Idaho 1918-1920 Influenza Pandemic

Part 46

Idaho Newspaper Clippings April 1-4, 1919

Some photos courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (used with permission.)
— — — — — — — — — —

Main Street, Eagle, Idaho

Photo courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Idaho Republican. April 01, 1919, Page 2

Sterling

G. William Parsons died at his home near the canal Tuesday, March 25 at 12 o’clock from an attack of influenza. Mr. and Mrs. Parsons had just returned from Ogden where they went to bury Mr. Parsons’ mother. Mr. Parsons contracted the disease there and came home. It was not generally known there was a case in the vicinity, when the community was shocked by the sad news of his death. Funeral arrangements have not been made.

Bishop R. A. Ward returned Saturday from Malad, Idaho, where he attended the funeral of his brother.

Miss Blanche Claypool was on the sick list the last of the week.

source: The Idaho Republican. (Blackfoot, Idaho), 01 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Idaho Republican. April 01, 1919, Page 3

Greater Red Cross Planned
Unified Action by Societies of the World Proposed
Plans Approved by Wilson
H. P. Davison Gives in Outline at Paris Banquet Red Cross Program for World Welfare – Distress in All Nations to Be Relieved — Epidemics to Be Combated — Central Bureau at Geneva.

Members of the peace delegations of all the powers interested in the proposed league of nations and ambassadors and ministers from various countries, with several hundred newspaper representatives from allied and neutral countries, at a dinner in Paris recently heard H. P. Davison of the American Red Cross announce in outline international Red Cross plans for world welfare. Mr. Davison has been named chairman of a committee of Red Cross societies representing the organizations in the United States, Great Britain, Italy, France and Japan “to formulate and propose to the Red Cross societies of the world a program of extended Red Cross activities in the interest of humanity.” …

“The situation in the world today is tragic beyond description. The distress in the world is of course greater than ever before and beyond comprehension. To me, therefore, it is clear that while the leading men of the world are convened to draw up conditions of peace there is no man or set of men who can by pencil and paper establish a peace which can endure in the presence of the distress throughout the world. I refer of course primarily to conditions in those countries which have suffered directly from the war.

“But our experience and studies have revealed conditions in other countries which are conductive to disquiet and unrest and which will continue to breed a spirit of dissatisfaction until they are at least in some degree improved. The fundamental basis of these conditions is primarily lack of proper foods, but also lack of medical, scientific and general health practice.” …

“If it had been possible to effect this organization two years ago it is conceivable that there would be going today to the various countries now in distress supplies and aid which would give comfort to and restore to health millions of people who cannot now be cared for. No one knows how many millions have died during the last year from influenza. …”

(ibid, page 3)
— — — —

The Idaho Republican. April 01, 1919, Page 4

Moreland

The infant child of Mr. and Mrs. Bert Grimmett died last Wednesday after a short illness.
— —

Wicks

The George Carlson family have the influenza at the present writing, but are not dangerously ill.

A large crowd attended the dance at the school house on Thursday evening. The music was good and everyone had a good time.
— —

Grandview

William Parson, who lived at the big fill, departed this life on Tuesday, March 25, suffering from influenza. Mr. Parsons leaves a devoted wife and ten children to mourn his loss. Interment was made in the Yuma cemetery Wednesday afternoon.

The roads are greatly improved the last few days making it possible for cars to travel.

(ibid, page 4)
— — — —

The Idaho Republican. April 01, 1919, Page 5

Local News

Mrs. W. G. Homer returned last week from Salt Lake, where she had been attending her son Edmond, who was in the hospital for treatment of an abscess of the lung, following influenza.

A. Andren, manager of the Andren Auto company, has been seriously ill for two weeks, and is slowly regaining his health.

Mrs. Eliza Lee of Buhl arrived Monday morning on her way to Darlington to be with her daughter Mrs. R. Y. McGee, who has been seriously ill.

H. E. Duffin of Aberdeen has been in Blackfoot for a week taking treatment of Dr. Flodquist; his health had suffered a general run down, but his is improving.
— —

In The Gem State

The governor has vetoed senate measure No. 35, by Porter, which would remove teachers in this state from the protection of the provisions of the workmen’s compensation act. The governor holds there is no reason for making such an exception and that teachers in the state are entitled to protection as employees.
— —

Flu Slays Poor Mexicans

Ravages of Spanish influenza among the poor charcoal burners who live in the mountains surrounding the Mexican capital are said to be responsible for the unprecedented price which that commodity is bringing. In the last month charcoal, which is generally used for cooking purposes, has increased about 300 per cent in cost. The municipality has made arrangements to buy this product in quantities and retail it at reduced figures. One paper in the capital states that almost 90 percent of the Indians who supplied the City of Mexico with the fuel were victims of the scourge.

(ibid, page 5)
— — — —

The Idaho Republican. April 01, 1919, Page 6

Centerville

Little Hazel Haynes was quite sick Saturday and Sunday last week.

Mrs. Maud Farnsworth is able to be up and around again.

Hazel and Emma Killion are listed among the sick this week.
— —

Lavaside

Lavaside school is the proud owner of a piano-cased organ. There’ll be music in the air now.
— —

Springfield

The death of Mr. Parsons, living near the big fill was reported Monday. Influenza was given as the cause of his death.

Mrs. Thomas has been quite ill at her home west of Springfield recently.

(ibid, page 6)
— — — —

The Idaho Republican. April 01, 1919, Page 7

Army Found Many Unfit
467,694 Draftees Turned Down During Last Ten Months of War

In the last ten months of the war, 467,694 men in the United States were found unfit for military service, according to the final report on the draft by provost Marshal General Crowder.

Defective heart and blood vessels were the causes of most of the rejections, 61,142 being barred in those cases. Defective bones and joints barred 57,744 men from the service in the final ten-month period, and 49,801 were rejected because of poor eyes.

(ibid, page 7)
— — — —

The Idaho Republican. April 01, 1919, Page 8

Three Hundred Papers In Distress …

… The men facing these problems are confronted with these facts:

The supply of print paper made scarce during the war may become harder to get.

The skilled newspaper men and printers who went to war have not generally returned alive or in condition to resume their work, or have chosen to go into other lines of activity.

Very few apprentices were learning the trade during the war, and the number who were working at it, very few became proficient and stuck to the work.

[Mortality] among newspaper men due to influenza, were very high, and it takes from ten to twenty years to develop writers of any marked ability to to fill their places. …

(ibid, page 8)
— — — — — — — — — —

Evening Capital News., April 01, 1919, Page 9

Around Boise Valley Loop

Caldwell

Jay Galligan, manager of the Caldwell flouring mills, is reported seriously ill.

Star

Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Chinn received word that their son, Sergt. Walter, who has been seriously ill at Fort Riley hospital, is improving nicely.
— —

How Diphtheria is Contracted

One often hears the expression, “My child caught a severe cold which developed into diphtheria,” when the truth was that the cold had simply left the little one particularly susceptible to the wandering diphtheria germ. If your child has a cold when diphtheria is prevalent you should take him out of school and keep him off the street until fully recovered, as there is a hundred times more danger of his taking diphtheria when he has a cold.

When Chamberlain’s Cough Remedy is given it quickly cures the cold and lessens the danger of diphtheria or any other germ disease being contracted. — Adv.
— —

He Escaped Influenza

“Last spring I had a terrible cold and grippe and was afraid I was going to have influenza,” writes A. A. McNeese, High Point, Ga. “I tried many kinds of medicine, but remained clogged with cold. I then took Foley’s Honey and Tar Compound, feeling relief from the first. I used seven small bottles. It was a sight to see the phlegm I coughed up. I am convinced Foley’s Honey and Tar saved me from influenza.” Checks coughs, colds, croup and whooping cough. — Whitehead’s Drug store. –– Adv.

source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 01 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —

Bonners Ferry Herald. April 01, 1919, Page 2

Army-Made Picture Films to Aid Victory Liberty Loan Drive …

Washington, D. C. — Resources of the motion picture industry have been mobilized for the Victory Liberty loan drive Beginning April 21. The treasury department announces that appeals which would be conveyed to bond buyers through the silent drama would form the most extensive propaganda campaign ever conducted by means of the screen theaters. …

Films made by 27 motion picture stars for the fourth loan, which it was not possible to show in many cities because of the influenza epidemic, have been altered and retitled to suit the present loan, and will do duty as intended.

source: Bonners Ferry Herald. (Bonners Ferry, Idaho), 01 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Bonners Ferry Herald. April 01, 1919, Page 5

Local News

Mr. and Mrs. T. J. Jones and family returned to Bonners Ferry last Thursday after having spent the winter in Moscow, Idaho, in order that their children could attend the state university. Both Mr. and Mrs. Jones have just recovered from attacks of the Spanish influenza, the epidemic having struck Moscow recently.

W. W. Ferbrache, accompanied by his sister-in-law, Mrs. H. C. Ferbrache, returned Friday from Pullman, Wash., where they were called to attend the funeral of Mr. Ferbrache’s brother-in-law, John Brooks. The deceased was a resident of this city the year of 1906. He was buried at Pullman last Thursday.

(ibid, page 5)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Daily Star-Mirror., April 01, 1919, Page 1

Seniors Take “Sneak” Under Classes Too
Sign Stating Seniors Had The “Flu” Posted on Administration Building

Students of the university were surprised to see a sign on the administration building bulletin board stating that the senior class “had flu.”

It developed that the seniors had chosen April first for their annual sneak picnic. The fourth year class stole out on the picnic early this morning, but the news had spread and other classes decided to be absent from classes for the day. Juniors were to be seen promenading, wearing the seniors’ traditional hat and cane. …

source: The Daily Star-Mirror. (Moscow, Idaho), 01 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —

Eastport, Idaho – Kingsgate BC, at International Line

Photo courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
— — — — — — — — — —

Evening Capital News., April 02, 1919, Page 10

Mountain Home

Mr. and Mrs. Oliver E. Norell who have been quite ill with influenza are improving rapidly.

source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 02 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Evening Capital News., April 02, 1919, Page 12

Deaths – Funerals

Boswell — Rose Boswell, aged 16 years, died of influenza at St. Anthony Tuesday. She was the daughter of J. S. Boswell. Her sister was with her when the end came and will bring the body home for burial.

(ibid, page 12)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Daily Star-Mirror., April 02, 1919, Page 1

Three Residences Quarantined

Dr. W. A. Adair, city health officer reports today that so far this week three flu cards were placed on residences in this city. The places quarantined are Reeds, 404 East B street; Lillibridge, 406 East Sixth street, and Hansons, on West Third street.
— —

Presbyterians Hold Congregational Meet …

The Presbyterian church held its annual business meeting of the congregation last night in the church auditorium. Annual reports were heard from all the departments of church activity. One fact stands out clearly: The church is thoroughly alive. In spite of the serious handicap of the extended influenza quarantine the work has gone forward with remarkable success. Forty-eight men members have been added during the year. The report of Benevolences for the church year is the best in the history of the church. …

source: The Daily Star-Mirror. (Moscow, Idaho), 02 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —

View of Main Street, Elk City, Idaho

Photo courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
— — — — — — — — — —

Evening Capital News., April 03, 1919, Page 9

Caldwell

Attorney and Mrs. W. A. Stone were visitors to Boise yesterday. Mrs. Stone remained and entered a hospital for medical treatment.

Greenleaf

Ralph Antrim is sick with the flu.

Miss Ester Reece has been confined to her home for several days with an attack of the flu.

Mrs. W. J. Bailley who has been sick for some time and was moved to the hospital at Caldwell last week, is reported better.

Nampa

Ormand, the two-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. N. S. Smith, died yesterday afternoon from pneumonia. Funeral arrangement have not yet been announced. Three other children are ill with the same disease.

Star

The pupils of Star high enjoyed an all day April fool picnic at Liberty Tuesday.

source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 03 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Evening Capital News., April 03, 1919, Page 10

World’s Scientists Preparing Program To Combat Disease
Fifty Notables of Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan and U. S. in Conference in France; Red Cross Chief Agent

Cannes, France, April 3. — Fifty leading scientists and business men of the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan have opened an international congress which will prepare a program for united action in combating disease. The Red Cross will be one of the chief agents, through which this work will be carried on.

The congress is expected to continue for two weeks. The American representatives include Henry Davison, Henry Morgenthau, Colonel Richard Strong, Dr. Emmet L. Holt and Major William Lucas.

Dr. Roux, director of the Pasteur institute, was elected president of the congress; Dr. Machiafva, of Italy, vice president, and Dr. William H. Welch, of Baltimore, chairman of the executive committee.

Davison, as chairman of the Red Cross societies made the opening address. He said he regarded the congress as the most important scientific conference ever held, not only because of the eminence of the delegates, but because of the practical results that will be achieved for the benefit of humanity.

Other speakers expressed the conviction that practical means of carrying out the plans of the congress will be found in the Red Cross societies.

(ibid, page 10)
— — — —

Evening Capital News., April 03, 1919, Page 12

Deaths – Funerals

Boswell – The funeral of Rosa Lee Boswell, who died of influenza at St. Anthony Tuesday, will be held at the Fry & Summers chapel Friday afternoon at 3 o’clock. Rev. G. S. Prout of the Adventist church will officiate and burial will be in Morris Hill cemetery. The funeral will be by automobile.

Caldwell — Fields Caldwell, aged 39 years, died of pneumonia Wednesday evening at a Boise hospital. He is survived by his wife, two daughters, three brothers and four sisters. Mr. Caldwell was a plumber and made his home in Boise since 1903. The body is at the Fry and Summers chapel and no funeral arrangement will be made until the arrival of his brother this evening from Salt Lake.

(ibid, page 12)
— — — — — — — — — —

Payette Enterprise., April 03, 1919, Page 1

Personal and Local Mention

Chief of Police Finske has been sick and unable for duty for several days. W. R. Williams has been on the job during his absence.

Mr. John Boyd who has been seriously ill is now slowly improving.
— —

Letter From Homer Lauer

Neuenahr, Germany. February 27th, 1919.

Dear Mother: —

Just received your letter yesterday morning the first for four or five weeks. You can’t imagine how glad I was to hear from you. I have never heard about any tracer you or anybody else sent after me.

I have written quite often and you should have heard from me at least three or four times a month. I heard from Albert once in base 27 and I wrote to him repeatedly but heard no more from him. Although he stated he was feeling fine and expected he would be on his way home before I received his letter.

I know the influenza is claiming its enormous number of victims without you mentioning the fact.

You may also tell Aunt Emma I wrote to her twice without receiving any answer. Also tell her that I am glad to hear she came out fine as to her operation. You ask when I think I will get home. Well, that is not for me to say; although I hope in the near future I will look upon the good old U. S. A. …

With love to all, Wag. Homer K. Lauer.

source: Payette Enterprise. (Payette, Canyon Co., Idaho), 03 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —

The Grangeville Globe. April 03, 1919, Page 1

Grangeville Boy Home

Gaylord Eimers, son of Mr. and Mrs. John P. Eimers, arrived home last Sunday evening from Camp Taylor Kentucky, where he had been occupied in the military band. While in the service Gay spent a lot of time in the hospital, having been afflicted with most all of the ailments that the boys in the service encountered. However he returns looking fine and in the best of health and spirits.

source: The Grangeville Globe. (Grangeville, Idaho), 03 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Grangeville Globe. April 03, 1919, Page 5

[Local News]

After a week’s siege of the “flu” Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Parker are again able to be about. Mr. Parker being down town for the first time on Wednesday.
— —

Eighth Grade Examination

State seventh and eighth grade examinations will be held at the school houses named below on April 9, 10 and 11, and on May 27, 28 and 29:

Greencreek, Cottonwood, Whitebird, Riggins, Elk City, Warren, Clearwater, Grangeville, Kooskia, Ferdinand and Kamiah.

Pupils furnish their own pens, ink, pencils and paper.

Special examiners will conduct the examinations which begin each morning at nine o’clock.

Margaret Sweet, County Supt. of Schools

(ibid, page 5)
— — — —

The Grangeville Globe. April 03, 1919, Page 8

[Local News]

Mrs. Dr. P. J. Scallon is still confined to her home with illness. She contracted the influenza and has been unable to overcome the after effects of the malady.

Mr. and Mrs. A. C. McCloskey of Spokane sister and brother-in-law of Floyd Swank of the Globe force, who arrived here last Friday evening, returned to their home on Sunday morning’s train. Mr. McCloskey was unfortunate in being stricken with a mild form of illness shortly after his arrival which marred the enjoyment of his visit.

Wild geese in large numbers going north have been passing over the city during the past couple of days.
— —

School Notes

The past few days of beautiful weather have permitted the students to be out of doors between school hours. However, they have not let the “call of the wild” interfere with their school work.

Last Monday, during the absence of the regular teacher, Miss Hupp, Mrs. Arnold had charge of the fourth grade.

(ibid, page 8)
— — — — — — — — — —

Idaho County Free Press. April 03, 1919, Page 1

Recover From Influenza

Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Parker have recovered from attacks of Spanish influenza, which kept them confined to their home for a week. Mr. Parker, who receives a number of London papers, says English physicians, after a study of Spanish influenza, have concluded that the disease is identical with the old Black plague, of London.

source: Idaho County Free Press. (Grangeville, Idaho), 03 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Idaho County Free Press. April 03, 1919, Page 2

Ferdinand

Dr. Buchanan of Ilo was transacting business here Wednesday.

Sewing will be discontinued at the Red Cross rooms, owing to lack of workers.

(ibid, page 2)
— — — —

Idaho County Free Press. April 03, 1919, Page 5

Whitebird

Mr. Berrig has returned from St. Joseph’s hospital in Lewiston where he has been confined since last October.

Miss Alice Mead has returned to work again at the Whitebird hotel after two weeks’ rest.

(ibid, page 5)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Nezperce Herald., April 03, 1919, Page 1

Local News

J. B. McCully accompanied the remains of his one-day-old grandson to this city yesterday from Cottonwood and tenderly laid the little body to rest in the local cemetery. The child was born to Mrs. Gerald McCully on the 1st instant and survived but a few hours. Thus members of three generations of this stricken family have been called across the Great Divide within the past six months, the others being the child’s father, Gerald McCully, and its great grandfather, Judge Adams G. Johnson.
— —

Central Ridge News

Mrs. Stump is quite ill at this writing.

Clarence Reed is on the sick list.

R. W. Senters is on the sick list.

Mrs. Bill Poole is recovering from a severe illness.

Mrs. Coon and daughter, Ella, have the mumps.

The farmers of this section are busy plowing and seeding.

source: The Nezperce Herald. (Nezperce, Idaho), 03 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Nezperce Herald., April 03, 1919, Page 7

Locals and Personal News Notes

Bernice Thomas returned last week from the army service at Camp Lewis having received his discharge. He looks fine and has apparently entirely recovered from the serious siege of influenza and pneumonia he endured some weeks ago. His many friends are glad to have him back.

(ibid, page 7)
— — — —

The Nezperce Herald., April 03, 1919, Page 8

Obituary

Mrs. Gertrude Flossy Jackson was born August 31, 1889, in Coleridge, Neb. She came west with her parents at the age of seven, and settled on the Nez Perce reservation when it was opened. She died at Ekalaka, Mont., on Monday, March 17, from a liver and kidney affection following an attack of influenza. The funeral was held at the Brethren church in Nezperce at 2 p.m., Wednesday, March 26.

The deceased had many dear friends and she was liked by all who knew her. She was always loving and kind to her homefolks and her departure into the hereafter leaves a void here that cannot be filled. Her two daughters, Hallie and Winnie Parrish and baby son, Frank Jackson, are with their grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Chandler, of this vicinity.

(ibid, page 8)
— — — — — — — — — —

Main Street, Elk River, Idaho ca. 1914

Photo courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
— — — — — — — — — —

Evening Capital News., April 04, 1919, Page 12

Little News of Boise

Speaks at Weiser Saturday

An illustrated health lecture will be given at Weiser Saturday evening by M. S. Parker, field secretary of the Idaho Anti-Tuberculosis association of Boise. No admission will be charged and the people of Weiser and vicinity are most cordially invited to be present. Some high-class health pictures will be shown on the canvas by Mr. Parker. The campaign for better health conditions that is being waged in this state is part of a great national campaign financed by the American Red Cross and carried on by the National tuberculosis association, with the fight against the dread disease as the central idea. People everywhere are becoming very much interested in this work and it is sure to result in great good.

Gooding School Plans

Wayland & Fennell have started the plans for the school building for the deaf and blind school to be built at Gooding. The building is a combined dormitory for the girls and school. It will be two stories with a full basement. The legislature appropriated $50,000 for the improvement. The plans will be completed in 30 days.
— —

Deaths – Funerals

Guerricagortia — The funeral of E. Guerricagortia, who died of lobar pneumonia at Emmett last Monday, was held this morning at 9 o’clock at the Church of the Good Shepherd. Burial was in St. John’s cemetery and the funeral was by automobile. The young Spaniard was 22 years of age and unmarried.

source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 04 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —

The Meridian Times., April 04, 1919, Page 3

Inland Northwest

The “influenza signal” in wild spots is two rifle shots in quick succession, followed by a third at an interval. The signal saved W. L. Campbell, a rancher of the Craig district, in Montana. He was in the last stages of the disease when his shots brought neighbors.

source: The Meridian Times. (Meridian, Idaho), 04 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Meridian Times., April 04, 1919, Page 8

Meridian Local News

Leslie Wallace, the infant son of Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Kellar, born March 25th, was buried in the local cemetery Sunday afternoon. A brief service was conducted at the grave by Carman E. Mell, pastor of the Christian church. Mrs. Kellar is at the home of her sister Mrs. L. R. Lembke and is convalescent. The Kellars reside on a ranch south of Boise.

T. E. LaForce, a prominent citizen of the Ten Mile and Kuna communities, died March 23, age 60 years. He came to Idaho with his now bereaved wife 25 years ago. They have eight children to mourn the loss of a kind father.

(ibid, page 8)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Caldwell Tribune. April 04, 1919, Page 1

Frank Soper Passed Away Very Suddenly
Had Been Unwell Since Suffering Attack of Influenza — Survived by Wife and Children

Frank E. Soper, well known business man of Caldwell, died Sunday evening. Mr. Soper sustained an attack of the influenza some time ago from which he never fully recovered. More recently he underwent an operation for appendicitis but it was too late to save him. Mr. Soper was about 37 years of age. He is survived by his wife, three children and other relatives.

The funeral was held from the family residence Wednesday. The services were under the auspices of the Odd Fellows. The Rev. F. L. Cook conducted the services. Interment was at Canyon Hill cemetery.

source: The Caldwell Tribune. (Caldwell, Idaho), 04 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Caldwell Tribune. April 04, 1919, Page 7

Items of Interest From Surrounding Territory

Roswell

Eunice Rockwood has returned home from a stay of three weeks in a Boise hospital.

Frank Soper, who formerly lived in Roswell, died Sunday evening in Caldwell. He was stricken with appendicitis while recovering from influenza.

Mr. and Mrs. Ed Stemper and Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Paine were in Caldwell Saturday where they were called by the illness of Frank Soper. Mr. and Mrs. Ben Paine and Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Aellen were at the same place Sunday.

Lake Lowell

Harold Gibbens has the scarlet fever.

There was no school in Mrs. Reavis’ room Tuesday on account of Mrs. Reavis’ daughter being bitten by a rabid dog. Mrs. Reavis took her daughter to Boise for treatment.

Greenleaf

Mrs. Bailey is quite ill with influenza. She was taken to Caldwell to the hospital the last of the week.

Marble Front

Prof. Edwards, principal of the Midway schools has been in quarantine at the county farm with smallpox for the last two weeks and a half. He was released this last week.

Midway News

Several members of the O. M. Hamilton family are suffering from the flu.

Mrs. S. W. Rowland is nursing Mrs. David Strand who is in a critical condition.

Mrs. J. F. Riskemire spent Thursday with her sister, Mrs. Emmett Wilson of Bowmont, who was quite ill.

Prof. E. A. Edwards, who has been a victim of smallpox for the past three weeks, was able to resume his school work Wednesday.

Miss Edith Clements, teacher of the Intermediate department, has been suffering several days with a slight attack of appendicitis. Mrs. Florence Appy of Nampa substituted for her Monday and Tuesday.

(ibid, page 7)
— — — —

The Caldwell Tribune. April 04, 1919, Page 10

Items of Interest From Surrounding Territory

Arena Valley

Miss Nola Peterman has recovered from a severe case of the flu.

Brier Rose

Mrs. Enoch has returned from the hospital in Boise and is at the Krezeck home at present.

John Dennerline, who was reported very ill last week, died Sunday and was buried Monday afternoon.

Mrs. Reavis’ two children were bitten by their dog on Sunday. The dog was supposed to have rabies and was killed and the head sent to Boise for examination.

What might have resulted in a serious accident occurred Sunday when Mrs. McCarthy and her sister-in-law were walking home from church. A cow and yearling came behind them and pushed them down trampling and bruising them considerably. They are very lame and sore, but no bones were broken.

(ibid, page 10)
— — — —

Clearwater Republican. April 04, 1919, Page 1

Women’s Committee of Council of Defense Report

The women’s committee of the Council of Defense, Clearwater Co., Idaho, was organized in the fall of 1917 with a chairman in each district.

After the organization was effected, the first work of the Women’s Committee of the council of Defense was the registration of the women. The response exceeded all expectations – women patriotically offering their services for work of various natures, some even volunteering to manage farms or work on them, thus doing their bit to add to the world’s food supply. This Council of Defense committee has done splendid work throughout the county, assisting all other committees and generally keeping the organization in good working spirit.

Through the generous cooperation of our Demonstration Agent, Miss Dorothy Taylor, we were able to do much in the Home Economics Department. The literature, including recipes and explanations, was carefully and thoroughly distributed through an arrangement of a series of meetings. Each precinct chairman, with the assistance of Miss Taylor gave demonstrations of war-recipes and substitutes. This was intensified by good, practical talks on the many subjects vital to housekeepers. In this manner the practical work was carried to the remotest districts.

The various exhibits of cooked foods and made-over clothing were generously supported and recipes largely called for. The made-over clothing work by Miss Erwin was far reaching in its effects. In connection with one meeting Miss Permeal French, Dean of Women of the University of Idaho, spoke to the women on the subject bearing on what should be done for the girls.

During the canning season, representatives from the precincts met in Orofino for canning demonstrations and they, in their turn, conducted similar meetings, each in her own community. Information was persistently sought relative to the subject of food preservation during the entire period of the war. The meetings demonstrating the labor-saving devices and general household economics were stopped by the quarantine caused by the influenza epidemic. This work has been of inestimable value to the women, not only in proving our patriotism, but in bringing us closer sympathy in our own branches of work. …

source: Clearwater Republican. (Orofino, Idaho), 04 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Clearwater Republican. April 04, 1919, Page 2

Boy Asleep 28 Days, But Happy

Beaumont, Texas. — Thurman McNeal, age 14, son of Young McNeal, hotel proprietor at Voth, 8 miles north of this city, March 30 completed his 28th day in a state of coma. Attending physicians pronounce it a case of “sleeping sickness.” The boy appears to be gaining weight. He eats heartily and doctors regard it as remarkable that he is apparently enjoying his trip into aphasia, as at times he laughs most heartily over what appear to be his dreams. So far as known he is oblivious of everything that goes on around him.

(ibid, page 2)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Kendrick Gazette. April 04, 1919, Page 8

Gleanings

Gus Birchmier of Texas ridge went to Moscow Saturday to visit his father-in-law, who is quite ill.

Dr. Kelly of Lewiston was in Kendrick last Saturday on business.

The call for volunteers to make convalescent gowns received very little response. Mrs. Frank Fredrickson of American ridge was the only one who volunteered to make one of the gowns – not a single volunteer among the ladies of Kendrick. These gowns are needed and must be made up immediately. Call at the Kendrick Store and Mr. Dammarell will give you the material all cut out and ready for you to sew.

source: The Kendrick Gazette. (Kendrick, Idaho), 04 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —

Montpelier Examiner. April 04, 1919, Page 5

Local News

June A., the ten-months-old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Cochran, died last Sunday evening, from pneumonia following the influenza. Funeral services were held from the home Tuesday afternoon.

Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Cochrane desire to express their sincere thanks to the friends and neighbors for the kindly assistance rendered during the illness and after the death of their infant daughter.

Russle D., the seven-months-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Ira Chaffin, died last Friday night from pneumonia. Short funeral services were held at the home Sunday morning.

Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Gould, who were called here by the death of Mrs. G’s father, George Munns, left Tuesday for their home at Baker City, Oregon.

Funeral services for the late George Munns were held at the Methodist church last Sunday afternoon. At the grave the Masonic burial services were conducted.

source: Montpelier Examiner. (Montpelier, Idaho), 04 April 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
—————–

Influenza Camp 1918

Original caption: “Photo shows a scene in the influenza camp at Lawrence, Maine, where patients are given fresh air treatment. This extreme measure was hit upon as the best way of curbing the epidemic. Patients are required to live in these camps until cured.” Bettmann / Bettmann Archive

source: Alan Taylor April 10, 2018 “30 Photos of the 1918 Flu Pandemic” The Atlantic
——————

Further Reading Offsite

When The Pandemic Came To The Inland Northwest — 102 Years Ago

Nicholas Deshais April 3, 2020

An undated photo of military parade in downtown Spokane in 1918. Courtesy of the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture

NOTE: This story is a collaboration between the public media Northwest News Network, Spokane Public Radio, Northwest Public Broadcasting and the Spokesman-Review.

Two weeks before Spokane went on lockdown, the news was the disease wouldn’t come here.

The newspaper told its readers that “there is no reason to be greatly alarmed” because the “imported type” of viral infection was “not available” here.

The city’s public health officer offered soothing words.

“If Spokane people will sneeze in their handkerchiefs and turn their heads the ‘other’ way when they cough, there is but a remote chance that the city will be attacked,” he told the paper.

They were wrong.

The virus arrived, and the city’s theaters, schools, churches, dance halls and every other place where people gathered were ordered closed, as were events like funerals and weddings.

The year was 1918 – the last time a pandemic reached Spokane. A century has passed, and Spokane and the world are once again contending with quarantine and the powerful role public health officials can play in times of outbreak.

It’s a frightening time, with a sedate city anxiously waiting to see how bad it gets. But some look back to see a way forward.

“My reaction about learning about the disease today, about COVID-19, my first reaction as a historian was to try to give it context,” said Logan Camporeale, a local historian. “Based on the newspaper record, what we did in 1918, in October 1918, is much of what we’re dong in March of 2020.”

Dr. Bob Lutz, the health officer for the Spokane Regional Health District, agreed that 1918 is a good analogy to now.

“I think there are a lot of comparisons to 1918,” Lutz said. “So to say that we’ve been here before, yeah, we’ve been here before a century ago, but not in the recent past. Not in the past anyone here can remember.”

The inability to recall how bad things got here has led people to dismiss the threat, Lutz said.

“I think that we have, as a society, become so independent that when I tell you that I require you to do this, there’s a lot of, ‘Well don’t tell me, I don’t believe it,’” he said. …

That brings up another difference between 1918 and 2020.

“Back then, you did not have testing. Now you have testing,” Lutz said. “Back then you – essentially based upon a constellation of symptoms – you said this person had flu and you treated them accordingly. Now we have a constellation of symptoms, which is consistent with COVID-19, and we have a test for COVID-19, but we don’t have the testing materials to provide the evidence.”

In other words, people don’t believe the outbreak is here until there is a test confirming it’s here. And if they don’t believe it’s here, they won’t follow Lutz’s recommendations for social distancing.

“To some degree, until people truly believe that it is here, they are pushing back against a lot of the social distancing recommendations that we are providing,” Lutz said.

As testing proved on March 14 that the novel coronavirus had arrived in Spokane, Lutz urged people to take it seriously.

“We’ve not had anything of this complexity and severity for a century,” he said.

War Brings Flu Home

… The 1918-19 influenza pandemic infected 500 million people worldwide, and killed between 17 and 100 million people – upwards of 5% of the human population.

It didn’t spare the U.S., where more than 500,000 people died. Joseph Waring, a medical historian in South Carolina, called it “the greatest medical holocaust in history.” And Isaac Starr, in the Annals of Internal Medicine, ranked it as “one of the three most destructive human epidemics” along with the Justinian plague in the year 541 and the Black Death in the mid-1300s.

A naval unit in Pullman, Washington, on Nov. 11, 1918, celebrating the end of World War I. Courtesy of the Franks Collection, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture

At the same time, the world was seeing the end of what would later be called World War I, referred to at the time as the Great War.

The so-called “War to End All Wars” would result in the deaths of 9 million combatants and 7 million civilians, making it the third deadliest war ever, behind World War II and the Mongol conquests of the 13th century.

It’s no coincidence the war and influenza pandemic struck at the same time.

Though the war began in Europe in 1914, the U.S. didn’t join the Allies until 1917. The draft was extended, and the Army went from having tens of thousands of troops to millions.

While theories compete about the flu’s source, there is no argument that it was ravaging the soldiers in Europe in 1917, where the newly expanded American Army was headed.

During their tours, men from around the world, including Americans, lived in tight, squalid conditions that “favored the transmission of influenza. Men moved between camps frequently and went overseas and back, facilitating the transmission of the disease over even wider areas,” wrote Keirsten Snover in her 2008 master’s degree thesis for Eastern Washington University called “The Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919: The Spokane Experience.”

“Because of the war, what might have been a limited epidemic quickly became a pandemic, with troops spreading infection all over the globe,” Snover wrote.

“Fear Of Influenza”

Dr. John Anderson was strolling down Riverside Avenue in downtown Spokane when a man spit on the sidewalk in front of him – a common, if foul, occurrence.

It was also an arrestable offense, as the man would soon find out.

The year was 1918, and Spokane was under something like martial law – but instead of the military giving orders, it was the public health authority.

And Dr. Anderson, Spokane’s chief public health officer, called the shots.

The man wasn’t arrested. Instead, Anderson ordered him to wipe his own spittle off the sidewalk, which he did, with Anderson watching.

The date was Oct. 8, and Anderson could be forgiven for his extreme reaction. He and 17 Spokane physicians had just met to discuss a telegram they’d received from T.D. Tuttle, the state commissioner of health, urging them to ban public gatherings.

Anderson and the doctors agreed. At midnight that day, Oct. 8, all theaters, schools, churches, dance halls and every other place where people gathered were ordered closed, as were events like funerals and weddings.

When Anderson ordered the closure of most of Spokane’s public places, there were few who protested, even if most people didn’t believe or understand the danger of influenza. The city streets were “as sparsely filled as in a blizzard,” The Spokesman-Review reported.

The first day of those quiet streets – Oct. 9, 1918 – Spokane had its first reported flu death.

In an article titled “Epidemic grows, girl succumbs,” the Spokesman reported the death of Vera Wood, 17, the daughter of “pioneers of the Sprague region” who lived near the old Spokane University in Spokane Valley. She was “stricken last Saturday,” and contracted the flu from her brother, Vernon Wood, a Lewis and Clark High School student. He recovered, she didn’t.

It was later reported that James Alphea Howe was the first 1918 influenza death. When he died on Oct. 5, 1918, it was first thought the 79-year-old had succumbed to pneumonia, but later ascribed to influenza.

The cases piled up. By Oct. 10, 1918, there were 220 reported cases of influenza in Spokane and Anderson ordered all doctors in the city to file daily reports with him. The city’s hospitals were at capacity and Anderson saw the situation deteriorating.

Anderson and the local Red Cross formulated a plan to transform one of the city’s hotels into a hospital. Near the corner of Lincoln Street and First Avenue, the Lion Hotel was perfect. It had big and small rooms, and was centrally located near Deaconess Hospital.

On Oct. 16, the city seized the Lion Hotel to convert for people “with severe cases or those who were homeless,” according to the newspaper. The owners objected, and the following day the Spokane Daily Chronicle reported Anderson’s indifference to their concerns.

“We don’t care a rap what the owners of the building think about it or about us,” Anderson said. “We don’t propose to haggle with them over it. This is a very serious emergency and if the owners of the Lion Hotel think they can put a dollar in one side of the scale and a human life in the other and get away with it they are very, very badly mistaken.”

It was just the beginning of Anderson’s increasingly belligerent tone against people who disagreed with his measures to combat the flu. The number of reported cases was growing by 75 each day, and the total stood at 815 when the Lion became an influenza ward.

In the family papers of Robert O’Brien, old newsletters tell the story of Mary Philomena O’Brien, who volunteered to care for WWI soldiers as well as those afflicted with the 1918 flu. She died of the flu after caring for patients. Credit: Jesse Tinsley/The Spokesman-Review

Two days later, on Oct. 18, a total of 15 people had died from the flu, and Anderson put Spokane under an even stricter quarantine: gatherings in private clubs were now banned, and passengers on the city’s streetcars were no longer allowed to stand in the aisle and hang on a strap if the seats were full.

On Oct. 23 – just two weeks after the city’s first death – the city had its worst day yet, with 300 new cases reported. Anderson was furious, blaming lax adherence to his measures, and promised to squelch such activities.

“It has been brought to my attention that some people have disobeyed the order by giving private social affairs at their homes,” he said. “Upon the first information I have that such a thing is being planned, we will appear on the scene and arrest the ringleaders without respect to their prominence or social standing.”

Four days later, Anderson was “shocked” to see 1,500 people gather at the Great Northern Depot, site of the clocktower in Riverfront Park, to see young men go off to war. He banned public send-offs of the troops then and there.

“There is a difference between wholesome fear of influenza and morbid dread of the disease,” Anderson told the Chronicle. “Spokane people, for their own good, must realize the difference.”

If he couldn’t get them to fear the disease, he would rule the city with an iron, health-minded fist. He considered shutting the entire city down, except grocery stores and restaurants, but backed off without explanation. Instead, he outlawed Halloween masks, and ordered police to stop masked trick-or-treaters.

“Small Plants Called Germs”

As a doctor, Anderson was well-versed in his day’s theories of sickness and health.

But he, like everyone else in 1918, didn’t know that influenza was a virus, a fact only revealed in 1933 when the human influenza virus was first isolated from a pig. Since its identity as a virus wasn’t yet known, there was no flu vaccine, and would not be on widely available until 1945.

But Anderson knew about germ theory, and he was happy to explain it to those who balked at his strict measures.

“Spanish influenza is caused by very small plants called germs that come from the mouth or nose of persons suffering from it,” he told the Chronicle. “The person gets the germ into his body by breathing into the nose or mouth the drops or spray that have been sneezed or coughed out into the air by a person sick with influenza or else he gets the germs into his body by putting into his mouth something soiled by the spit of a sick person.”

In a full-page ad in the Spokesman, the city’s health department told people, “Don’t Be Alarmed – Be Careful!” The ad advised people to go to bed if they were feeling sick, keep the windows open, take laxatives and consume milk, eggs and broth every four hours. Nurses were told to wear a mask and wash their hands frequently. Workers were urged to avoid streetcars, walk to work and “eat good, clean food.”

Nowadays, the explanation and remedies seem less than satisfactory, and we have a more nuanced understanding of viruses.

In short, a virus is so small and simple it’s not considered a living thing. Instead, it invades living things, and only once it has infected a life form does it replicate. The only identifiable function of a virus is to reproduce, and it will reproduce until the cell it has invaded bursts, sending its millions of duplicates out to invade more cells.

The 1918 influenza virus went by a few names back then: Influenza, the Spanish flu, la grippe, the grip.

Now, we know it as H1N1, which describes the type of proteins that make up the virus, as well as its shape. It’s also called swine flu. …

When H1N1 struck in 1918, it decimated the usual victims – the very young, and the very old. But it was unusually fatal for healthy adults as well.

In his book “The Great Influenza,” John Barry writes that the immune systems of healthy adults “mounted massive responses to the virus. That immune response filled the lungs with fluid and debris, making it impossible for the exchange of oxygen to take place.”

Instead of saving them, the immune systems drowned their masters.

Despite his odd description of the germ-plants, Anderson showed that he and other medical professionals knew how the virus was spread: through the air and by an exchange of fluids between the healthy and the infected.

War Is Over

As November 1918 began, the war and flu raged on, and things weren’t looking good in Spokane.

It hadn’t even been a month since the first H1N1 death, and the city had tallied 4,000 flu cases and more than 100 dead. There weren’t enough doctors and nurses to staff the city’s many sick wards.

Anderson told the Chronicle the “situation is grave … really serious, more serious than the general public seems to realize.”

Volunteers wearing gauze masks at a street kitchen in Cincinnati serve food to children of families afflicted by the flu pandemic in the winter of 1918-1919. Courtesy of Spokesman-Review Archives

On Nov. 4, the state health board issued a new order: Everyone had to wear a mask while out in public, including at stores and restaurants. The masks had to be a certain size – 5 by 6 inches – with six layers of sewn-and-bound gauze.

Two days later, the local Red Cross sold the masks at City Hall. Two types of masks were priced at 5 or 10 cents and all 500 sold out in a half-hour. Hundreds of people were turned away. The Red Cross hastily made 4,000 more masks, but they hung loosely on the face and were unpopular and uncomfortable.

The next day, 800 masks were sold in the first half-hour. The paper tallied the dead at 117.

On Nov. 9, the front-page of the Chronicle screamed in large, bold letters, “Kaiser Quits.” The war was over, at least in Europe. Anderson tried to cool any hearts that may have been warmed by the news.

“Stay home all you can. Order your merchandise over the telephone. Don’t forget to keep your windows open both night and day and keep in the fresh air as much as possible and comply with all rules and regulations,” Anderson said.

He was ignored. With the end of war, celebrations broke out around Spokane on Nov. 11, Armistice Day, including a parade on Riverside Avenue. Thousands of motorists and marchers created a “bedlam of sound” with horns, klaxons, tin cans, streetcar whistles and gongs. The parade, which started at 1 p.m., continued deep into the night. Public parties lasted throughout the day.

More than 4,500 Spokane men had gone to war, and more than 200 had died in the fight. Anderson, fighting to prevent more death, knew he couldn’t stop the celebration, but lamented that the “merrymakers as a rule disregarded the mask rule as a hindrance to their vocal powers.”

The same day, the state health commissioner lifted the mask rule, and news of his ruling reached Spokane that evening and “immediately circulated among a population already in the midst of celebrating the end to the war,” according to the Influenza Encyclopedia, a website with an account of the illness in the city based on newspaper reports of the time.

Anderson, buoyed by peace, said he thought all the restrictions could be lifted soon.

With Anderson – and therefore probably most of the city – believing the flu was on its way out, the Spokesman wrote a fawning profile of the health officer, saying “it is probably fair to say that he has earned the respect and admiration of his fellow citizens in a way no other public official of Spokane has approached.”

Anderson used logic to convince his fellow citizens, the profile said. Failing that, he wielded power.

In the profile, Anderson likens his fight against the flu to the war won in Europe. More to the point, he demanded the power of a general to finally vanquish his “invisible enemy.”

“It is just as necessary to concentrate responsibility and authority in one man here as on the battlefield. Perhaps more so, for the soldier fights a visible foe while the health authorities and the physician are combating an invisible enemy. All we see is results of the foe’s strength,” he said. “It is prompt action which saves the day, and we know it as never before after this epidemic.” …

Theaters Revolt

As December 1918 began, nothing changed. Every day, 200 cases of the flu were reported. Still, Anderson believed the flu was waning, lifted some restrictions and said school would be in session again, after seven weeks of closure. Theaters were allowed to open, but with strict temperature and humidity controls.

At a time before radio and television, the bored people of Spokane rejoiced. Social life would begin again, just in time for the holidays.

It didn’t last. The flu roared, and the city counted 231 dead. Anderson blamed the war celebrations and recent Thanksgiving gatherings.

“Keep away from crowds,” he said. “Influenza is a crowd disease. The present increase should convince the most skeptical that the gatherings of the Thanksgiving week have been dangerous.”

Local businesses affected by the flu ban were gathering signatures to have it lifted. “They might as well save their ink,” said the city’s health officer. Credit: Spokesman-Review Archives

On Dec. 3, 300 new influenza cases were reported and again the city’s schools were ordered shut. Anderson again recommended a full ban on public gatherings, causing a “near-riot” at a city board of health meeting on Dec. 6.

“Hooting, hissing and cat-calling came from the back of the room, and one man had to be cautioned by police Sgt. Daniel to keep quiet or leave the room,” reported the Chronicle.

Facing a would-be mob, Anderson and the board compromised: Churches would be allowed one service each week, but with no singing because it “acts as a releaser of germs during the singing, nearly the same as during coughing, and that would be dangerous.” Theaters could remain open, but would have to “close between the hours of 5 and 7 p.m., to air out the theater building.”

That day, there were 342 new cases of the flu and eight deaths.

Despite the death and disease, business owners were tired of the forced closures, and people were too. The Empress Theater, at Riverside and Browne Street, violated the quarantine. Two health inspectors went to the theater and found “84 people standing in the lobby, in direct violation of the quarantine order,” Anderson said. There also were children under 12 in attendance and the gallery was overcrowded. When the health inspectors ordered the lobby cleared, “management paid no heed.”

If the Empress tried to reopen, Anderson said he’d arrest the manager, the ticket seller, the doorkeeper and every other employee.

Later that week, with deaths tallied at 374, the owner of the Hippodrome on Howard Street said he was closing the theater for good, and blamed the financial losses stemming from the quarantine.

The next day, Dec. 17, a coalition of theater owners said they had collected several thousand signatures asking for the end of the ban on public gatherings.

“Those petitions will have as much effect on me as water on a duck’s back,” Anderson said. “The people circulating and signing the petitions might just as well save their ink.”

He said the partial ban would go on until January and suggested the businesspeople were putting profits ahead of the public good. “A dollar is good, but it is no good to a dead man,” he said.

Around this time, Anderson outlawed Christmas and New Year’s celebrations.

Forget All About The Flu

Over the next few weeks, the situation improved. The worst was over. On Dec. 30, Anderson announced all restrictions would be lifted at noon New Year’s Day, and schools would reopen Jan. 2.

Even Anderson’s rhetoric shifted.

“Forget all about the ‘flu.’ Dismiss it from your mind,” Anderson said, according to the Jan. 4, 1919, paper. “I believe everybody would be better off if they would just forget all about the ‘flu.’ I don’t mean by this that people should mingle with persons who have the disease, but I do mean that people should get away from the idea that if they have a little pain or ache they should think it is the influenza. Just quit thinking about it as much as possible. This is my suggestion.”

On Jan. 13, Anderson closed the Lion Hotel hospital, which “truly signaled the end of Spokane’s epidemic,” according to the Influenza Encyclopedia. Over 89 days, the hospital had treated 617 people and saw 68 deaths.

By the end of the flu’s course through Spokane, some 17,000 Spokanites got the flu, and 1,045 died. The severity of the disease in Spokane led to a higher death rate than in Seattle. And its three “peaks” – two in October and one in December – were more than the typical American city, which saw just two.

The number of cases and deaths would grow outside of this October-to-February window, but Anderson wouldn’t stay in Spokane to see it all the way through. Deaths would continue to mount after February 1919, but at a slower rate.

On April 18, Anderson was given a farewell reception by the employees of the city health office and members of the Rivercrest Contagion Hospital, according to the May 10 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

He was retiring as the city’s health officer after eight years and had been named the state commissioner of health. …

full story: NWPB
———————

Further Reading

Back to Idaho 1918-1920 Influenza Pandemic
Table of Contents

page updated Feb 9, 2014

Idaho 1918-1920 Influenza Pandemic

Part 45

Idaho Newspaper Clippings March 28-30, 1919

Photos courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (used with permission.)
— — — — — — — — — —

Evening Capital News., March 28, 1919, Page 2

Think Twin Falls Man Has Sleeping Sickness

Twin Falls, March 28. — In the Boyd hospital here there is a man who has been asleep for 16 days. Since Tuesday it has been possible to rouse him at meal times, nourishment prior to that time having been administered through a tube, and he is apparently on the road to recovery. After careful tests and elimination of all other possibilities, attending physicians have diagnosed the case as one of lethargic encephalitis or sleeping sickness. This is the first case of the kind so far reported in the intermountain region.
— —

Mrs. Phoebe Hearst Improved

Pleasanton, Cal., March 28. — The condition of Mrs. Phoebe Hearst, mother of William R. Hearst, newspaper publisher, is improved today. Mrs. Hearst is suffering from the after effects of influenza.

source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Evening Capital News., March 28, 1919, Page 9

Around Boise Valley Loop

Meridian

Duff McKee was called to Parma this morning by the illness of his child.

Star

Verlin and Jessie Bass are confined to their home with the flu.

Mrs. Peterson and son left today for Butte, Mont. in answer to a telegram announcing the serious illness of the former’s daughter.
— —

Idaho Falls

Idaho Falls, March 28 — Doctors J. O. Mellor and D. L. McDonald have taken over the hospital property on E. street formerly known as the Emergency hospital and have renamed the institution the Peoples’ Hospital. The building has been thoroughly remodeled and re-equipped and has beds for 20 patients.

Another hospital is in prospect as the L. D. S. church has a committee looking for a suitable location for the establishment of a big hospital and sanitarium under the supervision of that organization.

(ibid, page 9)
— — — —

Evening Capital News., March 28, 1919, Page 12

Influenza Case

One influenza patient was brought to Boise from Orchard Thursday evening in the O. S. L. hospital car, and taken to a city hospital. The patient had not developed the disease in its full strength, but it was thought best to take every precaution and secure proper care at once.

(ibid, page 12)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Caldwell Tribune. March 28, 1919, Page 1

Local and Personal

Delva Modest Northrup, one year old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. F. B. Northrup, died Monday, March 24th. The funeral was held Wednesday. interment was at Canyon Hill cemetery.
— —

Lake Lowell

Rev. C. E. Wharton preached at the M. E. church Sunday morning, after an illness of seven weeks.

Florence Gibbens is slowly recovering from her recent illness.

Miss Louise Wright was out of school the forepart of the week on account of pink eye.
— —

Funeral of Frank Gillian

Funeral services were held from the Methodist church Wednesday afternoon for Frank Gillian. The Rev. Mr. Winters had charge of the services. Interment was at Canyon Hill cemetery.

Mr. Gillian died Monday at Hot Lake, Oregon, where he was taken for medical treatment. Death resulted from complications following influenza. He is survived by his wife, parents and three brothers.

Mr. and Mrs. Gillian came to Caldwell a little over a year ago. They were from Wyoming. Mr. Gillian was extensively interested in land at Claytonia and also in and around Caldwell.
— —

Judge Isaac F. Smith who has been seriously sick at his home at Weiser for some time was taken to a Boise hospital Monday morning. He stood the trip well but it is feared that Judge Smith will never recover from his present malady.

source: The Caldwell Tribune. (Caldwell, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Caldwell Tribune. March 28, 1919, Page 5

Items of Interest From Surrounding Territory

Marble Front

We are glad to report that Mrs. Walter Thomas is improving and able to sit up a little.

Mrs. Fred Kress is on the sick list this week.

Word has been received from Lee Thomas at Hot Lake that he is not improving as they had hoped he would.

Deer Flat

There are a few cases of flu in the neighborhood.

Mrs. Carl Skow is having the mumps and Miss Neva Faris has just recovered from the same happy experience.

Midway News

Thomas Waters is on the sick list.

Fargo News Item

Mr. and Mrs. Elmore Look, who have had the flu, are able to be out again.

There has been several cases of mumps in the Fargo school.

Mrs. John Miller was on the sick list last week.

Roswell

Esther Jacobson, formerly of Rosewell, who has been very ill for many weeks in Boise, is now improving.

Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Rockwood and little Henry Stark were in Boise Sunday to visit Eunice Rockwood who is at St. Luke’s hospital.
— —

(ibid, page 5)
— — — —

The Caldwell Tribune. March 28, 1919, Page 7

Brier Rose

The Bequeath and McKnight families have the influenza in their homes.

Lt. Merle Howard spent the week end and part of this week helping his brother in Big Bend who is ill with influenza.

John Dennerline is seriously ill with pneumonia.

Mrs. H. E. Smith is on the sick list this week.

John Postuethwaite, Clisby Edelfsen and Paul Christopher have been having the mumps lately. John is back in school.
— —

Finney Hall

Gail Baldridge has been at home all the week with the mumps.

Elizabeth Hine has the mumps. Mr. and Mrs. Hine called at the hall Tuesday to consider taking her home, but decided to leave her in Mrs. Murphy’s care.

Edith McLaughlin went home Wednesday with mumps.

(ibid, page 7)
— — — — — — — — — — —

Dover, Idaho ca. 1920

Photo courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
— — — — — — — — — — —

The Oakley Herald. March 28, 1919, Page 1

Basin Items

Miss Edna Wells has been quite ill but is improving.

Miss Myrtle Martin has been confined to her bed for four days.

The farmers have begun to plow.

source: The Oakley Herald. (Oakley, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Oakley Herald. March 28, 1919, Page 6

Locals and Personals

The family of Henry Tanner, two miles north of Oakley, are recovering from the flu.

Frank McLaws, who lives north of Oakley has had the flu recently.

Mrs. Ed. Young, who lives three miles north of Oakley, is recovering from an attack of influenza.

The many friends of “Uncle” Phill Shaw were glad to see him out on the street again this week.
— —

Boulder

Mrs. Nelson has received word that her daughter, Mrs. Esther Olson, and the latter’s little daughter are very sick with the flu at Phoenix, Arizona.

H. P. Nelson has been very sick the last week, but is feeling better again.

The snow is almost gone. Everybody is rejoicing to see bare ground once more.

(ibid, page 6)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Idaho Republican. March 28, 1919, Page 2

Moreland

There are several cases of influenza in our community at the present time.
— —

Goshen

Andrew Anderson has been on the sick list this week.

Heber Killian was seriously ill Sunday evening, but has since recovered much strength.
— —

Sterling

The two small sons of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Grovatt are very ill.

source: The Idaho Republican. (Blackfoot, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Idaho Republican. March 28, 1919, Page 3

Local News

Probate Judge Good and Truant Officer Mrs. Grace Stevens made a county tour last week rounding up the kids on probation and setting them on the straight and narrow way.
— —

Moreland

The little daughter of Lee Moyer is very ill with tonsillitis and has been out of school for several days.

(ibid, page 3)
— — — —

The Idaho Republican. March 28, 1919, Page 4

Returns From Salt Lake Takes Down With The Flu

Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Rich returned from Salt Lake City, Saturday, with their two children. Mrs. Rich has been there with the kiddies for several weeks having them doctored by a specialist. On the day after her return, Mrs. Rich was taken ill with the flu, and is laid up with it.

(ibid, page 4)
— — — — — — — — — —

Shoshone Journal. March 28, 1919, Page 1

Extending The School Term

The Trustees of some of the school districts are contemplating extending the school term two or three weeks longer, in order to give the pupils more time in which to complete the year’s work.
— —

Died

Stanley Devon Grewell, infant son of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Grewell, died at the family home March 24, of pneumonia. The baby was two months old March 20th. Burial took place at Richfield cemetery.
— —

[Local News]

Miss Alice Borden had an operation performed on her throat last Saturday at the Dill hospital. She is now well on the way to recovery, but is short one pair of tonsils.
— —

Dietrich

Mrs. L. P. Mustard has been seriously ill the past week, but is now recovering.

Ira Towne, who has been suffering with a hard spell of sickness is now recovering, and hopes to be his former self again.

Mr. and Mrs. L. J Meservey are at Preston, Utah, attending the funeral of Mrs. Meservey’s sister and her daughter.

At the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Pavlick a babe was born to their daughter, Mrs. Julia Campbell last Friday, living only three days.

source: Shoshone Journal. (Shoshone, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Shoshone Journal. March 28, 1919, Page 5

Local and Personal News

Fred W. Gooding and wife, and their daughter, Mrs. D. Sidney Smith, will leave Long Beach, California, for Shoshone next Tuesday. Their homeward trip has been delayed on account of an attack of pneumonia on Mr. Gooding.

“Doc” Smith of Twin Falls died at his home there last Sunday after a long illness. He was one of the old timers in this section and was noted for many eccentricities of manner but was universally respected for his sterling qualities.

(ibid, page 5)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Idaho Recorder. March 28, 1919, Page 1

… Lew Wells Dies

… Gardner Wells, wife of … of Pahsimaroi, died in … Friday morning, March … pneumonia. On the previous … she gave birth to a child … at birth, and on Thursday … symptoms of pneumonia.
[Possibly buried in May Cemetery]
— —

Old Resident is Ill

Charles H. Reynolds is under hospital treatment in Salmon, being well taken care of by old friends, Billy Carpenter and R. W. McDonald. Mr. Reynolds is an old and highly esteemed resident of the county.
— —

This Priest’s Circuit Covers Five Hundred Miles

Rev. E. O. D. Hynes, pastor of the Catholic church of Salmon and having under his spiritual care small flocks of the faithful scattered widely over the two counties of Lemhi and Custer, perhaps has the most extensive circuit of missions found anywhere in the Northwest if not the most extensive in all the United States of America. To make the complete around of his pastorate he is required to travel over mountain roads and trails for most of the way perhaps 500 miles. His field covers all of Lemhi county and all of Custer but Mackay, which is served by the priest at Blackfoot. For the winter time of the year it would be out of the question for Father Hynes to make his rounds of pastoral calls complete over any but the well traveled roads and highways. During the past winter the quarantine against the epidemic somewhat restricted his visits even in the localities where deep snow did not bar his way.

It is for this reason that the busy season of this priest opens with the spring and summer months. As soon as his present Lenten services are over in the city he will be able to set forth on his regular far-flung lines of ministrations in the interior. He is now holding services twice a week in Salmon besides the regular Sunday masses as they are appointed here and elsewhere.

Father Hynes goes about his duties without ostentation and ministers to all wherever he finds ministrations needed, without regard to limitations or restrictions of creed. It was not long ago in the midst of the flu epidemic in Salmon that he hurried over one day to help the family of the minister of another communion when they were all stricken, offering to fetch in their wood and coal.

Father Hynes thinks the Salmon country is about the best he ever knew and has been zealous in his work always to say a good word for the community on every occasion that offers.
— —

When the Bottom Drops Out

Travelers report numbers of bad places in the road between Baker and Salmon and other spots in the lower Salmon road that are formidable holes. A car from the Bradley garage on the way to Gibbonsville on Monday mired itself and encountered others worse off and helpless. One traveler on this road said he saw a car sunk into the depths of a hole above the engine hood. There was a team kept all day Monday on the job at one place on the Baker road pulling out submerged cars. The commissioners are doing everything possible to relieve the situation temporarily until permanent repairs can be made.

source: The Idaho Recorder. (Salmon City, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Idaho Recorder. March 28, 1919, Page 3

Idaho State News

Tuberculosis will be scientifically tested in Idaho in the future through the medium of the two new tuberculosis hospitals, as Governor Davis has signed house bill No. 117, passed by the legislature, authorizing a tax levy to provide funds for their erection.

Idaho miners will not profit materially from a measure passed at the recent session of congress for the purpose of granting relief to those who made heavy expenditures with the view of producing rare metals urgently demanded for war use but virtually unmarketable in times of peace.

(ibid, page 3)
— — — —

The Idaho Recorder. March 28, 1919, Page 5

Salmon Locals

Mrs. P. J. Dempsey was down town on Wednesday for a car ride, the first visit she has made since her recent illness. Mrs. Dempsey is now well on toward the complete restoration to health after being kept at home since early in the winter.

U. S., Marshall Ish was in Salmon this week summing [sic] witnesses for a trial in United States district court now in session in Boise growing out of the quarantine in Custer county last winter. It was said that altogether about 20 witnesses were called. The trial is said to have arisen over the forcible ejection of a soldier sent into Custer county for draft work.

E. J. Bauman, another six-foot soldier boy, is back home at Patterson, having come in from Camp Fremont on Wednesday by way of Salmon. He enlisted from Challis and left that place August 8 last. He was in the camp hospital four weeks with a session with the flu, where there were 500 fatal attacks of the scourge. He was mustered out at Camp Lewis, coming directly home as soon as released. His father, J. J. Bauman lives in the Pahsimaroi valley. Young Bauman is now in splendid health and like all other soldiers returning from training, whether in camp or in field, is good to see.

(ibid, page 5)
— — — — — — — — — —

Main Street, Declo, Idaho

Photo courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
— — — — — — — — — —

Clearwater Republican. March 28, 1919, Page 1

Local News

Mrs. Celia Brown’s youngest son, who has been afflicted with the influenza, died Monday, and interment took place Tuesday. We are informed another one of her boys is sick. We extend our sympathy to the suffering family.

Ed Donath, our accommodating harness maker, departed for Spokane, Wednesday morning, to visit his wife, who is still under the doctors care.

Miss Vallie Noble went to Clarkston Saturday morning to visit with her parents and see her sister, Mrs. J. E. DeBaun, who we are informed, is gradually recovering.

Dr. Fairly had the misfortune to lose his faithful old horse Packline, this week. The doctor will have a hard time to find another such animal as the reliable Packline.

Jas. Tyra, of the Canyon Creek country, was in Orofino Monday, and reports snow fast disappearing in that section.

source: Clearwater Republican. (Orofino, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Clearwater Republican. March 28, 1919, Page 2

Saved by “Influenza Signals”

Helena, Mont. — The “influenza signal” in uninhabited spots is two rifle shots in quick succession, followed by a third at an interval. The signal saved W. L. Caldwell, a rancher of the Craig district, it was learned Monday. He was in the last stages of the disease when his shots brought neighbors. It is said he will recover.

(ibid, page 2)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Rathdrum Tribune., March 28, 1919, Page 3

Personal Mention

Dr. D. F. Hollister is out again, recovering from his illness.

John Stine and family of Ford, Wash., write that they have all been ill with the influenza but have recovered.

Mrs. Alta McIntosh is in Spokane taking treatments for complications following influenza from which she suffered during the early part of the winter.
— —

Local Paragraphs

Summer school is to be held in the Chilco and Ramsey-Garwood districts, to start April [?] and continue if possible until September. The schools have been closed the past winter on account of the epidemic conditions.

The aurora borealis were visible here several nights last week, marking the high point in the equinoxial period.

source: The Rathdrum Tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —

Cottonwood Chronicle. March 28, 1919, Page 1

Mrs. J. V. Baker and daughter Vivian are both confined to their home this week with severe cases of influenza. While the flue [sic] has taken a firm grip on these two patients nothing dangerous seems to be evident at this time and they are now slowly recovering from the same which will be welcome news to their many friends.
— —

News Around The State …

There seems to be a mild return of influenza epidemic in Lewiston, although no serious cases are reported. Quarantine regulations are being observed in these cases, but there is no official limitation on public activities.
— —

Set Shooting Case for Hearing

The date of the preliminary hearing in the case arising from the shooting of Miss Vesta Neapan by Mrs. Newton Otto at Whitebird last Saturday has been set for April 13, to be held before Probate Judge Wilbur L. Campbell. Owing to the prominence of both families the case is attracting wide attention throughout the country and especially in the Salmon river country where the parties connected with the trouble have resided for some time.

The bullet wound in Miss Neapan’s ankle is healing nicely according to reports.

Mrs. Otto, it is said, claims that she brandished the gun in an effort to compel Miss Neapan and Reggie Neapan to leave the Otto premises and that it was discharged accidentally.

source: Cottonwood Chronicle. (Cottonwood, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Cottonwood Chronicle. March 28, 1919, Page 5

Local News

Miss Minnie Lange is confined to her home this week with an attack of what seems to be influenza. She was taken down with the malady Wednesday.

Mrs. J. D. Shinnick, son Tom, and daughter Rose Mary are expected to arrive home next week. While in Lewiston, after Tom was able to leave the hospital, his sister was attacked with influenza which caused another delay.

Wilbur Box returned Thursday evening from Lewiston where he has been receiving medical treatment.

(ibid, page 5)
— — — —

Cottonwood Chronicle. March 28, 1919, Page 6

Cottonwood and Vicinity
Personal Mention and Local Happenings of the Week

P. A. Gaul was able to come up town last Monday afternoon for the first time since recovering from a severe attack of influenza followed by pneumonia and which has kept him confined to his home for the past six weeks.

Mrs. Peter Johann was an arrival Monday evening from her home at Culdesac and will spend several days at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Johann. Members of the Johann family have all been confined to bed with light attacks of sickness, excepting John, who has been acting as nurse, cook and etc. His mother comes up to relieve him from these duties.

Mrs. Felix Martzen accompanied by her husband and Dr. Shinnick was taken to Lewiston Thursday morning for the benefit of her health. Mrs. Martzen has just recently recovered from an attack of influenza which left her heart in a very weak condition. Her many friends hope that the change of climate will improve her health rapidly.

Dr. Orr returned Monday evening from Lewiston where he accompanied the 7-year-old daughter of Albert Nan of Ferdinand and there operated on the little girls. She has been very ill for several days with a severe attack of pneumonia and is recovering nicely from the effects of the operation according to the latest information received from the gateway city.

Mrs. J. B. Hattrup is suffering from a bad cold or light attack of the flu.

(ibid, page 6)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Kendrick Gazette. March 28, 1919, Page 1

At a meeting of the school board last Saturday night it was decided to enforce the truancy regulations. There have been a number of children who have not attended school since it closed down on account of the flu. The board feels that there is no further excuse and will expect every child of school age to attend, or be reported to the county officials.
— —

Southwick Items

The children of the Southwick school have been suffering from an epidemic that resembles mumps very much.
— —

Big Bear Ridge

Miss Evelyn Tesch closes a very successful term of school at Taney Friday.
— —

Leland News

Dr. Stoneburner was on sick duty a few days the early part of the week, but is reported convalescing.

Mr. A. H. Smith who has been on sick duty at home is again out, and able to take his place in the store.

Miss Helen Koepp is on the sick list at the home of her mother.
— —

School Notes

A number of cases of influenza have broken out in the high school again. Miss Payne took sick Monday evening.

source: The Kendrick Gazette. (Kendrick, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Kendrick Gazette. March 28, 1919, Page 8

Gleanings

The American ridge school closed this week on account of the flu. The Ben Callison family is all ill with the flu.

A number of cases of flu developed in Kendrick the first of the week. The epidemic is now confined to the following homes: Gentry, Rogers, Hanson and Miss Payne. There are also several cases on American ridge.

Jack Freeborn was again making this territory the first of the week after quite an extended absence, occasioned by an attack of pneumonia. He has a host of friends in this community who are very glad indeed to learn of his recovery.

(ibid, page 8)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Daily Star-Mirror., March 28, 1919, Page 1

Will of Asa V. Bradrick is Filed for Probate

In the probate court before Judge Nelson the will of Asa V. Bradrick, who died December 5, 1918 in Spokane of influenza, was filed leaving all the estate to his son, Asa W. Bradrick, of Latah county, who lived near Palouse. The son, Asa W. Bradrick, died of the same disease March 7, 1919, and his will is filed in the same court, leaving all the estate to his wife, Mattie Bradrick and she is appointed as executrix.

The estate consists of a farm and other property valued at about $30,000 in Latah county, besides large holdings in the state of Washington.

The father, Asa V. Bradrick, left $19,000 life insurance to his son, who carried $15,000 in favor of his wife, Mattie Bradrick.
— —

Former Moscow Girl Dies in Spokane

Mrs. Walter J. Keiser, formerly Miss Eveline Hasseltine of this city, died in Spokane Sunday, following a brief illness, and was buried in Greenwood cemetery Wednesday. …

source: The Daily Star-Mirror. (Moscow, Idaho), 28 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

The Daily Star-Mirror., March 28, 1919, Page 5

City News

Chas. Summerfield, deputy sheriff, returned today from St. Anthony. He reports the influenza as raging in that city, the industrial school being closed by quarantine the day he arrived.

Mrs. W. E. Wallace has just received word of the death of her nephew, Henry Clay, Jr., at Cobens, of pneumonia. Mr. Clay was a major in aviation and had been overseas since last August. He was an American ace, having downed eight German airplanes, and was on his way home when taken ill. He will be remembered by many Moscow friends, as he visited here with his mother when a mere lad.
— —

Pearly Childers Returns From Across Seas

Pearly Childers returned to Moscow yesterday from overseas. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Childers, live just north of Moscow. Mr. Childers was a telegraph operator at St. John, Wash., when he enlisted and his training in the army has been for a wireless operator of a pursuit aero-squadron. He was 13 months abroad, five of which were spent in training in England. He was in several air raids of the Germans inside the allied lines and has seen a number of aeroplanes fall in flames. The bombing plane was the Hanley-Page and carried four men, with two Liberty engines of 200 horse power each. They carry 18 bomb[s] weighing 150 to [sic] pounds each. Mr. Childers’ duty was to find directions and indicate where shells were to be dropped. He has been to the height of 12,000 feet. He states the conditions of the St. Nazaire, the port he sailed from, was very hard on the boys in the way of dampness and mud, the camps not being well located. This exposure brought on disease and 1300 soldiers were buried in one week from St. Nazaire.

Mr. Childers came home on the U. S. S. Mexico, which carried 2500 men and which was in the terrible storm reported by the press. Two men were lost by jams during the storm. They were 15 days coming across. Mr. Childers was mustered out at Camp Lewis. He is offered his former position with the railroad company.

(ibid, page 5)
— — — — — — — — — —

Drummond, Idaho (1)

Photo courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
— — — — — — — — — —

Evening Capital News., March 29, 1919, Page 5

Bethany Presbyterian

R. A. Finlayson, Pastor

… The annual congregational meeting of the church, which was held last Wednesday evening, was well attended. The splendid reports of the different departments of the church work were a surprise to many, who had not realized that much work was going on during the year, in spite of influenza and the war conditions. …

source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 29 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Evening Capital News., March 29, 1919, Page 6

Around Boise Valley Loop

M’Dermott

Mrs. Earl Coleman who has been in Boise for medical treatment returned to her home Wednesday.

Caldwell

M. T. Hargrove, the local real estate man, is reported quite ill.

Middleton

Mrs. W. D. Robinson, formerly of this place, is very ill with influenza at Nyssa, Ore.
— —

Under The Capitol Dome

Influenza In Institution

At the request of J. Fred Williams, superintendent, the state department of education sent three nurses to St. Anthony to assist in curbing the epidemic of Spanish influenza that has broken out in the industrial training school there. Nine cases have developed.
— —

First Death Reported

Walter Hoggan, aged 37, a resident of Rigby, is the first known victim of “sleeping sickness” in the state of Idaho. His death was reported to the state board of health.
— —

Idaho News In Brief

Twin Falls — J. W. Laubenheim, founder of the Saxon Motor Sales company here, is critically ill at his home from an attack of influenza, the second attack this year.

(ibid, page 6)
— — — —

Evening Capital News., March 29, 1919, Page 7

Red Cross Clothing Drive Ends in Success

The Red Cross clothing drive ended today. The final effort put forth by the committee to complete the allotment of 10 tons met with success and by tonight the big boxes will be packed ready for shipment to northwest headquarters at Seattle.

Seventeen automobiles driven by girls and manned with boy scout buglers and workers covered Boise and South Boise, with the result that load after load was brought to the receiving station and more women had to be called in to handle the packing. At 1 o’clock today it was estimated that the allotment had been reached and there is a probability that it may have been exceeded.

(ibid, page 7)
— — — — — — — — — —

The Daily Star-Mirror., March 29, 1919, Page 6

Grade Children Still Under Influenza Ban

Owing to the fact that there have been one or two new families quarantined with influenza each day for the last week, it will not be safe for the ban to be lifted on children of the grade school, Dr. Adair states to The Star-Mirror. As there have been no cases developed in the high school for some time, pupils of the high school will be permitted to attend Sunday school tomorrow and may attend picture shows if they desire, the first of next week. Dr. Adair states: “I would strongly advise against going to any public gathering where not necessary, because of the danger of causing the disease to appear again in epidemic form, and thus result in the schools being closed for the balance of the year. The danger still exists in Moscow the same as elsewhere. In St. Anthony, this state, 72 cases developed in 24 hours this week, necessitating the closing of the schools.

“There are several mothers in Moscow who are seriously ill with the disease, which was carried to them by their children, who contracted it in the grade schools.”

Flags were put up yesterday as follows: Hills, 246 North Washington; Barcherman, 220 North Howard. Each family has two cases. There continues to be a number of cases in families where the flags are still up.
— —

Army’s Health Excellent

Washington. — Health conditions in the army at home and abroad continue satisfactory, according to a report issued yesterday by the surgeon general for the week ending March 21. The report stated there was no unusual prevalence of disease at any camp or station within the United States, and that the non-effective list in the expeditionary forces had continued to decline and now was lower than similar rates in this country.

source: The Daily Star-Mirror. (Moscow, Idaho), 29 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — — — — — — — —

Jack Waite Mine, Duthie, Idaho (1)

Photo courtesy: the Mike Fritz Collection, History of Idaho (broken link)
— — — — — — — — — —

Evening Capital News., March 30, 1919, Page 9

Around Boise Valley Loop

Star

Mrs. Partridge, who has been nursing the infant child of Mr. and Mrs. Lee Kincaid at Middleton, returned home today.

Joe Kincaid was in Middleton Friday visiting his son and family. He reports his little grandson, who has been very ill, is much improved.

Meridian

Miss Vera Thomas is reported quite ill.

source: Evening Capital News. (Boise, Idaho), 30 March 1919. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress.
— — — —

Evening Capital News., March 30, 1919, Page 10

Over Half Inmates in Training School Down With the Flu
Within One Week Number of Cases Increased to 120 Including 14 Officers

The record in Idaho for rapid spread of influenza was reported Saturday to the state board of education from the Idaho Industrial Training school at St. Anthony. One week ago one case developed. Saturday there were 120 cases, some very serious. Besides over 100 inmates committed to that institution, 14 of the officials are down with the disease, and three members of the family of J. Fred Williams, medical superintendent, including Mrs. Williams.

During the recent state-wide epidemic of influenza the institution was closed either to new students coming in or inmates being discharged. The ban was raised in February and those who had been committed were admitted. It is believed one of them carried the flu into the institution. It would not be surprising if the 200 inmates and officials were all taken ill say school authorities.
— —

Two Tons Short in R. C. Clothing Drive; Will Collect Monday

The Boise district fell two tons short on making its quota of 10 tons in the refugee clothing campaign. Efforts to collect the additional tonnage will be made Monday.

This announcement was made Saturday night by Mrs. Harvey Short, chairman of the collection committee, who found when the clothing had all been weighed that there were 4000 pounds yet to be added to make the amount assigned to the Boise chapter of the Red Cross.

Early Saturday afternoon Mrs. Short was positive the amount would be raised by evening, but all of a sudden the machines failed to come in with such large loads as in the morning. The pace slackened and the quota failed.

Mrs. Short announces, however, that as yet the Boise chapter has never failed to give its full quota and the clothing campaign will be waged stranger than ever Monday to make up the slight deficiency and she wants everyone who can spare even one garment to respond. …

(ibid, page 10)
— — — —

Evening Capital News., March 30, 1919, Page 11

(ibid, page 11)
———————

Further Reading Offsite

Idaho Juvenile Corrections Center at St. Anthony

The Idaho Juvenile Corrections Center (1905), also know as the Industrial Reform School, at St. Anthony, Idaho, was designed by J. Flood Walker.
Date 31 March 1905 Source The Idaho Republican, March 31, 1905, pp 7
Wikimedia:
— — — — — — — — — —

JCC: The first 50 years

By Lynette Staker – Rexburg Standard Journal Jun 9, 2003

This is the first in a series of three stories highlighting the history of the state Juvenile Corrections Center west of St. Anthony as it celebrates its centennial.

Saturday, the Idaho Juvenile Corrections Center west of St. Anthony will celebrate its 100-year birthday with an open house.

And it’s been a long and interesting road from the start to the present.

The center started in 1903 as the Idaho Industrial Reform School after the Idaho Legislature passed a bill establishing an institution for the commitment of wayward youth.

According to information in “Snake River Echoes,” a publication of the Upper Snake River Valley Historical Society, the state decided the school would be located two or three miles from St. Anthony.

The determining criteria was the fertility of the soil, unlimited supply of water and being near the metropolis of the county where water works and electric lights could be supplied at a very reasonable cost.

A tract of land one-half mile west of the city was chosen on 200 acres. The purchase price was $8,500, or about $42.50 per acre. A Tudor gothic style school building was built in 1904, with power, lighting and a heating plant located in the basement of the building.

The industrial department of the building included the carpenter’s shop, shoe shop, steam laundry and cold storage. There was a culinary department in the rear of the basement, a chapel, public offices, dining rooms, dormitories, a sewing room, dressing room, shower and bath rooms and help’s quarters in the building as well.

In 1905, the Legislature decided to change the name of the school d to the Idaho Industrial Training School. And the school began a social calendar designed to bring the kids into a better environment, according to “Echoes.” The boys were allowed to go to town to watch a ball game between St. Anthony and Pocatello, and it was decided this was a successful experiment to show the group could go off campus without running away.

In 1911, the board of directors for the school purchased an additional 80 acres west of the school and had appropriated about $32,000 for this land and the construction of several more buildings on the original site. The shops would include a blacksmith shop, carpenter’s shop, tailor shop, laundry and more. The boys were allowed to work on construction of these buildings under the direction of a supervisor.

Governor James H. Hawley suggested the school was “one of the greatest, if not the greatest, institution in the state.”

The children at the school were taught practical and scientific farming, market gardening, horticulture, stationary and electric engineering, steam fitting, carpentry, masonry, concrete, irrigation, laundering, animal husbandry, dairying, sewing, domestic science, household economy, piano, voice, all stringed and wind instruments, elocution, public speaking, stenography, typewriting, commercial law, bookkeeping, pharmacy, nursing and athletics. Certainly, a variety of subjects kids these days would benefit from as well.

In the fall of 1923, the local newspaper noted there was a full operation of canning and dehydrating of food products to provide food for the officers and children of the school for the winter. Besides a garden, which provided fresh fruits and vegetables, the school also raised animals for meat at their facilities. There were chickens, rabbits, geese and ducks.

In July 1932 the state welfare director visited the school and noted they had 650 acres of land, with 600 under cultivation. There was a herd of 105 registered Holsteins which furnished plenty of milk and butter for the boys and girls. There were 235 boys at that time, and 70 girls.

The cost for maintenance of a student in the years 1941-1942 averaged $1070.11 per student. A survey taken for the boys and girls showed that most were admitted to the school for minor offenses, such as theft, truancy, incorrigibility and immorality for the boys. In the girls’ cases, the most common causes were truancy, incorrigibility, theft and immorality.

A unique approach for the development of the youths at the school was initiated by Maurice Pratt, who took over as head of the school and who planned to make athletics one of the chief instruments in rehabilitating the delinquent youth. He proposed these programs developed healthy bodies, good sportsmanship and relieved the emotional tension generated through a program of nothing but work, study and discipline.

Pratt’s philosophy was to have kindness replace discipline, but the emphasis was still to be on vocational training.

In 1953, 50 years after beginning, Winston Taylor became administrator. It was he who decided to bring in specialists trained in psychology, case workers and therapists, educators and vocational teachers. The idea behind this strategy was that through education, anyone could be made into a model citizen.

In the years since it started, things at the JCC, as it was later named, obviously have changed greatly.

“The main focus now is to deal with criminal behavior and to be able to refocus strengths that the juveniles have into socially acceptable behavior and to try to confront their criminal thinking and behavior,” says JCC Superintendent Jack Cordon.

He says that in the past, children were often placed at the center not only for criminal behavior, but because their parents placed them there because they were having difficulties with them or they were having trouble adjusting in the school setting.

He is also proud of the relationship the JCC has with the surrounding communities, something the center has not always had in the past.

Much of the information for this story is taken from information gathered for a JCC Centennial issue of “Snake River Echoes,” a publication of the Upper Snake River Valley Historical Society.

source:
— — — — — — — — — —

WWI Photos of St. Nazaire, France

Established in June 1917, the Naval Operating Base at St. Nazaire, France, began to receive American Expeditionary Forces that same month. The location was also the port where the U.S. Naval Railway Guns arrived for service. The west-coast port was disestablished after the war.

Sailors passing in review, celebrating first anniversary of America’s entry into the war. St. Nazaire, France on April 5, 1918.

Link: to photo gallery at the National Museum of the U.S. Navy
— — — — — — — — — —

A Cruel Wind: America Experiences Pandemic Influenza 1918-1920 a Social History

A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Division of the Humanities in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History
By Dorothy Ann Pettit The University of New Hampshire December 1976

Abstract

In terms of human mortality, the influenza pandemic of 1918 to 1920 overshadowed World War I. Within the course of less than a year, influenza claimed the lives of twenty million human beings, more lives than all of the battlefield deaths. Although more than a half-million Americans died from the disease and its sequelae during that period, those who have written the history of the twentieth century have, with few exceptions, given only cursory attention to the pandemic. Historians have especially neglected any consideration of the effect of the pandemic upon the mood or psychological state of the nation. One writer after another has described postwar America as a tired nation, but tired in a spiritual, rather than in a physical, sense. This study suggests that the widespread postwar apathy was as much the result of a lingering physical sickness as it was a general spiritual depression. After all, almost every family felt the effects of the pandemic.

The influenza pandemic that began in 1918 was special for several reasons. First, wartime conditions kept the existence of the new strain of flu a secret longer than might have occurred under ordinary circumstances. Pneumonia deaths in the nation’s army camps were already abnormally high before the respiratory plague began its march across the globe. And even as the virus was prostrating hundreds of thousands of victims in Europe in the spring of 1918, Americans tried to convince themselves that the “Spanish flu” had to be the result of inadequate nutrition, a war-related disease that would remain across the ocean. Thus, when a second wave of the new strain of influenza struck the American nation in the fall of 1918, the result was panic and confusion. Physicians did not know if they were dealing with an entirely new disease or if their patients had the more familiar “grippe.” Nor was there any antidote that seemed to provide relief. Second, the disease had the highest mortality rate among the twenty-to-forty-year-olds, the group ordinarily considered to be the healthiest and sturdiest members of society. This penchant for young adults only increased the universal uneasiness and fear of the disease. Finally, when flu came with a special fury in the fall of 1918, it remained at an epidemic level for a remarkably long time— thirty-one weeks Churches, theaters, and places of public amusement and assembly were ordered closed for weeks and sometimes months at a time. Campaign strategies for the off-year elections had to be radically altered. And when the war came to an end in November, influenza struck those who made the peace. The spring following the Armistice was an unhealthy time on both sides of the Atlantic, as it was the following year in 1920, when a third major wave of influenza claimed nearly another one hundred thousand American lives. …

(page 11-12)

Chapter IV
(excerpts)

… Gen. Peyton C. March, whose task it was to see that the A.E.F. grew in might as quickly as possible, cabled General Pershing on October 10: “If we are not stopped on account of influenza, which has passed the 200,000 mark, you will get the replacements and all shortages of divisions up to date by November 30.” The very week March sent that telegram, four our of every thousand men in the United States cantonments died of influenza and its complications. Pershing, meanwhile, was cabling for additional hospital units to be sent abroad. Finally, on October 23 March had to wire the A.E.F. chief: “Epidemic has not only quarantined nearly all camps, but has forced us to cancel or suspend nearly all draft calls….Only a few thousand replacements for November are in service….” Two days later, March cabled Pershing again that every man at Fort Oglethorpe who was available for overseas duty was being sent. The personnel officer March had sent to the Fort “took all men out of organizations far down on priority to fill organizations high on priority,” all, that is, who were not in the clutches of disease.

Yet, if the army personnel from Fort Oglethorpe and other camps were healthy when they boarded the transports bound for Europe, too many of them died before the vessels docked on the other side. While the pandemic raged, a total of 789 deaths occurred on the transports and cruisers. Only a small number, twenty-eight, were buried at sea; the rest were either interred abroad or returned for stateside services. Naval statistics showed that 8.8 per cent of the troops who sailed during the autumn months became ill, and of those who had cases of influenza or pneumonia, 5.9 per cent died. The army’s death rate for the voyages was 0.57 per cent, which means one out of every two hundred men died in transport that fall.

Medical officers in both the army and the navy urged at the height of the pandemic that the flow of troops be temporarily suspended, but the movement remained on schedule. Consequently, September through November was a grim period for the navy. Gangplank medical inspections became the rule for those boarding the transports, but these efforts were at best only partially successful. During the September voyage of the George Washington, as many as 450 men were refused permission to board the vessel. Nevertheless, on the second day out, 550 victims of influenza reported to sick call. By the time the vessel arrived in Brest, there had been 131 cases of pneumonia and 77 deaths. According to one account of the voyage, 101 ailing soldiers were sent to base hospitals upon arrival, “and the remainder of the troops went ashore cheering and in fighting trim.”

On the other hand, the experience of the men on the U.S.S. Leviathan, which sailed from Hoboken on September 29, would suggest that those who disembarked on the other side were not always in “fighting trim.” On that ship’s voyage to France, two thousand of the approximately nine thousand soldiers in transit developed influenza, and ninety-one died before the vessel reached Brest. Those who disembarked in the French port found a storm raging, and camp a long four miles away. Without some heroic efforts on the part of Lieut. Com. W. Chambers, M.C., U.S. Navy, who realized that many of the men were too unwell to march that far, many more than four would have been found dead along the roadside. His naval rescue mission picked up 150 influenza and 80 pneumonia victims, and another 370 men convalescing from influenza, along the road— a total of 600 men, all of them too exhausted to continue the march to camp.

In the midst of the pandemic, a transport convoy composed of the U.S.S. President Grant, Mongolia, Rijndum, Antigone, Pastores, Wilhelmina, and Princess Matoika arrived at St. Nazaire. During the crossing 2,600 men became ill. The senior medical officer on the President Grant said that the conditions on board ship had reminded him of the pneumonic form of bubonic plague. Those who died before the convoy docked numbered 246. Considering that another 204 men died later on shore, the true number of deaths for the convoy might more accurately have been put at 450. Moreover, many of the stricken men who survived the epidemic had to be shipped directly back to the States.

Other vessels arrived in Europe during the fall with fewer cases of influenza and pneumonia reported in transit, but the Battle of the Flu lay ahead. Transport No. 56 — the Olympic — arrived at Southampton towards the end of September. The troops on board had escaped infection in the States, and only nine men developed flu on the crossing. However, when the men were held in Southampton Harbor for twenty-four hours before disembarking, a total of 384 cases of the disease developed. Many of the men were severely affected, frequently showing a temperature of 105 degrees at the onset. Men on guard duty were literally dropping in their tracks. The whole shipment of troops consequently left for a rest camp on a nearby English hillside. Within a week 1,900 cases of influenza developed, with hundreds of cases of pneumonia, and 119 deaths. The medical officer who had been in charge on the crossing escaped the flu — for the time being, that is. Some weeks later on November 16, the day after his arrival at the Neufchateau medical headquarters, he reported sick with chills and a temperature of 103.6 degrees. An ambulance quickly carted the shivering physician off to Hospital No. 18 in Bazoilles. …

link: to full paper The University of New Hampshire Scholars’ Repository
——————

Further Reading

Back to Idaho 1918-1920 Influenza Pandemic
Table of Contents

page updated Feb 9, 2014