. Fig. 318.—Hypertrophied cells from a Cabbage-root attacked by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Several of the cells are filled with spores, (v. Tubeuf del.) never be very injurious. The direct application of farmyard manure to the turnip crop should also be avoided, especially if the stock which made the manure was fed on diseased turnips; this is necessary because it has been found that the spores are not killed when eaten by animals.] (Edit.) Plasmodiophora vitis Yiala et Sauv.^ This is said to cause a Vine disease known as " Brunissure," which within recent years has caused considerabl

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. Fig. 318.—Hypertrophied cells from a Cabbage-root attacked by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Several of the cells are filled with spores, (v. Tubeuf del.) never be very injurious. The direct application of farmyard manure to the turnip crop should also be avoided, especially if the stock which made the manure was fed on diseased turnips; this is necessary because it has been found that the spores are not killed when eaten by animals.] (Edit.) Plasmodiophora vitis Yiala et Sauv.^ This is said to cause a Vine disease known as " Brunissure, " which within recent years has caused considerable loss in France, North America, and Soutliern Paissia.^ The early symptoms are light- brown star-shaped spots on the upper surface of the leaves between the ribs. The spots enlarge and cause a premature fall of the leaf, whereby the grapes are prevented from maturing. 1 Viala et Sauvageau, Compl. rend., cxiv., 1892. ^Cooke [Garde.ney.'i Chronide, 1893) refers swellings found by him on roots of the vine in England to the action of this fungus. (P]dit.)