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THE -·-BOTANTCAL_SQCIETY 

AN'D EX"C.HA NG--E::CL}U~'B' 

'OF THE BRITISH TSLES. 

REPORT 

,(WITH BALANyE-SHEET FO~ ,l!H~i;: 

BY THE, 

SEC~~TARY; , 

'G~~ CLARID"q.E,19RUQE;~tL,D:, 

TliEASURERAND', EX-PRESIDENT, OF THE ASHMOLEANNATURAL,' 

, ~k'" ~~S;rO~Y SOCIETY'OF 0XF?,RDSHlRE, < ' 

VI,CE-PRES., GILBERT 'W:fIi:TB;'f'ELLOWSW~;

_,_I , 

", ' 

SCIENTiF"le PERIODICALS 

. .,' ' . '. - .', . -.. ' '. ~ 

' ... AND.eooKs .•... 

f " 

I~ . 

MessrsW.:Heffer. & .. S9ns . Ltd., ", 

'. . Booksellers, . CAMBRIDGE, . . 

will be . glad to receive9ffers of 

. Second;handBooks,;iImiJournals, .. 

. includingC()m,piete Libraries, f()r .,' 

..' .' which they ate prepared to : offer ' ..... 

'fulLmatket , price' and'pas ~ash. ' 

They' will also b~glad·to have 

. '. . enqtiiries forboth N,ew and SecO'l1d,. 

,hand· B09ks, Englishan'dF oreign;of .. , 

," w hieb theY carry an immeJ}se stock.,·· 

. .' ': ~ -," --' ~ ,", . ,-' ~', 

..... NEARLY READY . 

•. 'Catalogue 191,jn.c1p.ding~n im~ 

'poitant ':collection . of' Botani(al .' 

. Books' ,from' thelibrarv of an' 

em:inentProfessor. "~Postfree< 

.Copies·of Mts Gr~goiY's "British Violets" ~an.. stlll 

. he ,supplied. . . . 

. ' Licensed Valuers for Probate. 

. .' Telegra~. and Cabies:. "HeIfer," Ca;nbridge. 

'. Telepholle 862 (2 lines). . . 

.. , 

,"/ : 

( "

THE BOTANICAL SOCIETY 

AND EXCHANGE CLUB 

OF THE BRITISH ISLES. 

(VOL. VI. PART 1.). 

REPORT FOR 1920 

BY THE 

SECRETARY, 

G. CLARIDGE DRUCE, 

to whom, at YARDLEY ROAD, 9 CRICK ROAD, OXFORD, the Subscription, 12s 6d 

per annum, and Non-Contributing Members' Subscription of 10s per annum, 

should be paid on and after January 1, 1921. . 

Exchange Club Parcels for 1921 should be sent post paid, on or before 

1st December 1921, to 

DR E. N. THOMAS, 

The Keeper, Department of Botany, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 

who . with Miss VACHELL, F.L.S., and Mr A. E. WADE, 

will act as Distributors and Editors of the Report. 

I 

1 

1 

PRINTED BY T. BUNCLE & Co., ARBROATH. 

September 1921. 

PRICE 10/- 

. ,." 

I 1 

J 

[The Editor does not hold himself responsible for statements 'Ln 

Signed Contributions.] 

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 

'J 

~ 

".i' 

er' 

, ,.; 

...... :"J

· " 

PATRONESS. 

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS ROYAL. 

HONORARY MEMBERS. 

CHARLES BAILEY, M.So. 

DR G. RITTER BECK VON MANNAGETTA UND LERCHENAU. 

DR GUSTAVE BEAUVERD. 

DR N. L. BRIT TON. 

DR K. DOMIN. 

PROF. M. H. FERNALD. 

DR W. O. FOCKE. 

PROF. P. P. GRAEBNER. 

EMER. PROF. E. HACKEL. 

PFARRER G. KUKENTHAL. 

PROF. eARL LINDMAN. 

J. H. MAIDEN, 1.S.O., J.P., F.R.S. 

PROF. J. MASSART. 

DR S. MURBECK. 

PROF. C. H. OSTENFELD. 

PROF. C. SCHROETER. 

DR A. TE:ELLUNG. 

DR J. VON STERNECK. 

DR R. VON WETTSTEIN. 

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 

ARTHUR BENNETT, A.L.S. 

F. ARNOLD LEES, M.R.C.S: 

RICHARD F. TOWNDROW, A.L.S.

CONTENTS. 

LIST OF MEMBERS, - 4 

BALANCE-SHEET, 9 

SECRETARY'S REPORT, 9 

PLANT NOTES FOR 1920: 

Lathyrus niger Bernh., by the Editor, 19 

Angelica sylvestris L., by C. E. Britton, - 23 

New Species of Dandelions, by H. Dahlstedt, - 28 

Plantago maritima L., by the Editor, 36 

Epipactis, by Rev. T. Stephenson, D.D., and T. A. Stephenson, 

M.Sc., 44 

NOTES ON PUBLICATIONS: 

The British Oharophyta, by J ames Groves, F.L.S., and 

Oanon George Bullock-Webster, 66 

The Oambridge British Flora, by C. E. Moss, D.Sc., - 75 

Rubi Europea, by H. Sudre, 87 

OBITUARIES, 

93 

John Gilbert Baker. 

A. Montgoinerie Bell. 

Henry Olarke. 

N athaniel Oolgan. 

Reginald Farrer. 

John R. Jackson; A.L.S. 

Lord Moreton. . 

Rev. William Moyle Rogers. 

George Stanton. 

Frank William Stedman. 

NEW OOUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS, 108 

BRITISH FORMS OF OENTAUREA JACEA L., by 0. E. Britton, - 163 

VIOLET NOTES IN 1920, by E. S. Gregory, 174 

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES, 175 

CORRECTIONS, - 177 

SUPPLEMENT: 

Bursa-pastoris Weber, by G. C. Druce, . 179 

The English Capsella Bursa-pastoris.· New species, by E. 

Almquist, . 191

LIST OF MEMBERS. 

AcJ.and, H. Dyke, F.L.S. 

Adair, Gilbert. 

Adams, Mrs H. Isabel, F.L.S. 

Adams, J. H. 

'Ada.mson, R. S., M.A. 

Adeane, The Hon. Mrs (1921). 

Ainsworth, Lady Edina. 

Allchin, F., M.A. 

Allen, Ernest S. 

Allen, Miss Barbara. 

Allen, G. Stafford. 

Alston, Rev. F. S., M.A. 

Arnett, J. E. 

Ascherson, Mrs Paul. 

Asbmolean Natural History Society of 

Oxford. 

Assheton, Mrs. 

Atherley, Mrs. 

Attenborough, T. W., M.P.S. 

Bacon, Miss Gertrude. 

'Bailey, Charles, M.Se. 

Baker, E. Gilbert, F.L.S. 

Baker, H. 

*Balfour, Pro!. Sir L Bayley, F.R.S. 

Ball, Henry, J.P., F.L.S. 

Barclay, W. 

Baring, Hon. Mrs Guy. 

Barrett, Alfred. 

'Barton, W. C., M.A. 

Bateson, Pro!. W., F.R.S., V.M.H. 

Beaumont, Hon. Agatha. 

Bedford, E. J. 

Bell, Rev. W. M. 

Bella.my, F. A., M.A., F.R.A.S. 

Bennett, Rev. F., M.A. 

Bennett, S. A. 

Bentinck, Lady Charles. 

Bentinck, Lady Olivia. 

Benwell, Rev. E., M.A. 

Berkeley, Mrs. , 

Bevan', Rev. P., M.A. 

'Bickham, S. H., J.P., F.L.S. 

Birmingham City Library. 

Birmingham Natural History & Philosophical 

SOCiety. 

Bird, Mrs G. 

Bishop, E. B. 

Blackford, Dr G. V. {1921}. 

Blow, T. Bates, F.L.S. 

Boissier, The Herbarium. 

Bonaparte, H.H. Prince Roland. 

Bourne, Miss. 

Bournemouth Natural Science Society. 

Boys, J. C. A. 

Branson, F. W., F.I.C. 

Bridges, Dr R., J;>oet Laureate. 

Brighton Museum. 

*Britton, C. E. 

Brock, J. 

*Brown, G. C. 

Brothers, H., N. 

Bryce, Viscount {1921}. 

Bucknall, 'Cedrlc, B.Mus. 

*Bur(}on, Rev. Prebendary R. J. 

Burton, Richard F. 

Butler, Mrs A. 

Buxton, Rev. J. F., M.A. 

Cadbury, Mrs. 

Callaghan, Mrs. 

Carr, Prof. J. W., M.A., F.L.S., Nottingham'Library. 

Cator, Miss Diana. 

Chamberlain, Miss. 

Champneys, Mrs Basil. 

Charterhouse Library. 

Cheesman, W. Norwood, J.P., F.L.S. 

* Chester, George. 

Chippe,rfield, W. Stanley. 

Claye, Rev. A: D., D.D. 

Clarke, W. G., F.G.S. 

Claridge, Miss. 

Church, A. H., F.R.S., D.Sc. 

CObbe, Miss A. B. 

Cobbe, Miss M. 

Codrington, Lieut. J. A. 

Coles, Miss. 

Colville, Mrs. 

'Comber, J. 

Colman, Sir Jeremiah (1921). 

~Corstorphine, R. H., B.Sc. 

'Corstorphine, Mrs. 

Cory, Regillald, V.M.H. 

Craib, Prof. W. G., D.Sc. 

'Creed, Lieut. R. S., B.A. 

CoWs, Miss. 

Cross, E. R. 

Crutwell, Rev. E. C. 

'Cryer, John

I 

"-) 

'Cumming, L., M.A. 

CUl'tis, Sir Roger, Bt. 

Daltry, H. W. 

Darbishire, Prof. O. V., F.L.S. 

Davidson, W. 

Davy, Lady. 

Debenham, Mrs. 

Dent, Mrs. 

Dixon, H. N., F.L.S. 

Docker-Drysdale, W., d.P. 

Douie, Lady. 

*Downes, Harold, M.B., F.L.S. (1921). 

Drabble, Eric, D.Se., F.L.S. 

Druee, Franeis, M.A., F.L.S. 

'Druce, G. Claridge, M.A., LL.D. 

Drummond, Miss M. 

Drummond, Mrs. 

Drummond, d. Ramsay, B.A., F.L.S. 

Dunn, H. A. Ha=ond, F.L.S. 

*D'Urban, W. S. M .. 

Dymes, T. A., F.L.S. 

Egerion, Miss Dorothy. 

Elliott, Clarence (1921). 

Ellis, Edgar W. 

Elphinstone, The Baroness. 

Elwes, Henry d., F.R.S. 

Evans, Mrs. 

Evans, A. H., M.A. 

Evans, H. A., M.A. 

Evans, W. Pawrson. 

Ewing, dames L., LL.D. 

Ewing, Mrs P. 

Everitt, J. G., M.P.S. 

Falkner, d. Meade, M.A. 

Farr, E. H., M.P.S., F.L.S. 

Farrer, dames, d.P. (1921). 

Farrer, Mrs. 

Fife, H.R.H. the Duchess of. 

Fiennes, Hon. Mrs Ivo. 

Flintoff, R. d. (1921). 

Foggitt, d. R. 

Foggitt, T. d. 

Fortescue, The Countess. 

Fortescue, W. Irvine, M.B., C.M. 

'Fox, Rev. prebendary H. K, M.A. 

Franklin, d. Mauriee. 

Fraser, J. 

Fry, Miss. 

Gainsborough, The Earl of. 

Gamble, d. S., M.A., F.R.S., C.I.E. 

Gambier-Parry, T. R., M.A. 

Gardner, C. E., D.L. 

Gasking, Rev. S., LL.D. 

Geldart, Miss. . 

Glyn, The Hon. Mrs Maud. 

Goddard, H. d. 

Godden, Mrs. 

Godman, Miss E. 

Godfery, Colonel Masters d., F.L.S. 

Goodyer, T. E. 

Goulding, R. W. 

Gourlay, Capt. W. Balfour. 

Graham, Mrs. 

Graham, R. D. 

Graveson, A. W., B.A. 

Graveson, W. 

Gray Herbarium. 

Gray, Henry. 

Greaves, A. E. 

Green, T. H. 

Green, H. L. 

GreenWOOd, W. G. 

Greeves, d. R. H. 

Gregor, Rev. A. G., M.A. 

Gregory, Mrs. 

Grenfell, Miss. 

Grey, Mrs. 

Grierson, Et. 

Griffin, W. H. 

* Griffith, d. E. 

Grinling, C. H., M.A. 

Groves, James, F.L.S. 

Groves, W. E., F.L.S. 

Gwatkin, R. G. 

Haggart, D. 

*Haines, d. W. (1921). 

Hall, Albert E. 

Hall, Rev. Charles, M.A. 

Hall, Herbel't H. 

Hall, Leslie B., F.L.S. 

'Hall, Patriek, RA. 

'Hamer, David, M.A. 

'Hanbury, F. d., F.L.S. 

Hareourt, Viscount. 

Harford, Major W. A. 

Harley, dohn, M.D., F.L.S. 

Harris, Rev. G. H., M.A. 

Harris, G. W. H. 

Harrison, A. Orfeur. 

Harrison, d. W. Heslop-, D.Se. 

Haughton, Dr J. W. 

Hawley, Sir H. C., Bt. 

Hayllar, H. F. 

Haynes, Miss. 

Haynes, Gerald, M.A. 

*Hayward, Miss Ida, F.L.S. 

Headlam, Rev. Canon, D.D. 

Heaton, S. 

Hellon, Robert. 

Henley, Hon. F. R. 

Henry, Prof. Augustine, F.L.S. 

Hepburu, Sir Archibald Buehan", Bt. 

Hiem, W. P., M.A., F.R.S. 

Higgens, J. W. R. 

Hillard, Miss. 

Hills, WaIter, F.C.S. 

Holford, Sir George, C.V.O. 

Horrell, E. Charles. 

'Horwood, A. R., F.L.S.

Hosking, A: J. 

Howard, D. Lloyd, F.C.S. 

Howarth, W. O. 

Hjldson, Rev. J. Clare, M.A. 

Hull Museum. 

Humphreys, John, F.L.S., F.G.S. 

*Hurst, C. P. 

Ingilby, The Hon. Lady. 

Jack, James, F.L.S. 

*Jackson, A. Bruce, A.L.S. 

Jackson, B. Daydon, Ph.D., R.N.O. 

F.L.S. 

James, W. E. C. 

*Jenkins, T. J. 

Jersey, The Countess. 

Jeyes, Miss. 

Jeyes, F. J. 

Jeyes, Jack (1921). 

Jolmson, W., M.P.S. 

Jolmston, Lt.-Col. H. Halero, M.D., 

D.Se., C.B., F.L.S. 

Jones, D. A., M.Se. 

Jones, E. Marsden, F.L.S. 

Jones, H. Humphrey, Ph.C., F.L.S, 

Jones, W. H. 

Keeble, Prof. F., F.R.S., O.B.E. 

Kennedy, R. 

Kew, H. Wallis. 

King, Bolton, M.A. 

Knight, H. H. 

Knowling, Mrs. 

" 

M'Kechnie, H. 

M'Kenna, The Hon. Mrs R. 

Manchester Free Library. 

Mallinson, Mrs. 

Manfield, Henry, ,M.P. 

*Marquand, Cecil, B.A. 

Marriott, St John. 

Martin, Miss I. H. 

Mason, Lady Evelyn. 

Mason, Rev. W. Wright. 

Matthews, J. R., M.A., F.L.I. 

*Melville, J' cosmo, M.A., D.Se., F.L.S. 

Mexborough, The Countess of. 

Mildmay, The Hon. Mrs. 

Miller, W. 

Miller, W. D. 

Milne, James F. 

Milne, R. H. 

Mills, F. 

Monckton, H. W., F.L.S. 

Montgomry, A. S. 

Mooney, Miss. 

Moore, Sir Frederick W., M.R.I.A. 

Morgan, G., F.R.C.S. 

Morris, Rev. Alan C., M.A. 

Murray, V. E. 

Murray, Rev. Aelfric' E. 

Neild, Miss A. M. 

Nicholson" C. 

Nicholson, W. A. 

Nicholson, W. E., F.L.S. 

Noel, Miss (1921). 

Northumberland, The Duchess of. 

Lacaita, C. C., F.L.S. 

Laffan, Rev. J. de C. (1921). 

Laidlaw, F. F., M.R.C.S. 

Lamb, Joshua. 

Landon, Miss, B.Sc. 

Lascelles, Sir Alfred. 

Latour, The Countess EUs. de Baillet. 

Leach, T. H. de Blois. 

Legge, Lady Joan. 

Leith, Mrs Alexandra. 

*Lester-Garland, L. V., M.A.; F.L.S. 

Level'hulme, Lord. 

Lindsay, Mrs. 

*Little, J. E., M.A. 

Loder, G. W. E., LL.B., F.S.A., F.L.S. 

Loder, R. B. 

Lothiniere, Mrs de. 

Lowther, The Right Hon. J. (';I'he 

Speaker). 

Luff, Mrs (1921). 

Lumb, D. 

Maconchy, G. E. C. 

Mackenzie, Roderick, M.A., J.P. , 

M'Lean, Prof. R., D.Se. 

M'Gill, J' F. M. (1921). 

M'Lachlan, J., M.A., M.D. 

Ogle, B. Saville, M.A., J.P. 

O'Kelly, P. B. 

'O'Malley, Lady. 

O'Rooke, Rev. H. W. L., M.A. 

OsIer, Lady. 

Oxford City. 

Page, H. 

,Patey, W. E. 

Patton, Donald, M.A., B.Sc. 

Payne, L. G. 

Peacock, Rev. Adrian Woodruffe-, M.A. 

*Pearsall, W. H. 

pearson, A. A., F.L.S. 

Pease, Mrs Howard. 

Peck, Miss C. L. 

Peck, Major Savile, M.A. 

Pennyeoste, Miss Honor (1921). 

*Percival, Pro.f. J" F.R.S. 

Perrin, Mrs H. 

Phillips, Prof. R. W., M.A., D.Se. 

Plymouth, The Earl of. 

Plymo.uth Museum. 

Pomeroy, Miss. 

Porter, Lieut. H. E. L. 

Portsmouth, The Countess of. 

Post, Miss Elizabeth.

Powell, H. 

Powell, Miss M. T. 

Pram, Sir David, F.R.S. 

Priestley, Prof. J. H., B.Sc., F.r..S. 

Pugsley, H. W., B.A., F.L.S. 

Rana, H.H. the Raj Bhawani Singh 

Bahadur of Jhalawar. 

Ransom, F., F.C.S. 

Rayner, J. F. 

Rayner, Dr Olive C. 

Rea, Carleton, B.C.L. 

Reading Natural History Society. 

Redgrove, H. Stanley, B.Sc. 

'Rendle, Dr A. B., F.R.S. (Brit. Mus.). 

Reynolds, Rev. E. M., M.A. 

Richards, Paul. 

Richards, Miss Lucy E. (1921). 

'Riddelsdell, Rev. H. J., M.A. 

Ridge, W. Boydon, B.Sc. 

Ridley, H. N., M.A., C.M.G. 

Ridley, Miss F. L: 

Rilstone, F. 

Roberts, Alex. F. 

Robertson, The Right Rev. Bishop A. 

'Robinson, Frederick. 

Robinson, W., V.P.H. 

Robley, Miss Anna. 

Roffey, Rev. J., M.A. 

'Roper, Miss I. M., F.L.S. 

Rose, Lady. 

Rothschild, Lord, D.Sc., F.R.S, 

Rothschild, The Hon. Charles, D,L. 

Russell, E. J., D.Sc. 

Russell, Lady Victoria. 

Russurim, Mrs (1921). 

Salisbury, E. J., D.Se., F.L.S. 

Salisbury, F. S., M.A. (1921). 

'Salmon, C. E., F.L.S. 

Sanderson, James, J.P. 

Sanderson, Rev. Finlay. 

Sandwith, Mrs. 

Sangster, Miss. 

Saxby, T. Edmondston, J.P., F.R.P.S. 

(1921). 

Sco·tt, C. N., ·M.R.C.S. 

Scott, Dr H. Dukinfield, Ph.D., i.R.s. 

'Scully, R. W., F.L.S. 

Seeley, W. F. A. 

Seymour, Lady Blanche. 

ShephBrd, Miss MuriBl. 

Sherrin, W. R. 

'Shoolbred, W. A., M.R.C.S., F.L.S. 

Si mons, Miss PhoebB. 

Singer, C., M.D. 

Small, Prof. James, D.Sc., F.L.S. 

Smith, Noel, M.A. 

Smith, Dr W. G. 

Smith, W. W., D.Sc. 

S9merville, Prof. W., M.A., D.Sc. 

Soper, A, 

SoutbJall, A. W, 

Stair, The Countess of. 

Stanley, Lady Kathleen. 

Stansfield, F. W., M.R.C.S. 

Starr, Dr. 

Stelfox, A. W., M.R.LA. 

Stephens, ;T. H. 

Stechert, G. E. 

'Stephenson, Rev. T., D.D. 

St Quintin, W. H., J.P. 

Stone, Rev. F., M.A. 

Sutton, Messrs. 

Swainton, E. W. 

Talbot, George, KC. 

Talbot, Miss. 

Taylor, Miss Beatrice. 

Temperley, N. 

Templeman, Andrew. 

Tennant, Hon. Stephen. 

Thatcher, Mrs. 

Thomas, Miss Ethel, D.Sc. 

Thurn, Sir Everard im, KC.M.G. 

Thurston, Edgar, C.I.E. 

Thompson, Mrs. 

Thomson, Miss Agnes C. 

Todd, Miss. 

Toke, Charles H. 

Tracy, Hon. Mrs Hanbury. 

'Travis, W. G., B.Sc. 

Trethewy, A. W., M.A., J.P. 

Trollope, H. 

Trow, Principal A. H., D.Sc., F.L.S. 

'Trower, Miss Alice. 

Turner, G. Cresswell, F.L.S. 

Tulk, Miss May A. A. 

Turrill, W. B., M.Sc. 

Vachell, Miss E., F.L.S. 

Vaughan, E. 

Vaughan, Rev. Canon, D.D 

Vevers, Capt. G. H. 

'Vigurs, C. C., M.D. 

Vincent, C. F., M.A. 

Vines, Sidney H., F.R.S., D.Sc. 

Vivian, Miss Clarice. 

VOigt, M. Alban: 

'Wade, Arthur E. 

Wales Museum. 

Walker, H., M.P.S. 

'Wall, T. J. (1921). 

Wallis-Wilson, Mrs. 

Washington, Dept. of Agriculture. 

'Waterfall, C., F.L.S. 

Watson, W. 

Webb, J. Arthur, B.A. 

Webster, Alfred. 

Webster, Rev. Canon G. R. Bullock-. 

Webster, G. 

Wedgwood, Mrs. 

Weiss, Pro!. F. K, ,F.R.S.

--- -- ---------------- .. -----.. ----- 

Wey~, Col. Bates van de (1921). 

Wheelwright, Miss Edith, F.L.S. 

~Wheldon, J. A., F.L.S. 

Whymper, Lieut; R., F.L.S. 

~White, J. Walter, F.L.S. 

Whyte, J. S. 

Wilks, Rev. W. 

Wilkinson, J. G. 

Wilkinson, Miss Agatha (1921). 

Williams, Miss Ethel M. 

Williams, Miss Lavender. 

'Williams, F. N., F.L.S. 

Williams & Norgate. 

WilIiamson, R. H. (1921). 

Willmott, Miss E. A., F.L.S., V.M.H. 

Wills, G. S. V., Ph.C., F.R.B.S. 

'Wilson, A., F.L.S., etc. 

Winches~ College Library. 

Wise, W., F.L.S. 

·Wolley.. Dod, Lt.-Col. A. H. 

Wood, Hon. Mrs Evelyn. 

Wotton, Miss Mabel E. 

Woodhead, Pro!. T. W., Ph.D. 

Wren, R. C., F.L.S. 

Yapp, Prof. R. Y., M.A., F.L.S. 

Young, F. S., M.A. (1921).

THE 

BOTANICAL SOCIETY & EXCHANGE CLUB 

OF THE BRITISH ISLES. 

THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY & TREASURER 

G. CLARIDGE DRUCE, YARDLEY LODGE, OXFORD, 

FOR 1920. 

BALANCE-SHEET FOR 7979. 

Subscriptions receiYed, £11918 0 

Sales of Reports and Advertisements. 

18 3 6 

Balance due to Treasurer, 24 6 5' 

Balance due from 1918, - £5 1 3 

Printing Reports, &c., 137 12 6 

Expenses of Distribution, 

Postages, Carriages, Stationery. 

2 15 6 

&c., 16 18 8 

£162 7 11 

£162 7 11 

Life Members' Fund, £55 7s; invested (at cost), £35; in hand, £20 7s. 

Audited and found correct, January 26, 1920.-F. TWINING. 

All subscriptions should be paid to the above address on the 

first of January each year or to the account of G. C. Druce in the 

London County, Westminster and Parr's Bank, Oxford Branch. 

Payment in advance for two or more years saves much trouble and 

expense. Ordinary Member's Subscription, 10/- ; Exchange 

Member's Subscription, 12/6 ; Entrance Fee, 5/-. 

A necessary increase of the price of the subscription, caused by 

the heavy inorease in the cost of printing, pa,per and postage, has 

had to be made. As it is, the subscription barely covers the cost of 

production and there is much leeway to overtake. The Supplement 

on " The Dubious Plants of Britain," which appeared in last 

Report, was costly and ought to ha,ve been held over, but as it was 

in type it was included." This caused a heavy deficit. Strong pressure 

has been made to bring out interim Reports, but under the 

present conditions such a course must be postponed_

10 REPORT FOR 1920. 

The incr~ase in the Subscription-much as I disliked and tried 

to avoid it-has been readily accepted by our members-so inured 

are we to sacrifice. It was evident that a Report of the magnitude 

of our own could not be produced at anything like a five-shilling 

subscription. 

We have to thank Mr J. WaIter White and Miss RopeI' for distributing 

the 7400 .specimens sent in, and. for editing the Distributor's 

Report for 1919. 'We have also to thank MrWhite'f~r 

kindly supplying members with so m.any of h:is be~uiifully prepared 

and selected specimens. 

The yea.r 1920 was by no mea,ns' a good one for the .botanist. 

The season was not genial nor, despite the rain, was it favourable 

for Carices or Grasses, which I have rarely seen in a worse condition 

on the Scottish hills. The members, however, have been industrious, 

and I have had the advantage of seeing and assisting to name many 

thOllllsands of plants. I would .ask me;rnbers 1::0 heip by sending me 

well-selected specimens, to which should be tied a srmtll label bearing 

a number identical with that appended to the plant and retained 

by the member. It becomes increasingly impossible to return 

specimens. The greatest care should be taken to see that the specimen 

sent is the same and bears the same 'number as that retained .. The 

label sent should have the da,te, the habitat,., the county> &c., on it. 

Among the discoveries of the 'year' may be mentioned Plantago 

Gynops, which was discovered in 1902 by Mr C. E. Britton in Kent, 

on ground now brought under the plough, but re-found this year by 

a little gir,!, . a protegee of our member, Miss Ridley, under whose 

auspices Mrs Wedgwood and I saw it in November. It grows in

REPORT FOR 1920. 11 

Orkneys, it was in good condition and was accompanied by Chara 

canescens, only previously known from Wexford and the south' of ' 

England. Both these were new to Scotland. In the Shetlands;, 

Prebendary Burdon and myself' were successful in' gathering 

Potamogeton rutilus (only known previously from Anglesey) and 

P. panOfT"mitanus, both new to Shetland. On Cairngorm at over 

3000 feet, Mrs Wedgwood and I gathered Taraxacum croceum, not 

hitherto recorded for Britain. It was gathered by me in 1919, and 

confirmed this year. 'Among other new Dandeliona Taraxacum 

naevosum, which belongs to the Spectabilia, was found in Berkshire. 

It ~s a remarkably ha,Iidsome species. In the canal near 

Lichfield, Staffordshire, Sir Roger Curtisa,:b.d I gathered PotamofJeton 

Lintoni in its seCond British locality. As will be seen,a Marsh 

Orchid h3is been named O. purpurrella by our members, the Rev. T. 

and Mr Stephenson. It may be the cruenta of Muellet. A 

very unexpected record is that of Lathyrus niger from a Warwick 

,shire wood. It was seen there in 1913" but! our repeated search 

for it this yea,r proved frUItless. 

A specially interesting feature of the year has been the completion 

of some cultural experiments on the Shepherd's Purse by Dr Alm, 

quist, whose laborious research on the subject has already appeared 

in the Act. Hart. Be-rg., 1907. The present pa,per is ,supplementary 

to that, and it is pleasing to see that we have in Britain several 

additional forms. 

We offer our sincere congratulations to our members, Mr James 

Groves and the Rev. Canon Bullock-Webster, on the appearance of 

the British Charophyta, issued by the Ray Society. This will have 

permanent value and is a work of which ,they may be justly proud. 

It is hoped we may soon see the second and concluding volume. We 

are also pleased to see the useful volume on the Flora of Chepstow by 

our old member, Dr W. A. Shoolbred. Mr A. R. Horwooll has also 

published a practical volume, " The Outdoor Botanist." The third 

volume (but second published) of the Cambridge Flora has also 

appeared. This volume, following Engler's system, describes the 

plants from Montia to Fumaria, the latter genus being ably written 

by Mr Pugsley. 

Our congratulations are also offered to Dr Craib on his appoint-

12 REPORT FOR 1920. 

ment to the Chair of Botany at Aberdeen University, and to Prof. 

Balfour on receiving the K.B:E. 

1920 has taken a sadioll. . We have to deplore the loss of our 

old Secretary and Honorary Member, the kind-hearted J. Gilbert 

Baker; that skilful septuagena,rian plant limner, A. Montgomery 

Bell; our Rwbus specialist, the Rev. W.Moyle Rogers, full of years, 

who may be said to have remodelled our Branible arrangement, and 

who diagnosed many new species and varieties, but only after 

meticulous care and always with a mind free enough from se1£consciousness 

to reconsider his view under criticism, and to modify 

his opinions when he-and it was by no means a superhuman taskwas 

convinced they could be improved. Mr H. Messel died prematurely 

in the summer. He was a botanist who, one had hoped, 

might have done much for our science. Dr H. J. Clarke, the accurate 

painter of flowers, passed suddenly from us at his Buckinghamshire 

home. We also deeply regret the loss of that brilliant writer and 

adventurous traveller, Reginald Farrer, who died from diphtheria 

under alien skies in far distant Burma, when his life had hardly 

begun. 

We have secured for our next Distribution, the services of Miss 

E. N. Miles Thomas, D.Sc., Keeper of the Department of Botany at 

Cardiff, Miss Vachell and Mr A. E. Wade. Parcels should be sent 

before December 1, to the Department of Botany, 35 Park Place, 

Cardiff. 

We are under great obligations to the Rev. F. Bennett, Mr C. 

E. Britton, Mr and Mrs Corstorphine, Mr D. Lumb, and Mr W. H. 

Pearsall for literary assistance, and to Mr T. Gambier Parry, who has 

also kindly supplied the Dioscoridean photograph of the Shepherd's 

Purse. 

Could a few more of our active members not take up the study 

of some of the critical genera 1 We have already Mr Pearsall working 

at the Pondweeds and Batrachian Ranunculi; Mr Pugsley, on 

Fumaria, &c.; Mre Gregory, on the Violets; Dr Drabble, on the 

Pansies; Mr BucknaIl, Dr Drabble and Mr Lumb, on the Eyebrights ; 

F. N. Williams, on Sagina; Lieut.-Col. Wolley-Dod, on Roses; Mr 

J. Wheldon, on Centawriwm; Mr A. B. Jackson, on Barbarea,- Mr 

Turrill, on Glechoma; Rev. H. J. Riddelsdell, on Brambles; Drll 

Salisbury and Moss, on Salicornia; Mr C. E. Salmon, on Limonium;

REPORT FOR 1920. 13 

Mr C. E. Britlton, .on Centawrea; Mr Groves and Canon Bullock 

Webstei-, on Charas. There are, however, such genera as TJuilictr'lllJn, 

Myosotis, Mentha, Thymus, Orobanche, JUffbcUI5, Spergwlaria, 

and Erophila which are inadeqU!ately worked out. A 1a,rge number 

of our varieties require verification.' .A fresh study.of the Hieracia 

is sadly needed by one who has not only the power to differentiate 

but the ability to group. I am a,lways glad to see Orchids and Hawthorns, 

and can obtain continental assistance for Cow-wheats, Shepherd's 

Purse, Goosefoots, and' Cruciferae. 

Our new members include :-The Hon. Mrs Adeane, J. H.Adams, 

Miss Gertrude Bacon, the Hon. Agatha Beaumont, Viscount Bryce, 

Mrs Cadbury, Lieut. J. A. Codrington, Miss Cla.ridge, Reginald 

Cory, Miss Cottes, Mrs Debenham, Mrs Dent, W. S. M.' ·D'Urban. 

Mrs Patrick Ewing, J .. Farrer, J. R. Foggitt, A. W. Gmveson, B.A.; 

Mrs Godden, C. H. Grinling, M.A., W. E.Groves, Sir H. ·C. Hawley, 

Bart., Rev. G. H. Harris, M.A., Miss Hillard, Robt. Hellon, 

W. H. Jones, Prof. F .. W. Reeble, C.B.E., F.R.S.,Rev. J. de C. 

Laffan, Miss Landon, B.Sc., Lord Leverhulme, J. R. Matthews, 

M.A., F.L.S., W. Miller, Rev. Alan C. Morris, M.A., George Morgan, 

Miss Noel, Lady OsIer, H. Page, Donald Patton, M.A., B.Sc., 

Major E. SaviIe Peck, M.A., Prof. R. W. Phillips, D.Sc., Miss' 

Pomeroy, Prof. J. H. Priestly, B.Sc., Alex. F. Roberts, MrsRussurim, 

T. Edmondston Saxby, R.W.O., F.R.P.S., W. F. E. Seeley, 

A. W. Stelfox, Prof.· J. Small, M.A., W. R. Sherrin; G. E. Stechert, 

Miss Muriel Shepherd; J. H. Stephens, E. W. Swainton, Mrs Thompson, 

C. H. Toke, T. J. Wall, W. Watson, Mrs Wedgwood, J. G. 

Wilkinson, Miss Ethel M. Williams.

PLANT NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 

(Mostly New Plants to the British Isles). 

9. ANEMONE NEM'()ROSA L. A form with narrower, more strapsb,aped 

sepals at Weston Birt, Gloster, shown me by Lady Holford 

in 1920. 

47. RANUNCULUS FICARIA L. Some futtherNotes and Observations, 

1917-19. A paper read by A. A. Dallman before the Liverpool 

Botanical Society in September 1919. Notes on the Phenology 

and Variation. It was stated that small leaves were observed in 

Curzon Park, Dingle, Chester, on December 3, 1917. The indication 

of a monocotyledonous affinity is mentioned as being also evidenced 

in Anemone nemorosa L. 

80. PAPAVER RHOEAS L. Mr E. B. BISHOP sent a plant from 

his garden at Godalming where Rhoeas, dubium and orientale grow 

together. He thought it was a; hybrid of Rhoeas with orientale. 

Dr ALBERT THELLUNG names it P. Rhoeas L., var. strigosum Boenng. 

The leaf-outline, the appTessed stem-hairs and the very slightly 

longer capsule suggest to me a possible P. Rhoeas x dubium. The 

petals, however, are strongly blotched with black at the base. G. 

. I 

C. DRUCE. 

98 (2). BIKUKULLA EXIMIA (DC.) Druce. Diclytra eximia DC. 

Dicentra eximia Torrey. Alien, North America. Dartley Water 

Works, near Glasgow, R: GRIERSON. Doubtless planted. 

126. RADICuLA ISLANDICA Druce, var. MICROOARPA Britton in 

Rep. RE.C. 806, 1919. West Barnes, Merton, Surrey. [Ref. No. 

2162. ] Differs from the type in its shorter and stouter pods, each 

with a more prominent style. C. E.BRITTON .. 

140. .!RABIS PETRAEA Lam., var. GLABRA Edmondston Fl. Shetl.

PLANT NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 15 

25, 1845. See Rep. B.E.G. 495, 1910. This plant is scattered over 

the serpentine at Balta Sound, Dnst, and perennates in a curious 

way. It sends down a stoutish root from its dense rosette of glabrous, 

rigid leaves, and this penetrates the soil laterally, sending up 

at intervals, sometimes at the distance of 6 inches, a small branch 

which ascends to form on the surface soil a rosette. At another 6 

inches the process is repeated so that in one instance I was unable to 

unearth the plant which spread more than two feet. The flowers are 

often suffused with lilac or purplish-lilac. The stems are not entirely 

leafless except in young specimens. G. C. DRUCE. 

142. CARDAMINE PRATENSISL., var. UNIFLORA Sternb. & Hoppe. 

Braemar, S. Aberdeen, 1844, H. C. WATSON, and receniJly described 

from Rudgwick, Sussex, by W. B. TURRILL in Kew Bulletin 6, 1920. 

It is a lusus rather than a true variety. 

193 (2). SISYMBRIUM PULCHELLlMUM comb. novo Descurainea 

pulchellima Muschler in Engl. Bot. Jahr. xlix., 2, 200, 1913. Alien, 

Bolivia, Argentina. This is the plant, queried as Sisymbrium 

myriophyllum Willd. in the Adventive Flora of Tweedside 9, gathered 

by Miss 1. M. Hayward in Selkirkshire in 1913 and 1916. 

193 (3). S. BURCHELLII DC. Under this, as a variety, may be 

placed S. Turczaninowii .of Sonder (see Adv. Fl. Tweedside 7). It is 

a native of South Africa. G. C. DRucE. 

219. BRAssICA DISSECTA Lag., var. SETOSA (Degen.). Port 

Talbot Docks, Glamorgan; 1910, H. J. RIDDELSDELL, teste THELLUNG, 

who puts it under Sinapis alba, sub-sp. dissecta (Lag.) Bonnier, 

var. setosa Degen. 

284 (2). RESEDA INODORA Reichb. Alien, Hungary and Eastern 

Europe. Possil, Lanark, ,R. GRIERSON. See Rep. B.E.G. 720, 1919. 

Gen. 79 (2). ASTROCARPUS Neck. Elem. ii., 243, 1790. 

286 (10). A. SESAMOIDES DC., ex Duby Bot. Gall. i., 67. Alien, 

Spain, France. St Philip's,Bristol, CECIL & NOEL SANDWITH. 

288. HELIANTHEMUM CHAMAECISTUS Mill., var. PARVIFLORUld:

------------- ------ ---- ---------.--- ---.-.- 

16 PLANT NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 

Druce in Ann. Scot., Nat, Bist. 98, 1911, and Rep. B.E.C. 10, 1911. 

This was gathered at Elibank, Peebles, and Wychwood, Oxford. 

Prof. 1. B. Balfour gave me a root which c'ame from a plant gathered 

in Caenlochan, Forfar, in 1918. It retains its characters in cultivation. 

G, C. DRUCE. 

352. SILENE LAETA A. Br. in ,Flora 373, 1843.. _ AEen, Leith 

Docks, September 19, 1920, colI. et det. JAMES FRASER. A native of 

France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Tunis, Algeria, 

Marocco. Williams omits it from the genus Silene. Nyman places 

it in Eudia,nthe, which Bentham and HODker merge into Lychnis, 

under which it was first described by Aiton in Hort. Kew. ii.; 218, 

1789, as Lychnis laeta. Afterwards Brotero (Fl. Lusit. ii., 221, 

1804) called it Lychnis palustris, George Don (Gen. Hist. i., 116, 

1831) Argostemma laeta, and Fenzl, in Engler's Gen. Suppl. ii., 

1842, Eudianthe lacta. The Kew Index and Rouy & Foucaud Fl. 

Fr. put it in Silene, under which it-appears in the Plant List. It is 

probably one of the Esparto introductions from the Algerian coast, 

since Bellis annua, Hypochoeris aetnensis, Aira provincialis, Aira 

Cupaniana and Agrostis pallida were also detected by Mr Fraser in 

the same locality. 

454. MALVA PUSILLA With. and 456. M. PARVIFLORA L, Mr 

J. E. Little tells me that in discriminating these two allied species 

he finds that they differ in habit and that the best herbarium character 

is that in pusilla the bracts of the epicalyx are broader and exceed 

the flowering calyx, while in parviflora they a,re narrow and fall 

short of it. The flowers in the latter are nearly sessile, and the main 

stem is erect and very stout. 

457 (2). _ M. HISPANICA L. Alien, Spain, Portugal. In cultivated 

ground, once manured with shoddy waste, Pyrford, Surrey, 

October 1920, G. C. DRucE & Lady DAVY. 

464. TILIA EUROPAEA L., lusus CANDIDA (Augustine Henry in_ 

Gard. Chron. ii., 180, 1920), as T. vulgaris, var. candida. A single 

branch, 6t inches in girth, grows on an old tree at The Down,' 

Athlone, having all or 'nearly all the leaves white.


474. X GERANIUM HYBRIDuM.Under this name there is a note 

by " S. A." in Gard. Clvron. ii., 241, 1920, which describes a hybrid 

of G. sanguineum x var. lancastriense. It was found on Walney 

Island. It is said to have the dwarfness of lancastriense but the 

colour is nearly that of sanguineum. Some years ago Reginald 

Farrer and I saw a hybrid of this origin growing with both the 

putative parents. It differs from pro stratum in that the petals 

have the delicate lines which are present in lancastriense although 

the ground colour is different. Farrer cultivated it at Ingleborough. 

G. C. DRUCE. 

481. G. PYRENAICUM Burm. f., forma PALLIDA. In a sandy lane 

near Eridge, Sussex, a patch of plants extending over several·yards, 

E. G. TALBOT. Differs from the type in its pale, flesh-coloured 

petals. G. C. DRUCE. 

497. ERODIUM CIOUTARIUM Ait. E. G. Baker and C. E. Salmon 

contribute a valuable paper on the maritime forms to the Journal of 

Botany 121, 1920, in which are described E. glutinosum Dumort., 

E. neglect'um Baker &: Salm., E. Lebelii Jord. and E. Ballii Jord., 

the last presumably from Ireland but requires refinding. The 

glandula sum Bosch., first given for England by A. Bennett, seems to 

be mainly the glutinosum Dum. and the neglectum now described, 

which may displace it. 

519. RHAMNUS CATHARTICUS L. Near Thetford, W. Norfolk 

with dicecious flowers, Misses COBBE. 

537. ULEX EUROPAEUS L. La Moye, Jersey, April 1920. This 

year, in Jersey, the Gorse was exceptionally full of flower and it 

afforded a wonderful sight. As depicted in the E.B. plate, t. 742, 

the standard is distinctly notched, and this form is by far the commoner 

plant. Growing on La Moye Common there were, however, 

a few bushes in which the flowers had entire standards, a form hitherto 

unobserved by me. G. C. DRUCE. 

537. U. EUROPAEUS L. X GALLII Planch., novo hybr. Park- 

.hurst Forest, Isle of Wight, May 1920. In company with Sir James 

and Lady Douie I noticed on the border of some of the rides in this 

, 

I i 

('

18 PLANT N:,OTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 

interesting piece of woodland a Gorse in flower which had the small 

spines of Gallii but the more shaggy a,nd. paler calyx of europaeus. 

Its habit was that of a tall, slender plant. I could see none of last 

year's fruits. It recalled a somewhat similar plant, also flowering 

in May, which I saw at Millook, Cornwall, some years ago, which is 

also, I believe, a hybrid of the above species. The vegetative parts 

resemble Gallii. The primary spines were almost straight and were 

only 20 mm. long, those of europaeus, in the'vicinity, being 40 mm. 

long, and the whole plant was much more ferocious. The flowe~s 

are a little smaller and paler than those of europaeus, but the wings 

are not loriger than the keel, the "tandard is deeply notohed, a,nd the 

calyx more hairy with longer hairs than in Gallii. Rouy & Foucaud 

(Fl. Fr. ix., 241) describe a va,r.humilior of europaeus but the Parkhurst 

plant is tall and seems to possess intermediate characters. 1 

suggest the above as a probable parentage. G. C. DRucE. 

549 (2). TRIGONELLA STRIATA L. f. Suppl., 52. Alien, Serbia, 

etc. Leith, Midlothian, 1920, J. FRASER. 

586. MEDICAGO LUPULINA L.; var. UNGUICULATA Reichb. Guestling, 

Sussex, H. RED GROVE and Rev. A. G. GREGOR. An analagous 

condition to the same named vars. of Melilotus officinalis and alba, ' 

in which the corolla becomes leafy. Is a mite the cause 1 

595. MELILOTUS AI,BA Desr. Under-the name of Sweet Clover 

the United States Dept. of Agriculture, Bulletin n. 844, 1920, publishes 

a paper by Mr H. S. Coe & Prof. J. N. Martin on " Pollination 

Studies of Seed Production and the Structure and Chemical 

Nature of the Seed-coat and its Relation to Impermeable Seeds of 

Sweet Clover." This paper is a valuable contribution to our knowledge 

of the fertilisation of M. alba. There are good diagrams and 

careful experiments have been made which show that although M. 

albaca~ produce seed by self-fertili~ation yet it is so rarely done 

that only less than one per cent. of them set seeds without being pollinated 

by insects. A list of insect visitors is given. In order to 

produce a good crop of seed a considerable quantity of water must 

,be present in the soil, the yield being diminished by nearly 50 per 

cent. in dry conditions. With regard to the impermeability of the

PLANT NOTES, ETO., FOR 1920. 19 

seed-coat it was found'that soaking them for '15 minutes in concentrated 

sulphuric acid (s.g. 1.84) renders the coats permeable. This 

probably explains the ready germination of so many of the seeds of 

wool aliens after treatment with sulphuric acid. An extensive 

bibliography of works cited is appended. The wonderful output of 

practical as well as scientific papers from the Department fills a, 

Britisher with envy. The Inventory of Seeds and Plants imported 

(July 12, 1920), extending to 96 pages, includes and figures a 

Venezuelan vegetable, Arracari{z xanthorrhiza Bancr., an Umbelliferous 

species growing only at 4000 ft. and upwards on the Andes. 

'1'he root, which I tasted at c,a,racalS, is like a pa.rsnip. A Javanese 

shrub, Pavetta Zimmermanniana, is mentioned which has its leaves 

inhabited by bacterial colonies which induce knots analagous to those 

formed by Bacillus radicocola in the roots of leguminous plants: 

700. 'VIOLA LATHYROIDES L.o forma ROBUSTA. Sandhills, Southport, 

S.W. Lancashire, 1891, C. BAILEY; Ho"mmet Bonnet, Guernsey, 

May 1920, Mrs WEDGWOOD. Differs from the common plant in its 

la,rge,r size-3 dcm. ; in its la,rge,r lea.flet&--17 mm. ; and la,rger pods. 

up to 30 mm. long. 

714. LATHYRUS PRATENSIS L., forma, SPECroSA 'rnihi. The 

common form of the Tingwall area 3,nd elsewhere on the Mainland 

of Shetland and also near Balta and Burrafirth, Unsto July-August 

1920. This differs from the usual British plant in the much larger 

flowers, measuring 16-20 mm. against 12-16 mm. in the English 

plant, and not only are they longer but they are larger and on an 

a,verage there is a. greater number of flowers in the inflorescence, i.e., 

8-10 as ag3,inst 6-9. The plant, on the contrary, is of lower growth. 

This larger corolla is not limited in Shetland to Lathyrus, but also 

obtains in Trifolium pratense, T. repens, Vicia Cracca and Lychnis 

dioica as well as sometimes in the ligulate flowers of Achillea Ptarm'bca. 

This may arise from the larger number of hours the sun is 

above the horizon during its flowering period, sinc~ these plants 

appear indifferent to edaphic or soil factors. G. C. DRUOE. 

730; L. NIGER Bernh. This is one of our rarest species. It 

was first recorded in Britain from the Den of Airlie, Forfarshire, in 

I 

(-


the Flom Scotica (part 2) 267, 1821, by Sir William Hooker in ~hese 

terms :-" Mr ['rhomasJ Drummond has had the good fortune to 

discover it, truly wild, at Airlie, ten miles west of Forfar." It is 

not included in part 1, which of course is of an earlier date and in 

which the plants are arranged according to the Linnean system. 

Drummond's specimen from this locality is in Herb. Hdin., and there 

is another, dated 1827, from Walker-Arnott. It was recorded from 

Killiecrankie, Perth, by W. Gorrie, about 1839. I collected it in 

1878 when it was on its last legs, so I took no root. White 

saw it there in 1892. A third locality is given by Syme (H. B. iii., 

112), Craiganain, a rock within 2 miles of Moy House, Invernessshire. 

This is mentioned in Anderson's Guide to the Highlands 

and Islands of Scotland 400, 1834, where it adds that 

several attempts to find it have failed and, I think in a subsequent 

edition, it suggests the probable explanation that it had 

been mistaken for the common L. montanus. I am not aware of any 

specimens from this locality, and Prof. Sir 1. B. Balfour tells me 

there are none in the Edinburgh herbarium. A fourth locality is 

that of Roddam Dene, Northumberland, where it was said to have 

been gathered by Mr Tate in 1852 (Johnston's Nat. Hist. Hastern 

Borders 571,,1873, where it is stated to be a garden esca,pe). A.s a. 

naturalised plant it was found by the Rev. E. S. Marshall in Sussex, 

where it was doubtless planted. The indigenity of the plant in any 

of these localities is open to question. Don, that lynx-eyed and indefatigable 

worker at the Forfar flora, does not mention it, although 

he knew the Den of Airlie well. That picturesque den is adjacent to 

Mrlie Castle, and it is more than probable that the Lathyrus was 

planted there. The place now seems to know it no more. I have 

searched it two or three times in vain. In Killiecrankie it was 

limited to a small a,rea not far from cott,ages, and one of the cottagers 

supplied specimens at Is a piece. It is now eradicated. The record 

for Moy has never been confirmed unless indeed a cryptic note may 

refer to this locality :-" Orobusniger. Nr. Lake Nevis, June 13, 

1836," which i/attached to a specimen in the Edinburgh Herbarium, 

possibly in the hand of W. C. Trevelyan. This, however, may be a 

distinct and additional locality, which awaits verification. The geographical 

distribution in Europe favours its being a native of


Britain. Rouy & Fouc. (Fl. Fr. v., 272) say "presque toute l'Europe 

(excl. reg. boreales)." In France it grows in " bois montagneuI 

surtout calcaires, mais peu commun, dans presque toute la France." 

This suggests that the hilly woods of Hereford, Gloster and Somerset 

may be likely places. I now come to a more recent record. This 

summer, Mr Bolton King sent me a specimen which was gathered, he 

says, in the summer of 1913 by 1\1r W. F. E. Seeley in a hilly wood 

near Southam, in Warwickshire, where he saw it in some quantity. 

The specimen was correctly named. In company with the finder, Mr 

Bolton King and Mr Groves we made a careful search, but it was 

unsuccessful. In the seven years' interval the wood, which consists 

of aboriginal vegetation, had much grown up and our failure to rediscover 

it may ha;ve been due to this cause. A second visit to the 

area mentioned by the finder was equally unsuccessful. That it was 

found here, and probably as a native plant, is practica:lly certain. 

The specimen was labelled by Mr Seeley at the time. Its re-discovery 

in this place would give it a higher claim for citizenship than any 

of the preceding· records. 

745 (4). SPIRAEA CANESCENS Don. Naturalised in a wood below 

Causand Beacon, Devon, 1919. H. E. Fox in Rep. B.B.C. 814, 

1919. 

901. POTENTILLA REPTANS L., flore pleno. Near Calne, Wilts, 

Mrs COLVILLE and Lady DAVY. The inflorescence is showy from the 

many rows of petals. 

925. ROSA STYLOSA Desv., var. PTYCHOPHYLLA Boulenger In 

Journal of Botany 16,1920. Studland, Dorset, G. A. BOULENGER. 

927. R. DUMALIS Bechst., var. OBLONGA. R. canina, var. 

oblonga Boulenger, l.c. Studland, Dorset. 

931. R. CALOPHYLLA Christ. Hedge Harp fields, between Ten: 

bury and Greete, Salop, 1892, C. BAILEY, as R. frondosa Baker. 

936. R. lIHCRANTHA Srn., var. LUSSERI Lag. &; Puget. Between 

Studland and Code Castle, G. A. BOULENGER, in Journal of Botany 

21, 1920.


941 g. R. BRITAl"INICA DesegI. Dr G. A. BOULENGER, in Journal 

of Botany 185, 1920, suggests that this name should be applied to 

a Rose which has been variously named foetida Bast., non Herrm., 

lundzilliana Baker, non Besser, &c. He gives a description based 

on living material from Oxted and Limpsfield, Surrey. Wolley-Dod 

has already adopted the name which also appears in my List as var. g. 

of the aggregate mollissima Willd. 

969 (5). CRATAEGUS CRENULATUS Roxb. FI. Ind. ii., 509. Alien, 

India. Abbot's Wood, near Polegate, Sussex. ~ Bird-sown or 

planted. ColI. T. A. DYMES and E. BEDFORD. It is the Pyracantha 

crenulataM. Roem. One bush grew in a sandy field, another in the 

wood itself. 

1007. COTYLEDON UMBILICUS-VENERIS L. At St Brelade's, 

Jersey, some immature, strongly bracteate plants simulated C. 

lutea. This may be the origin of the erroneous record of C. lutea 

for Somersetshire. G. C. DRUOE. 

1026 (2). SEMPERVIVUM ARBOREUM L. (DC. PI. grasses ii , t. 

125). Alien, S. Europe:--Portugal, Spain, &c. Naturalised at GibraJtar, 

&c. On the cliffs of a quarry near St Catherine's, Jersey, quite 

naturalised. It grows high up on the sheer quarry walls, above 70 

feet altitude. There is no house above the cliff, nor is it easy to 

suggest how the plant became introduced. At a distance it suggested 

a clump of some yellow Crucifer. My companion, T. Churchill, a 

boy of 12, succeeded in r.eaching it and threw some pieces down, which 

enabled me to recognise it as an old Gibraltar friend. G. C. DRucE. 

1133. OENANTHE FLUVIATILIS Colem. This plant has been much 

misunderstood by continental botanists owing to its extreme scarcity 

in Europe. Dr Albert Thellung is now monographing the Umbelliferae 

and in answer to his request I sent him ripe fruits and a statement 

of my experience of its distinctness as evinced by the seedlings, 

the submerged leaves, &c. He replies that an examination of the 

fruits shows that they differ from those of aquatica and conoidea 

"pa.r le developpement de cotes secondaires (sur les vallicules) 

a,ussi grandes que les o6tes primaires. . C'ffit Ut une· raison de 

plus pour separer specifiquement l'OE. fluviatilis."

PLANT NOTE; ETC., FOR 1920. 23 

1134:. (E. CROCATA L. Juice from the green herb found not t 

be poisonous to cattle in Wexford. See note by C. B. Moffat in Irish 

Nat. 13, 1920. 

1147. ANGELICA SYLVESTRIS L. A polymorphic species,probably 

including several races. Two main groups of forms may be 

distinguished a.ccording to the charact.er of the terminal leaflets, 

whether these are distinct at the base, or decurrent upon the 

petiolules. Fischer in' Gat. horti Petrop. 1842 divides the species 

into var. vulgaris characterised as "pinnulis non decurrentibus, 

terminalibus fere petiolulatis, "and var. decurrens diagnosed as 

" pinnulis, saltem summis, decurrentibus, terminalibus saepe sessilibus." 

For the first of these, Fischer quotes English Botany t. 

1128. The second variety has received several names. It is the 

A. sylvestris, var. elatior Wahlenb., and, as a species, A. montana 

Schleich. Fischer also referred to it as A. sylvestris, var. litorali$ 

Rartm. and Imperatoria fiavescens Bess. When the decurrent 

feature of the upper leaflets is well-marked it is strikingly different 

from the more familiar forl)1 of Angelica, but intermediates connect 

the two varieties. 

Var. VULGARIS Fischer. Isle of Wight (Herb S. Lond. Bot. 

Ins.);W~.K~nt:'powne (Herb. S. Lond. Bot. Ins.);Surrey: copse 

near Ci~ygate (C.it:B·.);·G~tton Park (W. R. Beeby, Herb. Brit. 

Mus.); Berks: Sunninghill (Herb. Banks) and near Childswell 

Farm (Herb. Druce); Rerts: Welwyn (Herb. Druce); Northants: 

Plumpton Wood (Herb. Druce); Oxon: Sibstone (Herb. Druce); N. 

Staffs: between Trentham and Clayton (Herb. Brit. Mus.); Lake 

Lancs: near Mansriggs (Herb. Brit. Mus.); Jersey: St Peter's Valley 

(Herb. Druce). 

Var. DECURRENS Fischer. Cornwall: n~ar Sandplace (Herb. S. 

Lond. Bot. Ins.); W. Kent: Keston (Herb. Brit. Mus.) and Shortlands; 

Surrey: the common form by the R. Thames above London 

Mortlake, Kew, etc. (C.E.B.), R. Wey below Guildford (Herb. Brit. 

Mus.); Middlesex: Stanmore (Herb. Druce); N orthants: N obottle 

(Herb. Druce); Suffolk: Oakley Park (Herb. Brit. Mus.); York: 

Thrybergh (Herb. S. Lond. Bot. Ins.). Scotland.-Fife: N. 

Queensferry (Herb. Brit. Mus.); Forfar : Caenlochan (H erb.Druce) ;


Shetlands (Herb. Brit. Mus.). 

Mus.). C.E. BRITTON. 

Ireland.-Donegal (llerb. Brit. 

1220 (2). KENTRANTHUS MACROSIPHON Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1, iii., 

57. Alien, Southern Spain. St Ouen's Bay, Jersey, 1901, J. 

Piquct as Valeriana pyrenaica, collected by Mr DONcAsTER, ex Hb. 

Piquet. 

1224. V ALERIANELLA DENTATA Poll. Handcross, Sussex. A 

curious fascicled form which Mr Swanston thinks is caused by the 

Hemiptera, Trioza centranthi Vallot. The specimens were communicated 

by Mrs Graham. 

1248 (2). BEI,LIS ANNl'A L. Alien, S. Europe. In abundance 

at Leith Docks, Midlothian, J. FRASER & R. GRIERSON. 

1268 (2). FILAGO ARVENSIS L. Alien, Central and S. Europe, 

W. Asia, Siberia, Canaries. Levenhall, Midlothian, 1916, with the 

var. lagopus DC. Prod. vi., 249, which differs from the type in its 

greater w:oolliness. J. FRASER. 

1274. GNAPHALIUM ULIGINOSUM L., var. PROSTRATUM Huet, ex 

Nym. Consp. 382. See Bull. Soc. Bot. ltal. 60, 1900. Plants 

coming under this occurred on light sandy soil near Midhurst, W. 

Sussex, June 1920, G. C. DRucE. 

1294. XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. Under the name Cocklebur, 

A. A. Hansen in Circular 109, July 1920, of the United States 

Dept. of Agriculture, gives a description and the means used for 

the eradication of these troublesome pests to the sheep-farmer. He 

says there are about a dozen native species in the United States 

most of them resembling Strumarium, x spinosurm standing apart. 

The seeds contain a valuable fixed oil which can be used as human 

food. The ever ingenious American has used the Burs " in the 

manufacture of advertising novelties." " They are burs, they 

will stick," but will also distribute a growing danger to agriculturists. 

1311 (5). BIDENs PROCERA D.Don in Bot. Register t. 684.


Alien, Mexico, Arizona. Hortal. Marston brick-yards, Oxon, 

October 1915, G. C. DRUCE. 

1333 (2). ACHILLEA MICRANTHA Willd. Adventive in France, 

Germany, etc. Native in Asia austr.-occ. Differt ab A. tomentosa 

foliis planioribus, laciniis multo angustioribus, apice minus cartilaginosis, 

caule brevi us pubescente (nec partim lanoso-villoso), involucro 

sllbg1abro. Det. by A. THELLUNG from near Derby, 1871, 

Mr MEDLEY, who had named it A. tomentosa. 

1393. SENECIO AQUATICUS Hudson, var. (vel forma) ORNATUS 

mihi. In July last when entering the harbour of Lerwick one was 

anxiously trying to identify the first plant of Ultima Thule. 

Patches of a bright yellow in cultivated soil suggested Chrysanthemum 

segetum but a subtle difference in colour made one doubt. 

After landing a visit was made to investigate the vegetation more 

closely when it was found that the colouring was due to another 

Composite, Senecio aquaticus, which, as its name suggests, grows 

with us in wet and in undisturbed grass of meadows and marshes. 

Here it chose ground of which the' original covering had been removed 

or in which the soil itself had been' disturbed by man. This 

showy plant, much more ornate than its Southern prototype, was 

common on the derelict fields around a crofter's cottage, on parts 

of moorland which had been prepared for corn, on waste places by 

road-sides, in poor garden gromid or the bare stony shores of inland 

lochs. The plants were usually short, about 8 cm., and had a conspicuous, 

flat-topped, corymbose inflorescence of larger flowerheads 

with showy ray-florets of a slightly deeper tone of yellow. 

As Beeby remarked, "it grows as an inverted pyramid with flattopped 

inflorescence." Occasionally the plants are clothed with ~ 

hoary or arachnoid tomentum. The lower leaves are usually but 

little cut, indeed often sub-entire. and are usually green beneath. 

The capitula are up to 43 mm. across. We saw it not only by 

Clickhimmin Loch and in waste ground about Lerwic~, the Main- 

I 

land. Tingwall. Whiteness Voe. near Walls and Sandwick. but also 

in Unst at Burrafirth and Balta Sound. The plant had an unmistakable 

facies of its own and it seems well worth segregation 

although some may question its claim to varietal grade. G. C. 

DRUCE.

26 PLANT NOTES, Erc., FOH, 1920. 

1394. S. JACOBAEA L. In Nova Scotia this causes the Pictou 

cattle disease due, it is said, to a poisonous alkaloid or alkaloids. 

Other species in South Africa have toxic effects. See lVature 321, 

1920. 

1405. S. PALUSTIUS Hook. It was seen at Filby in 1902 by the 

Rev. G. H. HARRIS. 

1422 (2). CIR~Im[ POLYANTHEMUM DC. (C. SICULUM DC., n~c 

Spreng.). Alien, Corsica, Italy, Europe austr.-orient., Asia austr. 

occ. . Var. CRETICUM (Lam.) Fiori et Paoletti. Marston brickyards, 

August 1920, with a forma albifio·rurn. G. C. DRUCE. Det. A. 

THELLUNG. 

1449. CENTAUREA JACEA L., sub-sp. ANGUSTIFOLIA Gugler, var. 

SEMIFIMBRIATA Gugler. Wellington College, Berks, 1919, C. E. 

BRITTON. 

1449. C. JACEA L., sub-sp. ANGUSTIFOLIA 

RALIS Jord. C. ]loncktonii Britton, ined. 

Berks, 1920, H. W. 1£ONcKToN. 

Gugler x C. NEMO 

Wellington College, 

1449. C. JACEA L., sub-sp. JUNGENS Gugler, var. FIMBRIATI- 

SQUAMA GiIgler in An:r:. 1£U8. Nat. Hung. 47, (1907) 1908. Waste 

heap north of Welwyn Tunnel, Herts, 1913, J. E. LITTLE. Mr C. 

E. Britton says he accepts this determination. C. jungens is intermediate 

between sub-sp. Eu-Jacea and C. angustifolia. It is of tall 

stature, branches of moderate length, upper leaves broadly lanceolate, 

peduncles with rather few leaves and always clearly inflated 

beneath the heads. The above variety has almost all the appendages 

regularly pectinate-fringed, the innermost series, however, always 

more or less entire, the nextUJppermost series less regularly laciniated. 

Similar plants, he says, have been met with elsewhere in England. 

1451. C.' NIGRA L .. C. NEMOPHILA Jord. Wellington College, 

Berks, 1919, Ref. No. 2153, C. E. BRITTON. 

145~. C. OBSCURA Jord., var. SUBNEMORALIS Britton, ined. 

Twinstead, N. Essex; Thurso, Caithness, G. C. DRUCE.

PLANT NOTES, E'rC., FOR 1920. 27 

1436. C. SCABIOSA L., var. SPINULOSA Koch. Fallow field, 

Effingham, Surrey, September 1920, Ref. No. 2279, C. E. BRITTON. 

The uescription of this in Koch's Syllopsis 412, 1837, is " fimbria 

terminali foliolorum involucri in spinam longiusculam validiorem 

mutata. Per totam Germaniam sparsim occurrit." He says other 

; 

species of Centaurea exhibit the same variation. 

1472. C. MACROCEPHALA Bunschk., ex Willd. Sp. PI. iii., 2299. 

Alien, Armenia, etc. HortaI. On railway cutting, near Neithrop, 

Oxon, July 1920, with other garden relics, G. C. DRUCE. 

Gen. 356 (2). LAGOSERIS M. Bieb. Cent. PI. Rar. Ross. merid. 

i., t. 30, 18lO, vice Pterotheca Cass. in Bull. Soc. PhiI. 200, 1816. 

See R~p. B.E.C. 419, 1916, and Thellung Fl. Adv. Montp. 573. 

1504 (10). L. NElVIAUSENSIS (Gouan) Koch, vice P. sancta C. 

Koch. Alien, S. Europe. Charleston" Cornwall, 1920, V. 

TRESSIDDER. 

1512. HIERACIUM AURANTIACUM L. A. A., Hansen writes a 

paper on The Hawkweeds or Paintb"ushes, Circular No. 130, 1920, 

to the United States Dept. of Agriculture in which he alludes to 

the Orange Hawkweed of European origin which has now become one 

of the worst pasture and hay-field weeds of New England, New York, 

and Pennsylvania, spreadirig as it does both by its runners and 

seeds. H. florentinum, the King-Devil, and H. pratense have also 

spread rapidly. A Virginian pasture is shown in which the latter 

is as common as Buttercnps. In Buckinghamshire allied species 

were introduced some twenty years ago and rapidly spread along the 

railway embankment near Hanslope, but as yet have made no headway 

into the adjoining fields, our 'Sun being scarcely powerful 

enough to stimulate them. 

1537 (2). H. PULMONARIOIDES ViII. Old wall, Kenmore, M. 

Perth, H. W. PUGSLEY in Journal of Botany 281, 1920. 

1578. H. HOLOPHYLI,UM W. R. L., var. ANGUSTISQUAMUM Pugsley. 

l.c. 284, 1920.' Cheddar, H. W. 'PUGSLEY. 

1641 (2). HYPOCHOERIS AETNENSIS B. &, H. Gen. PI. ii., 520.


Ces. PasseI'. & Gib. Comp. Fl. Ital. 465. Serriola aetnens~s L . 

.Alien, Europe mer., .Africa bor. Leith Docks, September 1920, 

J AMES FRASEIL 

1643. LEONTODON AlJTUMNALIS L., var. CORONOPIFOLIUS Lange. 

Ostenfeld (Bot. Notiser 143, 1913) refers to the occurrence of this in 

Denmark, and as this may occur in Britain the description there 

given is appended. " Scapi plures, ± arcuati, 15-25 cm. alti, 

ramosi, ramis long-is, squamis haud pallcis, angustis, usque ad .1) 

mm. longis. Folia supra spm'se pilosa subtus glabra, 8-10 cm. 

1onga, petiolis valde alatis, nervo principali lato, ± purpureo colorato, 

pinnatifida, lobis distantibus, filiformibus vel lin eari bus , 

longis, lobo apicali lobis caeteris consimili, perlongo, linea,ri. Involucrum 

mediocre vel parvum, viride, non pilosum, floccis albis parce 

adspersu,m; .,quamae elongatae, anguste oblongo-linearis, subacutae, 

stria dorsali indistincta, subnigra, marginibus floccosis-ciliatis. 

Ca.lati um mediocre. Stylo in sicco nigre;;cens." 

1645. TARAXACUM CROCEUM Dahlst. Om Skand. Tarax. former 

Bot. Notiser 1905 et Nords. Ta,ra,x. 15, 1912. Folia, sat, laete 

gramineo-viridia,' tenuia ±lingulata anguste lanceo.lata, pauci (3-6) 

lo.ba, glabra-subglabra V. in nervo. mediano. parce araneo.sa, petio.lis 

pallidis sat angustis-latiusculis ± alatis, nerve mediano palliclo V. 

medio pr'aesertim±roseola, e,xtima (inter dum plurima) saepe subintegra 

pa,rea dentioulata, dentiblJJS a.picem ver.sus magis evolutis, 

exteriora et intermedia lobis latis-latissimis ± humilibus sursum 

saepe in interlo.bia brevia-sat longa angustata, margine superiore 

± convexo.-recto, in lob. inferioribus parce dentato., in superioribus 

integro, rarius in omnibus sparsim subulato-dentatis, apicibus retroversis-patentibus, 

saepe apice ipso hamatis, lobo. terminali sagittatohastato, 

lobulis lateralibus, retro.versis-patentibus, brevi-sat longo, 

latiusculo.-1ato, acuto. V. saepe elongato., acutissimo., interiora 

lo.bo terminali saepe in utroque latere dente singulo, curvato, 

angusto instructa et ,lo.bulis lateralibus saepe hamatis, intima 

latio.ra, lobis crebrio.ribus, magis dentatis, lo.bo. terminali 

majore, inferne magis dentato, marginibus magis co.nvexis, 

minus acuto..· Scapi fo.lia aequantes V. iis longio.res, co.lorati, 

glabri-subglabri, superne leviter araneosi. Involucrum mediocre-

PLAN'.r NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 29 

sat magnum, crassiusculum, plerumque sat obscure viride, basi ± 

ova,ta. Squamae exteriores ± ovato-la,ncela,uae, acuminata,e, 

patentes-erecto-patentes v. laxe adpressae, paullum-sat conspicue 

margina,tae, supra sat dilute virideos, .subtus obscure virides-fere atrovirides, 

apice saepe et interdum etialll secus margines ± purpurascentes: 

interiores sat obscure viri(les ± lineari-lanceolatae, in 

apicem ± purpureum, angustulll attenuatae. Calathium 35-50 mm. 

latull1, sat plenum v. leviter radians ± croceum. Ligulae marginales 

latiusculae, extus stria rubro-violacea notatae. Antherae polline 

carentes v. rarius polliniferae. Stylus ± luteus, stigmatibus ± 

virescentibus. Achenium fusoo-olivaceulll v. oEvaceo-umbrinum 

superne et s.aepe feTe ad basin ± crebre et ac,ute spinuloosum, 

caeterum late spinuloso-tuberculatum v. tuberculatum, 3, 5-4, 5 mm. 

long-uill 1 mm. latum v. paullo latius, pyramide 0.5-0.7 longo ± 

conico, rostro 7-9 mm. longo. On the north side of the Cairngorm 

range as in Corrie Lochain and Corrie Sneachda on damp rocky or 

grassy places, 3000-3500ft. a.lt. First found in August 1919, G. C. 

DRUCE. It occurs in Scandinavia, Iceland,Greenland, -and in the 

Faroes, where it grew outside enclosed fields, on hedges, and in rockclefts 

some way up the hills. It belongs to the Spectabilia. 

1645 (2). T. NAEVOSUM Dahlstedt in Warming's Bot. of Faroes 

840. Folia dense et late lobata-pinnatifido-lobata, lobis latis-angustis 

deltoideis, utrinque vel praecipue in margine superiora ± dentata 

inferne angustius lobata, inter lobos inferne ± irregulariter 

dentata lobi terminali satis brevi, lato ovato-triangulari-hastato, 

supra purpureo-vel atropurpureo-maculata (vel in umbrosis fere 

emaculata) et in pagina superiore vulgo pilis crassis articulatis 

sparsis-densiusculis obtecta, petiolis ± intense purpureis nervoque 

mediano inferne v. pro max. parte purpureo. Involucrum ± obscure 

oleraceum, magnum satis longum, squamis exterioribus long is lanceolatis 

breve acuminatis, supra medium inv. attingentibus, anguste v. 

inconspicue marginatis, apice ± purpureis v. fusco-purpureis et in 

pag. interiore superne±fuscoviolaceis, laxe adpressis v. erecto-patentibus, 

apicibus vulgo ± recurvato-patentibus, interioribus sub apice 

±purpureo leviter callosis. Calathium obscure luteum, multif!orum, 

radians. Ligulae longae, marginales latiusculae, extus 

stria lata rubro-purpurea vittatae dentibus in lig. ± rubris. An-

30 PLANT NOTES, El'C., FOR 19:W. 

therae polline±repletae. Stylus et stigma livescentes. Acheniulll 

fusco-stramineum apice muricato-spinulosum, caeterum fere laeve v. 

minute tuberculatum, c. 4 mm. long., 1 mm. latum, pyramide c. 0.9 

mm. longo, rostro 8-9 mm. longo et pappo albo. T. naevosum'differs 

from T. spectabile, var. maculif~rum, by longer, more patent outer 

phyllaries, shorter achenes, shorter beak but longer and more developed 

rostrum. This handsome plant, which evidently belonged to 

the Spectabilia, was abundant in a cornfield near Marcham, Berks, 

in September 1920. Dahlstedt identifies it as his naeV08um, first 

found in a ravine near Kvanhauge in: the Faroes by Hartz and Ostenfeld 

in 1897, and it is rather common in the alpine and sub-alpine 

parts of the Scandinavian mountains. Herr Dahlstedt writes (1921) 

that he believes it is an ancient pre-glacial form, that before the last 

Ice-age had its distribution in N. VI'. Europe, and during the same 

period inhabited the N.W. coasts of Norway probably at that time 

free from ice. At present it inhabits the central and northern parts 

of the Scandinavian peninsula, and is also found in the Faroes and 

Iceland. The English form differs slightly from most Swedish specimens 

by its broader and more recurved lobes and by the slightly 

darker colour of the flower. Specimens are distributed this year. 

1645. T. FULVUM Raunkier Dansk. Excurs. Flora 1906. This 

species of the Erythrosperma is very common (says Dahlstedt in litt.) 

in the southern and partly also in the central parts of the Scandinavian 

peninsula, occurring also in Finland and Denmark. In 

central Scandinavia its distribution seems chiefly due to cultivation. 

In Britain I have found it at Oxford [x 20J, and in Bel"l~shire. a:;; a 

medium-sized plant with rather strongly cut leaves. 

1645. T. BRACHYGLOSSUM Dahlst. (see Rep. 566, 1920) from 

Wyrardisbury, Bucks; Barnes Common, Surrey, also occurs at 

Oxford [x 29J, and Boar's Hill, Berks. This, Dahlstedt says, is 

distributed i:n southern Norway and Sweden, also in Denmark, Northern 

Germany, in a few localities in Austria, and adventive in the 

Eastern United States. The leaves are less divirlerl than in orrlinary 

forms of laevigatum. 

Of the Vulgaria group Herr Dahlstedt has named the fonowing 

from my gatherings :-


1645. T. EXPALLIDUM Dahlst. Ostsvenska Taraxaca Arch. fur 

Botanik, Band 9, n. 10. The English form is not quite identical with 

the Swedish one, but the slight differences are probably only due to 

the locality. Oxford [x 16]. A strong growing plant with deepty 

cut leaves, the upper portion triangular. 

1645. T. KJELLMANI Dahlst. Einige wildwachsende Taraxaca 

aus em Bot. Gal;t. Upsala ... 1906. Scandinavia, Finland, Denmark. 

A slight modification of this occurred in considerable quantity 

in arable fields near Stow Wood, Oxford [x 14]. 

1645. T. SUBLACINIOSUM Dahlst. inedit. This grew also in 

arable ground near Beckley, Oxford [ x 15 J ; it has hitherto only been 

noticed in two localities. in Finland and Sweden, and will shortly 

be described by Hen Dahlstedt. The leaf-cutting does not reach to 

the mid-rib, the leaves are large, and the plant robust. 

1645. T. ANGUSTISQUAMEUM Dahlst. in Tarax. formerer ... 

Finland Acta Soc. pro. fauna et flora Fennica no. 9, 1907. Very 

common in southern Sweden, Norway, and Finland, also found in 

"eastern Germany. As a slight modification this grew by the roadside 

at Beckley, Oxon. 

1645. T. INTRICATUM Lindb. f. in Finska Tarax. former Meddsl. 

af Soc. pro. fauna et flora Fennica h. 36, 1910. A closely related 

form, if not a llew species, occurs at Oxford [ x 28J, as a very distinct 

looking plant, the leaf-cutting being very irregular. 

1645. T. CROCEIFLORUM Dahlst. This grew in light, sandy soil 

. of an arable field at Longworth, Berks; in 1920. 

1645. T. DILATATUM Lindb. f. As a form this occurs at Oxford 

[ x 10]. It is a tall, coarse-growing plant with a large terminal lobe 

and shallow leaf -cutting. 

1645. T. ALATU~1 Lindb. f., l.c. no. 9, 1907. A plant closely 

related to this grows' in garden ground at Oxford [x 11 J .. 

1645. T. FASOIATUM Dahlst. Tarax. Scand. exsicc. fasc, 1, n. 

30, 1911. An allied plant occurs at Longworth, Berks, in arable 

land [x 21 J . The two last require further study, and may prove 

distinct, G. C. DRUCE. 

1645. T. LAETICOLOR Dahlstedt Sca,nd. Exsicc. fase.l, No. 21, 

1911. Not typical as the leaves are different; teste DAHLSTEDT.


[Ref. No.R. 7116.] Chermey, Surrey,May 1917, G. C. DRUCE and 

Lady DAVY. See Rep. B.E.C., 1918. 

1665 (4). LOBELIA NATALENSIS A. DC. in DC. Prod. vii., 369. 

Alien, South Africa. Hortal. Marston brick-yards, Oxon, September 

1920, G. C. DRUCE. Det. W. B. TURRILL, who says the 

flowers are rather large. 

1667 (2). CERVICINA PENDULA (Schrad.). Wahlenbergia pwdUla 

(Schrad.) Blumenb. in Obs. 38. W. lobelioides Link. Alien, 

Madeira. Canaries. HortaL A weed in Bevers Nursery grounds, 

Herts, J. ANSELL, about 1835. 

1687. OXYCOCCUS QUADnIPETALUS Gilib. Above Harlech, 

Merioneth, 1919, Miss M. COBBE. Infected with an Oidium which 

Mr Swanston thinks may be Podosphaera myrtillina. It gives a 

curious hoary appearance to the under surfaces of the leaves. 

1742. ANAGALLIS FEMINA Mill. Miss CLARIDGE found at Steeple" 

Aston, Oxon, a form with three leaves in a whorl-an analagous form 

to the var. 'verticillata A. Diard of A. a1'Vensis, and another proof of 

the close relationship of the two species. If worth distinguishing, 

it may be called forma ternata. G. C. DRUCE. 

1743. A. ARVENSIS L. I have come to the conclusion that the 

opening and closing of the corolla is governed much more by the 

habit of the plant, consistently maintained to a great extent irrespective 

of the weather conditions, than by cloudy or bright weather. 

As 'an instance of what I noticed on one particular day at eleven 

o'clock on a very cloudy drizzly morning after a previous day and 

night of rain, out of 280 blooms 185 were fully open and 95 partially, 

these latter being newly opened flowers in the first stage with unopened 

anthers and unpollinated stigmas. After careful watching 

many plants for two or three weeks I found many flowers were visited 

by a species of mite which, under a strong lens, appeared to feed on 

the hairs of the stamens and on any pollen grains on the petals, but 

in no case did they. appear to travel up to the anthers or stigmas. 

Muller observed no insect visitors, and Lord Avebury mentioned

PLANT NOTES, ·'ETC., FOR 1920. 33 

H alictus morio, a solitary bee, as the· only insect yet recorded asa 

visitor. J. E. ARNETT. 

li43. A. ARVENSIS L., with dark purple-coloured flowers. 

Charlestown, Cornwall, 1920, W. TREsIDDER. 

1808 (2). PULMONARIA AFFINIS Jord. With reference to the 

grade of citizenship of the Lungwort which was discovered in Dartington 

Wood, S. Devon, in 1919, by C. V. MARQUAND, he informs me 

" it grew in a wild wood some distance from any house, but as. the 

copse is on a private estate where a number of plants have undoubtedly 

been introduced it is possible that it was brought there 

some time ago." See Rep. B.E.C. 570, 1919. 

1846. SOLAI'I'UM NIGRUM L., var. novo SINUATUM. In English 

Botany iv., 97, Syme describes the leaves of nigrum as " dentate or 

repand, lamina 1-4 inches long, rather abruptly narro.wed into the 

base and continued downwards into the winged petiole, the outline 

varying from ovate to rhomboidal, but generally intermediate between 

these, margills entire, rep and, or with a few large deltoid 

teeth." On rubbish heaps, wool-refuse and tilts, in various parts of 

Britain, there is a distinct plant with the leaf-outline of miniatum 

but with black berries which deserves at least varietal distinction. 

It is a smaller and cleaner looking plant with leaves having smaller 

laminae, l-lt inches long and t to It inches broad, the margins sinuate-dentate; 

calyx-lobes longer than type. Specimens were sent to the 

Club by J. CRYER in 1917 from Bradford. Waste ground, Abingdon, 

Berks, G. C. DRucE, 1915; Thetford, Norfolk, 1920, Miss COBBE. 

The Rev. E. S. MARSHALL says in 1917 he had a plant from Witley, 

Surrey, which comes near it. It is quite probable that it may be a 

micro-species, the geographical source of which is, at present, conjectural. 

G. C. DRUCE. 

1872 (12). ALONSOA MERIDIONALIS (L. f.) O. Kuntze. Scrophularia 

meridionalis L. f., 1781. A. caulialata R. &; P., 1798. 

Alien, Andes (equator), Mexico. Near a mill at Bovey Tracey 

Station, Devon, September 1919, Lady DAVY. 

1874 (3). LINARIA RETICULATA Desv. Fl. AtI. iL, 48. Alien, 

.::.'

3i PLANT NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 

Portugal, Algeria. Hortal. Aberystwith, Cardigan, 1920, D: A. 

JONES. 

1899. MIMULus MOSCHATUS D01.J.gL A suggestion, was made at a 

meeting of the Birmingham Field Naturalists' Club that the loss of 

fragrance may be due to the atrophy of the scent-producing cells 

owing to a chang: in the insect visitors by which fertilisation is 

effected. 

1901 (2). LIMOSELLA CAPENSIS Thunb. Prod. Fl. Cap. 104. 

Alien, South Africa. Bradford, York, September 1920, J. CRYER. 

Det. at Kew. 

1906 (5). VERONICATEUCRIUM L. Alien, Europe. On the 

railway-bank near Neithrop, Oxford, July 1920. Hortal. Grown 

with other garden plants. Probably the railway cutting was made 

through I)" garden. G. C. DRUCE. 

1906. (6). V. PROSTRATA L. Alien, Europe. Hcirtal. 

gan, C. DRUCE. 

G1 • 

Cardii 

• 

19q5. V .. CHAMAEDRYS L., sub-var. ALBA, comb. novo MISS 

EDITH iWILI,LI.MS records the Germander Speedwell with snow-white 

flowerslas growing between Beaulieu River and Southampton Water, 

S. Hants. 

I 

1920. V. ACINI FOLIA L. See Rep. B.E.C. 730, 1919. This was 

discovered in a field near Chiddingfield, Surrey, in 1920, by Mn; 

WILD and Mr E. B. BISHOP. Under their guidance, in company with 

La.dy Da,vy, I was enabled to see it growing last May. The Veronica 

grew in a barley field on a somewhat stiff (not sandy) soil, in enormous 

quantities, giving in the places where the barley was thin a bluish 

tone of colour from the multitude of flowers. It occurred in small 

quantity in the adjoining field. Its frequency was a proof that it 

was of not quite recent introduction, nor could on~ ascertain with 

what crop it was brought. In another area of Surrey a large 

quantity of South European species owe their occurrence to the 

ground having been manured with shoddy waste, but this grew in a 

country of less intensive culture and outside the market gardening


area.. Its occurrence here in such quantity places it in a different 

category from the accidental alien. It was observed among other 

adventive plants at Slateford, near Edinburgh, by Mr J. Fraser 

about 1907, on the evidence of which it was included in the British 

Pl(mt List. In 1909 it occurred as a weed In a nursery garden near 

Ashdown Forest, Sussex. V. acinifolia L. has a wide range through 

Southern Europe and is found in France, rarely in Belgium, and in 

Alsace and Baden. It also occurs in Madeira and in Asia ~austroocc.- 

Rouy says it grows " champs humides, sablonneux ou argileux 

dans presque toute la France." It is adventive at Congepion in 

Chile (see Beechey Voy. 39). Rouy (Fl. Fr. xi., 50) places it next to 

art'ensis from which the almost entire and rather fleshy leaves at once 

, distingu.ish in: indeed it is not likely to be confounded with any 

British species. The pedicels equal the oblong bracts and are 3-4 

times longer than the calyx, and the style is longer than the deep 

notch of the obcordate capsule. 

1929(3). V. ORIENTALIS Mill: Gard. Dict. 1768. Alien, Russia, 

Roumania. Hortal. Levenhall, Edinburgh, July 1917, J. FRASER. 

2083. AJUGA REPTANS L., var. vel sub-var. AI;BIFLORA Zersi in 

Prosp. Piante Vasc. pr. Bre;xia 169, 1871. This proves constant in 

culture. See Fl. Ital. Exsicc. 2321. Appleton, etc. (see Fl. Berks 

413) i near the Beaulieu River, S. Hants, Miss E. WILLIAMS. 

2088 (2). PLANTAGO CYNOPS L. In 1902 and subsequent years 

this occurred in a field abandoned fr~m: cultivation, on chalk soil, on i 

the higher slopes of a hill between Cobham and Luddesdown, West 

Kent. One old shrubby plant and' several others of various ages 

were seen. The plants accompanying the Plantago were the usual 

species seen in abandoned arable fields on the chalk, Silene latifolia, 

Fumaria, Papaver, Echium vulgare, Card1~US nutans, Reseda Lutea, 

. Ajuga Chamoepitys, &c. Here, also, I saw for the first time, Adoni.~. 

On taking a specimen of the Plantago to the Herbarium of the Natural 

History Museum, I _ am sorry to say that my plant did not receive 

the attention it deserved, and no attempt was made to identify it 

beyond showing it to an official, now retired, who characterised it 

as a miserable scrap and said that a better specimen was requiretl 

. ,


for purpose of determination! To my inexperienced eyes the. specimen 

obviously represented a shrubby plantain, and had attention 

been given to it its identity could easily have been established, as no 

other species similar to P. Gynops reaches into Western Europe. 

When, in 1906, I acquired the concluding volume of L' Abbe Coste's 

illustrated Flora, the identification of the Plantago was placed 

beyond doubt and confirmed by reference to other continental floras. 

The plant was restricted to land formerly cultivated and certainly 

did not occur on neighbouring banks, as these were well searched 

at that time for orchids. In 1905 the field was ploughed and the 

Plantago disappeared from the locality, nor was it seen elsewhere. 

C. E. BRITTON. P. Gynops occurs in Spain, South France, Italy, 

South Switzerland, Austria. A caulescent fruticose species, growing 

in uncultivated places 'was sent me in June by Miss Ridley. It was 

gathered by a young child whom she had interested in flower-study, 

f on a rough bank above cornfields and below a small wood near Cob 

~ham, Kent. The patch stretches for about 4 or 5 yards and there are 

a few isolated plants near. Mr Green and Mrs Stephens also sent 

it me from the same pl\l-ce later on in the season. A note on it from 

Mr H. N. Ridley appeared afterwards in the Journal of Botany. In 

November Mrs Wedgwood accompanied me to see it growing. The 

place is a flinty and chalky bank, and' its associates are Origanum 

and other native species. There was nothing to suggest its origin. 

~ Its geographical range is antagonistic to it,s being native in Kent, 

. but its method of introduction is not easy to suggest. It has no 

beauty that man should desire it: it is not a native of cornfields, so 

that it is not likely to have come in with game or chicken-food. Mr 

Britton's note shows that it is not a quite recent immigrant. There 

is an old record of P. Psyllium from Sand Hills, St Aubin's, Jersey 

(see Hook. Stud. Fl. Appendix). Naylor (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 

466, 1860) corrected the name to P. Oynops. In both Jersey, where 

it is not now to be found, and Kent it is almost certainly adventive. 

G. C. DRUCE. 

2091. P. MARITIMA L. The power of Linnaeus in grouping and 

individualising species is well exemplified in the five British Plantains 

which he includes in the Species Plantarurn. They are so distinct 

as to offer no difficulty to the botanist in their identification.

I 

--.-I 


They can be distinguished at a glance, yet each of them offers a wide 

range of variation, and to many of these variations distinguishing 

names have been given. One of the most polymorphic of the Linnean 

species is P. maritima, which is briefly diagnosed by Linnaeus (Sp. 

Plo 114, 1753): Foliis semicylindraceis integerrimis basi lana,tis, 

seapo tereti. Omitting reference to variations mentioned by British 

botanists of the 17th and 18th centuries, Edmondston (Flora of Shetland 

17, 1845) was one of the first to draw attention to the matter. 

In that work he gives " P. maq'itima, sea shores, ,common; it has 

leaves erect, narrow lanceolate, smooth, spike cylindrical," which 

well represents the Vi.nnean plant. He adds a variety dentata:, 

tersely described" leaves toothed," previously established as a form 

by Persoon (Syn. Plo i., 139, 1805), who, although he does not actually 

use the word forma, does, as Williams points out (Prod. 360), distinguish 

varieties from forms by an ingenious device in the use of 

Greek letters. When the diagnoses of a species run on to letter B 

in a continuous line it indicates merely a form. Wirtgen precedes 

Edmondston as the author of the variety. Edmondston then says he 

" provisionally gives the name P. setace(l to a plant not uncommon 

in mountainous districts which has hitherto been confounded with 

maritima, with leaves lying flat on the ground, cylindrical or semicylindrical, 

spikes globular," with a" var. lanosa, base of the leaves 

woolly." Therefore it is not a nomen nudum, all is stated in the 

Prodrom1ts. It will be observed that no mention is made of the leafclothing, 

so that we may assume it is glabrous or semi-glabrous as 

in maritima. Subsequently, Sir W. Hooker ('!rit. Flora 6'7, 

1842) gives two varieties :-" major, leaves almost plane inclining 

to lanceolate, toothed, glabrous, scape densely hairy, on rocks, Isle 

of Cumbra," probably var. dentata, and" var. minor, leaves linearlanceolate, 

densely hairy, (clothed with short dense hairs) ag well as 

scape, rocks by the House of Skail, Orkney." Both these varieties 

Williams (l.c.) says, " differ only in size and do not require notice. 

The latter includes plants growing on poor and exposed soils." But 

he does notice them under his var. alpina=P. alpina L., which is 

more than doubtfully British. Under this is a forma hirsuta (identified 

as P. hirsuta of Gilibert), which is localised from Hooker's 

habitat for his minor, with which we may presume it is identical. 

Bll.t Williams complicates the matter by putting under the same

I~"--- 

""- --""-"-.-----~~- -"~"'" 

I 

38 PLAN'!' NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 

name Edmondston's lanosa, which is a different plant, as will be 

seen by the descriptions already cited .. Syme (Eng. Bot. vii., 172) 

ha.!! tihree varieties, one of which, var. linearis, having " leaves 

linea,r-strapsha,ped, 3-ribbed, ra,rely with only 1 prominent nerve; 

pla,nt glabrous, generally with hail1s at tihe crown of the rootstock 

a,nd sometime,s pubescent on the scapes," cov~rs Edmondston's 

setacea and its va,riety. His var. latifolia, the type of which came 

from Gravesend and Whitstable, has" leaves strapshaped-oblanceolate, 

3-7 ribbed. Plant glabrous, or with a few hairs at the' crown 

of the rootstock" as in the previous variety. His third variety, 

hirsuta, has " leaves linear-strapshaped or semi-cylindrical, 3- or 

1-n!3rved. Plant densely pubescent." This, he says, he has seen 

only from the Orkneys at Houton Head." He mentions that Walker 

Arnott (sic Hooker) records it from near the House of Skail but does 

not cite the var. minor as a synonym. As a matter of fact, Syme's 

variety is a linear-strapshaped leaved plant, whereas Hooker's was 

linear-lanceolate. Syme adds that he cannot differentiate the mountain 

from the coast plant as the leaves are as much channelled and 

the rootstock not more woody than in the coast plant. Williams 

(Prod. 360) greatly elaborates the treatment of variations. He gives 

five varieties and six forms. The first, communis, is the type. (2) 

Scorzonerifolia=lanoeolata Syme has precedence according to the 

Actes. (3) Serpentina Brand=P. serpentina Vill., with two forms, 

ciliata from Ben Laoigh, which is very doubtfully the plant of 

Villars, and bidentata, a toothed form from the Snowdon range. (4) 

Alpina=P. alpina L., which differs, he .says, in ha,ving the nerves 

of the leaves unequally distant, i.e., with the lateral nerves 

nearer the margin than the midrib, also in the rhizome being long 

and woody instead of short and fleshy. It has three forms-(l) 

pilescens, from Widdy Bank, glabrous or slightly pubescent, 14-16 

cm. high; (2) pumila Kjellm., a pubescent, dwarf form from N .. 

\ Scotland, 5 cm. high; and (3) hirsu,ta, a densely hairy plant, 

8 cm., found in the Orkneys and Shetlands, which he says must be 

the P. hirsuta Gilibert Fl. Lith. i., 17. 1781, an identification I ha"e 

been unable to confirm. There is also a var. recurvata, based on 

Cornish plants, said to agree with authentic specimens from France. 

It was described as a species in the Linnean Mantissa. My own List 

contains the vars. minor Hook., pygmaea Kjellm., which


should be pumila (Kjellm.), hirsuta Syme, latifolia Syme, and 

'dentata Wirtg. Allusion has already been made to the polymorphy 

of P. maritima, which it shares with the other 

British represen.tatives of the genus. In this instance it is 

increased by the fact that the plant, though essentially littoral, 

also grows in inland localities. The halophytic forms again have 

two grades:---those of muddy places and those of arenaceous or 

rupestral habitats. Normally the broad-leaved halophytes are found 

on the rich mud of tidal rivers and estuaries, e.g., the banks of the 

Beauly River, Inverness; near Newquay, Cornwall; the Crouch 

estuary, the foreshore of the tidal Thames, &c. In these plants the 

leaves are over half an, inch wide. The almost glabrous leaves are 

occ'asionally toothed (dentata). As the mud becomes denser usually 

the leaves become narrower. On rocky and sandy ground i~ full 

exposure the plants become 'dwarfed, the leaves narrower, and then 

they often have the tuft of hairs more or 1ess developed at the top of 

the rootstock. Normally the leaves themselves have only scattered 

ha.irs. The'refore we ha,ve on the softest mud the vars. latifolia. and 

dentata, on the stiffer muddy foreshore the type, and on rocky ground 

the var. leptophylla, characterised by its long and narrow leaves, and 

on the ~xposed surface of rocky and sandy headlands such plants as 

lanosa Edmondston, the rewrvata of Williams, the pumila of Kjellmann, 

and plants which have been wrongly assigned to the var. 

minor of Hooker. In inland, and especially mountainous places,,-we 

have narrow, long-leaved plants which have been, with some doubt, 

referred to serpentina ViII., and others with a very woody and prominent 

rootstock and, it is said, with the veins of the leaves unequally 

distant, which I think have been wrongly referred to the 

Linnean alpina. In the Report 171, 1912, therefore, I named the 

montane plant P. Hudsoniana, because Hudson had wrongly based 

his P. montana on a plant gathered by Lloyd on Trigvulcaugh, Carnarvon, 

but he also (under his montana) included a mountain form 

of P. lanceolata, i. e., var. sphaerostachya. The true maritima form 

from that place is referred to by Dr Richardson (C?-rresp. 239), who 

says :-" At the top of the GIyder are Trigvulcaugh rocks, on the 

north side of which, growing out of the cliffs of the steep rocks, you'll 

find the Plantago minor angustifolia, J.B.: This seems to me a 

distinct plant from the ma,rine onc: the lea;ves are ,shorter, narrower,


more rigid; the spikes are shorter. I have kept it in my garden 

ever since I was in Wales with Mr Llwyd [This makes it clear he is 

referring to Llwyd's plant] and it never varies. That from Durham 

and Northumberland is no other than the marine one. I have this 

also in my garden." In a subsequent letter, dated 'October 25,1726, 

he alludes again to it, but queries if it i,s Bauhin's plant. He 

repeats the observations about it which he made to Sherard, and adds 

that it remains constant in his garden. Buddle wrongly thought 

that the lanceolata plant was the one found by Ray, and this misled 

Hudson as he afterwards discovered, so that in the second edition of 

the Flora Anglica he puts the plant of Llwyd and Ray under 

maritima as a var. without a Latin trivial, merely calling it the Mountain 

Plantain. He united under the same species the erroneously named 

P. Loeflingii of the first edition, owing to the figure of Petiver being 

erroneously cited (for Loeflingii) by Linnaeus, the English plant 

being a slightly toothed form of maritima. Babington (Manual 272, 

1856) says" it is apparently P. serpentina Vill .... a distinct 

species," but in 1874 (Manual 289) he says" it maybe serpentina 

or alpina." For these reasons, and because I thought that this 

mountain-cliff plant was a distinct race or a sub-species, I named it 

P. Hudsoniana. I have found it on the Glydyr, in Llwyd's locality; 

on Scuir Alastair, Skye; on the Cnochan rock, Ross and Sutherland; 

on Ben Laoigh, Perth and Argyll. This plant only collaterally comes 

into our survey of maritima. Another plant has now to be considered, 

the minor of Hooker, and for the greater part the hirsuta 

of Syme and Williams. This differs from all the plants mE!ntioned, 

having the whole of the foliage covered with short dense hairs and, 

what has escaped the notice of some writers, wider and shorter leaves. 

This seems restricted to the Orkneys (Roy and Pomona), to Unst and 

the Mainland of Shetland, and was one of the objecils of my northern 

visit this summer. I saw it in both groups of islands. Hooker's 

type was an Orkney plant. Similar ones occurred in Shetland, but 

on the serpentine at Balta there occurred with it a closely-related 

plant. This was much larger and had a very conspicuous rootstock, 

which was covered for some portion of its length with dry 

leaves of many preceding years. This gave it the appearance of a 

branch of Araucaria, since the crowded leaves were lanceolate, narrowed 

to a short point, and covered with a silvery pubescence. It

PLANT NUTES, ETC., FOH. 1920. 41 

had all the appearance of a very distinct species. The variation IS, 

apparently, not due to soil or exposure, since narrow, hairy-leaved 

plants grew near as well as narrow-leaved glabrous plants except for 

the white hairs about the rootstock. Two suggestio'l1s occurred to 

one as this wind-swept barren tract of serpentine was traversed. 

Was this a distinct species crossed with other forms of P. maritima, 

thus giving rise to the great number of intermediate plants, or could 

it be that P. lanceolata entered into its composition and transmitted 

its pubescence and its broader le~ves to the offspring, which have a 

more pronounced root-stock, fleshier leaves and other strong evidences 

of maritima 1 In either case the extraordinary variability of the 

Plantains here might be accounted for. Provisionally, I distinguish 

this curious plantain by the name of P. Edmondstonii in 

honour of the boy-botanist who discovered Arenaria norvegica on the 

very place where this plantain grows. Further research may prove it 

to be a hybrid. The plants had no ripe seeds. Several species, however, 

rarely seed in these northern latitudes. Into this might be 

merged the broad-leaved forms of var. hirsuta Syme and var. min?r 

Hooker. Each of the trivials is rejected on account of the confusion 

arising from their use, and it is by no means ascertained that the 

Shetland plant is identical with Gilibert's hirsuta. The Orkney 

plant is less pronounced than the Baltasound specimens, and some 

may prefer to use the name minor for these small plants under 

Edmondstonii. The specimens in our public herbaria give no idea 

of the latter plant. 

PLANTAGO EDMONDSTONII mihi. 

Root very long, branching as it 

nears the soil-surface into many (up to 20) s1fbsidiary stems, each 

bearing 1-3 scapes. Rootstock above the ground, stout, woody, up to 

2i inches high, bearing crowded, unequally 3-4 nerved leaves, the 

lamina up to It inches long, lanceolate, rather fleshy, thickly covered 

with shaggy, white, loosely appressed hairs, especially on the under 

surface, with a quantity of white tomentum at the leaf-base and on 

the short petiole. Scape up to 5 inches high, strongly but shortly 

hairy. Spike !-I inch long by t inch broad. In several places on 

the serpentine at Baltasound as at Springfield, Keen of Hamar, &c., 

Orkney: Helia, Hoy (Johnston), and near Black Cra,ig, but not 

typical. G. C. DRUCE.

i"---- 


2091. P. MARITIMA L., var. LANOSA (Edmondston Fl. Shetl. as a 

var. of setacen). Balta, Burrafirth, Dnst, near Black Craig, Orkney; 

Scrabster, Holburn Head, Caithness; Betty Hill, Sutherland; Tain, 

Ross; Giant's Causeway, Antrim. The Il:ame precedes linearis Syme. 

G. C. DRU(JE. 

2091. P. MARITIMA L., var. PUNCTATA L. M. Neuman in Bot. 

Not. 251, 1905. At Ya.rmouth, lsile of Wight, this spring, a la,rge 

number of plants of maritima, were va,riegated with blackish-red spots 

which appeared likely to have been caused by 'some insect. They 

are referable to the above variety if the character mentioned is 

sufficient to merit that grade. Lusus or forma seems to be the more 

correct, definition. The plants hart a strange appearance, so regular 

and striking was the spotting. G. C. DRUCE. 

2100 (3). P. ARISTATA Michx. Fl. BOor. Amer. i., 94. Alien, 

America bor. North Queensfeny, Fife, 1919, A. TEMPLEMAN, 

teste W. B. TURRILL. 

Gen. 501 (2). TELEPHIUM L. 

2102 (2). T. IMPERATI L. Alien, Europe. Wensleydale, Yorks, 

1846, Hb. Ansell; colI. T. SmpsoN. There appears to be no other 

record of this adventive species. It seems to be unwise to assume 

that this ever grew wild in Yorkshire. Simpson sent several plants 

to Ansell of dubious indigenity. 

2123. X CHENOPODIUM PREISMANNI Murr = C. ALBUM X OPULI 

FOLIUM. See Rep. B.E.C. iii., 173, 1912, where C. Wheldoni, II 

hybrid with striatum, is recorded. Bradford, Yorks, 1919, J. 

CRYER. Named by M urr. 

2124. C. ALBUM L., var. PSEL'DOSTnIATUM Zschacke, £. SUB 

STRIATUM (Murr) as a var. Galashiels, Selkirk, 191'9, Miss 1. M. 

HAYWARD. 

2124. C. ALBUM L. (vlRlDESCENS St. Am.), var. VIVAX (Sonder). 

See Murr in Mag. Bot. Cap. 9, 1903. Alhm. Falmouth, Cornwall, 

1917, Miss M. COBBE.


2124 (2). C. PSEUDOPULIFOLIUM J. B. Scholz. This, teste Murr, 

is a good species, morphologically and geographically. See Adv. 

Fl. Tweedside 190. These specimens, gathered in 1919, corroborate. 

the rather doubtful identification given in that Flora. G. C. 

DRUOE. 

2124 (.3). C. TREASURI~UM J. B. Scholz, var. COMPLIMENTOSUM 

I\furr, sub-var. PAUPERRIMUM Murr = C. BORBASII Murr (C. OPULI 

FOLIUM X ALBUM). YaJde propinquum etiam C. Preissianum. Aldeburgh, 

Suffolk, 1920, Miss COBBE. 

2131 (4). C. BERLANDIERII Moq., nova forma HASTATUM Murr, 

in litt. Billingshurst, W. Sussex, 1917, A. WEBSTER. 

2144. ATRIPLEX I;ATULA L., var. GRACILIS. Plant slender, 

muoh branched from the base, forming a buffily growth; leaves 

thin, lanceolate, entire, or with an obscure tooth; inflorescence in 

narrow bractea,te spikes; calyces slightly mealy, small, nearly entire. 

Sewage works, Leeds, 1919. [Ref. p. 78.J Sent by J. 

CRYER. G. C. DRUCE. 

[2146. A. CALOTHECA Fr. A. hastata L., p.p. Plants so 

named by Mr Arthur Bennett were found by Mr George Lillie on the 

Caithness coast between Dunbeath village and the Castle, and also 

near Latheronwheel Harbour last September, only they are not the 

caloth~ca. of Fries, but similar, I think, to plants gathered by me in 

the Orkneys, Sutherland, Forfar and Wigton which await a name]. 

Gen. 523 (2). THYMELAEA (Tourn.) Miller Abr. 1754. 

2215 (5). T. PASSERINA (L). Lange in Willk. & Lange Prod. Fl. 

Hisp. i., 298. T. arvensis Lam. Fl. Fr. iii., 218. Stellem Passerina 

L. Lygaea Passerina Fas:, ex Nyman. Alien. Found by Mr 

James Fraser at Levenhall, Midlothian, in 1916. It is a native of 

Central and Eastern Europe. 

2229. EUPHORi3IA ESULA L. See Report 574, 1919. This is 

allied to salicifolia and virgata. Salicifolia may be distinguished 

from either of the others by the lunate involucral glands being 

without horns. The leaves are broadest at or below the middle; 

with thick short hairs, especially on the under surface. In Esula


v. leptochila Godfery. May be wholly green, flowers tinged 

green or somewhat brownish in tinge, usually with a whitish lip 

which is not recurved, leaves lanceolate. Sometimes flowers and 

leaves delicate, sometimes coarser and with the general appearance 

·of E. latifolia. A woodland plant. 

v. vectensis T. and T. A. Stephenson. Usually shorter than the 

last,3 dm. or less, very slender, with rather narrow, greyish-green 

leaves, flowers with lip-point not recurved .and slender petals and 

sepals. Only known as yet in woodland in the Isle of Wight. 

In the two first vars. the ovaries are nearly glabrous, and in the 

third quite glabrous. 

It may also be noted that E. microphylla Sw., a continental 

species with very small, narrow leaves, is also adapted for selffertilisation. 

See Darwin, Fertilisation of Orchids, 102-3. 

2. The reproductive organs' arranged for cross-fertilisation. 

The rostellum is very distinct and prominent. 

E. PALUSTRIS SW. 

The lip is much longer than the sepals, and is hinged, so that 

the distal segment sinks down when an insect alights on it. It is 

frilled and pure white, with narrow, prominent lip-bosses, the whole 

spike broad, the leaves narrow-lanceolate. The ovary is roughly 

hairy. A plant of wet, marshy places and damp sands near the 

sea, very distinct from the other forms. 

E. LATIFOLIA SW. 

Exceedingly variable. When a plant cannot be accurately 

traced to one of the other species, it may safely be placed here. The 

size of the whole plant varies much, also the size and shape of the 

leaves, which may be nearly all at the base of the stem or may clothe 

it up to the flower-spike. They may grade gradually into bracts 

or not. The flowers may be anything in colour from green to dark 

purple, the lip-bosses two or three, rough or smooth, the tip recurved 

or not. The ovaries vary from almost glabrous to hairy, but never 

thickly hairy as in the case of palustris or atropurpurea. The plant 

grows about the margins of woods and seems to love dusty roadside 

hedges. 

E. PURPURATA Sm. 

This plant is usually found with clustered stems, which is a 

rare feature with E. la.tifolia. Its leaves are much smaller than the 

I 

__ .---l

46 PLANT NOTES, ETO., FOR 1920. 

last and ,finer in texture; grading evenly into bracts. The whole 

stem and leaves are usually suffused with violet or grey-violet. The 

lip is greenish-white with lilac lip-bosses and the tip often not recurved, 

the petals whitish-green, an~the sepals darker green. At 

least these characters belong to all the specimens we have seen. The 

ovaries are almost glabrous. A woodland plant much rarer than 

H. latifolia, and once seen easily distinguished. 

E. ATROPURPUREA Raf. (H. ovalis Bab.). 

Usually much shorter than the two preceding species, often quite 

dwarf, flowers deep red or yellowish'-green, with very rugose lipbosses, 

usually three, but sometimes two, the lowest leaves oval and 

usually rich purple beneath, the pedicels and ovaries densely hairy. 

A rare plant growing on exposed limestone ledges. 

H. media of Babington, as treated in British floras, is now proved 

to be a mixture of E. latifolia, and H. viridifiora, and must be 

dropped entirely. E. media of Fries, to which Babington assigned 

a plant which was really H. viridifiora, is a mixture of three species, 

and must also be discarded altogether. E. atroviridis Linton is 

also quite certainly nothing but a form of E. la,tifolia. Some 

varieties have been named, as var. platyphylla (of media) and var. 

angustifolia (of latifolia), also a hybrid of E. latifolia and E. ,atro7 

purpurea, as H. Crowtheri. All these names are assigned by Dr 

Druce. 

Rev. T. STEPHENSON, D.D., and 

T. A. STEPHENSON, M.Sc. 

As I use the generic name Helleborine the foregoing plants would 

be grouped in my List as:- 

H. viridifiora. (Reichb.), var. du-nensis (T. and T. A. Stephenson); 

var.lt,ptochila (Godfery); var. vectensis (T. and T. A. Stephenson). 

H. latifolia Druce, with var. or sub-var. angustifolia, Druce: 

hybrid with H. atropurp7trea= x H. Crowtht,ri Druce. 

H. palustris Schrank and var. ericetorum (A. and G.). 

H. purpurata (Sm.) Druce. 

H. atropurpurea (Raf:) Druce. 

H. or E. media sinks in synonymy and with it the variety 

platyphylla. G. C. DRUOE.


2316. HELLEBORINE- LATIFOLIA Druce. Under the generic name 

Epipactis, now wisely given up by Lindman, Schinz & Thellung, etc., 

the Rev. T. and Mr T. A, Stephenson, M.Sc. (Journal of Botany 209, 

1920), give the result of their examination of what they consider to 

be five good British species-palustris, atropupurea, viridiftora, 

purpurata and latifolia. To this limitation we cordially agree. 

E. m~dia Fries was a compound species having been already properly 

defined, so the trivial media falls to the ground. The character de" 

rived from the plicate-rugose bosses, as I have long observed, varies 

to such an extent as to be untrustworthy for specific definition. This 

the authors show by some well-drawn figures. If Colonel Godfery's 

contention (lournal of Botany 80, 1919) is correct, the question 

arises, as media Fries sinks, whether Babington's trivial should not 

be used to designate viridiflora, since that, as Colonel Godfery shows. 

is the original of Babington's media. This. however, creates confusion 

and is scarcely worth the candle. With regard to Linton's 

atroviridis, I quite agree with me conclusions of the authors 

aga,inst it being cOl1iSidered a species. In the List (1908) I put it, as 

a variety, if indeed it deserves that grade, of latifolia. A good 

definition of viridiflora is given. It is a self-fertilising species, and 

therefore has litt

48 PLANT NO'l'ES, ETC., FOR 1920. 

traveller as an incentive to him to pursue his botanical work. The 

plants are stout and up to 10 cm, high, the stems thick and succulent; 

the infiorescence is as llluch as 3 cm. long; the flowers are quite handsome, 

the conspicuous labellum being 10-13 mm. broad (Somerset 

morio was 8-10), the middle lobe often markedly truncate (unlike 

that of alcLta) and then shorter than the lateral lobes. That it is not 

a mere seasonal freak is evidenced by its being represented in J. 

Piquet's herbarium as long ago as 1850, while there are specimens 

gathered more recently by him at La, Moye. G. C. DRUCE. 

2326 (2). O. PRAETERMISSA, var. PULCHELLA Druce in Gard. 

Chron. i., 76, 1920. Distinguished from pmetermissa by the 

brighter colour (in' whichever shade), the smaller labellum which is 

more angled on the lateral margin, and in its usually smaller size. 

COlllmon in the north-Shetland,' Orkney, Caithness, Sutherland, 

Ross, Inverness, etc. G. C. DRUCE. 

2:326 (3). O. PURPURELLA Stephens. in Journal of Botany 164, 

1920. O. cruenta RoUe, 1 Mueller. The authors have sent a reprint 

of their paper. They say their plant differs from my variety pulchella, 

Inter alia, by having the leaves spotted and the stems more 

th~n half solid. From praetermissct it differs in the lip being m~re 

angled and in the spotted leaves, and from incarnata in the lip being 

broader. The Rev. T. Silephenson (in litt.) suggests "that you might 

consider it to be a hybrid of pulchella with maculcbta, and ,indeed the 

fainter spotted leaves, the markings and the half-solid stem, do indeed 

to us seem to render such an origin possible." But Mr Stephenson 

adds that with absolute definiteness he can say that "such an 

origin is out of the question. There is no pulehella anywhere near. 

In the fields where it grows there are hundreds of specimens, very 

true to type, of a far more brilliant colour than any other specimens 

on the ground, obviously healthy and increasing, We have watched 

them for years. They hybridise with other forms, i. e" latifolia and 

erier-torum.'" I have sent specimens to Prof. Lindman for comparison 

with Swedish cruenta, and he says they are what he would 

.call eruenta. • We are indebted to the Messrs Stephenson for 

their careful work and for the beautiful paintings of the details 

of the life of the British Orchids. It is trusted that the specific

V" 

I 

PLANT NOTES, ETC.; FOR 1920. 49 

character claimed f'Or pwrpwrella may be maintained. It, is a beautiful 

plant. 

2335. OPHRYS APIFER.!. x FUCIFERA. This is identified as O. 

Botteronii ChDdat. It was found by 'Our members, H. WALKER and 

Major J. W. HARRIS, between FDlkestDne and DDver. See Orchid 

Review xxvii., 142, 1920. 

2336. O. MUSCIFERA Huds. Near Canterbury, ERIC OGDEN. A" 

monstrosity in which there is a union of petals with the column, and , 

the consequent transformation into a pair of additional antlers. See 

Orchid Review 1920. 

2405 (3). ALLIUM FISTULOSUM L. Alien, Siberia. On the 

sandy mud-flats 'Of Hayling Island, S. Hants, 1920, Mrs HILLARD. 

Named at the British Museum. 

2411. SCILLA NON-SCRIPTA L. & H., var. BRACTEATA Druce, forma 

STUARTIAE. In a wood near Malvern, WDrcester, April 1920, Mrs C. 

URQUHART STUART. This differs from ordinary bracteata (which 

keeps constant in culture), as Mr R. F. Towndrow, who kindly communicated 

the specimens, says, by the bracts being foliaceous, not 

coloured. G. C. DRucE. 

2416. LILIUM MART.A.GON L. See Prof. R. Chodat in Bull. Bot. 

Soc. Genev. 50, 1919, on La FloraisDn du Lilium 111artagon. 

2440. JUNCUS GEHARDI Lois., forma GHACILIS mihi. The Knab, 

Lerwick, 1920. Plant tall, slender, with lDng narrow leaves, 12-14 

in. ; inflorescence few-flowered, overtDpped by the long bract; capsule 

longer than type. The plant requires further study, as a nearly 

similar plant was found by Beeby at Quayfirth, North Maven. G. C. 

DRUCE. 

2489: POTAMOGETON ALPINUS X GRAMINEUS = X P. NERICIUS 

Hagst. In the River Don, at Alford, N. Aberdeen, with both parents. 

See Report 403, 1918, where I suggested SDme plants were this hybrid. 

Dr Hagstrom now names them as above. G. C. DRUCE. 

2493. P. GRAMINEUS L., var. LACUSTRIS Fr. Tingwall Loch. 

Shetland, 1920. G. C. DRUCE.


2495. P. NITENS Web., var. SUBINTERMEDIUS Hagstr. Loch 

Stenness, Orkney, 1920, G. C. DRUCE, R. J. BURDoN, and Col. H. H. 

JOHNSTON. 

2498. P. PERFOLIATUS L., forma OVATIFOLIUS M. & K.Teviot, 

below Roxburgh, 1912, J. R. MATTHEW; Cherwell, Oxford, 1885, and 

Abingdon, Berks, G. C. DRUCE. 

2502. P. PERFOLIATUS L., var. GRAOILIS Ch. & Schl., forma 

LANOEOLATA Blytt. Mill-lade, near Selkirk, 1912. Named var. 

Richardsonii by Arthur Bennett, but that plant is, as yet, unknown 

for Britain; teste HAGSTROM. See Report 291, 1912. 

2508. P. PANORMITANUS Biv. Ditch near the sea in Wolverton 

Parish, W. Norfolk, 1884, G. C. DRUOE. The earliest determined 

British specimen. See Report 114, 1884. 

Var. MINOR Hagstr. Southill Park, Bedford, 1913, J. E. LITTLE, 

as pusillu8. 

2508. P. PUSILLUS L. x P. TRIOHOIDES = P. FRANOONIOUS 

Fischer. Marsh Gibbon, Bucks, 1913; Buckendon, Norfolk; Swainsthorpe, 

W. Norfolk, 1919; BressingdQn, E. Suffolk, 1883, G. C. 

DRUOE; White Water, near Warnborough, N. Hants, 1897, Miss C. 

, E. PALMERj Peterborough and Mason's Drain, Northants, 1909, G. C. 

DRUOE j M~rden, W. Ken~, as Berchtoldi, E. S. MARsHALL (see Report 

425, 1893); Wytham, Berks, 1918, G. C. DRUOE. 

2508. x P. TRINERVIUS Fischer=P. PANORMITANUS x TRIOHOIDES. 

Swainsthorpe, W. Norfolk, DRUOE; Aberarth, Cardigan [Re£. No. 

2278], E. S. MARSHALL. Named by Hagstrom. 

2508 (3). x P. STURROOKII Benn. = P. OBTU8IFOLIUS x P.ANOR 

MITANUS Hagstr. In the canal near Stroud, Gloster, June 1900, G. C. 

DRUOE j teste HAGSTROM. 

2512. P. PEOTINATUS L., var. DIFFUSUS Hagstr., forma PINGUIS 

Tis. Thames, near Eynsham, Oxon and Berks, 1920. This I have 

previously referred to interruptus Kit. To me it seems specifically 

distinct from pectinatus. The lower portion of the plant differs 

greatly from the upper. G. C. DRUCE.

· PLANT NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 51 

2513. P. SUECICUS = FILIFORMIS X PECTINATUS, var. INTER 

MEDIUS Hagstrom, novo forma PECTINATIOIDES Hagstr., in litt. P. 

vaginatus Bennett, not of Turczaninow. This comes from Tingwall 

and the Asta Loch, Shetland, the locus classicus for P. vaginatus, as 

named by Bennett, where it 'was found by W. H. Beeby. See Ann. 

Scat. Nat. Hist. 235, 1907, and Rep. B.E.C. 702, 1919. In 1920, 

with Prebendary Burdon, three visits were paid to these lochs, and a 

careful search revealed no true vaginatus. A curious plant was. 

however, found stranded on the shores of both lochs and a little in 

situ. It was barren. I have compared it with the P. vaginatus of 

Beeby in Herb. Hume and find they are identical. All the gatherings 

sent to Dr J. Hagstrom, were named as above. On ou'r present 

information P. vaginatus may be deleted from our List. It may 

be recalled that Dr Hagstrom in his recent work on Pondweeds queried 

the correctness of the Shetland identification, since vaginatu8 was not 

found in Scandinavia, Iceland or Greenland, and does not extend 

south of the 60th parallel. A still more unlikely locality was that of 

Anglesey (Rep. B.E.C. 313, 1890). Vaginatus and Berchtoldi therefore 

disappear from our Li.st. G. C. DRucE. 

2527 (3). CYPEHUS CONGESTUS Vah1. iIJariscus congestus C. B. 

Clarke. Bradford, Yorks, 1918, J. CRYER. See Report 528, 1918. 

Det. A. THELLUNG. 

2529. ELEOCHARIS MAMILLATA H. Lindberg fi1. It is thought 

this copy of Lindberg's description of the plant closely allied to. 

palu8tris might induce members to search for it in Britain. It was 

found in " Fennla, Savonia borealis," and " in fossa limosa prope 

Jorois, August, 1902." The plant, which has hitherto been recognised 

in the North as Scirpus or Eleocharis palustris, consists of two 

entirely distinct species, viz., Eleocharis (Scirpus) eupalustris and 

E. mamiUata. They may be distinguished by the following characters 

:-Eleocharis eupalustris mih,i. Stem dark green, firm, with 

about 20 vascular bundles, with palisade cells all round. Fruit eggshaped, 

with four bristles or none, the bristles with short appendages. 

Base of style elongated, . clearly constricted. El'eocharis man:-illata 

mihi. Stem bright green, soft, with about 12 vascular bundles, with 

palisade cells only above the vascular bun,dles, distinctly furrowed

PLANT NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 

when dry. Fruit almost round, with 5-6 (8) bristles, the bristles 

with long appendages. Base or style low, mamillate. 

2531 (2). E. TRIANGULARIS Reinsch., n. sp. Germania. 

Bavaria. In uliginosis prope Erlangen, 260 m.s.m. Iunio et 

Augusto 1902. This new species differs but little in habit from its 

nearest ally, E. acicularis (L.) R. Br. Very constant distinctive 

characters, however, are found in the structure of the stem, especially 

with respect to the number of the vascular bundles and longitudinal 

air-cavities :- 

E. triangularis-Transverse section of stem with three central 

air-cavities. Vascular bundles three (parietal). 

E. acicularis-Transverse section or stem with four central aircavities. 

Vascular bundles four (parietal). 

The outline of the section varies to some extent in both species. E. 

triangularis is about Erlangen the more frequent form, having an 

almost equal-sided triangular outline. In E. acicularis the outline 

is rectangular, six-sided, or even almost ellipsoid. This plant should 

be sought for in Britain. 

2551. ERIOPHORUM ALPlNUM L. In answer to my enquiry, which 

has been suggested by a note in the Gardeners' Chronicle, Mr W. 

Stansfield tells me he found it in 1900 in the company of Mr Foggitt, 

he thinks, between Glen Phee and Little Tom Buidhe, or somewhere 

in that area. The specimens were enclosed with several rare 

Grampian plants to a Mr Cockshott, a surgeon of Strangeways, 

Salford, who has now been dead many years. He it was who 

identified it. Unless Scirpus caespitosus, which, in that area 

has often ~on8picuous bristles, is mistaken for it, this statement 

of Mr Stansfield's, for which I am greatly indebted-may 

he live long to enjoy his I etirement-suggests the advisability of a 

systematic search for this extinct British species! It is scarcely 

likely to have escaped the eyE,s of Mr and Mrs Corstorphine, who 

know that ground well. 

2559. CAREX RIP ARIA, var. GRACILIS, in Britain. In July, 1914, 

Mr E. Thurston, O.I.E., who lately presented his fine herbarium of 

Cornish plants to Kew (see K.B., 1920, p. 44), collected an interesting

.PLANT NOTES, ETC., FOR 1920. 53 

sedge in the Gunwalloe Valley, Cornwall. After careful investigation 

it has been concluded that the earliest name applicable to this plant 

is Carex riparia Curt., var. f3 gracilis Coss. et Germ. Flore de Paris, 

1845, p. 605, where the following description is given: ." Tiges 

presque lisses sur les angles. Feuilles souvent vertes. Epis males 

solitaires ou gemines. Epis femelles laxifiores, longuement pedoncules, 

souvent pendants. Utricles longuement depasses par les 

ecailles. Ecailles tres longuement cuspidees-aristees.-A. R.-endroits 

marecageux ombrages.-Corbeil! Mennecy I La cour de France! 

&c." The variety is kept up by Husnot, Cyperacees de France, p. 

54 (1905-06), but ROllY et Foucaud Fl. de France, vol. 13, p. 486 

(1912) make it a synonym of var. gracilescens Hartm., ap Anderss., 

sub-var. aristata Rouy et Fouc. Carex riparia, var. gracilescens 

Hartm., has been considered by some authors the hybrid C. riparia x 

vesicaria (see J. G. Laurell in .AUg. Bot. Zeitschr. 1900, p. 197). The 

Cornish plant does not suggest a hybrid nature. Kukenthal (in 

Engler Pjlanzenr., iv., 20, p. 73) apparently considers the var. 

gracilescens Hartm. a mixture, and, not having seen the still earlier 

description and name of gracilis Cosson et Germain, he makes the 

new combination var. subgracilescens for what is apparently the same 

variety. In the Kew Herbarium a specimen from the Isle of Wight, 

collected by Dr Bromfield in a wet salt marsh at the mouth. of the 

W ooton creek between Ryde and Cowes, in May 1846, has long 

peduncles to the female spikes and acuminate glumes longer than the 

utricles, and must be referred to the. var. gracilis Coss. et Germ. It 

is somewhat abnormal in having androgynous spikes. Lastly, a. 

plant referred to in the Report for 1915 of the Botanical Society and 

Exchange Club, p. 379, is the same variety. The following information 

is there given: "Carex riparia, Curt., forma. Tickenham 

Moor, N. Somerset, V.-c. 6, June 5,1915. Growing in an open rhine, 

free from shade." -Miss Ida M. Roper. "Remarkable for its very 

long lower peduncles and female glumes."-E. S. Marshall. "A 

curious and interesting form of riparia, exactly analogous to C" 

vesicaria L., var. pendula Uechtr. Herb. Cf. Asch & Graeb. in Syn. 

Mitt. Fl. 212, 1903. It may be called f. pend1tla."-A. Bennett. A 

specimen of thus plant has been seen· in the private herbarium of Mr 

Bruce Jackson, A.L.S. W. B. TURRILL in the Kew Bulletin, No. 4, 

1920.

PLANT NOTES, 'ETC., FOR 1920. 

2619. C. DIANDRA Schrank. Moss of Durkadale, Orkney, August 

1920, R. J. BURDoN, G. C. DRUCE, and Col. H. H. JOHNSTON. The 

fruits of this differ from typical diandra and are exactly similar, 

teste D. Lumb, as are the nuts, to Gibson's plant from Seaman's Moss 

Pits. 

[2619. C. DIANDRA x PANICULATA at Lomma Skane, Sweden, 

differs from the original German hybrid. O. R. Holmberg in Bot. 

Not. 249, 1918. This should be looked for in Britain, where the 

species grow together. ] 

2645. ZEA MAYS L. The origin of this plant has been for a 

long period a theme for discussion, EtlChlaena mexieana being the 

most probable. J. Ruwada (Journ. Coll. Se. Imp. Univ. Tokio 

xxxix., 10) in a valuable research supports the view of Collins that 

Maize is a hybrid of the above with some species of Andropogoneae. 

There are ten pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of Euehlaena 

Maize and species of Andropogon;, they are longer than those or 

Andropogon, and in Maize the length varies. Each pair consists 

generally or a longer and shorter chromosome. Ruwada thinks that, 

as in some races of Maize the chromosomes number not ten but eleven, 

or twelve, it may be conjectured that the great variation exhibited by 

Maize inay be in part due to mutations of which the increased numbers 

or chromosomes is an indication. One need not wonder at its variation 

considering its very remote cultivation, which is probably even 

longer than that of Wheat. There is an unpublished monograph in 

the Gay MSS. at Rew. 

2687 (2). AGROSTIS PALLIDA DC. & Lam. Fl. Fr. Suppl. 251, 

1815, non Willd. Alien, Portugal, S. Europe. Leith Docks, Midlothian, 

1920, J. FRAsER & R. GRIERSON. 

2689 (3). A. 'ERIANTHA Hackel in Viert. Nat. Ges. Zur. xlix., 

172. Alien, South Africa. Bradford, York, J. CRYER. Named at 

Rew. 

Gen. 658 (2). DICHELACHNE Endl. Prod. Fl. Ins. Norf. 20, 

1833. 

2701 (5). D. CRINITA (L. f.) Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zey. i., 293. 

Alien, New Zealand, Australia. Netherdale, banks of Gala, Selkirk,


September 1916, I. M. HAyw.ARD. 

Adventive Flora of Tweedside. 

An addition to the plants in the 

2705 (2). AIRA PROVINCIALIS Jord. Pugill. 112. Avena provincialis 

Nym. Alien, Leith Docks, Midlothian, 1903, JAMES FRASER. 

In lnd. Kew this is merged with A. capillaris Host, but Coste and 

Rouy keep it as a distinct species, the latter author indeed putting 

it in a separate section from capillaris. He says it is exclusively a 

. French species, growing in sandy places along the Mediterranean 

and occuring at St Florent, &c., in Corsica. 

2706 (3). A. CUPANIANA Guss. Fl. Sic. i., 145. Alien, Portugal, 

Spain, France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Tunis, Algeria, Maroceo. 

Leith Docks, Midlothian, October 1920, JAMES FRAsER. Allied to A. 

caryophyUea, with which it is combined in lnd. Kew. but kept distinct 

by Grenier & Godron, Rouy, Coste, and NYman. It differs mainly 

in its truncate, mucronate, obtuse, denticulate glumes. Rouy places 

stress on the top of the peduncle being thickened into a ring, whereas 

in caryophyllea it is .merely thickened. This character appears 

scarcely sufficiently constant in examples I have examined. Coste 

lays stress on the shorter peduncles of Cupaniana and the somewhat 

smaller spikelet. I have gathered it at Hyeres and Ajaccio. G. C. 

DRUCE. 

2714. HOLOUS LANATUS L., forma DIFFUSA mihi. In the Island 

of Hoy, as well as in other places on Pomona in the Orkneys, the 

Yorkshire Fog occurred with a panicle much more lax and diffuse 

than the common British form, .July and August 1920, G. C. DRUOE. 

2714 (2). H. SETOSUS Trin. in Mem. Ac. Petersb. ser. v., vi., 

ii., 87, 1840. H. setiglumis Boiss. & Reut. H. annuus Salzm. 

Alien, Spain, North Africa. Leith, .Midlothian, J. FRASER. 

2742. KOELERIA ALBESOENS DC., var. GLABRA DC., forma 

DOLIOHOPHYLLA Domin, in litt. Foliis infimis innovationumque 

elongatis culmos cum paniculis manifeste super anti bus excellens, 

glabriflora. . 

Forma PUBIGLUMIS Domin, f. nova, in lilt. Glumis glumellisque 

pubescenti-hirsutis excellens. St Cyrus, Kincardine, G. C. DRUCE.


2785. FESTUCA RUBRA L., near Cardiff, W. O. HOWARTH, M.Sc., 

in the New Phytol. xviii., 263-286, 19,19, with 14 figs. In this carefully 

prepared paper Mr Howarth describes three forms which he has 

had under investigation. One is gra.ndiflora, from Dr Trow's 

garden; the second, from Shepstow, is glaucescens; and the third, 

which is glaucous-green with smooth rachides, is from the Barry 

pebble-ridge. This he names sub-var. tenuifolia. Elatior; folia 

innovationum mollia setacea (0.8 mm. diam.), obscure glauoo-viridia 

vaginae hispidulae; panicula densiuscula (9 cm. long), spiculae 

magnae (2 mm. longae); glumae fertiles 5-7 mm. longae, breviuslongius 

anstatae. It grows (i.) in the salt-marsh, ... associated 

with typical halophytes; (ii.) on the pebble-ridge with xerophytes; 

(iii.) on hard exposed rocks in scanty soil, calcareous and welldrained; 

and (iv.) on the calcareous tufa of the cliff-face. The comparative 

morphology, anatomy, and histology are given of the three 

forms, which Mr Howarth says, are quite stable, distinct in both 

vegetative and floral characters, and in choice of habitat. This might 

well call for their being raised to varietal rank, and supports my 

contention that comparative cultivation will greatly increase the 

number of varieties. In the Journal of Ecology vii., 216, 1920, 

Mr Howarth gives notes on the habitats and ecological characters of 

the above plants. 

2868. EQUISETUM ARVENSE L., var. PSEUDOSILVATICUM Milde. 

Roadside near Waverley, Surrey, 1920 [Ref. No. 2253], C. E. BRIT 

TON. Rouy (Fl. Fr. xiv., 495) says like nemorosum but" rameaux 

plus allonges, longuement rameux et a rameatix secondaires 5-gones." 

In this specimen the branches are somewhat shorter than in 

nemorosum. 

2885 (2). ASPLENIUM ONOPTERIS L. As A. Adiantum nigrum, 

var. acututm Poll., Mr R. L. Praeger (Irish Nat. 13, 1919) publishes 

a forma lineare (which is type Onopteris) and f. ovatum. The latter 

is the plant figured by Moore in Nature Printed Ferns, t. xxxvii., B. 

from a plant collected at Killarney by Dr Allchin, of which I possess 

an original frond. It is the commoner form in Ireland, occurring, 

Mr Praeger says, at Lough Hyne, Schull, Co. Cork; Snowhill, Kilkenny, 

Newtonards, Co. Down. The true Onopteris (acutum Bory)


I have from Rozel, Jersey. A Berkshire specimen from between 

Lucky and W okingham Praeger puts to Adiantum nigrum, but it is 

well on the way to lineare. 

2927 (3). LYCOPODIUl\! CHAMAECYPARISSUS A. Braun. See Report 

iv., 222, 1915. In that place I mentioned the existence in Mr 

C. Bailey's herbarium of a specimen of the above plant, labelled 

L. alpinum, on ,a sheet with true alpinwm from Ingleborough Hill, 

1816, H. S. As yet no corroboration has come to hand, but recently 

some evidence bearing upon the record has come into my pos,session. 

Major Gambier-Parry has kindly given me a herbarium collected 

by J. Ansell of Hertford. In it is a sheet labelled Lycopodium 

alpinum, Ingleborough Hill, Yorkshire, 1810, which also has on it a 

fruiting specimen of L. Chamaecyparissu8, which adds additional 

value to the above record. I venture to suggest that the H. S. in 

Herb. Bailey is Henry Shepherd, a curator of 'the Liverpool Botanic 

Garden in 1836 and nephew of John Shepherd, the discoverer of 

Centaurium latifolium in 1803. The handwriting is, I believe, 

identical with that on a label of Centaurium latifolium collected in 

1839 (John died in 1836), so that both specimens were probably collected 

by him. I am afraid he sometimes sent specimens from the 

Botanic Gardens as if they were from native situations, and it may 

be that both species grew in the garden, but the date 1810 is 26 years 

before he became curator and 6 years before the specimen in Herb. 

Bailey was gathered. She'pherd's herbarium was formerly preserved, 

or rather stored, at the Botanical Gardens. Mr ,J. Wheldon kindly 

tells me that it has now been removed to the Liverpool Museum. The 

specimens were much damaged, so that many plants had to be 

destroyed. It contains !low, Mr Wheldon says, no L. alpinum from 

Ingleborough. The duplicated specimens of a different date 

strengthen the making a special search on Ingleborough very desirable. 

G. C. DRUCE.

58 NOTES .ON PUBLICATIONS. 

REVIEWS AND NO'l'ES ON PUBLICATIONS, NEW BOOKS, ETO., 

1920. 

(Owing to exigencies of space much material has had to be omitted. 

The issue of Botanical Abstracts (see p. 81) will, however, 

render these less necessary.) 

ALLEN, PAUL. New Chenopodium Hybrids. Rep. Sp. Nov. 15, 

177, 1918. The following are included :-C. album x leptophyUum 

= C. leptophyUiform~ and var. glabrum; C. hircinum x leptophyllum 

= C. pseudoleptophyUum; C. Binsianurn, var. acutum; 

(C. hircinum x striatum) x album.= C. Haywa'/"diae x album. This 

he calls x C. basiliense. 

ARBER, AGNES, D.Sc. WATER PLANTS, A STUDY OF AQUATIC 

ANGIOSPERMS. pp. 436, tt. 172, 1920. Camb. Univ. Press; 31/6. 

AROHANGELI, GIOVANNI. On Diospyros Kalci, var. Lycopersicum 

in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ort.ic. xliv., 1919. 

BABCOOK, ERNEST B. Crepis: a Promising Genus for Genetic 

Investigations. American Naturalist 270, 1920. 

BABOOCK, ERNEST B.; and COLLINS, JULIUS L. Interspecific 

Hybrids in Cr'epis capillaris Wallr. and C. tectorum L. Univ. of 

Calif. publications in Agr. Sciences ll., 191, 205, 1920. 

Crepis species are known to possess low chromosome numbers, and 

the writers have given genetic investigation to these two species, 

tectorum having one more pair of chromosomes than capiUaris 

the latter having only three pairs. The two species were cr0ssed, 

one methcd being to emasculate the female parent flowers, the other 

to wash the female plant free of pollen by the use of a fine jet of 

water. The latter method was used when the capillaris plant was 

shown to be self-sterile. These closely allied species differ in the 

size of the achenes. Those of t~ctorum range from 3.5 to 4 mm. in 

length, those of capillaris from 2.0 to 2.5 mm. The cotyledons of 

capillaris are approximately 5 mm. wide and 4 to 6 mm. long, those 

of tectorum are narrower, ranging in length around 6 mm., while

NOTES ON PUBLICA'l'IONS. 59 

they are only about 3 mm. wide. The results of culture experiments 

are given. 

BALFOUR, Prof. L B. New Species of Rhododendrons. Notes 

from the Royal Botanical Garden, Edinburgh, lii-lix. Forty new 

species, chiefly from China, are described; they are the Rubi of the 

East. 

BEVIS, J. F., B.A., B.Sc., and JEFFlmY, H. J., A.R.e.Sc., F.L.S. 

BRITISH PLANTS: THEIR BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. pp. vi., 346, tt. 115. 

Second edition. Methuen & Co., London, 1920; 7/6. The book 

is divided into three paJ:ts. (1) Fundamental ecological considerations-water, 

temperature, light, air and soiL (2) A general 

description of British plants examined in the light of these factors 

and considered as an outcome and expression of them. (3) The 

physiognomy of the British flora in its most conspicuous associations 

to explain its origin and develop~ent, and to analyse its 

present distribution. In treating of the Environment and its influence 

upon vegetation ten chapters are occupied,' and the st;udent 

must be a dull one who fails to obtain a good general idea of the 

subjects discussed. Eight chapters are devoted to Plant Biology, 

\vhich is equally well treated. Twelve chapters are occupied in 

. treating of the third of the subjects alluded to above. To account for 

the great wealth of variation it is stated two theories are possible, 

the " Special Creation" and the " Evolution," and that only the 

latter can account for the facts. This seems somewhat bald, and 

so far as the second " and only possible one" may demand some 

fut:ure modification. The Darwinian theory of the accumulation 

of minute differences which ,eventually produce a new species is contrasted 

with De Vries' Mutation Theory, the latter ?f which is suggested 

to be the more probable. " The peach is regarded as a 

mutation of the almond, the nectarine is undoubtedly, a mutation 

of the peach." In treating of the origin of the British Flora the 

generally accepted explanation of its coming after the Ice Age from 

the Continent is given and the scales are held evenly between the 

different views relating to the presence of the Lusitanian element 

in our flora. Regarding the rarity or absence of endemic species 

in Britain it may be stated that while Oenanthe fiuviat~7is occurs in

60 NOTES ON PUBLICATIONS. 

Germany and Denmark, there are some Rubi and several Hieracia 

not yet known to occur on the Continent, and a closer study of 

micro-species will doubtless increase the number of endemic forms. 

Of eight forms of Taraxacum sent by the writer to Dahlstedt not 

one' was identical with any of the three hundred species known from 

Scandinavia. Another Lusitanian species might be added-that of 

the recently-discovered C enta1J,ri1lm scilloides, var. portense. Simethis 

bicqlor is not, as stated, found in Devon, but Dorset, to which 

county it probably came in recent times. If the standard of specific 

distinction be that of " always breeding true from seed," the number 

of species would not be lessened. The "bewildering multitude" 

of Hieracia would probably in most cases stand that test. So, too, 

would many more colour varieties. It is already known that 

Geranium lancastriense remains fairly constant under changed 

conditions. The whole matter cannot be easily answered. For 

instance, the authors say that " in the West of Ireland there grow 

together two saxifrages-'--S. umbrosa and S. Geum. According to 

Babington they are distinct species. According to Clement Reid 

they are divergent for~s, for he saw growing among them a nearly 

complete series of intermediate forms." Bentham made 'a similar 

remark about the Primrose and ,Cowslip,. Equally erroneous statements 

have been made about Geum rivale and G. urbanum. The 

fact is that the observations were correct but wrong deductions were' 

drawn. S. Geum and umbrosa, Primula veris and vulgaris, Geum 

rivale and urbanum are ,pairs of distinct species, but where they 

grow together they readily hybridise, and their hybrid offspring 

make a chain of intermediates. Where' G. 1lrbanum grows away 

from rivale intermediates do not occur. The chapters on Ecology 

abound with interesting material. One may add that the Lizard 

Orchid is not -confined to Kent. Sagina Boydii might well have 

been omitted. Evidence is lacking for the occurrence of Saxifraga 

caespitosa in Westmorland, nor is there scientific evidence of the 

occurrence of Cochlearia groenlandica on a mountain cliff anywhere 

in Britain. Silene acaulis and ThalictTum a.lpinum might have 

been cited as examples of alpine plants occurring on the sea coast. 

But these are minor points, and we can commend the book as being 

eminently useful. An additional claim for gratitude is the Bibliography 

and the epitome of the -Mendelian Theory in th~ Appendices.

NOTES ON PUBLICATIONS. 61 

BLAKE, S. F. Directions for Collecting Flowering Plants and 

Ferns. U.S.A. Dept. of Agriculture Circ. No. 76, 1920. This excellent 

pamphlet of 8 pages can be obtained for five cents from the 

Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. As practical 

points which may be mentioned, it suggests that a vasculum should 

be painted white, not black, and that corrugated straw-boards are 

excellent for placing amongst the drying paper. 

BLATTER, ETHELBERT. FLORA ARABICA. Ranunculaceae to Moringaceae, 

p. 1-123, 1919. Record of the Botanical Survey of India. 

The arrangement is acco;ding to Bentham & Hooker. The names 

lYa,stw,tium and lYeslia are used instead of Radicula and Vogelia. 

The distribution and vernacular names are added where possible. 

The North African Desert and the Mediterranean area afford the 

chief elements of the flora. 

BLATTER, E. with P. F. HALLBNRG and C. M'CANN. Contributions 

to it Flora of Baluchistan, in Jom·n. Ind. Botany, 1919-20. 

BoccoNE, P AULO. His Herbarium at Lyon. See R. Pampanini 

In Nuovo GioI'. Bot. Ital. xxvi., 1-20, 1919. 

BOSE, Sir JAGADIS CHUNDER. 

Nature 615, 648, 1920. 

Research on Growth of Plants, In 

BOT-',NICAL ABSTRACTS. Williams & Wilkins Company, Balti 

Illore, U.S. Camb. Univ. Press, Fetter Lane, London, E.C. Vol. 

iii., six parts, January-June; vol. iv., pt. 1~ July; vol. v., pt. 1 and 

2, August and September; vol. vi., pt. 1 and 2, October and November. 

These Abstracts are becoming more representative but so far 

as Britain goes are still inadequate. Our own Reports, which have 

the largest circulation of any purely Botanical publication in Britain, 

are not even mentioned, although it has been, thought necessary to 

quote from other sources a' paper giving the height of Cirsiu1n 

pnlustre, an erroneous account of Barbarea rivularis and stricta, 

and the exciting record of Gali111n erectum from Somerset, for which 

county it is already recorded. 

BOULENGER, G. A. 

Botany 16, 1920. 

Some Roses from Dor-setshire, in Journal of 

. ... ~


BOWER, Prof. F. 0., F.R.S. The Earliest Known Land Flora. 

Royal Institution Discourse .. See Nature 68'1, 712, 1920. "The 

morphology of land-living plants is again in the melting-pot:" The 

new facts" link the Bryophytes and the Pteridophytes more closely 

together than ever before." 

BOWER, Prof. F. 0., F.R.S. JOSEPH DAL'rON HOOKER, O.M. pp. 

62. London, S. P. C. K., 1919; 2/-. A useful account of the great 

botanist, but we still lack a volume which gives the collector's and 

explorer's side of his character, not have his powers as a keen 

systematist yet received adElquate treatment. 

BRITTEN, JAMES. Some Early Cape Botanists and Collectors, 111 

Journ. Linn. Soc. xlv., pp. 29~51, 1820. Paul Hermann (1640-98), 

Oldenland, John Foxe, F. Kiggelaer, F. P. Oldenburg, Andreas 

Auge, Francis Masson (1741-1805), C. P. Thunberg (1743-1828), 

William Roxburgh (1751-1815), are among the earliest botanists 

mentioned in this valuable contribution towards the history of South 

African Botany. No mention is however made to one of the earliest 

collectors, Alexander Brown, circa 1700, who sent a large number of 

plants to Daniel Dubois which are preserved at Oxford. 

BRITTON, N. LORD. A Botanical Expedition to Trinidad, 

111 Jpurn. New York Bot. Gard. 101, 1920. This gives 

a most interesting description of his and Mrs Britton's visit 

in 1920 to that most beautiful island. They brought back a very 

large gathering of over 2000 field numbers, among which was a new 

H ydrocotyle. I had gathered this in my first visit, but it had remained 

unnamed. They saw that uurious terrestrial Bladderwort 

Arcylinm in the Northern Mountain. Reserve, growing on wet banks. 

There, too, a slender, climbing bamboo-grass ascends trees, and there 

is a yellow-flowered, high-climbing Senecio. The flora of that region 

iOi very rich. They also visited the fine Mora Forest, where the Balata 

rubber trees are wonderful objects, as well as others, such as 

Dimorphoandra excelsa, a gregarious species. In their recent visit 

to Oxford, all too short as it was, they not only named many of my 

gatherings but pleasant recollections of that rich botanical hunting 

ground were revived, and we shall await with interest the publication 

of the results obtained.

-----------' 


BRITTON, N. LORD, and ROSE, J. N. THE CiCTACEAE. Descriptions 

and illustrations of the Cactus Family. Vol. i., pp. 236, 36 

col. plates, 30} text figures; vol. ii., pp. 237, 40 col. plates, 305 text 

figures, September 1920. A very costly work issued by the Carnegie 

Institute. ' The figures are excellent. 

BRIT'roN, N. LORD, and MILLSPAUGH, C. F. THE FLORA OF 

BA:Ei:AMA. 8vo., pp. 695, Ackerman, Lorillard Mansion, Bronx 

Park, New York City; 6 dollars 25 cents. The volume includes, 

with the cellular Cryptogams, 1952 species, of which 185 are supposed 

to be endemic. The Bahama includes 29 islands and very 

many isolated rocks, with a land surface of 4424 square miles. 

CHEESMAN, W. N., F.L.S. A SPRIG OF ACACIA. This brochure 

treats of the Acacia as an emblem in Masonry and directs attention 

to its being often represented by the False Acacia, Robinia Pseud 

Acacia, 'whereas Acacia arabica should be the one depicted. 

CLEMENTS, F. F. PLANT INDICATORS: The Relation of Plant 

Communities to Process and Practice. pp. xvi., 388, tt. 92. Carnegie 

Institute, Washington, No. 290, 1920; 7 dollars. The species 

M ertensia [Pneumaria] sibirica is indicative of the condition 

" deep shade" in Colorado, and every plant is an indicator of conditions, 

processes or uses. It has been long recognised that certain 

species in Britain are indicative of certain soils. The weakness of 

ecologists often lies in their ignoring the variations of species. An 

intensive study of British grasses will almost certainly lead to finding 

that many of them are good soil-indicators. As we know, Rumex 

Acetosella is of acid soils, and Polygala calcarea is of limestone and 

chal~.


COCKAYNE, L., F.R.S., Director, Dominion-Museum, Wellington, 

N.Z. :NEW ZEALAND PLANTS AND THEIR STORY. Ed. 2, 7 }6. Although 

called a second edition, the work has practically been rewritten. 

COLLINS, JULIUS L. Inbreeding and Crossbreeding in Crepis 

capillaris Wallr. Univ. Calif. Agr. Publ. ii., 205-16, 1920. Pollen 

sterility is one of the results of inbreeding and one plant in a third 

generation culture produced almost no pollen. "Inbreeding in a 

naturally cross-fertilised wild plant causes conditions in many ways 

similar to the conditions produced by inbreeding in maize. The 

maximum reduction appears to be in the third and fourth generations. 

Crossing inbred strains with non-inbred strains produces 

vigorous, rapidly growing plants. Increased size of pots and 

quantity of soil did ROt affect the relationship of vigour and of 

growth." We hope the author will go on to experiment with the 

different varieties of C. capillaris. It is quite possible that some 

may be specifically distinct. Bentham united tectorum and capillaris 

and yet modern researches have shown they possess a different 

number of chromosomes. 

COLTMAN-RoGERS, CHARLES. CONIFERS AND THEIR CHARACTERIS 

TICS. John Murray& Son, 1920; 21}-. 

CHURCH, Dr A. H. Elementary Notes on Coniferae. Bot. Mem. 

No. 8, 1920. Form Factors in Coniferae, l.c., No. 9, 1920. 

DALE, SAMUEL. A Memoir, by Miller Christie, appears 111 the 

Essex Naturalist for 1920; also a paper by P. Thompson on an annoted 

copy of Plantae Woodfordiensis. Warner's own copy with 

notes is in Wadha;m College Library, Oxford. 

DRABBI.E, Dr E. Notes on the Fauna and Flora of. N.E. Derbyshire. 

Naturalist 10, 1919; 11, 1920. 

DRUCE, GEORGE CLARIDGE, LL.D.- Lizard Orchis and other Rare 

Plants in Britain. Gard. Chron. ii., 235, 1920. Plantago Cynops, 

etc., in Britain. l.c. 259, 265. Orchis praet ermissa, var. pulchella 

Druce, l.c. i., 77, 1920.


DYMES, T. A. THE NATURE STUDY OF PLANTS IN THEORY AND 

PRACTICE FOR THE HOBBy-BOTANIST. pp. 173, 1920. Introduction by 

Prof. F. E. Weiss. S. P. C. K.; 6/-. Our member has taken the 

Common Herb Robert for his text, which in a dozen chapters he develops 

into a well-arranged sermon, leading on from the explanation 

of Nature Study of Plants to Physiology, questions of Protection, ' 

Vegetative ReproductioR, Cross Pollination, Wind-dispersal, the 

manner in which water and animals carry seeds, and the dependence 

of animals and plants on each other. The tale of each of these subjects 

is clearly told in simple language and with apt illustration. 

This forms the prelude of the life-history of Geranium Robertianum, 

which is graphically described and makes pleasant reading, while at 

the same time it impresses upon the student the necessity of independent 

and watchful observation. A chapter is devoted to the relations 

of the Herb Robert, the Cranesbills and Storksbills. Those interested 

in Nature teaching will assuredly find a stimulus and help 

in this pleasant volume. 

EHIS, G. S. M. ApPLIED BOTANY. pp. viii., 248, tt. 67. Hodder 

& Stoughton; 4/6. 

FAWCETT, W., R.Sc., and RENDLE, A. B., D.Sc. FLORA OF 

JAMAICA. Vol. iv., Leguminosae to Callitrichaceae; 8vo, pp. xv., 

369, 114 text figures, 1920; 25/-. Sesbania Sesban, a new comb. 

It has already been made. See Vines & Druce, Moris. Herb. 6, 1914. 

The name Pithecolobium is now changed to Pithecellobi,um. 

FERN'ALP, M. L.Nymphozanthus of Richard in Ann. Mus. Par. 

xvii., 230 [the date of which is given in the Kew Index as 18l1], vice 

Nuphar. Rhodora 183-8, 1919. Affords another reason for retaining 

Nymphaea and Castalia for the two genera of the Water Lilies. 

The varieties of Ranunc1llus repens. Rhodora 169, HiI9. 

FISCHER, C. Preliminary Note on the Flora of the Anaimalais 

in Journ. and Proc. Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, xiv., 379, 1918. 

GAMBLE, J. S. FLORA OF THE PRESIDENCY OF MADRAS. Part 3, 

pp. 391-575. Adlard & Son; IO/~.


GEDDES, Prof. THE LIFE AND WORK OF SIR JAGADIS C. BOSE. 

Longmans & Co.; 16/-. 

GODFERY, Col. M. J. The Problem of the British Marsh Orchids, 

in Journal of Botany, 286, 1920. He states that he found O. latifolia 

growing in quantity without other marsh orchids or maculata 

at Vence, Alpes Maritimes, and at Thorenc with rnaculata and the 

hybrid. He thinks this latifolia is identical with the spotted-leaved 

marsh orchis of Britain. He has never seen ringed spots except in 

latifolia and its hybrids. 

GROVES, .JAMES, F.L.S., and BULLOCK-VVEBSTER, Canon GEORGE. 

THE BRITISH CHAROPHYTA. Vol. i., Nitelleae; pp. xiv., 142, tt. 20. 

Published by The Ray Society, 1920. This is one of the most important 

British botanical monographs which has appeared for many 

years .. This group, difficult as regards its proper definition and so 

problematical as regards its position in the vegetable kingdom. has 

been for many years most carefully studied by these authors, not only 

under the microscope but in its natural surroundings, and they have 

spared no pains to bring together the information of each species 

enumerated in this valuable publication. The history of the group 

is traced. They were first separated by Vaillant in 1719 under the 

generic name Ghara. Linnaeus treated them as belonging to the 

Algae, while Withering put them in the Monoecia section, Monandria, 

of Flowering Plants. Richard raised them in 1815 to Ordinal rank; 

Lindley placed them in the Bryophytes; Strasburger in the Thallotypes, 

whose" origin must be looked for in the Chlorophyceae, while 

Sachs says they are so different from all other classes of plants that 

they must be erected into a special group by the side of the Thallophyta 

and Muscineae. Neither Hooker nor Bentham included them 

in their works .on British prants, but Syme and Babington gave them 

a place after the Lycopods, and in that sequence they are enumerated 

in the British Plant List. As the authors say, they are a very 

ancient type of vegetation, some palaeontologists asserting that remains 

have been obtained from the Devonian and Silurian systems. 

The authors have already worked at remains in the Purbeck beds. 

The species are world spread, and occur at low levels up to 14,000 

feet in the Cordilleras of Peru. They inhabit fresh water and in


such as is almost free from mineral contents as well as in water in 

which there is a large percentage of carbonate of lime. C. fragilis 

is one of the hardiest and most ubiquitous, existing in the cold water 

of alpine lakes and in the ho~ springs of Iceland in water which is 

hot enough to boil a,n egg in four mintues. Over 50 pages are devoted 

to the structure and development of the Charas, then follows 

a conspectus of the distinctive characteristics of the oospores and 

membranes by which the group is separated into the 5 genera 

Nit ella , Tolypella, Nitellopsis (which has only one species, obtusa), 

Lamprotkamnium with papulOS1tm as its solitary species, and Cka·ra. 

The first two of these are described in the present volume, leaving the 

two latter and Ckara for the ensuing volume. Then follows the necessary 

glossary and" Adjectival Terms." An interesting systematic 

account gives the history of the British species, the first record being 

that in Gerard's Herball of 1633, where two plants are mentioned, 

both, however, probably referable to vulgaris. It may be added that 

we owe two speGies, one from Cornwall and the other from Donegal. 

to the industrious exploration of Canon Bullock-Webster. The 

authors have retained the four specific names used by Linnaeus, but 

they add" to .attempt to fasten a Linnean name to a modern microspecies 

of bramble. rose, eyebright," or, it might be added, Water 

Buttercup, "is to verge on the ridiculous." They wisely reject 

manuscript names as not entitled to any special consideration. A 

very useful key to the British Nitellae and Charae is given. There 

are 10 British speCies of Nitella and 4 of 'Polypella. In order to retain 

the earliest trivial, l'{itella capillaris G. & B.-W. replaces N. 

capitata. This was discovered in Sutton Gault by the late Alfred 

Fryer, who showed it to the writer there. They name a variety of 

N. flexilis as Fryeri, he having found it in Cambridgeshire in 1884. 

Another of our members, Miss Roper, found the variety of mucronata 

~amed gracillima, and our veteran contributor, Mr J. A. Griffith, 

found the var. erytkrocarpa of Tolypella. glomerata in Llyn Coron 

in 1887. T. nidifica rested on the evidence of an unsatisfactory 

specimen found by the Rev. E. S. Marshall in a lagoon north of Wexford 

Harbour in 1896, but it was insufficient to be figured for the 

work. It was a great delight to find it this August in company 

with the Rev. Preb. R. J. Burdon and Colonel Halcro Johnston in 

the Loch of Stenness,. Orkney, in a situation so remote from its first 

.. ..-J


habitat. Here it grew in some quantity also in brackish water and 

to a considerable size, plants over three feet long being observed. 

They are dreadfully brittle. Fourteen of the beautiful plates are 

from the pencil of Miss Groves and two of the \" Decorations of the 

,Membranes" are by Canon Bullock-Webster. They bear witness 

that even in the twentieth century fine botanical plates can not only 

be drawn but produced. Here we have no muddlings up of the drawings 

of the oospores with the plant, while the details are meticulously 

correct. We offer the authors the warmest thanks for this eminently 

satisfactory volume. One point may be alluded to. Charas have in 

many cases an extremely disagreeable smell, which the authors say 

some authorities state to be due to sulphuretted hydrogen, and Dr 

T. F. Allen suggests that this may be protective in character, deterring 

animals from feeding on them. Bearing on this, one may mention 

that in the early eighties the Oxford drinking water had an intensely 

disagreeable smell and taste, which alarmed the population 

and was attributed to a variety of causes. The smell was, however, 

to the-writer quite definitely that of Charra, and an examination of 

-the water supply bore this out. One of the smaller streams had a 

connection with the reservoir. Normally this was closed against it 

by a barrier. Occasionally, however, when the supply ran short it 

was allowed to run on the filter beds. Most injudiciously, the supply 

was occasionally taken direct from the reservoir. In that year Hog 

Aq,re Ditch, the stream mentioned above, was full of C. vulgaris and 

fragilis, ·var. H edwigii. The water had sunk.,half a foot below the 

ordinary level, so that masses of Chara were exposed to the atmosphere 

and the odour was intensely disagreeable. At that time I became 

convinced that a gas was not wholly, if indeed at all, the cause. A 

foreign chemist stated that the odorous principle was a camphoraceous 

fat. At the moment, however, I am unable to trace the reference. 

Of co-urse, such a possible source of pollution was speedily avoided 

and no similar trouble has since arisen. 

HARDY, M. E., D.Sc. THE GEOGRAPHY OF PLANTS. pp. xii., 327, 

tt. 115. Clarendon Press, 1920; 7/6. Six chapters treat of: 

(1) Asia, the greatest of the continents, with its northern shores penetrating 

far into the polar circle and its southern coast _ bathed by 

tropical seas, containing countries of striking. contrast, with ex-


tremes' of aridity in the great deserts, and the greatest rainfall as in 

Assam. The main features of Asia, such as the moss and lichen 

tundras, Siberia, Amurea, Korea, Sakhalin, Yezo, Kamchatka, 

China, Japan, Manchuria, Malay, India, the I.ndus Desert, Iran, 

Mesopotamia (once so fertile from the irrigation of the Tigris and 

Euphrates), the upland country of Asia Minor (a plateau with an 

average elevation of 3,000 feet, encircled by mountains), Turkestan, 

the Kirghiz steppes, Mongolia, Tibet and the Pamirs, are tersely 

given, and the same plan is adopted in (2) North America, (3) South 

America, (4) Australia, (5) Africa, and (6) Europe. There is a useful 

geographical index, and Engler and Prantl's system has been 

taken for the plant names arranged under each continent. So easily 

do we forget, and, as if the Clarendon Press had not published the 

Index Kew'eMs, so we notice Prunus amygdalus and Vaccinium 

Myrtillus. In fact, the use of capitals is rather haphazard throughout. 

We do not know Populus tremulosa unless it is a misprint for 

tremula. The Cotton is called or miscalled Glossypium in two or 

three places. Does Stipa tenacissima occur in Australia (p. 322 and 

181)~ It is by no means certain that Fritillaria Meleagris is the 

Fritillary of the Russian Steppes. In fact, the plants are evidently 

less well treated than the geography. The work should, however, be 

on one's shelves, for in a small space a mass of valuable geographical 

information is collected. 

HARWOOD, E. H. The Maritime Pine Forests of Gascony, in 

Gal'd. Chl'on. ii., 214, 1920. An interesting description of the 

dunes and of the Pines grown on.them. 

HEDLUND, T. Ribes nlbrum L.,· in Sweden, Bot. Notiser 103, 

1919. The author holds that it is native and that the name R. rubrum 

L. should be retained for it and not, as Janczewski suggested. 

used in another sense. 

HENRARD, J. TH. Galeopsis, een systematisch-floristische studie, 

in Nederland Kruidkundig Arch. 158-188, May 1919. 

HENRY, AUGUSTINE, M.A. FORESTS, WOODS AND TREES IN RELA 

TION TO HYGIENE. pp. xii., 314, with 50 illustrations. Constable & 

Co., 1919; 18/-.


HENRY, AUGUSTIN, and HOOD, MAY G. THE HISTORY OF THE 

DUNKELD HYBRID LARCH, Larix europaea x l~ptolepis = x L. 

eurolepis Henry. In the hybrid only the cells on the central part of 

each surface of the leaf bear p~pillae j the rest of the epidermal cells 

are smooth. The hybrid grows with greater vigour than either of 

its parents. 

HILEY, W. E. THE FUNGAL DISEASES OF THE COMMON LARCH. 

pp. xi., 204. Clarendon Press, Oxford; 12/6. 

HITOHCOCK, A. S., and STANDLEY, P. C. THE FLORA OF THE 

DISTRIOTS OF COLUMBIA AND VICINITY. V 01. 21. Contributions 

from the U.S. National Museum. 

HOLMBERG, OTTO R. Puccianella-Arten and Hybriden, in Bot. 

Notiser 1920. It is to be regretted that the writer' does not consult 

recent British works on the subject. It would prevent the use of an 

untenable name in P. rupestris, which should be Puccianella procumbens 

if that generic name be used instead of Glyceria or Atropis 

The author describes :-(1) P. distans; (2) a hybrid, P. elata (Atropis 

distans and suecica) j (3) P. distans x maritima Holmb. Bot. Not. 

254, 1916 j (4) P. maritima x retrofiexa j (5) P. pannonica = distans 

and rupestris (sic) j (6) P. Foucaudii Holmb.; (7) P. salinaria 

(Simonk.) Holmb.; (8) P" distans x salinaria (Personis) Holmb. j 

(9) P. limosa Schu~ (Holmb.). The point at once arises as to which 

is the valid name for this offshoot from the genus Glyceria. If the 

rule holds good that when a genus is divided the original name must 

go to the genus which has the largest number, then plants belonging 

to Atropis and Puccianella would retain the name Glyceria. The 

other section had already been separated by Fabricius as Panicularia, 

but that name has been arbitrarily ruled out by the Actes. 

The last word on the subject has not yet been said. On p. 95 of the 

Bot. Notiser Holmberg raises the question of the name for the grass 

known to most botanists as Glyceria aquatica Wahlb. F1. Gott. 1820. 

He holds that it should be G. maxima (Hartm. Handb. 1820) Holmb. 

The trivial aquatica is already in use in Catabrosa aquatica-the 

Aim aquatica of L. Presl in 1819 (Fl. Cech. 25) transferred Aim 

aquatica L. to Glyceria [to which it did not belong]. In 1820 Hartman 

put both Catabrosa and Glyceria aquatica into Molinia [to


which neither belonged], the latter under the name maxima, a trivial 

which Holmberg wishes to revive. Of course, if our reed-grass is a 

Molinia Hartman would be the authority, but as the Glyceria aquatica 

Presl is dead it seems scarcely necessary to alter the present 

name. Sagina Linnaei and its hybrid with S. procumbens, in Bot. 

Notiser 203, 1920. In this paper Holmberg rejects the valid name 

S. saginoides, which retains the original trivial, and holds in' 

opposition to Lindman, Schroeter, and others that scotica = S. 

Linnaei. He believes that some of Ostenfeld's gatherings on Ben 

Lawers are the hybrid. Notes on Equisetum, in Bot. Notiser 161, 

1920. Includes E. arvense x telmateia, E. arvense x pratense, E. 

hyemale x variegatum, and E. scirpioides x variegatum. 

HORWOOD, A. R. THE OUTDOOR BOTANIST. A simple manual for 

the study of British plants in the field. 8vo. pp. 284, 36 plates and 

figures in the text and six diagrams and maps; 1920; 18/-. 

HOWARD, A. L. .A. MANUAL OF THE TIMBERS OF THE WORLD. pp. 

xv.,446. Macmillan & Co.; 30/-. 

HURST, C. P. East Wiltshire Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens, 

from Wilts Archaeological and N. H. Mag. xli., 40. An important 

list, in which our member's many additions to the flora of the county 

are given. 

HUTCHINSON, J. Bocconia and Macleaya. 

species, in Kew Bulletin 279, 1920. 

A revision of the 

JE_"-NPlmT, ED. Enumeration de Plantes de Macedoine, in Bull. 

Mus. Hist. Nat. Par., 1919. 

JOHANSSON, K. 

65, 1920. 

llir:


tenuissima. Some of the foregoing plants are very critical, and at 

present I hesitate to pass them. 

JONES, 'Wo NEILSON, M.A., F.L.S., and RAYNER, M.C., D.Se. 

A TEXTBOOK OF PLANT BIOLOGY. pp. vi., 262. Methuen & Co., London, 

1920; 7/-. The writers have ably treated in three parts :-(1) 

The Plani as a Machine; (2)' Reproduction; and ,(3) The Plant, in 

Relation to the Outside World. Terse and clear directions for 

practical work follow each section which renders the book of great 

value to home students ;if such now exist. The chapter on the 

Assimilation of Nitrogen by Plants is excellent, that on Enzymes, 

although very concise, is lucid. The chapter on Soil also contains 

much valuable matter brought together in a practical form. Of the 

many books on the subject recently published this is one of the best 

for the average student. 

KEEBLE, Prof. F. W., C.B.E., Sc.D., F.R.S. Intensive Cultivation. 

Presidential Address to the Agricultural Section of the British 

Association meeting at Cardiff. 

Kops, JAN V.'l.N, EEDEN, F. W., and VUYOK, L. FLORA BATAVA. 

The parts published include coloured plates of Rubu8 humifu8u8 and 

R. caesiu8, var. aquaticu8. 

LARTER, Miss C. E. Twelfth Report, Botany Committee Devon 

Association. Includes Euphrasia foulaensis -Towns., from Moreton 

Hampstead, but on whose identification ~ Our Euphrasias in so 

many instances have been wrongly named that one hesitates about including 

this very northern plant for Devon. 

LE MOORE, SPENOER. A Contribution to the Flora of Australia, 

in Journ. Linn. Soc. 159, 1920. A useful key to the Australian 

species of Tribulus is given. A large number of 'new species are described. 

LEWIS, F. J., and TUTTLE, GWYNETHE M. Osmotic Properties of 

some Plant Cells at Low Temperatures, in Ann. Bot. xxxiv., pp. 405- 

16, 1920. The Linnean Society Journal 143, 1920, contains an interesting 

account of a visit to Kunadiyaparawita Mountain in Ceylon


by F. Lewis. This curious isolated mountain rises from a high 

forest to a height of 5186 feet and lies to the west of the still more celebrated 

Adam's Peak, with which its flora is contrasted. 

LESTER-GARLAND, L. V. The Botany of the Maroccan Middle 

Atlas, in Journal of Botany 97, 1920. 

LDfTON, E. F., fiLA. Re-issue of the FLORA OF BOURNEMOUTH, 

with an appendix. pp. 287-304, 1920; 5/6. 

MARTIN, JOHN N. BOTANY FOR-AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS. pp. x., 

585. New York: ,Viley & Co. ; London: Chapman & Hall; 12/6. 

M'GILL, J. F. BRITISH GRASSES. M'Gill & Smith, Ayr, 

1920. The book contains 65 plates from photographs of 

specimens of mounted native Grasses. These are very useful 

III assisting the non-botanical farmer or the book-read student 

to identify the more common British species, and it can 

be cordially recommended for the purpose. One knows what 

stumbling blocks there are in book descriptions to betray the student, 

so that with these photographs from the actual plants he will be 

enabled to avoid many of them. Having mastered the more common 

grasses the others will readily fall into their places. Among the 

really good photographs Bromus mollis, Dactylis, F~stuca ovina, 

Nardus, Triticum- repens and Poa trivialis may be singled out. If 

another edition, as we hope, is called for, one would suggest the inclusion 

of the more important synonyms, and a scientific rather 

than an alphabetical arr.angement. We are told that Poa nemoralis 

is an excellent lawn-grass, a fact one hardly realised, although to my 

sorrow some plants which I brought from Caenlochan and which an 

expert had named P. Balfour.i proved to be nemoralis, and they 

seeded most profusely in a dry gravelly loam. Avena or, as it should 

be, Arrhenatherum elatius, is said to produce a very good crop of 

hay, a fact only recently realised by agriculturists. Festuca 

rottboellioid~8 is misspelt, but Desmazeria loliacea is a preferable 

name. Spartina Townsendi and Elymus _ arena-NUS should not be 

omitted from the next edition, both being useful grasses though not 

necessarily in ,an agricultural sense.


MAIDEN, J. H. A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE GENUS EUCALYPTUS. 

Vo1. iv., parts 8 and 9, 1919; pt. 10, 1920; vo1. V., parts 1, 2 and 3, 

1920. The plates should be compared with the Poplars in the 

Cambridge Flora. W. A. Gullick, Sydney. 

MATTHEWS, J. R., M.A., F.L.S. Cheshire Roses, in Journal of 

Botany 137, 1920. If Dr Boulenger's contention is correct, R. 

britannica Deseg. must replace JnndziUiana from Moreton. 

MATTHEWS, J. R., M.A., F.L.S. Hybridism and Classification 

in the Genus Rosa, in New Phytologist xix., 15:3-171, 1920. In this 

suggestive paper its author correctly asserts that the more intensive 

study of British plants brings out the recognition of the increasing 

number of hybrids, and mentions the genus Viola, Epilobi'ltm, 

Mentha, and Salix. He might have added Enphrasia and Salicornia. 

In the group arvensis he gives an example of its variation based on 

leaf-serration and the"na-ture of the peduncle. (1) Biserrate leaflets 

(B.), not biserrate (b.); (2) Hispid, glandular or setose peduncles 

(S.), smooth peduncles (s.). From these the following four theoretical 

combinations may be expected B.S., B.s., b.S., b.s. R. arvensis 

is B.s., and its smooth peduncled form is R. erronea. B.S. corresponds 

to var. biserrata. R. stylosa is worked out in a similar 

way. Out of the eight theoretical combinations five have been found 

in Britain. With regard to s"ubca.nina, Mr Matthews asks if it is not 

a hybrid of glanw and canina, and if snbcoUina is not a hybrid of 

dnmetornm and coriifolia. It is noted that in Eglanteria only 10 

per cent. of pollen was fertile, but we are not told if the Sweet Briar 

tested was native or cultivated. It seems to me to produce seedlings, 

An abstract'of Almquist's method is given, that author placing stress 

on glaucousness, greenness, glabrousness, and hairiness of the leaflets, 

their colour and consistence, their form and the direction of the 

teeth, while biserration, the development of glands, etc., are regarded 

as modifications of primary types. Whether we should adopt, as the 

author' strongly supports, a return to the Linnean conception of 

species as a practical contention is somewhat open to criticism, For 

instance, villosa (mollis) and mollissima (tom'cntosa) are two physiologically 

distinct species, each perhaps with a somewhat parallel 

range of variation. Are these not conveniently kept as separate


species and is there any scientific advantage in merging them 1 In 

saying this we by no means adopt the standard of Deseglise. We 

shall look forward with interest to further contributions from the 

same pen. 

MAXWELL, Sir HERBERT. MEMORIES OF THE MONTHS. Sixth 

series, pp. xi., 314. London: E. Arnold, 1919; 7/6. 

MILLSPAUGH, C. F., and SHERIFF, E. E. Revision of the [21 

species of] North American species of Xanthium, in Field. Mus. Nat. 

Hist. Publ. Bot., ser, 4, pp. 9-51, 1919. 

Moss, C. E., D.Sc. THE CAMBRIDGE BRITISH FLORA. Vol. iii., 

Portulacaceae to Fumariaceae. Montia and Cerastium by G. C. 

Druce; Agrostemma, Lychnis, Viscaria and Melandryum by R. H. 

Compton; Fumaria by H. W. Pugsley. Cambridge University 

Press, 1920. pp. xvi., 200. A study of this recently-issued volume 

of the Cambridge British Flora deepens the sense of disappointment 

created by its predecessor, and strengthens the opinion that the flora 

is largely an artificial erection founded upon a set of over-rated 

drawings. After reading the introduction to this volume it. is distressing 

to think that what might have been, botanically speaking, 

a great national work has been here used as a vehicle for petty 

personal animosity. Most botanists will agree with Dr Rendle 

(Nature, 11th November 1920) that" The syndics of the Cambridge 

University Press would have been well advised if they had exercised 

a fatherly censorship on several paragraphs of the introduction to 

the present volume." However, as nobody appears to possess the 

right of surveillance in the matter, and as it is unwise to allow.incorrect 

statements issued under the sanction of the syndics of the 

C: U. Press to go unchallenged, some reference to them seems 

necessary. On p. xiv. Dr Druce is accused of "rejecting the 

International Rules in bulk "-a reckless charge in view of the 

fact that they include 58 articles and 37 recommendations covering 

practically the whole field of citation. Certainly, Dr Druce, on p. 

vii. of the Introduction to his List of British Plants ignores-on 

adequate grounds-the arbitrary " Nomina Conservanda " of the 

Vienna Congress, but only" when other generic names which anpear 

-~ 

I

76 NO'!'ES ON PUBLICATIONS. 

to be properly diagnosed, have priority "-a very important 

qualification. In other words, instead of " rejecting the International 

Rules in bulk" he has taken exception only to the Nomina 

Conservanda-a portion of one of the 58 articlesl We find again, 

l.c. p. xvi., "Druce of course introduces a novelty-he uses a 

capital letter when the trivial name ends in oides. It seems that 

Druce does that always b~cause Linnaeus did it sometimes." In the 

use of capitals for old generic or specific names ending in oides 

Linnaeus was by no means consistent. By general consent the leading 

British botanists use capitals in the former case, but there are 

very many such instances where Linnaeus omitted .to use them or 

used them in one work and not in another. So too with the latter, 

Linnaeus used capitals for them in so many instances that it would 

appear to have been his intention to .use them generally. .At any 

rate, it is unwise to have two methods and the use or" capitals by Dr 

Druce certainly lessens the absurdity of such names as Sagina 

saginoides-the Pearlwort-like Pearlwort--as Sagina Saginoides 

suggests the idea that the trivial must have been established under 

another genus, and it is more in accordance with general custom and 

commonsense to retain capitals in the cases of trivials derived from 

proper names-e.g., Ranunculus Baudotii or Sagina Boydii-tha~ 

to adopt the irritating alternative. However, the matter is not one 

of great importance, but the tone of the Editor's reference 'to it leaves 

much to be desired, especially in view of Dr Druce's appreciative 

review of the earlier volume in the Rep. B.E.C. 1914. The Editor's 

bitter attack on Mr Britten, who had adversely criticised the use, 

in all cases, of small letters for trivial names, (p. xv.) is by general 

consent equally out of. place in so pretentious a work as the Cambridge 

Flora. .As a work of reference we find tb.e present volume 

unequal and disappointing. In many genera the comital distribution 

is singularly incomplete and the maps very misleading. 

Maritime plants-confined to the coast-or plants growing only in 

one locality, afford a reason for shading an entire county, thus 

giving the impression that the species has a much wider distributioTl 

than is really the case. This is specially so with plants like Arenaria 

rubella, Cerastium nigrescens and .A1'enaria riorvegica-each limited 

to a very small area of' Unst-for which the whole of the' Shetlands 

is shaded. It may be added that the altitudinallimits of these rare


plants are inexcusably inaccurate. In Yorkshire, Ar-enar-ia gothiea 

grows only near Hibblesdale, and in Sligo, Aq"enaTia ~iliata is confined 

to the summit of the Ben Bulben range, yet in each case .the 

whole county is shaded. On the other hand, for Dianthus deltoides, 

Carnarvon, Glamorgan, Merioneth, Berks and Oxon are omitted, 

and for Adonis annua, Sussex and Rants (counties in which it is 

most persistent), Kent, Berks and Oxon are not indicated. Glaytonia 

perfoliata is cited for 14 counties. It has also been seen in Jersey, 

Northants, Rutland, Beds, Middlesex, Gloster, Cheshire, York, 

Rothesay, :i?erth, Aberdeen and Inverness; so too with Glaytonia 

alsinoides, for which only 13 counties are cited. It has been found 

in 26. Similar omissions occur for many other species-in both 

volumes-and one doubts whether the maps are worth the space they 

occupy; at any rate their deletion would reduce the high price of 

the book. The illustrations do not appeal to us. Although often 

mechanically accurate they are cold, hard, unnatural and lacking 

in ;ritality. In many cases there is little to suggest that they have' 

been " drawn from living specimens" and on the whole they are 

distinctly poorer than the figures in some modern school-books and 

even than those in works published centuries ago. Frequently the 

specimens (from which the drawings have been made) have 

been badly selected - ej. Stellaria media and Spergularia 

atheniensis. The arrangement of the figures on the plates is often 

very crude and sometimes, indeed, they appear to have been indiscriminately 

thrown on the pages. In view of the high cost of 

material, there seems to have been no attempt to economise space by 

showing 3 or 4 small plants of the same genus (e.g. Sagi1'/:a) on the 

same plate, and the height of absurdity is reached when a whole 

folio page is occupied by half-a-dozen fragments of a disrupted tuft 

of a single species named S. boydi, which Williams in his monograph 

reduces to a variety. Although dIsappointed with the drawings 

as a whole, one expected to find-from their very nature and 

accuracy-much assistance from the dissections, but here again, the 

writer finds them inadequate and suffering by comparison with existing 

work of a much less pretentious character. The standard of 

species chosen in the Flora differs from that of other good critical 

works and upon it much might be said-both ,for and against. The 

following reductions from specific rank afford material for serioull 

•• __ 1


thought :--Caltha radicans, Ranuncul'us reptans, R. scoticu8, R. 

heterophyllus, R. pseudofiuitans, R. lutarius, Herniaria hirsuta, 

Spergula sativa, Sagina ciliata, S. Reuteri, S. scotica, Silene quinquevulnera, 

S. dubia, Thalictrum dunense, and Papave1' Lecoqui. 

With these we may contrast the elevation to species of Nymphaea 

alba var. occidentalis, Sagina Boydii, Thalictrum elatum, Ranwnculus 

aleae and R. triphyllus. Three species are made out of the 

Chickweed-Stellaria media, S. apetala and S. neglecta-and while 

Arwaria leptoclados is reduced t,o a variety, the three closely allied 

A. norvegica, A. gothica and A. ciliata are kept distinct, and so too, 

are A. verna and A. rubella. Mr Sprague (Kew'Bulletin, No. 9, 

1920) has already condemned the use of A.l.~ine in the sense employed 

in the Flora. ~mong the new plants described are several forms 

and a sub-var. of Lychnis Flos-cuculi and two forms of Viscaria 

alpina (Lychnis). Thalictrum elatum J acq. is given as British from 

~ Wales, N. Riding, Durham, Cumberland and Perth. Under 

Rcmunculus Ficaria a new forma luxurians is described and figured, 

and an additional full species of Buttercups is included as R. aleae 

Willkomm. (if.indeed, that be correctly identified), which Rouy treats 

as a sub-species and Burnat as a variety. The treatment 'of the 

Water Buttercups is the most disappointing portion of the Flora. 

Obviously on snch a variable series of plants there must be divergent 

views, but no British bot,anist seems pleased with the names or 

limitations of species here given, and those who know the plants best 

agree in their disapproval of the treatment as a whole. Ten species 

are said to be described; there are only nine given (22 species of 

Ranunculus are said to be included, 23 are described). There is no 

mention of the distinct R. sphaerospermus-by no means a rare 

plant. R. heterophyllus disappears; pseudo-fiuitans is degraded to 

a form of R. aquatilis, a name rejected by most botanists as a nomen 

confusum; and penicillatus is put as a form of R. trichophyllus! We 

cannot for a moment concur in the suggestion that the Lynn Cor~n 

cambricus has any near relation to the Rescobie s1tbaequaneus-the 

confervoides of Hooker (not confervioides as given in the Flora), 

nor should we put the latter under Drouetii. The creation of a large 

number of new' forms-under R. trichophyllus there are three 

varieties and seven forms-adds to the general confusion To those 

who value a stable and uniform system of nomenclature and who


realise how the constant (and often unnecessary) changing of plantnames 

discourages the study of systematic botany it is a matter of 

regret that the revival of long obsolete names (such as R. obtusifl01'US 

for R. Baudotii and of Cucubalus Behen for Silene inflata) should be 

suggested. However, the latter has the advantage of yielding ten 

new combinations and settles-if anyone follows it-the difficulty 

as to the trivial of the Bladder Campion. The distribution of its 

var. pubescens is by no means limited in its northward range by 

Cambridge. Druce has seen it in Lincoln, Baker reports it as 

very ch·aracteristic in Monsal Dale, Lees says it is common about 

Ripon, and it is mentioned in the Flora of Perthshire. The genus 

Lychnis is divided into four genera-Agrostemma, Lychnis, Viscaria 

and :l1elandryum-by Mr Compton, and his description of these 

offers many points of great interest. Dr Druce supplies an admirable 

revision and treatment of Mon.tia and Cerastium, and Mr 

Pugsley a scholarly account of the difficult genus Fumaria. The 

work of the three botanists in question is so uniformly excellent that 

one is tempted to wish tha-t the practice of employing external 

specialists for particula.r genera had been more widely followed, and 

especially that Mr James Groves had been induced to undertake the 

Batrachia. We share the opinion of many that the time was not 

propitious for the issue of so important a work in the original 

instance, and the subsequent abnormal increase in the cost of 

publication does not justify the continued production of so expensive 

a book-especially in view of the pressing need for a reliable British 

Fl~ra in one volume at a moderate price. W. H. PEARSALL. 

MURR, Dr J. FELDKIRCH. Weite,res libel' Urgesteinflora auf Flysch, 

Kriede, Lias und Trias, in Oster. Bot. Zeit. 207, 1919. La mie 

scoperte botaniche nel Trentino dal 1897 al 1906, con alcune aggi- . 

unte. This contains a large number of n'ew varieties. 

NORSTEDT, O. Prima loca Plantarum Suecicarum [from 

Franck, 1638, downwards], in Bot. Notiser, 1920. 

NUT TAT. r., C. CLARKE. BEAUTIFUL FI.OWERING SHRUBS. pp. 280, 

with coloured illustrations by H. Essenhigh Corke. Waverley Book 

Co., 1920; 40/-. 

I 

---~

;------ -.-.--------- ._- ~- --.----.. --.-.-~ 

80 N'OTES 'ON PUBLICATIONS. 

OLIVER, F. W. BLAKENEY POINT, 1917-19. This interesting 

summary states that 'On the New 'Or Samphire Marsh the grDund-level 

has risen a fDDt since 1910. At that date there were abDut 20 clumps 

'Of Aster Tripoli11lm; t'O-day this area is 'One dense growth of Aster 

with a fringe of Salicornia. 

OSTENFELD, C. H. A List of Arctic Caryophyllaceae, in Meddel. 

om Gronland 220, 1920. Thirty-eight species are mentioned, ND. 3 

being Arenaria ciliata, under which as a sub-species is norvegica 

(Gunn.) Fries. It is pleasing tD see that C. nigrescens EdmondstDn 

is the name used fDr the Shetland plant, but which editDrial supervisiDn 

prevented me frDm using in the Ca.mbridge Flora, as Ostenfeld 

says C. arcticum Lange Fl.. Dan., fasc. 50, 1880, t. 2962, is 

'Only in part the same plant and is nDt the C. arcticum Lange Consp. 

Fl. GrDenl. 31, 1880. Honckenya peploides has a var. diffusa 

(HDrnem.) which 'Occurs in Scotland but is omitted frDm the Cambridge 

Flora. Under Minuartia verna Hiern has placed the Ben 

Lawers plant, which alSD 'Occurs in SheHand as var. rubella (Wahl.). 

VDre Linde Arter, in Dansk Skovf. Tidssr. 165, 1920. Describes four 

species 'Of Tilia, giving figures 'Of platyphylla and cordata. A variety 

of the latter is ovalifolia. The Park Lime, T. int'e1'media Hayne = 

T. europaea L., he cDnsiders to be a hybrid 'Of the twD fDregoing. 

AlthDugh usually barren, it has seeded (teste PrDf. SDmerville) in 

OxfDrd. 

OSTElNFELD, C. H. On Euphorbia ES'(tla and its Allies, in BDt. 

N'Otiser 125, 1920. He believes the three species, Esula, virgata, and 

salicifolia, are nDt true natives 'Of Scandinavia. Salicifolia has been 

fDund at Upsala, Esula and virgata in many places, and he gives 

. characters which disting.uish them. 

PELLETT, FRANK C. AMERICAN H'ONEY PLANTS, tDgether with 

thDse which are 'Of special value to the Beekeeper as sources 'Of PDllen ; 

8VD., pp. 297, tt. 155. America Bee JDurnal, HamiltDn, IllinDis; 

2 dDllars 50 cents .. 

PEMBERT'ON, Rev. JOSEPH H. ROSES, THEIR HISTORY, DEVELOP 

MENT AND CULTIVATION. Ed. 2., pp. 334. LDng-mans & Co.; 15/-.


PENNELL, F. W. Scrophulariaceae of the Local Flora. Contributed 

to New York Bot. Gard. no. 212, 1919. It gives keys to the 

genera' and a description of the species. The names Linaria Linaria, 

Mimulus {futtatus and Veronica Tournefortii are employed. 

PENYCOSTE, Dr F. H., and Miss. 

Progress, July 1920. 

Cornish Phenology, in Science 

PROBST, R. Die Adventiv-und Ruderalfiora von Solothurn 

und Umgebung, in Mitt. der Naturf. Gesell. Solothurn. fi 

Heft, xvii., Bericht, 1911-14. Reprint. This contains a list 

of 511 species and many sub-species of alien plants derived 

not only from wool but to a large extent of garden origin. 

A second Beit.l'ag appeared in the same publication in Heft xviii., 

1914-19. This contains a figure of Thellungia advena O. Stapf, supposed 

to be of Australian origin, also Chenopodium auricomiforme 

Murr & Thell. 

PUGSLEY, H. W. Notes on British Hawkweeds, in Journal of 

Botany 281, 1920. Plantago alpil1a and P. maritima, l.c., 149. 

REDGROVE, H. STANLEY. BYGONE BELIEFS, being a series of excursions 

into the Byways of Thought. pp. xvi., 205, tt. 32. W. 

Rider & Son, London, 1920; 10/6. 

RIDDELSDELL, Rev. H. J. British Rubi, 1900-20, in Journal of 

Botany 101, 1920. An attempt to summarise the changes in our 

ideas about British Rubi since the publication of Rogers' Handbook. 

Some of these have been forestalled in the British Plant List. The 

works of Focke and Sudre receive little or no attention. Those will 

doubtless be given later. Plant and 'Rose Records, l.c. lI3, 114. " 

. . 

. RIDLEY, H. N. Plantago Cynops in Kent, in Journal of Botany 

271, 1920. See also page 35. 

RIVETT, MAuD F. The Anatomy of Rhododendron ponticum add 

of flex Aquifolium in reference to Specific Conductivity, in Ann. Bot.' 

xxxiv., pp. 525-550, 1920. 

ROLFE, R. Orchid Review, 1920. This includes a reference to

---------------.. - --- . - - - '-.--.--- .- -- - 

82 NOTES ON PUBLICA'rIONS. 

Colone~ Godfery's paper read at the British Association Meeting in 

Bournemouth. T)1e statement that O. ericetorum was first sep~rated 

from O. 'lfULcUlata by E. F. Linton is not quite correct. Webster 

first named a var. (or, as he thought, a good species) from maculata 

'f!' under the name praecox. It is also a little uncertain whether the 

marsh orchid which crossed with the frog orchid on the Wiltshire 

downs was lati/olia. On p. 113 there is a good figure of a group of 

" O. lati/olia x maculata," which is probably O. p1'aetermissa x 

maculata. Mr RoUe says " it is widely diffused, fertile, and subject 

to reversion." O. elata Poir., a lati/olia hybrid, seeds freely 

at Glasnevin. The original plant was said to be abundant on the 

plains of Mazoule, Maison Carrie, and ma,rahes of Harratch. 

RYDBERG, PAUL. Notes on Rosaceae, in Bull. Torr.Club 45, 

1920. 

SALISBURY, Dr E. J. A Draft Scheme for the Representation of 

British Vegetation in Black and White, in Journal of Ecology 1, 

1920. Forty-five symbols, suggestive of the dominant species, are 

sketched, which seem well chosen for the purpose, now rendered 

necessary by the increased cost of colour-printing. It may be suggested 

that it would be more correct to use "J uncetum subnodulosi" 

rather than " obtusiflori " and " Nymphaeetum " instead 

of "Nupharetum," since the latter is freer fromobjectiol1. 

The question arises, too, with "Glycerietum," which some botanists 

would call "Puccianelletum" and others "Atropisetum," if 

(}lyceria is split into two genera. 

_ SALISBURY, F. F., M.A. Naturalised Plants of Albany and 

BJJJ;hurst, S. Africa, in Rec. of Albany Museum, vol. iii., 1919. The 

poisonous property of Lolium temulentum is said to be due to a 

parasitic fungus in the grain. 

SALISBURY, F. S. SOME HAUNTS.OF WORCESTER FLOWERS. pp. 

82, tt. 40. Worcester, J. S. Phillips, 1920; 1(6. Useful and 

practical. 

SARGEAUNT, JOHN. THE TREES, SHRUBS, AND PI,ANTS OF VIRGIL. 

The poetry of Virgil, in his Bucolics and Georgics, breathes all the


fresh air of the country near Mantua where he was born, or of the 

Sicily of his model Theocritus. We smell his fruits and flowers; 

we hear the cigala in the· bushes; we watch the goats that seem to 

hang from the rock while they are browsing . We are in Sicily or 

in Arcadia or wandering in Northern Italy, and in reading wefeel 

how much the images which he presents to us gain if we can visualise 

the trees and plants which surround his characters and which 

he tells of so often and sometimes describes. To that enjoyment this 

little book contributes by its identification of most of Virgil's plants, 

and it would be well if it were in the hands of all who study or who 

comment on the poems of the great Roman writer. Indeed the 

want of such knowledge has led to some very curious informatioo, 

as when Professor Conington explained that Viburnum Tinus is " a 

kind of wild bay tree." In too many cases, unfortunately, the 

names in Theocritus and in Virgil remain a puzzle. It is difficult, 

for example, to discover any plant which will agree with the stat,ements 

of Theocritus, Virgil, Ovid, Columella and others, as to what 

they called " hyacinth." The author's suggestion of Gladiolus 

, segr-tum may be the best, but would anyone imagine a bull supporting 

his sides on "soft" gladiolus and that under an Ilex, or the 

Corycian at Tarento cutting the flowers of gladiolus while the frost 

was splitting the rocks and "curbing" the rivers 1 In this last 

passage indeed some MSS. have "acanthl" for "hyacinthi" and our 

author seems to adopt this reading on p. 10. In the article on Malus 

the a,uilior says it is difficult to make anything of "mala" in Ecl. ii., 

51, on account of the description of the fruit, "gray with ,soft down," 

not 11Jeing applicable to quinces. It is conceivable that he has missed 

the fragment in which Petronius frankly plagiarises this passage 

and substitutes " Cydonia" for "mala," describing them as 

" velleribus hirsuta canis." Now Petronius, as a bon vivant of 

pronounced character, must have known what his quinces were like. 

Another puzzle is Virgil's use of colour words. On p. 4 our author 

seems a little bitten with Mr Gladstone's idea that the colour sense 

was imperfect with "the ancients." Yet if we reflect on the perfection 

of this sense in much lower animals (as shown by the minuteness 

of protective colouration and of the methods whereby flowers 

attract their fertilising insects) we can scarcely believe that so far 

more developed a being as man could be inferior to them only 2000


or 3000 years ago. Even to palaeolithic man as to savages an acute 

colour sense could not fail to be of use in detecting prey and in 

avoiding enemies. It is easier to suppose that poetic phraseology 

and (alas!) the claims of metre were responsible for Virgil's vaguenesl> 

of colour description. The book is not without its humorous 

side in spite of its learning. The flavouring, which Thestylis (Ecl. 

ii. 10) concocts for the reapers (beaten up thyme and garlic), and 

which was mixed, it seems, with flour and cheese and oil and vine 

gar- 

" herbs and other country messes" 

as Milton puts it-certainly reminds us of the elaborate recipe to 

which some wit appended the advice :-" and then throw the whole 

beastly mess out of the window I" The book is a very admirable 

addition to our resources for the study of the classical names for 

plants. F. BENNETT. 

SCHROETER, C. In the Jahrsb. Schweiz. Alpenclub 170, 1918, our 

hon. member gives an account of the Swiss National Park in the 

Lower Engadine and a description of the dominant plant associations 

of the area, whicili is fully described in Le Pa'rc N ationale, par 

S. Brunies (Beuno Schwabe et Cie, Bale, 1920; 12 francs). 

SEW ARD, Prof. A. C. FOSSIL PLANTS. A text book for students 

of Botany and Geolog-y. V 01. iv. Ging'koales, Conifer ales, Gnetales. 

tt. 190, pp. xv., 544. Cambridge University Press; 21(-. 

SHOOLBRED, W. A., M.R.C.S., F.'L.S. THE FLORA OF CHEPSTOW. 

pp. vii., 140, and map. London : Taylor & Francis; 10/6 net. 

Our member is to be congratulated in producing in times even worse 

than those of war this handy volume. It treats of a very beautiful 

district, which has even a modicum of maritime plants and spreads 

upwards to the wooded heights of the Wynd Cliff and to an altitude 

in Chepstow Park of 900 feet. Its greatest length and breadth seem 

to be 9 and 12 miles. The geological strata and the surface soils are 

very variable, so th~t a rich flora is to be expected. It has one plant 

practically confined to it in Britain, namely, Euphorbia stricta. 

Other rarieties are Hutchinsia, Pyrus cordata (if that be ~he correct 

name), Sedum rupestre, Pyrola secunda, Salvia pratensis, Polygona-


tum odO'l'atum, Lilium lvlartagon, Carex digitata, C. montana, 

Rumex crispus, var. planifolius,' Viola rupestris, and Campanula 

patUta. NII' Shoolbred has included 1013 species of flowering plants 

and ferns and 179 mosses. It may be necessary to say that this 

number includes natives and adventive species. Polygonum cuspidatum, 

which is naturalised on the Wye, and Populus deltoidea, 

which occurs in both counties, may be added. We notice that while 

Helleborine and Centaurium are rightly adopted; Nasturtium is retained 

instead of Radicu1la. We prefer to put the var. oedocarpa 

And. under Ca,rex flava rather than under C. Oederi, which seems 

a distinct species, nor is there need to say C. curta Good., C. canescens 

auct., non Linn., which is reversing the fact. It is C. canescens 

Linn., but not of all authors. So, too, with C. muricata, which is 

L. Sp. PI. in an aggregate and perhaps even in a restricted sense. 

In many instances the plants of Linnaeus' Her,barium do not agree 

with the Species Plantarum, but time need not be wasted in 

reit.erat,ing them. Space issa,ved by omitting the ea,rliest notice of 

plant occ.urrence. To any visitor who wishes to, explore this fascinating 

country the flora may most cordially he recommended. 

• 

SIPKES, C. Dutch Orchidaceae,' in Nederland Kringkundig 

Arch. 145-154, 1919. Includes eight new varieties of Orchis morio, 

one ofHabenaria Gymnadenia, and two of Habenaria viridescen~. 

The author tells me he has found O. praetermissa in Holland, near 

Aalsmeer, Castricum Groede, and Heille on the Belgian Frontier. 

He at first thought it a good species allied to incarnata and not a 

hybrid. 

S:VIITH, H. Vegetationen och dess utrecklingshistoria i det central-svenska 

hogfjallsomradet Nordland. HanndbibI. ix., pp. 238, 

Upsala, 1920. This inaugural aissertation is remarkable from the 

large number of hybrids given which have been found in Harjedalen 

and J amtland. Among them are some which might occur in 

Britain :-Woodsia alpina x ilvensis, Carex atrata x Halle,ri, 

Lwzula arcuata x spicata, Draba incana x rupestris, and Poa 

alpi'(ba x pratensis. This last is named P. herjedaZica. 

SPRA9UE, T. A. Stellaria or Alsine, in Kew Bulletin 308, 1920. 

,An extremely valuable paper, giving the most complete history yet

------. - --~--.---.--- -_. --" -- -_ ...-- ..... - 


published of the genus or genera. He holds, in contradiction to the 

views of many American authorities, that the name Stellaria, should 

be used and should include Aisine media L., notwithstanding that 

Alsine has priority of place in the Species Plantarum, giving a reason 

not previously urged-that Linnaeus, in order to conform to his 

Artificial System, dissociated Alsine, a Tournefortian genus, from 

Stellaria, which he established in 1735. He suggests that "priority 

of place " for genera should be reconsidered, since in Sp. Plo "the 

generic name in Pentandria simply meant tihat it came before one in 

Decandria." He agrees with splitting the genus Arenaria, the 

second genus being Minua1"tia, and disagrees with Moss, who wishes 

to retain Alsine, a name which, as Sprague shows, is untenable since 

it involves ruling out the first edition of the Spr-cies Plantarum, 

which is oonilra,ry to International RuJes. Neither can Alsine be used, 

as advocated by Hiern, to represent Spergularia ( a conserved name), 

since Alsine L. = Stellaria L., and he gives six reasons for using the 

latter name. Moreover, Cyrillo was the first to unite the two genera 

under the latter name, which is allowed by the International Rules. 

Therefore, the name Alsine L., which is badly defined in Gen. Pl. and 

which as a type species is aberrant, disappears, Spergularia being at 

present a conserved name, representing Alsine L. emend Reich. 1832, 

Buda and Tissa Adanson. The last of these has ,strict priority. 

Fernald (Rhodora 1, 1919) however (and in this I should agree) 

uses Arenaria L. so as to include Minuartia. The multiplication of 

these small and often ill-defined genera is to be deprecated, especially 

when it involves the change of well-known names. 

STAPF, Dr OTTO. GRAMINEAE-FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA. 

Vol. ix., pt. iv., pp. 577-760, 1920: Of the 178 genera, Setaria, 

which is 75, completes the part. 

,STEPHENSON, T. & T. A. A New Marsh Orchis, in Journ. Bot. 

164, 1920. i.e. Orchis purpurella. The British Marsh Orchids in 

relation to Mendelian Principles in Journ. Bot. 243, 19-2b. The 

Genus Epipactis in Britain l.c. 209-213, with figures of the labellum. 

The British Palmate Orchids l.c. 258-262. In this paper praetermissa 

and purpurella are kept as distinct species. 

STONE, HERBERT. 

A GUIDE TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF OUR MOST


USEFUL TIMBERS, being a Manual for the Use of Students of Forestry. 

Cambridge University Press, pp. 52, 1920; 7/6. Descriptions 

of the transverse, radial and tangential, sections are given, and paragraphs 

are devoted to the various trees with which, for instance, Ash 

may be confused and how it may be distinguished from them. Keys 

to the broad-leaved and conifenous trees are given, and there are 

twelve good figures of sections of woods. One hopes that another 

volume will include the other timbers used in Britain. 

STORK, HARVEY E. Studies in the Genus Taraxacum, in Bull. 

Torr. Club 199,1920. Taraxac'um exhibits parthenogenesis as established 

by Raunkier's classic experiment, but his suggestion that this 

occurred in all forms of the genus was disputed by Dahlstedt, and 

Rosenberg showed that T. confertum was normally sexual. Mr 

Stork made cultures and found that erythrospermum reproduced 

itself with only a change in size, and that out of eight sets of vulgare 

seven came true and could not be distinguished from each other. 

SUDRE, H. RUBI EUIwPEA. This monumental work on the 

Brambles has been already mentioned in the Report. The major 

species number no. Only one, R. orthocladus LeYJ of those described 

by British authors in recent years is included in this number, 

all those of Moyle Rogers and Babington being placed in a 

subordinate position. Doubtless the views of Sudre will not receive 

unqualified assent by British workers but the work is one of great 

importance and this volume, with its beautiful plates, will have to 

be carefully studied by all workers on the genus. The following are 

the more important changes in nomenclature which are made and 

also the new plants he includes for Britain. 

754.. RUBUS NITIDUS W. & N., var. HAMULOSUS (L. & M.) Sudre 

Rubi Enr. 19. Brit. Rubi n. 3. Var. ANGLICANUS Sudre, l.c. == 

755. R. opaeus Rogers Handb. 23, p.p., not of Focke. Somerset 

(1 etc.). 

755. R. OPAOUS Focke, yar. GLANDULIFER Sudre, l.e. 19 as a yar. 

of the subspecies. Graffham, Sussex, LINTON. 

757. R. INTEGRIBASIS P. J. M. (not of Rogers), yar. GENUINUS 

Sudre, l.e. 20. Britannia. Var. SUBOPAOUS Sudre in Bony. Rub. 

Anjou 7, 1907 = 755. opaeus, f. minor Rogers Handb. 23. Brit. 

Rnbi n. 106. S. Devon.

88 NOTES ON PUBLICA'L'IONS. 

,761. R. IMBRIOATUS Hart, var. DISOOLOR Sudre. Britain.- 

Var. REOTISPlNUS Sudre = 758. R. cariensi.~ Rogers, not of Genev. 

N. Devon. See p. 67. 

763. R. CARPINIFOLIUS Weihe, var. LAXUS Sudre, l.c. 23. 

Mitcheldean, Gloster. Var. LENTIGINOSUS (Lees) Sudre.Car,narvon, 

etc. M. Sudre says British authors have confounded distinct plants 

under this name. 

766 (3). R. OPLOTHYRSUS Sudre. Branksome Park, Dorset, 

ROGERS as dumnoniensis. Sudre Rubi Eur. 60. 

766. R. ORYPTADENES Sudre Obs. 31, 1904 = R. erythrinus 

Rogers, non Genev. Brit. Rubi n. 108. Var. STEREACANTHOIDES 

Sudre Bat. 81, 1908. Marsdur, Yorks, BAKER. Var. BIPARTITUS 

Sudre, l.c. Surrex [7 Surrey or Sussex], MURRAY. This is subordinate 

to argenteus, which has a var. OLIVICIOLUS Sudre 

Rubi Eur. 57. Woolard, N. Somerset, FRY. 

770. R. OXYANOHUS Sudre Obs. 18, 1904 = R. nemoralis Rogers, 

not of P. J. M. with var. SILURUM (Ley). Subordinate to this is 

R. VIRIDICATUS Sudre Obs., l,c. = R. nemoralis Rogers, p.p. Brit. 

Rubi n. 56" in part. Iford Bridge, S. Hants, LINTON. See p. 38. 

773. R. POLYANTHEMUS Lindbg. in Bot. Not. 105, 1883, vice 

R. pulcherrimus Neuman, not of Hooker. 

773. R. HEREFORDENSIS Sudre Obs. 33, 1904 = R. pubescens 

Rogers, p. p. Caplar, Hereford, Ley [1 Capley J. Sudre Rubi 

Em. 64. Brit. Rubi n. 115. R. HEREFORDENSIS x VESTITUS = R. ' 

leucostachys, var. gymnostachys Rogers. Brit. Rubi n. 14. Rerne 

Bridge, Hereford, ROGERS. 

776. R. OBVALLATUS BouI. & Gillot, var. BAGNALLII Sudre, l.c. 

66 = R. bracteatu8 Bagnall. Brit. Rubi n. 1l0. Berks, etc. 

777. R. VILLICAULIS RoehI., var. ATRICAULIS N. Boul. 'Y arks. 

Here also is R. INSULARIS Aresch. Brit. Rubi 77, III = R. villicaulis 

Rogers, p.p. 

780. R. SAMPAIANUS Sudre, l.c. 43. Rubi Eur. 259. Witley, 

Surrey, LINTON. 

783. R. CLETHROPHILUS Genev. Ess. 257, 1869 (R. RAMOSUS 

Briggs), var .. PUBESCENS Sudre, l.c. = 787. R. pubescens, var.' 

8ubinermis Rogers, not R. subinermis Rupr. Brit. Rubi n. 8I. 

784. R. THYRSOIDEUS Wimm. Under this is R. CANDIOANS

NOTES ON PUBLICA'l'IONS. 89 

Weihe which, with var. COARCTATUS Sudre Bat. 24, 1904, occurs III 

Britain but not type thyrsoideu8. See p. 92. 

785 (2). R. WINTERI P. J. Muell. Focke Syn. 196, 1877 = R. 

argentatus, var. j'Ob1lStus Rogers HaJldb. 39. 

785 (3). R. PROPINQUUS P. J. ~Iuell. Vel's. n. 20, 1859 = R. 

a1'gentatus Rogers Handb. 39, non P. J. M. Brit. Rubi n. 30. 

791 (2). R. SCHLECHTENDALII W., var. ANGLICUS Sudre. R. 

Schlechtendalii Rogers. Brit. Rubi 84. Mortimer Common, Berks. 

Here comes R. HIRSUTISSIMUS Sudre & Ley. W. Newton, Hereford, 

LEY. 

794. R. COLEMANNI Bloxam, var. DECLINIS Sudre. Brit. Rubi 

n. 12. Hambledon Common, Surrey, MURRAY. Var. FEROCISSIMUS 

Sudre Rubi Em. 116. Lafkton Hill (1), Cheshire, WOLLEy-DoD. 

796. R. ORTHOCLADOS Ley x GRATUS Focke = R. dobunien.sis 

S. & Ley. Gloucester, LEY. Sudre, l.c. 31. 

800. R. PYRAMIDALIS Kalt. x PROPINQUUS Sudre = 799. R. 

iricus Rogers. Ur:.der 800 Sudre puts 772. R. dumnoniensis with 

new VILrS. :-var. EUPECTUS Such'e. Cowleigh, Hereford, LEY, and 

var. TRANSIENS Sudre. Dorset. Brit. Rubi n. 86. Here, too, are 

put R. AMPLIFICATUS Lees and R. MET,ANOCLADUS Sudre (the 798. 

hirtifolius of Rogers, not of P. J. M.). 

800. R. PYRAMIDALIS X CAESIUS. Dorset, E. F. LINTON, under 

the name Balfourianus. This latter plant is also thought to be a 

hybrid. Babington and other botanists have included very different 

plants under this name. See p. 237., 

804. R. LASIOCI,ADOS Focke. Sudre Rubi Eur. 103, identifies 

this as R. vestitus lwcanthemus x Winteri. M. Sudre, I think on 

insufficient grounrls, replaces R. lencostachys Srn. by vestitus which 

dates from a year later. Unrler it he has subordinate species R. 

LEUCOTRICHUS Sudre Bat. 55, 1906, var. SUBEGLANDULOSUS Sudre, 

from, Edmondsham, Dorset, LINTON, also a hybrid LEUCOTRICHUS x 

PYRAMIDALIS = R. corna1!1:ensis Sudre. Pensylvania, Cheshire, 

WOLLEy-DoD. 

807 (2). R. MACROSTACHYS P. J. ·M. in Flora 150, 1858, var. 

SEPINCOLUS Sudr.e Rubi Eur. 105. Caplar, Hereford, LEY. 

[7 CapleyJ. Here also comes R. WOLLEy-DoDII Sndre, l.c. 106,bR. 

criniger (Linton) Rogers Handb. 52, p. min. part. Edge Park, 

Cheshire, WOLLEy-DoD.

90 NO'l'ES ON PUBLICATIONS. 

810. R. MUCRONATIFORMIS Sudre Bat. 39, 1905 = R. mucronatus, 

var. nudicaulis Rogers (Brit. Rubi n. 88). As a sub-sp. of R. 

hypomalacus Focke. See p. 30. 

816. R. OBTRUNCATUS P. J. M. in Flora 152, 1858, var. ANGUSTI 

CUSPIS Sudre Obs. 35, 1904 as Bp. = R. setulosus Rogers Brit. Rubi 

n. 121, not of M. et Lefv. Oxford, etc. 

835. R. FUSCUS Weihe, var. ADAMSII Sudre Rubi Eur. 142. 

Brit. Rubi n. 94, p. p. Crowell Hill, Oxfordshire, Rev. D. O. 

ADAMs. It is, in part, the R. Bahingtonii, var. phyllothyrsus 

Rogers . 

. 843 (2). R. ERRATICUS Sudre, in Bull.. Bot. Soc. Fr. 91, 1899. 

Herefordshire, LET. 

844 (2). R. LOEHRI Wirtg. Brit. Rubi n. 18. Sudre, l.c. 154. 

850. R. ROSACEUS Weihe, var. SCABRIPES Genev. Brit. Rubi 

n. 21. Chard, Somerset, MURRAY. 

857 (2). R. SPINULIFER M. et Lefv. = R. Koehleri Rogers, p.p. 

Brit. Rubi n. 127. Walford, Hereford, LEY. 

860. R. MARSHALLI Focke & Rogers.· This, Sudre states, is a 

hybrid of Babingtonii and fusco-ater. The var. semiglaber has a 

differ· nt origin. 

865. R. ANGUSTIFRONS Sudre Ronc. bret. 21, 1904 = R. serpens 

Rogers, p.p., not of Weihe. Brit. Rubi n. 74. Var. PALLIDISETUS 

Sudre. Gloucester, LEY & ROGERS. Brit. Rubi n. 47. 

866 (2). R. SCHLEICHERI Weihe. Yorkshire. Sudre Rubi 

Eur. 199. 

866 (3). R. RIVULARIS P. J. M. & Wirtg., var. HIRTIFORMIS 

Sudre = R. hirtus, var. rotundifolius Rogers Brit. Rubi n. 102. 

Chard Common, Somerset. 

866 (4). R. NAPOPHILOIDES Sudre. Bull. Bot. Soc. Fr. 25, 

1804 = R. ftaccidifolius Rogers, not of P. J. M. Woburn Sands. 

Brit. Rubi n. 129. 

868. R. ROTUNDELLUS Sudre. Bull. Bot. Soc. Fr. 23, 1904. 

St Leonards Forest, Sussex. p. 188, under K oehleri. 

870. ·R. HYSTRIX Weihe, var. MURRAYI Sudre 18l. This is the 

852. adornatus of Rogers Handb. 80, not of Muell. Brit. Rubi 71. 

876. R. POI,YANTHE1\lOS x CAESIUS = R. Warrenii Sudre is


said, Rubi. Eur. 240, to be R. dumetorum, var. concinnatus 

Warren. 

876. R. ALTERNIFLORUS, var. HEREFORDENSIS L. &; W. X OAESIUS 

R. semialterniflorus Sudre, l.e. 240. The sublustris, Brit. Rubi 

ll. 106, Sudre says is R. alterniflorus, var. herefordensis x caesius. 

876. R. PROPINQUUS x OAESIUS. Buckden, Hunts, W. R. 

LINTON, teste Sudre, l.e. 242. 

876. R. ADSOITUS x 

fasciculatus Rogers, p.p. 

Rubi 50. 

876. R. ECHINATOIDES x CAESIUS=R. 

folius Rogers. Sudre Rubi Eur. 248. 

Somerset. 

OAESIUS = p. 246. R. corylifolius, var. 

Curdworth, Warwick, BAGNALL. Brit. 

dumeto1"um, var. diversi 

Cheshire, 'VOLLEY-DoD; 

876. R. RUFESOENS, var. DASYPHYLLUS x OAESIUS = R. dasyphylloides 

= 251. R. dumetorum, var. fer-ox Rogers, non W. &; N. 

Bournemouth, S. Hants; Shirley, Derby. Brit. Rubi 13l. 

876'. R. APICULATUS x CAESIUS = R. semiapieulatus Sudre, 

l.e. 248. Herefordshire, LEY. 

876. R. LONGISEPALUS x CAESIUS = R. Pseudopsis Gremli=R. 

dumetorum, var. britannieus Rogers Handb. 93. Surrey. Brit. 

Rubi 105. 

SULMAN, Miss FLORENCE. .A POPUT,AR GUIDE TO THE FLOWERS OF 

NEW SOUTH WALES. Vol. ii., pp. xxxi., 249, tt. 71. Angus &: 

Robertson, Sydney; 6/-. 

THELLUNG, Dr ALBERT. Zur Gliederung von Hordeum murinum 

L., in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. xxiv., 6, 1920, includes a var. intercedens 

Thell. and a sub-sp. leporinum A. &; G., with three new forms. 

TOPPIN, Major S. M., R.A.M.C. Notes on the Balsams of 

Chitral and the Kachin Hills, in Kaw Bulletin 345, 1920. Includes 

details of the flower of 1. Roylei WaIp. and other species, about 50 

being described. 

VOIGT, ALBAN. Beitrage zur Floristik des Tessins, in Berict. 

Schweiz~ Bot. Gesell. 33, 1920. In: this valuable paper our member 

gives the results of his researches in this beautiful district, to which 

he has made many important additions. These include many ad- 

--- -_._.-!

92 NOTES ON PUBLICNI'IONS. 

ventive species, among them the West Floridan Indian climber Apios 

tubeTosa and the ubiquitous JiatTicaTia suavl',olens. 114 species 

are additional to the Canton and 16 are new to the Swiss Flora. 

Among the plants found are lwncU;f5 obtusiflorws, Aconitwm Anthora, 

Clematis alpina, C1.fscuta Cesatiana, Artemisia Selengensis (a 

Siberian species which threatens to, be a perfect pest at Lugano and 

Maggiore), CypeTus Michelianus and glomeratws nea,r Chiasso. 

\VADE, A. E. NARBOROUGH BOG AND AYLESTONE MEADOWS: an 

Ecological Study from an Original Survey. A 'memoir of the 

Leicestershire and Rutland Flora, 1919. This is a very useful 

account of the area and of the plant associations it contains. 

WATSON BOTANICAL EXOHANGE CLUB, 1918-20. Secretary, G. 

Goorle; Distributor, J. E. Little. \'01. 3, pt. 3, pp. 87-130. Memoir 

and excellent portrait of Rev. E. S. Marshall. 

WEBSTER, ANGUS D. LONDON TREES. pp. 218, tt. 32. Swarthmore 

Press, 1920; 15/-. Ailanthus glandulosa, Catalpa bignonioides, 

Platal1us, Pyru8 Aria, all do well even in smoky atmosphere. 

Even Paulownia 1:mperialis attains a considerable size. 

WHELDON, J. A. Llanberris Lichens, in Journal of Botany n, 

1920. It contains a new species, Bilimbia cambrica. from Snowdon, 

at 3000 feet. Another unexpected species found on Snowdon was 

Cerania vermiwlaris, which Mr Wheldon showed us in situ. 

WHITE, F. A. The Flora of the Somme Battlefields, .in Gard. 

Chron. ii., 276, 1920. Brassica a'rvensis is the most characteristic 

species, but the Poppies and the Scarlet Pimpernel are all common. 

Nettles are 6 feet high at Serre. 

WOLLEy-DoD, Lt.-Col. A. H. A Revised Arrangement of British 

Roses, in Journal of Botany Supplement, 1920. 

YOUNG, W. Preliminary Notes on the Flora of Fife and KimosE, 

in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. p. viii., 1920. It is to be hoped that the 

completed work may find a publisher.

OBITUARIES. 93 

OBITUARIES. 

BAKER, J0HN GILBERT. Botanists have a proverbial longevity, 

and a striking example is afforded by one of the greatest of British 

sy;stematists who died on August 16th of this year at Kew, full of 

honours, in the 87th year of his age, he being born at Guisborough 

on January 13th, 1834. Taxonomic Botany has lost one of its most 

industrious exponents and the botanical world one of the kindesthearted 

and most simple-minded ?f men. This Club and Society 

loses a remarkable link with the past. To him it practically owes its 

e;x:istence. He was the guardian of its early years, its acute observer, 

its industrious investigator. and valued referee for several decades. 

His early biography is so identified with us that to attempt to delineate 

it is to write our history. To our more recent members, 

many of whom have grown up since his active years, it may be well 

to recall the fact that our Society was first founded as the Botanical 

Society of London on July 27th, 1836, at a meeting convened by Mr 

Daniel A. Cooper at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, Strand. The 

objects were the advancement of Botanical Science in general, but 

more especially Descriptive and Systematic Botany, by the reading 

o.f origina.l pa.pers on 'the hahitats, partioular characters, etc., of 

plants, and by the formation of a Library, Museum, and Herbarium 

for reference and exchange of specimens. The name first· suggested 

was the Practical Botanists' Society of London. The subscription 

was fixed at a guinea. Ladies were eligible as members. The Council 

was formed of six members, with a Treasurer and Honorary 

Secretary, its first paid Curator bein'g Daniel Cooper. the author of 

Flora Metropolitana. The first meeting was on October 12th and the 

second meeting was held on Thursday, November 3rd. 1836. Dr J. E. 

Gray, keeper of the Zoological Department of the British Museum. 

occupying the chair. It was then decided to take rooms for the 

Library, Museum, and meetings at 11 John Street, Adelphi, and 

November 29th, the anniversary of John Ray's birth, was fixed for 

the anniversary meeting. It may be added that the first Secretary 

was W. M. Chatterley, and its President was D.r J. E. Gray, who, 

although his father's name (S. F. Gray) is on the title page. had the 

greater part in the preparation of the Natural A.rrangement of

94 OBITUARIES. 

Plants, issued in 2 volumes in 1821. The members of Council included 

G. E. Dennes, C. E. Sowerby, Dr M'Intyre, and Dr Bell 

Salter. At the December meeting Dr M'Intyre read a paper on the 

Flora of Wadey Common, Essex, which enumerated 23 Filices, 136 

Monocotyledons, and 522 Dicotyledons, exclusive of Salices. On 

January 5, 1837, Daniel Cooper read a paper on the Flora of Battersea 

Fields, in which he stated that 406 species (the specific standard 

being that of Lindley's Synopsis) bad been found on a piece of ground 

1~ miles'long a,nd .1 mile broad. The report read at the anniversa,ry 

meeting states that "4819 specimens of British plants had been received; 

1313 of these had bee:r;J. arranged in the Herbarium. The 

duplicates will be distributed by the Curator ... among the members 

. . . in proportion to their contril)utions." A large herbarium 

of French plants, supposed to have belonged to Jean J acques 

Rousseau, was presented by the Secretary. A number of North 

American plants, collected by the officers of the Hudson Ba,y Company, 

was given by Joseph Freeman. Three new British plants were 

sent :-Clayto1iia alsinoides, by Mr W. Baxter of Oxford; Spartina 

alternifiora from Itchen Ferry, by th,.e Vice-President, Dr Macreight ,: 

and Cinclidium stygium, from Mr Leyland of Halifax. Drawings of 

Victoria regia and L01'anthus Smythii were presented by R. H. 

Schomburgk from British Guiana. At the subsequent monthly meetings 

good papers were read and interesting exhibits shown. At the 

anniversary meeting on November 29, 1838, the membership-roll had 

increased to 100, of whom 24 were foreign and 34 co.rresponding 

members. The receipts were £71 16s 6d, the expenses £66 16s 10d ,; 

18,592 plants had been received, including a valuable set of Willows 

from Mr Baxter, as well as 10,000 foreign specimens, H. B. Fielding 

being the chief donor. At the meeting on November 15, 1840, the 

Rev. A. Bloxam showed a small, slender-stemmed and purple-flowered 

Euphrasia from Seamor Moor, Scarborough, which was doubtless E. 

gracilis Fries. At the annual meeting, November 29, 1841, 24,860 

British and 6000 foreign specimens were announced as having been 

sent in. Rev. A. Bloxam exhibited Myriophyllum alternifiorum 

(which he first made' clearly known), gathered at Twycross in 1839. 

On November 29, 1842, the Society had grown to 152 members. H. 

C. Watson presented 5500 British plants. On November 29, 1844, 

there were 173 members. G. E. Dennes was Secretary and J. E. Gray

OBI'l'UARIES. 95 

still President. In this year the first edition of the London Catalogue 

was compiled by NII' H. C. Watson. At the annual meeting in 1849 

the Society numbered 249, and in 1850, 255 membeI\S. NII' H. C. 

Watson was requested to compile a third edition of the l,-ondon 

Catalog'ue, which had its origin in the Society and which gave to it 

its name. These were the palmy days of the Society, which had very 

excellent meetings, some interesting excursions, and a good. Exchange 

Club; but the expenses of the rooms for the valuable Library and 

Herbarium in London and of a paid Curator were too great for the 

receipts, and gradually the Society fell into monetary troubles, so 

that in 1858 the books and plants had to be disposed of and the rooms 

closed and the Society as such terminated. Its career had been useful 

and indeed brilliant. Its minutes contain much of interest and value. 

Some day, if time and money could be found, one would like fo give 

a precis of them as a, Supplement to this Report. The Thirsk 

Natural History Society had been founded in 185:3, and one of its 

most active members was John Gilbert Baker, who was then engaged 

in a drapery business in that pleasant Yorkshire town. He had as 

an intimate friend, Mr W. Foggitt, a chemist of the same place. They 

were both intensely interested in Botany, and both have relatives in 

our Society of to-day. To Baker's zeal the Thirsk Society owed it~ 

success. The members started a Botitnical E x:change Club in 1858 in 

connection with it, Baker having got into touch with many members 

of the Botanical Society of London and induced them to join and 

thus to carry on the traditions as well as one of the main features of 

the old . Society. The Club met monthly at Thirsk under the Presidency 

of J. G. Baker. The reports of the meetings appeared from 

time to time in the Phytologist until that excellent botanical publication 

succumbed. In 1862 there appeared as a separate publication 

the first Report of the Botanical Exchange Club of the Thirsk N aturral 

History Society, which is given in extenso in Seeman's Journal of 

Botany p. 142, 1863. An abstract of the 1864 Report appears on p. 

252 of the srune Journal in 1864. In 1865 J. G. Baker and W. Foggitt 

ac~ed as Curators. It then consisted of 50 members. In that year 

the Thirsk Natural History Society was dissolved, but the Exchange 

Club connected with it was removed to London, and the Report for 

1866 appeared under the new name of the London Botanical 

Exchange Club, with J. G. Baker andH. Trimen as Curators .. This 

._ .. -.-J


change was brought about by a disastrous fire on May 14, 1866, which 

destroyed Baker's shop and dwelling-house, his library andspecimens. 

The damage amounted to £10,000, scarcely a tenth of which 

was insured. By that date Baker's botanical work was known to be 

of a high order of merit, and his 'fellow-botanists and friends presented 

him with a handsome sum to replace his library; indeed, as he 

says, "it is far more than sufficient to replace all my botanical belongings 

which money can restore." The Secretary for the subscription 

list was J. T. Boswell Syme, and W. Can'uthers, Rev. W. W. Newbould, 

Edward Newman, and H. C. Watson acted as the Committee. 

It may be added that Mr Baker's brother lived in the adjoini~g house, 

which was also burned, and that both families barely escaped with 

their lives. The destruction of his premises and the great monetary 

loss which it involved led him to ponder over his future career. 

Financial success was more likely to be achieved in business. 

Botany, -unless professorial, offered small encouragement, but' his 

scientific ardour was,well developed and he took the wiser course, 

and in January 1866 was appointed first assistant in the Kew 

Herbarium. This explains the removal of our (~lub and its change 

of name. The Report for 1867 by the same Curators conta:ins fi 

description of a new Rose, R. Hailstoni. by Baker. In 1868 Boswell 

Syme was its Curator, Baker and Trimen acting as Secretaries. In 

1869 Trimen withdrew on his appointment to an assistantship at 

the British Museum, ana in that year. Seeman's Journal of Botany 

bore on its title page the names of Baker and Trimen as assistant 

editors. To this Journal for many years Baker contributed most 

valuable articles. In 1869 he published in the Linnean Society'S 

Journal a Monograph of the British Roses, arranged under 13 species. 

It was a very useful work, and its main divisions were adopted by 

British botanists for many years. It included about 20 varieties to 

which his name as author was attached. The Report for that year 

was edited by Boswell Syme, the word " London" dropping from 

our title. In 1872 Seeman's connection with the Journal of Botany 

ended and H. Trimen became its editor, assisted by J. G. Baker. 

This lasted till 11376, when Baker's name disappeared from the title 

page. The subsequent history of the Club need not be further 

alluded to except to say that in 1879 great difficulties were en· 

countered in distributing the specimens, a task which had been most


carefully performed by T. Archer Briggs from 1875 to 1877. Baker 

edited the Report for 1878, the Report for that year announcing 

that Mr Charles Bailey had kindly undertaken the general management 

of a new Exchange Club, a task he most efficiently performed 

until 1892, when it came under the present regime. It may be added 

that the largest membership roll of the London Botanical Society 

was 255; that of the Botanical Exchange Club (including the Thirsk) 

was 65. From 1858 for very many years Mr Baker was one of our 

most valued members, and on the death of Sir J oseph Hooker in 

December he was made its only British Honorary Member. It is 

necessary now to go back to Baker's early history as apart from our 

Club. He was born at Guisborough on January 13, 1834, coming 

from a family of hardy Yorkshire dalesmen who had their home in 

Danby dale. His ,schooling was obtained at. the Friends' Schools at 

Ackworth and Bootham, where natural history was wisely a portion 

of the curriculum. This stimulated him to study the plants of the 

vicinity when he was only 12 years of age. Baker published his 

first work on " The Flowering Plants and Ferns of Great Britain" 

when he was 21, but the previous year he had a note on Carex 

P('rsoonii in Yorkshire (Phytologist 738), which he found in Snailesworth 

in a rather boggy wood near the source of the Locker Beck. 

It may be well to add that it is a form of C. canescens, not the true 

Persoonii. He and his friend William Foggitt must have tramped 

over a large part of the neighbouring country. It is, of course, with 

Baker's study of British plants that we are most interested. Therefore 

a short reference must be made to his important contributions 

to British Field Botany. In 1854, in conjunction with John Nowell. 

he issued a Supplement to the Flora of Yorkshire. This was still 

further treated of in hi~ North Yorkshire, published in 1863. This 

important work was not only a Flora but an excellent digest of the 

county's Lithology, Geology, Topography and Physical Geography; 

indeed, the plants were considered not only as individuals but with 

reference to their surroundings-a pioneer in the study of Ecology. 

In it he enumerates 1155 species of Flowering Plants and Ferns as 

well as the Mosses. (A large portion of the stock of this work was 

destroyed in the fire at Thirsk.) In 1866, with Dr G. R. Tate, he 

published a flora of Northumberland and Durham. To complete 

the tale of the Fioras we may say that in 1885 appeared .Lt Flora of


the English Lake District-a fascinating area which afforded him 

50 Ferns, 850. flowering plants and about 100 adventive species. 

These Floras give evidence of his intimate knowledge of plants, their 

relation with the surroundings, of his gift of terse definition, apt 

generalisation, and of his knowledge of the altitudinal range of 

species. Ecology had its forerunner in Baker, and the information 

he gives is not too encumbered with uncouth terminology. His Monograph 

of the Roses has already been noted. This appeared in the 

Naturalist for 1863. In Seeman's Journal of Botany he wrote a 

paper on British Pansies in 1863, and in 1865 he published a paper 

on the English Mints, a sound and practical memoir, although at 

that time hybridity was not sufficiently taken into account. He 

grouped the Mints (omitting Pulegium) under 13 species, alopecuro~'des 

being placed under sylvestris, while crispaand cardiaca are 

kept distinct. The latter name was used in Johnson's Gerard of 

1633 and revived by Baker two centuries afterwards. As we have 

seen, he was appointed to Rew in 1866, OliveI' being then the keeper 

and Sir J oseph Hooker director. Britain was, however, too small an 

area to occupy his time for long. The great clearing-house of Rew 

demanded other work. In the Journal of the Linnean Society will 

be found a most important series of works from his pen-such are 

The Flora of North China, 1876; The Flora of Madagascar 1881-90, 

in which he describes 1200 new species; The Flora of the Mauritius 

and the Seychelles, 1887. He also specialised on certain groups, and 

there are monographs of the Scilleae, 1872; Tulipeae, 1873; Asparagaceae, 

1884-5; Anthericeae, 1876; Iridacearum, 1877; Colchicaceae, 

1879; Aloineae and Yuccoideae, 1880. He also contributed 

many popular monographs on these and other genera to the 

Gardeners' Chronicle and descriptions of new and rare plants to 

Saunderil' Refugium Botanicum, o.f which he supplied the text for 

four out of the five vo~umes. In 1877 appeared as a separate work 

A. Ha,ndbook of the Fern Allies, which contains six of his species of 

Lycopodium and about 130 of his Selaginellas out of the 334 

enumerated-an astounding piece of work. His Handbook of the 

Amaryllideae appeared in 1888, that of the Bromeliacae in 1889. 

The Handbook of the Irideae in 1892, a volume of 232 pages, also 

contained a large number of new species. One wishes he could have 

prepared a more elaborate work with plates, treating as it does of


such a handsome group of fashionable garden plants. He al~ contributed 

the Filices and Compositae to the Flora Brasiliana, and the 

Leguminosae tothe Flora of British India; also to Oliver and Dyer's 

Flora of Tropical Africa, and the whole of the sixth vol. of the Flora 

Capensis IS by him, in which he describes and names 1055 species 

and varieties. In 1890 he was made keeper of the Rew Herbarium, 

an office which he held for nine years. In 1907 he collaborated with 

Miss Wilmott in her beautiful and costly work A Book on Roses, the 

coloured plates of which have been drawn by Alfred Parsons. It 

must be added that he also largely helped in the preparation of 

Hooker's Student's Flora, the Rubi, Rosae and Hieracia being arranged 

by him. He also wrote the Botany for the Victorian 

County History of Yorkshire in 1907. In 1884-5 he occupied the 

presidential chair of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, the subject 

of his address being "Recent Progress in English Botany and 

Fathers of Yorkshire Botany." He lectured on Botany for many 

years to the London Hospital and to the Society of Apothecaries. 

Few botanists haye better deserved the F.R.S. which was bestowed 

on him in 1878 or the Doctorate of Science given him, and not with 

undue precipitation, by Leeds last year. He was also a Medallist 

of the Linnean and Horticultural Society; a Vice-President of the 

Linnean Society and member of the Irish Academy. His name is 

commemmorated in Botany by the genus Bakeria, a genus of the 

Bromeliaceae, and in a Loranthaceous genus-Bakerella of Van 

Tieghem, and there are many species named .after him. The British 

ones include Rosa Bakeri Deseg., Rubus Bakeri F. A. Lees, and 

GaZium Bakeri Syme. The number of his published papers is very 

large (over 400), Christensen giving 83 on Ferns alone, and the 

number of species and varieties named by him run into many thousands. 

Even in his later years. he could find time to write of the 

Flora of Burnham Beeches. and fascinating papers from his pen 

appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle on the "Holy Land: its Botany 

and Physical Geography" as recently as 1917 (Rep. B.E.C. 319, 

1919). Thus, full of years and honours, with all the laurels of a 

most industrious career, with the respect and affection of all those 

who knew him, our dear colleague passed away in the morning of 

August 16, 1920, and his body was laid to sleep in the Friends' 

Burial-ground at Isleworth. A wreath of monocotyledonous flowers,


which. had been specially the subject of his researches, was 

appropri.ately sent by the Kew staff to. place upon his grave. 

My own acquaintance with him dates back to the early 

seventies, when he kindly helped me with critical plants, 

especially with Roses. Once in later years I met him at 

Thirsk as I was motoring through Yorkshire, and on more than one 

occasio'1 he has been in Oxford, where he was delighted to see the 

beautiful specimens of Miller's glabrous Elm at Besilsleigh and the 

vegetation of the saline meadow at Marcham. His kindliness stands 

out as a striking trait in his character, as does his readiness to help 

others. This sometimes ieads me to take greater trouble over a hopeless 

bundle of mixed-up fragments of squashed specimens which some 

contributors think are the proper material to send in for identification. 

Not only has the Society lost its Honorary Member but it has 

lost a wise counsellor and a sincere well-wisher. Note his kindly 

greeting on page 12 of the fifth volume of our 60th annual Report, 

when he concludes by offering "his best wishes for the continued 

prosperity of the Club," which he may be said to h~ve re-established. 

Notices of Gilbert Baker's life appear in the Naturalist 5-8, 1907; 

in the Friends' Quarterly Exa.miner 454, 1920, by J. Burtt-Davy; 

in the Gardeners' Chronicle i., 102, 1920; the Journal of Botany, 

and the Kew Bulletin, No. 9, 1920, which contains the additional 

papers of Baker's to those in the Royal Society's Catalogues. See 

also Kew Bulletin, 1897 and 1907 . 

.i 

BELL, A. MONTGOMERIE. Born at Edinburgh, 1845; died at 

Oxford, 1920. The subject of this notice was the son of Mr W. S. 

Bell, the Regius Professor of Conveyancing in Edinburgh University. 

He was educated at the Academy of that city and at Glasgow 

University, and was a member of Ballio1 College, Oxford, from 

1864-9, taking his degree in the l;tter year and his M.A. in 1871. 

He won several prizes in the sports. He lectured at Worcester College 

in 1869, and became a Master of Marlborough in 1870. Subsequently 

he lectured at St John's, Oxford, and undertook private 

tuition, among his pupils being Lord Haig. He was the author of 

several school books and he contributed to the Cornhill and other 

periodicals and newspapers. Recently he wrote a work, on Johnson. 

His chief interest, however, lay in Anthropology. He made im-


portant discoveries and researches into the history of primitive man 

in Britain. In 1883 he discovered. palaeolithic flint implements on 

the high plateau near the sources of the Darent and Eden, and this 

was followed in f890 by his finding at Wolvercote, close to Oxford 

in the river gravels 100 feet above the present level of the Thames, 

a series of very fine palaeolithic implements, together with plant 

remains of that period. .At Iffley, too, he discovered evide.nces of 

the existence of a large colony of palaeolithic men. In later years 

Mr .Asquith granted him a pension from the Civil List. Mr Bell 

served as President 'of the .Ashmolean Natural History Society in 

1898-9. Among the plant remains referred to there was scarcely a 

species not now found in the neighbourhood of Oxford except what 

may be a leaf of the arctic willow. Mr Bell had always a love for 

Botany, and during the past 10 years he had been engaged in making 

a series of drawings of our British plants, several hundreds in 

number. These are very well done, with clear definite outlines and 

with the natural habit well portrayed. He was always ready to give 

assistance in any matter relating to this Society, for which he had 

a warm liking. For some years angina symptoms had troubled him. 

This year the writer, who had called on him, when he was on a visit 

to Oxford, in order to bring him to lunch, found that he had only 

recently been found dead in his rooms. Mr Bell had intensely 

strong Scottish affinities and a great sympathy with the Stuarts. It. 

was perhaps the writer's championship of George Don which laid 

the foundations of an affectionate friendship of over 25 years, only 

broken by death. Quite recently, through his kindness, his brother's 

(John :yr. Bell) herbarium, which gained the Balfour prize for plants 

collected round Edinburgh about 1858, came into the possession of 

the writer. In person Mr Bell was tall and strongly built, and his 

goodly presence sugg'ested that of a Scottish laird of the olden time. 

though he never here wore the kilt. 

CLARKE, HENRY.' Born in London, July 18, 1858; died October 

12, 1920. He was the son of Daniel Clarke and was educated as an 

architect at King's College. He proceeded to Guy's Hospital an9., 

qualifying in 1874, was appointed Medical Officer to Wakefield 

Prison, :which position he held till his retirement in 1908. In 1907 

he took the M.D. of Durham. He was the author of many valuable

-----. -~---.------.------. -~- -- .~-.- _. 

I 


medical papers. On his retirement he bought Courns Wood, near 

N aphill, in Bucks, where I made his acquaintanceship and saw his 

already considerable collection of water-colour dr'awings of British 

plants. This work occupied his leisure, although he gave freely of 

his time duiing the war to help his colleagues. He was an accomplished 

artist and loved books and their covers-for he was a good 

bookbinder. His plant-drawings are accurate and pleasing and 

number many hundreds. He also painted many fungi. His right 

hand was alone used in the work as he lost the use of the left some 

years ago. His death was very sudden. He had only recently sent, 

as was his custom, plants for identification from Cardigan. Many 

new records of his from that county have been published in our 

Reports. 

COLGAN, NATHANIEL. Born May 28, 1851; died October 2, 

1920. Mr Colgan was born in Dublin and became clerk to the Metropolitan 

Police of that city, an office he held till the age-limit. He 

was a good linguist and travelled in France, Switzerland, Italy and 

Morocco. A. G. More left him and R. W. Scully to complete and see 

through the press the second edition of Gybele Hibernica, which was 

published in 1898 and was very carefully and ably performed. In 

1904 Colgari published a Flora of Dublin" a quite excellent production. 

He also contributed a paper on the occurrence of Artemisia 

Stelleriana. on the North Bull to the Journal of Botany. There is 

an appreciative memoir with a portrait in the Irish lIT atu-ralist 125. 

1920, by R. W. Praeger. 

FARRER, REGINALD. Born 1880; died 1920. His almost tragic 

death from diphtheria in the wilds of Northern Burma or Tibet on 

October the 16th terminated a career of exceptional interest and 

brilliancy. He was the eldest son. of Mr James Farrer of Ingleborough, 

and thus was nurtured amid beautiful scenery and among 

literary associations in his home life which doubtless fostered his 

own predilections. In his young days his health was delicate and 

thus he never had a public school.education, being perhaps not only 

a loser but a gainer by the omission. He entered Balliol College 

in 1898, and under the auspices of his cousins, the Ansons, I made 

his acquaintance. At that time he was interested in Botany, but


liked the flowers more for their own sakes than for their connection 

with a science. He took classical honours in his examination and 

then began a career of travel, which only ceased with his death. 

Under his guidance I saw Arenaria gothica at Clapham, which he had 

found in a new locality. On Ingleborough (see Report ii., 256; v., 

592) he detected a hybrid Saxifrage between two such unexpected 

parents as tridactylites and hypnoides, which I connected with his 

name as x S. Farreri. Together we explored the Isle of Walney and 

saw Geranium lancastriense in all its beauty, and traversed Ingleborough 

and its limestone pavements. The next time we met was 

in a very different scene. It was at Kandy. He had recently taken 

the yellow robe, and had been staying with a native Rajah who, as 

I said, had all the gems of the world in his mines save the opal and 

diamond. "Ah, but," he said, " last night I saw some of the finest 

opals I have ever seen." Some of the finest in Britain, I remarked 

belonged to Mrs Gaskell. " Well" he said, " so small is the world. 

these were worn by Mrs Gaskell's daughter," the daughter of my 

valued friend, Captain Gaskell, of Kiddington, alas, n'aw no more. 

Farrer then told me of his visit to the shrine in order to see Buddha's 

tooth, which is preserved in the Temple at Kandy. It is containeq 

in casket after casket, each more costly than the other, seven in all, 

before the last is opened to expose this historic relic, which, however, 

some observers say grew in something much less venerable than 

the mouth of Buddha. We who were not Buddhists were not allowed 

to see for ourselves. At Kandy we met the Empress Eugenie, who, 

like us, went to visit the buried city of Anarudjapura with its great 

dagobas, which explained to us for the first time the two generic 

names Buda and Tissa used by Adanson for Spergularia, Buda 

being a variant of Budha, and Tissa is the Divina pie tissa to whom 

one of th" dagobas, over three hundred feet high of brickwork, is 

"dedicated. Farrer wrote several novels, but it was in his books of 

travel that he achieved his great success. For many years he had 

a rock-garden at Clapham, and in order to stock this with rarieties 

he made his journeys. They resulted in his adding a very large 

number (several hundreds) of new and interesting species, among 

which may be singled out for their beauty Gentiana Farreri and 

Lilium Farreri. Sir 1. B. BalfQur and W. W. Smith dedicated 

Farreria, a ne~ genus of the Thymelaeaceae, in his honour. Many 

__ ______ .--J

"...-.------_._----_.--'---'---- -.~----. -, 

I 


other species bearing his name have been described in the Notes 

from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. He was awarded the 

Gill Memorial Medal of the Royal Geographical Society. The 

Garden of Asia and On the Eaves of the W ond stand apart from most 

works by their vivid, if not too ornate, word-painting. They, however, 

give the arm-chair botanist an opportunity of taking in some 

of the glories of a high-alpine flora in or on the confines of India. 

Still more recently his adventurous journey into China was detailed 

in the Gardeners' Chronicle. Many of his plants are described by 

himself in vol. xlii., p. 47-114, of the Journal of the Horticultural 

Society. His Alpine and Bog Plants appeared in 1908. His two 

volumes on The English Rock Garden were reviewed at length in our 

last Report. Who then could have anticipated that his life should 

so ,soon have closed ~ In some way, sad and premature as it was, it 

was more in consonance with his outlook than a passing away in a 

prosaic manner in a civilised surrounding. He loved the wilds, 

like the Scholar Gips,Y. They took the toll; " he came to Oxford 

and his friends no more." There is a pleasant tribute to him in 

the GardenerS" Chroniale, with a portrait, ii., 247, 1920, and the 

same excellent publication' contains several articles written by Farrer 

on his last journey. 

JAOKSON, JOHN READER, A.L.S. Born in Kent in 1837, he was 

educated for an architect, but being introduced to Sir William 

Hooker he was induced to join the scientific staff at Rew in 1858. 

For forty-three years he was at Kew, acting as keeper of the 

Economic Museum there, and excellently explained its contents to 

myriads of visitors. He was elected A.L.S. in 1868. He was the 

author of Commercial Botany of the Ninr.teenth Century, 1890, and 

of an Official Guide to the Museum of Economic Botany, 1883, and 

edited an issue of Barton and Castle's British Flora Medica in 1877. 

After his retirement he served for several years on the Exeter l)iocesan 

Conference. He died at his residence, Claremont, Lympstone, 

on October 28th, aged eighty-three years. 

MORE TON, Lord. Henry Haughton Reynolds-Moreton, 1857- 

1920. The death of our member, the only son and heir of the Earl 

of Ducie, took place from bronchial pneumonia, at 37 Park Lane, 

on February 27, 1920. He was Liberal Member for West Gloucester-


shire from 1880 to 1885. His country residence (an inheritance 

from his mother, a Langton) was at Sarsden in Oxfordshire, and he 

frequently sent me notes on the local flora. His especial interest 

was in microscopic fungi. He found ~he Tulipa sylvestris near his 

residence. He inherited the love of horticulture and arboriculture 

from his father, whose ancestral domain at Tortworth has the largest 

Chestnut in Great Britain, besides some extraordinary fine specimens 

of other trees. Earl Ducie, F.R.S., who still survives, was 

born in 1827. 

ROGJ:1RS, Rev. WILLIAM MOYLE. Born at Helston, July 12. 1835, 

died at Bournemouth, May 26, 1920. He was educated at Helston 

Grammar School, and without having had a University training was 

admitted to priest's orders in South Africa by Bishop Gray in 1861. 

Returning to England he was clurate successively of Yarcombe, S. 

Devon (1862-4); Holy Trinity, W. Cowes (1865); Upton-on-Severn, 

Worcestershire (1866-7); Chetnole (1868-9) and Woolla,nd, DorsElt 

(1869-72), whElrEl he married a daughter of Major Chadwick, of Chetnole. 

He was Vicar of Stapleford, Wilts, in 1872; ,Curate of Trusham, 

Devon, 1876-82; and Vicar of Bridgrule, Devon, 1882-5 (teste 

Crockford), when his health, never robust, broke down, and he retired 

to Bournemouth, where he resided till his death. The frequent 

changes of residence gave him the opportunity, of which he 

took full advantage, of investigating the flora of many areas, and a 

long list of articles on them have appeared in the Journal of Botany. 

From this it will be gatheled that, even if Rogers had not specialised 

on Rubi, his contributions to Topographical Botany would' have been 

important. He rendered substantial aid to Mansel Pleydell's Flora 

of Dorset, to Murray's Flora of Somerset, and I owe him gratitude 

for his welcome notes for the Floras of O;'fordshire and Berkshire. 

He was an energetic member of the- Record Club from 1877_ He 

joined the Botanical Exchange Club in 1883, and from that time till 

last year he remained a member and acted as a most painstaking and 

consciElntious referee on Rubi, of whioh he was thEl acknowledged 

British expert_ This prickly genus in Smith's English Flora numbered 

13 species in addition to R. arcticus, which is probably an 

error _ Since that time many botanists tried to investigate them 

Bell-Salter, Lindley, Bloxam, Hort, Lees, Bagnall, Coleman, Leices-


ter-Warren, Briggs, and notably Babington, who published a ;Handbook 

in 1869 which enumerated 45 species. Moyle Rogers, after 

prolonged, laborious work, left our British Rubi at about 120. 

Among the new species described by him are R. lacustris, Lettii, 

Leyanu,s, iricus, lvibernic'W8, mollissimws, dunensis, anglicanus, 

echinatoides, raduloides, Griffitlvianus, dasyphyllus and Marshalli 

(this with Focke), besides numerous varieties and sub-species. Since 

the pUblication of Rogers' Handbook in 1900 two important works on 

European Rubi, those of Focke and Sudre, have appeared. It is 

somewhat striking that not a single one of Rogers' species is included 

in the List of the 114 major European species given by Sudre; those 

mentioned being accorded a subordinate position as minor subspecies, 

or even lower grades. Whatever may be their ultimate position, 

one knows that it was only after the closest examination of 

specimens and minute and careful study that Moyle Rogers ventured 

to describe new species. Whether he took sufficiently into account 

the effects of recent or past hybridisation may be open to discussion, 

but this is neither the time nor the place to develop the question. 

One thing is obvious, that in a workable arrangement there must be 

greater grouping and a probable reduction in the number of major 

species than at present obtains. Moyle Rogers was at one time 

strongly drawn to the Roses, on which he did useful work. Rubus 

Rogersii, named in his honour by the Rev. E. F. Linton, although 

not given by Sudre among the numbered European species, is placed 

subordinately to R. affinis W. & N. by Sudre, and not as a hybrid or 

variety. Focke gave it specific rank. Moyle Rogers was one of 

the kindliest of men. He was gentle and considerate of others, disliked 

controversy, was the reverse of dogmatic, and was most painstaking, 

industrious and careful. The loss to this Exchange Club is 

indeed a grievous one, but he did his best to make it less severe by 

cheerfully putting his specimens and knowledge and experience at 

the service of the Rev. H. J. Riddelsdell, whom he wished to be his 

understudy. His own son, the Rev. F. A. Rogers, has his father's 

love of the science and has himself done most excellent work in African 

Botany. Although retired from parochial work, our member's 

services were always cheerfully given to the various parishes in 

Bournemouth, and the same kindly disposition which characterised 

his botanical life was eminently manifest in his sacred calling.

OBlTUAIUES. 107 

STANTON, GEORGE, 1840-1920. Born at Bramley, near Guildford, 

he became a gardener at Rydinghurst; KnoW-le Royal Garden, 

Windsor; Kew, and eventually at Park Place, Henley. There he 

made notes on the local flora in the three counties, which I have been 

glad to utilise. He had a large number of men under his control, 

and was an acknowledged authority on horticulture. In 1918 he 

was elected President of the Kew Guild, and the French Government 

in 1911 nominated him as Chevalier du Merite Agricole. He died 

on the Park Place Estate on March 14, 1920. 

STEDMAN, .FRANK WILLIAM, chemist, Ashford, Kent, died suddenly 

on November 12, 1920. He was apprenticed at Cirencester, 

and on his taking a business at Ashford interested himself in local 

Botany. He found the Lizard Orchis in his neighbourhood and 

knew the localities of the Kentish members of that genus. 

Botany has lost also three distinguished continental system a 

tists:- 

BECCARI, ODOARDO, 1843-1920, Director of the Botanic Garden at 

Florence. He was a great authority on Palms and an explorer in 

Malay and New Guinea, which resulted in the publication of three 

large volumes, 1877-86, of Malesia. Other works are Palme del 

Madagascar, 1912, and in the Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, 

Calcutta, Asiatic PaZms-Lepidocarycae, with over 400 plates. 

DE CANDOLLE, AUGUSTIN PYRAMUS. Born in England in 1869; 

died at Geneva, May 8, 1920, only eighteen months after his distinguished 

father. He was the fourth generation of a great botanical 

family. His botanical output does not compare with that of his 

predecessors, but his systematic work included descriptions of Tonkin 

and Madagascar species. 

SACCARDO, PIER ANDREA. Born at Treviso, 1845; died 1920. 

Director of the Botanic Garden, Padua, and Emeritus Professor in 

the University there. He was a recognised authority on Fungi. 

His Sylloge F~tngorum is a monumental work extending to 22 

volumes which appeared from 1882 to 1913. In them an enormous 

number of new species are described. He is also the author of the 

Gronologia della Flora ItaZia, a companion volume to the Flora 

Analitica d'ltalia of Fiori, Paoletti, and Beguinot, in which he gives 

I 

.~

108 NEW COUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS. 

the earlier records for Italy of the flowering plants and ferns. He, 

however, omitted any reference to the very early herbal of Gregory of 

Reggio, 1606, which is at Oxford. He also wrote Chromotaxia, a 

book on colour nomenclature. 

NEW COUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS. 

ABBREVIATIONs.-Rep. B.E.C. = Report of the Botanical Society 

and Exchange Club; Wats. B. E. C. = Report of Watson Botanical 

Exchange Gl11b; t = Adventive; * = New County Record (in the case 

of adventive plants this is only rarely added); ! placed after a plant 

signifies that the compiler has seen a specimen; ! placed after a 

locality that the compiler has seen it there; x placed between two 

scientific names means that the plant is a hybrid; 52, &c., numbers 

following a county, refer to the Watsonian vice-county in Topographical 

Botany; [ ] enclosing a record mean that confirmatory 

evidence is needed. 

1. CLEMATIS VITALBA L. Irfon Bridge, Builth, Brecon, introduced, 

WEBB. 

3. THALICTRuM FLAVUM L., var. RUFINERVE (Lej. & Court.). 

Denbighshire, E. F. PAYNE. This is similar to the Llansilin plant, 

so named by Rev. E. F. Linton, but :vhich Herr J. Freyn referred to 

T. gallicum. Our Thalictra sadly need revision. The Cambridge 

Flora gives no varieties of flavum. 

tI4. ADONIS AESTIvALIS L. Near Wilmington, Hull, York, W. 

JOHNSON. 

UB.A. ANNUA L. 

St Hdier, Jersey, 1858, PIQUET. 

*21. RANUNCULUS AURICOMUS L. St Ouen's, Jersey, 1890, 

PIQUET. 

27. R. ARvENSIS L. Near Chepstow, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow.

NEW COUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS. 109 

36. R. FLUITANS Lam. In the Axe, Axminster, Devon, Miss 

TODD .. 

*38. R. TRICHOPHYLLUS Chaix. Braid Ponds, Midlothian, 1858, 

BELL, in Hb. Druce. 

39 (2). R. SPHAEROSPERMUS Boiss. & Blanch. St Osyth, Essex, 

1912 [Ref. No. 7J, BROWN. 

40. R. HETEROPHYLLUS Weber, var. TRIPHYLLUS .(Wallr.). 

Ford, Bucks, DRucE; Raynes Park, Surrey, BRIT TON. Var. SUB 

MERSUS Godr. Newport, Isle of Wight, STRATTON; Beardsall, 

Derby, ANSELL. 

*42. R. BAUDOTII Godr. Farming Woods, Northants, 1875 

DRUCE. Var. MARINUS (Arr. & Fr.). Brick ponds near the sea, 

Cardiff, Glamorgan, RICHARDS. 

47. R. FICARIA L. Plentiful in U nst, SAXBY. Forma 

LUXURIANS Moss. Hertford, ANSELL. 

51. HELLEBORUS VIRIDIS L. *Magor Llanfihangel, Monmouth. 

Fl. Chepstow; near Leominster, Hereford, DALTRY. 

*54. AQUILEGIA VULGARIS L. With white, purple and blue 

flowers on the railway embankment, Falgarth, Brecon, WEBB. 

t72. BERBERIs VULGARIS L. St Martin's, Jersey, PIQUET. Rejected 

in the Flora of Jersey. 

77. CASTALIA ALBA Wood, var. OCCIDENTALIS Ostenf. Near 

Walls, Shetland, DRUCE. Passed by OSTENFELD. 

80. PAPAVER RHOEAS L., var. CAUDATIFOLIUM Fedde. Neithrop, 

Oxon; Southam, Warwick; Castle Hedingham, Essex, DRucE; Belsize 

Park, with var. SUBINTEGRUM: W. & L., var. TRIFIDUM Fedde, 

Croxley Green, Herts, RICHARDS. Var. STRIGOSUM Boenn. Godalming, 

Surrey, BISHOP. 

t90. GLAUCIUM CORNICULATUM Curt. St Ouen's, Jersey. with

j---'-- -".- _. 


other casuals, PIQUET. Given in Camb. Plo as if native there, but 

it is only adventive and has disappeared .. 

t95. HYPECOUM PROCUMBENS L. Near Wymondham, Norfolk. 

Miss POMEROY. 

trOO. CAPNOIDES SOLIDA Moench. Albury Park, Surrey, 

BISHOP. 

104. FUMARIA CAPREOLATA L., var. BABINGTONII Pugsley. 

John 0' Groats, Caithness, DRucE. 

I 

I 

' 

106. F. PURPUREA Pugsley. Llandrindod Wells, Radnor, Miss 

TODD. 

107. F. BORAEI Jord., var. GRACILIS Pugsley. Barnes Common, 

Surrey, as muralis, GROVES. Var. BRITANNICA Pugsley. Ide, 

Devon, Miss TODD. Var. LONGIBRACTEATA Pugsley. Church Stretton, 

Salop, 1907, C. BAILEY. 

108. F. MURALIS Sond. The Jersey record may be deleted, 

Piquet's specimen is P. Bastardi. 

, *108 (3). F. MARTINI Clav. 

Somerset, Mrs SANDWITH. 

(F. PARADOXA.) Near Bath, 

t1l6. MATHIOLA INCANA Br. Woolacombe, N. Devon, 1920, 

naturalised, Mrs DRuMMoND. Also quite naturalised and in 

quantity on the *Fort, St Helier, Jersey, .and, as a garden escape, 

on the sands near Pontac, Jersey, 1920, DRucE. 

t1l9. M. BICORNIS Br. 

ing, MURRAY. 

Waste ground, Sutton's Farm, Read- 

*124. RADICULA 

Merioneth, JONES. 

SYLVESTRIS Druce. Penrhyndeudraeth, 

142. CARDAMINE PRATENSIS L. A beautiful flore pleno form, 

which kept true in cultivation, was found at Beardsall, Derbyshire. 

in 1846, by WHITTAKER, in Hb. A.nsell. Mr D. HAMER sent from


III 

Carmarthen a leaf showing the buds on the margin of the leaflet, 

and a similar specimen was found by Miss DRUMMOND near Hampton 

Court. At Syredale in the Orkneys, and also in Dnst, it was in 

good fruit. 

[160. DRABA RUPESTRIS Br. Mr Temperley and his son gathered 

a single specimen on Widdybank, which has much the same aspect 

as the Ben Lawers plant. D. incana was plentifLil there. It will 

be well to bear it in mind]. 

*167. COCHLEARIA OFFICINALIS L. On the muddy coast of the 

Dorey, Montgomery, WEBB. 

tI76. HESPERIS MATRONALIS L. Near the Barracks, Kilkenny. 

Hon. Mrs FIENNEliI. 

t184. SrSYMBRIUM ALTISSIMUM L. Norwich, E. Norfolk, W. G. 

CLARKE. 

t187. S. LOESELII L. Gartcosh,. Glasgow, GRIERSON. 

tI88. S. IRIO L. Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, 1920, M. COBBE. The 

third time for that county. 

t200; CONRINGIA ORIENTALIS Dum. Aldeburgh, E. Suffolk, A. 

B. COBBE; Denbigh, B. ALI"EN. 

202. CAMELINA SATIVA Crantz. Leven Links, Kinross, 1857, 

BELL. 

202 (2). C. ALYSSUM (Mill.) Thell. = FOETIDA Fr. St Davids, 

Fife, BELL. 

t218. BRAssICA JUNCEA Coss. Thetford, W. Norfolk; Felixstowe, 

E. Suffolk, M. COBBE; Pembrey, Carmarthen, HAMER; Kirkwall, 

Orkney, DRucE. 

t222. B. POLLICHII (Sch. &: Sp.fDruce. Rewley, Oxon, GAMBIER 

PARRY; Pembrey, Carmarthen, HAMER; Lakenheath, W. Suffolk; 

Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, A. B. COBBE.


t223. B. ERUCASTRUM L. Carmarthen, HAMER. 

*t227. DIPLOTAXIS MURALIS DC. Finstown, Orkney, DRUCE and 

J OHJ.,,"STON. Var. BABINGTONI!. Pembrey, Carmarthen, HAMER. 

232. BURSA' BRITTONII (Almq.). Haroldswick, Shetland, 

DRUCE. 

*233. CORONOPUS DIDYMUS Sm. Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, M. 

COBBE; Botley, Oxford, DRucE; railway station, Edinburgh, 1857, 

BELL. 

236. LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM L. Abundant at Felixstowe, E. 

Suffolk, M. COBBE. 

t237. L. DRABA L., var. SUBINTEGRIFOLIUM Mich. Par, Cornwall, 

THuRsToN. Sub-var. VIRIDESCENS Druce. Near Carmarthen, 

HAMER. 

t23.9. L. PERFOLIATUM L. Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, M. COBBE; 

Exmouth, S. Devon, Mrs WEDGWOOD; St Ouen's Bay, Jersey, 1901, 

Hb. Piquet; Cirencester, Gloster, GREENWOOD; *Kirkwall waterworks, 

Orkney, DRuCE. 

t240. L. RAMOSISSlMUM Nelson. Mile Camp, North Stoneham, 

S. Hants, RAYNER; Glasgow; GRIERSON. 

t240 (2). L. NEGLECTUM Thell. 

stowe, E. Suffolk, M. COBBE. 

Glasgow, GRIERSON; Felix- 

246. L. SMITHII Hook. A plant very near to alatostylum 

Towns., was found at the Lizard, Cornwall, 1920, by Miss TODD. 

t247. L. VIRGINICUM L. St Peter's Valley, Jersey, 1901, 

PIQUET; Thetford, W. Suffolk, Miss COBBE. 

t247. L. DENSIFLORUM Schrad. Ide, Devon, Miss TODD; 

Chichester, W. Sussex, DRucE; Charleston, Cornwall, Mrs WEDG 

WOOD; Thetford, W. Suffolk, Miss COB BE ; Mickleham, Surrey, 

BISHOP.


252. IBERIS AMARA L. Church Hill, Royston, Herts, sent as 

ruficaulis, J. E. LITTLE, in Wats. B.E.C. 1913. Thellung refers 

this to var. DECIPIENS (Jord.) Thell. in 1920. 

t253. 1. UMBELLATA L. St Saviour, Jersey, 1852, as amara 

(See Flora), PIQUET; Burntisland, Fife, 1858, BELL .. 

t256. ISATIS TINCTORIA L. This came up (1897) after the moving 

of some earth in making a new footpath. In Linc9lnshire it is 

now only grown on estuarine alluvium. WOODRUFF-PEACOCK, in 

litt. 

t258. VOGELIA PANIOULATA Horn. Aldeburgh, E. Suffolk, M. 

COBBE; Lifton, N. Devon, W. WISE. 

t262: BUNIAS ERUCAGO L. TollcrosB sand-pits, Glasgow, GRIER- 

SON; West Mount, Jersey, PIQUET. 

264. CRAMBE MARITIMA L. Barton Bradstock, Dorset, GRAVE- 

SON. 

t266. RAPISTRUM PERENNE All. Guildford, Surrey, DRucE. 

t267. R. ORIENTALE DC. Medway Bank, Aylesford, Kent, 

TALBOT. 

t268. R. RUGOSUM All. Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, A. B. COBBE. 

291. VIOLA STAGNINA Kit. Near Drumcose Post Office, Fermanagh, 

STEEI.E, in Irish Nat. 95, 1919. 

293. 

etc., N. 

BROWN; 

V. SYLVESTRIS Kit., var. PUNCTATA Druce. 

Essex; Hitcham, W. Suffolk; Wentbridge, 

Brampton, Cumberland, BELLA1IT. 

Alphamstone, 

S. E. Yorks, 

294. V. RIVINIANA Reichb., f. NEMOROSA Neum. Pebmarsh, 

Great Tey, N. Essex, BROWN; Si· Ouen's, Jersey, DRUCE. Forma. 

I 

MINOR ¥urbeck. Fordham Heath, :N". Essex; Bromeswell Walks, W. 

Suffolk,1 BROWN. x CANINA. Oakvale, Liverpool, 1843, H. SHEP 

HERD.


*295. V. RUPE8TRI8 Scbmidt, var. GL.ABRE8CEN8 Neum. The 

stipules are not broad enough to be quite characteristic. La Moye, 

Jersey, DRUCE. On the serpentine at Baltasound, Unst, new to Scotland, 

DRUCE; Linton, Cambridge, BROWN; Upper Wharfedale,W. 

Yorks, 1918, WATERFALL; Toxquay, S. Devon, Miss LARTER. 

296. V. CANINA L. *Near Tintern, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow; 

in a cleistogamous state at Waulkmill Bay, Orkney, DRUCE. *Var. 

ERICETORUM (Schmidt). La Moye, Jersey, 1920, DRucE. Var. 

PUSILLA Bab. *La Moye, Jersey, DRucE; Fordham Heath, N. Essex, 

BROWN; Sands of Barry, Forfar, 1844, GARDINER., x LACTEA. 

Spurn Head, E. Yorks, 1898, WATERFALL, in Hb. Brown. Mrs 

Russurim sent from the Norfolk Breckland to Lady Davy, 'Miss 

Pallis's Violet.' See Brit. Violets, p. 82. 

298. V. ODORATA L., var. DUMETORUM (Jord.). Alphamstone, 

N. Esse:I:, BROWN; St Saviour, Jersey, 1852, PIQUET, in Hb. Druce. 

At Baldon, Oxford, a form with an abnormal development of 

stoloniferous flowers occurred, and Mr Foggitt sent the same from 

Thirsk. x HIRTA = 8EPINCOLA. Edwardstone, W. Suffolk, BROWN, 

Worcester, 1853, T. GI88ING, in Hb. Piquet. x HIRTA = MULTI 

CAULI8 Jord. Lockley's Warren, Herts, 1876, BLOW, in Hb. Piquet. 

299. V. HIRTA L., var. HIR8UTA Lange. Hertford, AN8ELL, an 

imberbis form. 

*300. V. CALCAREA Greg. Tidenham, W. Gloster, RIDDEL8DELL, 

in Fl. Chepstow. 

*301 (2). V. EPIP8ILA Ledeb. Hartlebury Common, Worcester, 

1855, T. GIBBING, as palustris, in Hb. Drucr,; Chepstow Park, Monmouth, 

Fl. Chr,pstow. 

306. V. CURTI8II Forst., *var. PE8NEAUI R. &: F. 

Merioneth, JONEB; Santon Warren, Norfolk, REYNOLDB. 

Norfolk. I gathered it near Brandon in Suffolk. 

319. DIANTHU8 ARYERIA L. Wacoon, Norfolk, 

Bouley Bay, Jersey, 1903, PIQUET, as D. deltoides. 

Mochras, 

New to 

CLARKE;

NEW COUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS, 115 

336. SILENE CUCUBALUS Wib., tvar. ROSEA (DC.). Colchester, 

BROWN. 

*338. S. CONIC A L. In great ahund:mce on the dunes at Pembrey, 

Carmarthen, HAMER. 

t339. S. CONOIDEA L. Jersey, HUNNYBUN, In Camb. Fl. as if 

native, but it is merely alien. 

t340. S. NOCTIFWRA L. Between Crick and Mount Ballan, 

Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

t341. S. DICHOTOMA Ehrh. Llanelly, Carmarthen, HAMER; St 

Ouen's, Jersey, 1901, PIQUET. 

t343. S. ANGLICA L. 

mouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

Lydney, W. Gloster; Kilgwrrwg, Mont344. 

S. QUINQUEVULNERA L. Golf links, Felixstowe, E. 

Suffolk, M. COBBE. 

t350. S. MUSCIPULA L. Ibrox, Lanark, GRIERSON. 

t356. S. ANNULATA Fenzl. Field near St Lawrence Church, 

1857; St Ouen's, Jersey, 1901, PIQUET. 

t364. LYCHNIS CORONARIA L. Langland, Glamorgan, WE BB j 

Marston, Oxon, DRUCE. 

370. CERASTruM VUI,GATUM L., var. LUCENS Druce. On the serpentine 

a.t Ba.lta, Unst, the same as the Cabrach plant, DRUCE. 

372. C. PUMII,UM Curt. On ant heaps, on Ilsley Down, Berks, 

1920. Not seen since I first found it in that area in 1885, DRucE; 

*NewporiJ, Pembroke, DRucE; *Grea.t Orme, Carnarvon, REYNOLDS, 

a great extension of its range. 

*373. C. SEMIDECANDRUM L. Portskewett, etc., Monmouth, 

Fl. Chepstow. 

374. C. TETRANDRUM Curt.; var. ZETLANDICUM Murb. Balta. 

UnM:, DRUCE.

116 NEW (JOUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS. 

394. ARENARIA TENUIFOLIA L. Cha.rlestown, Cornwall, probably 

adventive, TRESIDDER. Var. LAXA (Jord.). Thetford, W. 

Norfolk, M. COBBE. Var. HYBRIDA (Vill.). Rondham, W. Norfolk, 

M. COBBE. 

*399. SAGINA NODOSA Fenzl. Between Howey and Vanelwedd, 

Radnor, WEBB. Var. MONILIFORMIS. *Baltasound, Dnst, Shetland, 

DRucE. 

401. S. SUBULATA Presl, var. GLABRATA Lange. Near Burga 

Water, Shetland. 

*406 (2). S. REUTERI Boiss. Penarth, Glamorga,n, 1909, TROW, 

in Herb. Brit. Mm., ex PEARSALL. 

410. SPERGULA SATIVA Boenn. Lochgelly, Fife, BELL. 

H18. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA L. Woods a,t Armida,le, Skye, Miss 

FLORA RUSSELL. 

t419. C. PERFOLIATA Donn. St Clement, Jersey, 1908, Hb. 

Piquet. 

*421. MONTIA FONTANA L. = M. LAMPROSPERMA Cham., var: 

BOREORIVULARIS Druce. Burrafirth, Dnst, DRUCE. 

*421 (2). M. VERNA Neck., va,r. INTERMEDIA (Beeby). Brecon 

Beacons, BARTON. 

424. ELATINE HEXANDRA DC. Cym Bychan, Harlech; Llyn 

Tecwyn, Merioneth, JONES. 

t426. HYPERICUM HIRCINUM L. Highcliffe, near Christchurch, 

S. Hants, 1919, BISHOP. 

t427. H. ELATUM Ait. Carmarthen, HAMER. 

435. H. QUADRANGULUM L. A form with something of the 

appea,rance of Desetangsii, near Hartford Bridge, Hants, Lady DAVT 

and Mrs THOMPSON.


t439 (4). MALOPE HISPIDA Cav. Cultivated field, Beaminster, 

Dorset., GRAVE SON. 

t441. ALTHAEA ROSEA L. Langland, Glamorgan, WEBB. 

t442. A. OFFICINALIS L. Edge of the canal, near Byfleet, 

Surrey, 1920, two large clumps, BRITTON. 

t*443. A. HIRSUTA L. St OUlen's Bay, Jel"lsey, PIQUET. 

452. MALVA SYLVESTRIS L.,· var. ANGUSTILOBA Celak. With 

periwinkle-blue flowers, at Thetford Camp, W. Suffolk, A. B. COBBE. 

t*458. M. CRISPA L. St Peter's Common, Jersey, PIQUET. 

*463. TILIA PLATYPHYLLOS SCOop. Castle Woods, Monmouth, Fl. 

Ghepstow. 

*467 .. LINUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Huds. Tintern, eoo., Monmouth, 

Fl. Ghepstow. 

t468. L. USITATISSIMUM.L., sub-var. ALBIFLORA. Leith Docks, 

in some quantity, FRASER. 

469. L. ANGLICUM Mill. Aylmerton, E. NOorfolk ,CLARKE. 

t479. GERANIUM PHAEUM L. Bra,unceston, E. Norfolk, CLARKE. 

t479 (2). G. ENDREssI Gay. llfracombe, N. Devon, Dev. Rep., 

1, 1920. 

*481. G. PYRENAICUM Burm. f. Tintern, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

*485. G. ROTUNDIFOLIUM L. 

Chichester, W. Sussex, BURDON. 

tity south of the city in hedges. 


Old gravel pit at Postfield, near 

Subsequently we found it in quan 

Old Town Wall, Chepstow, Mon- 

488. G. ROBERTIANUM L.,sub.-ap. CELTICUM Ostenf. 

1920, Mra EVANS. 

Galway,

118 NEW COUNTY ANP OTHER RECORDS. 

497. ERODlUM PIMPINELLIFOLIUM Sibth. N ear Exeter, Devon, 

Miss TODD. 

t505. OXALIS CORNICULATA L., forma. Carmarthen, D. HAMER. 

t506. O. STRICTA L. 

in Hb. Druce. 

Bewdley, Worcester, 1855, T GIBSING, 

t508. 7 O. VIOLACEA ;L. Llanstephan Green, Carmarthen, 

HAMER. 

t513. IMPATIENs GLANDULIFERA Royle. By Rheydder Bridge, 

side of Wye, Radnor, WEBB; Silverton, n~ar Exeter, D'URBAN. 

529. LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L. Thetford Camp, W. Suffolk, 

A. B. COBBE; perhaps this near Kidwelly, Carmarthen, HAMER. 

534. GENISTA PILOSA L. Found by D. A. JONES in a new 

station in 1901 on Cader Idris range, i.e., Gan Graig, Merioneth. 

*539. ULEX MINOR Roth. Epping Forest, S. Essex, 1844, 

ANSELL. 

543. ONONIS REPENS L., var. HORRIDA Lange. Barnham, W. 

Suffolk, ROBINSON; Carmarthen, not uncommon, HAMER. 

t548. TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L. Colchester, 1920, 

BROWN. 

t550. T. POLYCERATA L. Felixstowe Docks, E. Suffolk, M. 

COBBE. 

t*562. MEDlCAGO FALcATA L. Kirkwall, Orkney, DRucE. Var. 

TENUIFOLIOLATA Vuyck. Felixstowe Docks, E. Suffolk, A. B. COBBE: 

t579. M. HISPIDA Gaertn., var. APICULATA (Willd.). 

land, Glasgow, GRIERSON. 

Anniest581. 

M. MINIMA Desr. On the coast near Seascale, Cumberland, 

probably introduced in the wool of sheep or fur of rabbits 

from a torpedoed vessel. The carcases drifted on to the shore which 

later afforded this and M. denticulata. R. HELLON. '


t584. M. CILIARIS Krock. Leith, FRASER. 

586. M. LUPULINA L., var. UNGUICULATA Ser. Guestling, E. 

Sussex, GRAVE SON, GREGOR, and REDGROVE; West Drayton, Middlesex, 

L. B. HALL. See Rep. B.B.C. 551, 1910, where I gave the 

description. 

t592. M. SULCATA Desf. Felixstowe Docks, E. Suffolk, M. 

COBBE. 

t*593. MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS Lam. Kirkwall, Orkney, DRUCE. 

t597. M. INDICA All. Bitterne Park Brickfield, S. Hants, 

RAYNER; Glamorgan, WEBB. 

599. TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L., var. PARVIFLORUM Bab. Between 

Ware and Stanstead, Herts, 1846, ANSELL. 

t602. T. OCHROLEUCON Huds. Gravel pit, Chichester, BURDON. 

t*604. T. HTRTUM All. Byfieet, Surrey, Lady DAVY. Det. TUR- 

RILL. 

*620. T. SUBTERRANEUM L. 

broke, Z introduced, ARNETT. 

In a sown lawn at Tenby, Pemt623. 

T. TOMENTOSUM L. Cultivated ground near Malvern, 

Worcester, TOWNDROW; Colchester, BROWN. 

*628. T. REPENS L., var. RUBESCENS Seringe .. Near Hungerford, 

Berks, 1919, Major BATES VAN DE WEYER. 

t635. T. AGRARIUM L. Glasgow, GRIERSON. 

641. ANTHYLLIS VULNERARIA L., var. OCHROLEUCA Corb. Common 

a~ out Plemont, Jersey; Baltasound, Unst, DRUCE. 

646. LOTUS ULIGINOSUS Schk., va,r. GLABER Bn3b. 

. Wilts, GWATKIN; Kirkwall, Orkney, DRUCE. 

Potterne, 

653 ASTRAGALUS GLYCYPHYLLOS L. Near Welbeck, Notts, 

GOULDING, sine pers. auth.


t666. CORONILLA VARIA L. Gravel pit near Wymondham, Norfolk, 

Miss HOMEROY; slag heap, Grosmont in Eskdale, Yorks, T. C . 

. TAYLOR; Degenham, Essex, L. B. HALL. 

t667. C. SCORPIOIDES Koch. Hertford, GRAVE SON. 

t*670. ORNITHOPUS PINNATUS Druce. St Ouen's Bay, Jersey, 

1854, PIQUET. 

t673. ONOBRYCHIS VIOIIFOLIA Scop. Quenva.is, Jersey, 1857, Db. 

Piquet. 

t690. VIOlA NARBONENSIS L. Hertford, GRAVE SON, with var. 

SERRATIFOLIA; also both at Colchester, BRowN. 

t691. V. LUTEA L. Needwood Forest, Staffs, Sir ROGER CURTIS. 

t695. V. MELANOPS S. and S. Hertford, GRAVESON. 

698. V. ANGUSTIFOLIA L., sub-var. ALBA. Bramshill, N. Hants, 

Mrs THoMPsoN; Britoit's Pond, Guildford, SUll"rey, CLARKE, ex 

KENNEDY. A very prettly plant which is to be tested in culture. 

Var. ACUTA Pers. Kirkstall, .Yorks, PULLAN. Var. GARLANDII 

Druce. The Quenvais, Jersey, DRucE. 

t706. V. GRACILIS Lois. Near Goring, Oxford, Miss NEILD. 

712. LATHYRUS MARITIMUS Big. In great abundance near 

Bawdsey Ferry,"E. Suffolk, M. COBBB. Persistent sea.rch at Burrafirth, 

Unst, failed to discover the var. ACUTIFOLWS, the only stati{)n 

for this variety, DRucE. 

t718. L. HIRSUTUS L. Needwood Forest, Staffs, Sir ROGER 

CURTIS. 

t*721. L. CIOERA L. Amongst grass, on the margin of a cornfield, 

Sawbridgeworth, Herts, 1846, G. WOLSEY; Don Bridge, 

Jersey, 1905, PIQUET. 

t723 (2). L. HIEROSOLYMITANUS Boiss. Nea:' Hull, 1920, JOHN- 

SON; Colchester, BROWN.


t724. L. OCHRUS L. Felixstowe Docks, E. Suffolk, M. COBBE; 

Colchester, 1780, BRO WN. 

t726. L. APHACA L. Near Hull, Yorks, JOHN SON. The paleflowered 

form at Pyrford, Su~rey, Lady DAVY. 

729. L. MONT ANUS Bernh. A very broad-leaved and strong 

plant, near Southam, Warwick, DRUCE & KING. 

738. PRUNUS CERASUS t. Beachley, etc.,. W. Gloster, Fl. 

Chepstow. 

740. P. INSITITIA L. Killin, M. Perth. DRUCE & FRASER; 

*Castle Woods, etc., Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

*753. RUBUS PLICATUS W. & N. Tiptree Heath, N. Essex, BROWN. 

*778. R. SELMERI Lindeb. Stanway, N. Essex, BROWN. 

*782. R. LEUCANDRUS Focke. Taw Valley, below Belstone, R. 

Devon, BARTON. 

*785. R. GODRONII Lec. & Lam. Danbury Common, S. Essex, 

BROWN. 

*791.. R. MACROPHYLLOIDES Genev. West Cleave Wood, Okehanipc 

ton, S. Devon, BARTON. 

*814. R. VESTITIFORMIS Rogers. Park Corner, Oxon, DRUCE. 

*830. R. NEWBOULDII Rogers. Stanway, etc., N. Essex, BROWN. 

*832. R. PODOPHYLLUS P.J.M. Bar Hill Wood, Staffs, DALTRY. 

*842. R. MA.CROSTACHYS P.J.M. Stanway, N. Essex, BROWN. 

*850. R. INFECUNDUS Rogers. Bentley, E. Suffolk, BROWN. 

861. R! VIRIDIS Kalt. Park Corner, Oxon, DRUCE. 

t877. R. LACINIATUS Willd. Somer Norton, Somerset, Mrs 

THATCHER; Lessness, Kent, in a large wood, St. J. MARRIOTT.


t878. R. SPEC,TABILIS Pursh. Arrochar, Dumbarton, GRIERSON. 

883. GEUM RIVALE L. A pretty monstrosity with' a sessile 

flower in the leaf axil, was sent by Mr Philip Burtt from Mr S. 

Hobhouse. It came from the high'limestone hills about a mil~ south 

of Hawes, at 1200 ft. altitude. x G. INTERMEDIUM Ehrh. Cat- I 

combe Wood, near Calne, Wilts, Lady DAVY &: Mrs COLVILLE. 

t885. FRAGARIA MOSCHATA Duchesne. Hernstone Lane, Bridgend, 

Glamorgan, Hon. Mrs A. LEITH. 

886. F. VESCA L., var. SYLVATICA. 

burgh, 1894, BAILEY, as elatior. 

Teviotbank, Kelso, Roxt887. 

F. CHILOENSIS Duchesne. MumblesRailway, Glamorgan. 

WEBB. 

t892. POTENTILLA RECTA L. Boar's Hill, Berks, 1914, DRUCE; 

also in 1919, by Major BATEs VAN DE WEYER; Millbrook, Jersey, 

1851. PIQUl!lT. 

t906. P. NORVEGICA L. Aldeburgh and Felixstowe, K Suffolk; 

Thetford, W. Norfolk, M. COBBE. 

*909. ALCHEMILLA ACUTIDENS Buser. Between Grassington and 

'Conistone, M.-W. Yorks; Cross Fell, Westmoreland; Glen Falloch, 

W. Perth (Marshall), C. E. SALMON, in lourn. Bot. 113, 1920. 

909. A. PRATENSIS Schmidt. Near Caswell Wood, W. Gloster, 

1895, BAILEY. 

t91O. A. ARGENTEA Don. Still on the grass lawn of the Hotel 

at Unst, and one plant in the adjoining field. Certainly introduced. 

DRUCE. 

913. AGRIYONIA EUPATORIA L., var. SEPIUM Breb. 

worth Common, Surrey, BRITToN. 

Little- 

914. A. ODORATA Mill. Behind Gorey Castle, Jersey, 1851, 

PIQUET; Tintern, Monmouth, Fl. Ghepstow.


t91S. POTERIUM POLYGAMUM W. & K. 

1906, DRUCE. 

West Mount, Jersey, 

t924. ROSA GALLICA L. 

ney, DRUCE. 

HortaL Castle green, Kirkwall, Ork- 

92S. R. ANDEGAVENSlS Bast. Twinstead, N. Essex, DRUCE. 

'929. R. ASPERNATA Deseg. A plant near this at Highnam, W. 

Gloster, GAMBlER-PARRY; Twinstead, N. Essex, DRUCE. 

942. R. OMlSSA Deseg. Great Bedwyn, N. Wilts, HURST. 

t*944. R. POMlFERA Herrm. Dolgelley, Merioneth, GAMBlER- 

PARRY. 

966. CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA Jacq., var. lNClSlFOLlA Druce. 

Chichester, W. Sussex; Twinstead, N. Essex; near St Albans, Herts, 

DRUCE. Var. QUERClFOLlA Loud. Dartmouth, S. Devon; Appledrum, 

W. Sussex, DRucE. 

t972. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA WalL On the railway bank, 

Hangleton, Sussex, Miss COTTlS; abundant at Dolygaer, Brecon, 

WEBB; Tidenham, W. Gloster, Fl. Chepstow. 

t993. SAXlFRAGA SlBTHORPII Boiss. 

chester, Miss WILLlAMS. 

Garden weed at Win- 

1001. RIBES GROSSULARlA L. A curious sterile form, Madeley 

Bar, Staffs, DALTRY. 

1011. SEDUM RUPESTRE L. St Helier, Jersey, lS51, PlQUET. 

t10IS. S. DABYPHYLLUM L. Nea~ St Asaph, Denbigh, WEBB. 

t1023. S. SPURlUM Bieb. Waste place, Lordswood, Southamp- 

. ton, RAYNER. 

1025. S. ROBEUM Scop. First evidence for Carmarthen, 

Black Mountain, lS59, GIBSING.


*1027. DROSERA ANGLICA Huds. Over a dozen large plants In 

. a bog in the west of Merioneth, JONES. 

1030. HIPPURIS VULGARIS L. *Warren, Harlech, Merioneth. 

JONES; very small specimens near Haroldswick, Dnst, DRUCE. 

1033. MYRIOPHYLLUM ALTERNIFLORUM DC. 

field, Staffs, DRucE. 

1036. CALLITRICHE OBTUSANGULA Le Gall. 

Jersey, St Peter's, 1852, as verna, PIQUET. 

Canal at Lich- 

First evidence for 

*1037. C. PALUSTRIS L. 

in Journ. Bot. 113, 1920. 

Fairwater, Glamorgan, RIDDELSDELL, 

1038. C. POLYMORPHA Lonnr. (Named by A. Bennett). Chipping 

Campden, E. Gloster, RIDDELSDELL, in Journ. Bot. 113, 1920. 

1039. C. INTERMEDIA Hoffm. Fine specimens in canal, Cirencester, 

Gloster, GREENWOOD; first evidence for Glamorgan, Swansea, 

1859, as autumnalis, GISSING. 

*1040. C. AUTUMNALIS L. Eddleston, Peebles, 1857, BELL, III 

Rb. Druce. 

1042. PEPLIS PORTULA L. *Gors Llwyn, Brecon, WEBB; near 

Estaline, Orkney, DRUCE. 

*1045. LYTHRUM HYSSOPIFOLIA L. Husbands Bosworth, Leicester. 

ELLIS, ex HORWOOD; tBurnley, S. Lanes, RITCHINGS, ex TRAvIs. 

1049. EPILOBIUM TETRAGONUM L. Gors Llwin,' Colbren, Brecon, 

WEBB. 

t1071. FUCHSIA RICCARTONI Hort. In a moor, among heather, 

Syredale, Orkney, BURDoN& DRUCE. Colonel Johnston, .who was 

with us, has since learned that it was planted there. 

*1073. (:IRCAEA ALPINA L. The Hudnalls, Hewelsfield, W. Gloster, 

Pl. Chep~tow.

NEW COUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS. ' 125 

tI077. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM EDULE L. Ventnor, Isle 'of Wight; 

near Exeter, Devon, RAYNER. 

tI077 (3). M. AEQUILATERALE Haw. Dawlish, Devon, D'URBAN. 

Det. Dr RENDLE. 

t1082. ASTRANTIA MAJOR L. By the Evenlode, Oxon, POWELL. 

tI088. BUPLEURUM FRUTICOSUM L. This has been long naturalised 

near. Malvern (see Fl. W orc. 162). It is still there, teste Rev. 

F. BENNETT. About ten years ago I saw it at Slapton, S. Devon, 

whence Miss TODD has sent specimens this year. 

1090. B. ROTUNDIFOLIUM L. Abundant near N orthants, 

DRUOE. 

1097. APIUM GRAVEOLENS L. Culross, Fife, BELL. 

tI098. A·. LEPTOPHYLLUMF. v. Muell. Watt on station yard, 

W. Norfolk, ROBINSON. Det. TURRILL. 

*1099. A. INUNDATUM Reichb. f. Commin-y-Rhos, 'Brecon, 

WEBB. 

tllOl. AMMI MAJUS L. Pyrford', Surrey, on ground manured 

with shoddy waste, Lady DAVY & DRUOE; Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, M. 

COBBE. 

t1102. A. VISNAGA L. Carmarthen, HAMER. 

tlI03. CARUM CARVI L. Abundant and completely naturalised 

about the kirk of Baltasound, Unst; coast, John 0' Groats, Caithness; 

Stromness, Orkney, DRUCE. 

*1113. PIMPINELLA MAGNA Ruds. Woodmills, Rants, 1852, 

PIQUET. Townsend rejects P. magna for the county although it is 

given for N. & S. in Top. Bot. 

*1127. ANTHRISCUS SCANDIX Beck. 


Portskewett, etc.,' Mon- 

. ___ .---1


t1l28. A. CEREFOLIUM' Hoffm. Hayling Island, Hants, Miss 

HILLARD; Devizes, Wilts, TALBOT. 

1131. CRITHMUM MARITIMUM L. Near Landguard Fort, Felixstowe, 

A. B. COBBE. One locality only given in Fl. Suffolk. 

*113·4. (ENANTHE CROCATA L. East Mersea, N. Essex, BROWN. 

*1136. O. SILAIFOLIA Bieb. Cherwell Meadows, Aynhoe, Northants, 

abundant. Last year Mr Riddelsdell found it in· the Oxon 

meadows at Somerton, which induced me to search higher up the 

valley, DRUCE. 

t1l52. PEUCEDANUM OSTRUTHIUM Koch. 

HAMER. 

Llanelly, Carmarthen, 

t1l52 (2). P. GRAVEOLENS B. & H. St Ouen's, Jersey, 1857, 

PIQUET. 

1154. HE!tACLEUM SPHONDYLlUM L., var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM Huds. 

Commoner than the type round Llandewlrcwm, Brecon; Llanelwedd 

to Howey, Radnor, WEBB. 

t1l57. CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L. Pembrey, Carmarthen, HAMER; 

Kirkwall Waterworks, Orkney, DRucE. 

1172. HEDERA HELIX L., var. SARNIENSIS Druce. St Anne's, 

etc.; Jersey; *Chichester, W. Sussex; also at Mont Saint-Michel, 

Brittany, DRucE. 

t1187. LONICERA XYLOSTEUM L. elements Quarry, Mumbles, 

Glamorgan, WEBB. 

1192. GALIUM BOREALE L. The Beacons, Brecon, TRow. 

1193. G. MOLLUGO x VERUM. Minsterworth, Gloucester, 

GAMBIER-PARRY. 

*1194. G. ERECTUM Huds. Between Rhaydder and Elan, Radnor, 

WEBB; Downatown, Birsay, Orkney. Named by Bennett

NEW OOUNTY AND OTHER REOORDS. 127 

Bakeri. I should put it under erectwm. Distributed this year 

by Preb. Burdon. 

1195. G. HEROYNIOUM Weig. Galled with Eriophyes galiobius. 

From the downs in Sussex, WEBSTER. 

1210. ASPERuLA ARVENSIS L. Near Bennington High . Wood, 

Herts, GRAVESON~ 

1214. SHERARDIA AHVENSIS L., var. MARITIMA Griseb. Berry 

Head, S. Devon, Miss TODD. V ar. HIRSUTA Baguet. Ferryside, 


*1215. VALERIANA OFFIOINALIS L. (MIK

(" ........... - 


t1262. E. CANADENSE L. Carmarthen, HAMER. 

t*1265. FILAGO SPATHULATA Presl: Levenhall, Midlothian, 

FRASER .. 

1268. F. GALLICA L. Berechurch, October 1920, in some 

plenty, TRETHEWY. It is very gratifying to know that this rare 

species, which is often ephemeral, persists in Essex. Mr Brown distributed 

it this year from this locality. 

tI271. ANAPHALIS MARGARITACEA Clarke. Ystradgynlais and 

Abercrave, Brecon, WE BB ; Hamlet of Lake, near Tavistock, Devon, 

well established, HARRIS in Dev. Rep. 8, 1920. Burn of Beaguoy, 

Orkney, III a stream-bed, but grown in garden not far away. 

DRUCE. 

1274. GNAPHALIUM ULIGINOSUM L., *var. PILULARE (Wahl.) 

Koch. Mullion, Cornwall, Miss TODD. 

*1275 .. G. SYLVATICUM L. Llanwrthwl, Brecon, WEBB. *Var. 

ALPESTRE Gren. Tingwall, Shetland. This is the norvegicum of 

Edmondston's Flora of Shetland. 

t 1278. G. UNDULATUM L. Spreading rapidl;y over the sand) 

soils in J ers~y, seeding freely ,DRUCE. 

tI291. AMBROSIA ARTEMISIFOLIA L. Thetford, W. Suffolk, M. 

COBBE; St Ouen's Bay, Jersey, 1906, PIQUET; Silloth, Cumberland, 

WATERFALL. 

1292. A. TRIFIDA L. Thetford, W. Suffolk, M. COBBE; Docks, 

Lisiand, Cheshire, WATERFALL. 

t1294. XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, M. 

COBBE (one locality only in Fl. Suffolk); St Peter's Valley, Jersey, 

1896, PIQUET. 

t1295. X. SPINOSUM L. Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, M. COBBE; St 

Ouen's Bay, Jersey, PIQUET.

NEW COUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS. 12.9 

t1301. HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. Chigwell, S. Essex, RED GROVE. 

t 1302. H. RIGIDUS Desf. Denham, Bucks, REDGROVE. 

t1306. GUIZOTIA ABYSSINICA Cass. Salisbury, Wilts, GODDARD; 

Pyrford, Surrey, Lady DAVY; Reading, Berks, MURRAY. 

t13Il (2). BIDENs PILOSA L; Bristoi, Mrs SANDWITH. 

t1312. GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA Cav. Handcross, Sussex, Mrs 

GRAHAM. 

t1315. HEMIZONIA PUNGENS T. & G. Dovecourt, Essexi Felixstowe, 

E. Sussex, A. B. COB BE ; Hertford, GRAVESON; Silloth, Cumberland, 

WATERFALL. 

1329. ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L., var. CONSPICUA Druce. 

Twinstead,N. Essex, DRUCE. 

tI332 (2). A. FILIPENDULINA Lam. (EUPATORIUM Willd.). On 

the railway at Neithrop, Oxon, 1920, DRucE. 

t1336. SANTOLINA CHAMAECYPARISSUS L. 

then, HAMER. 

Ferryside, Carmar- 

*1343. ANTHEMIS ARVENSIS L. Lindors Farm, Monmouth, 

Fl. Chepstow. Piquet's" arvensis " from Samares, Jersey, is only 

..tt. Cotula. 

tI344. A. RUTHENICA Bieb. Cornfields, Jersey, 1900, as arvensis, 

PIQUET. 

t1352. CHRYSANTHEMUM MYCONIS L. Leith, Midlothian, 

FRASER & GRIERSON. 

1353. C. LEUCANTHEMUM L., with tubular ligules. Bewdley, 

Worcester, 1854, GISSING; Alveston, W. Gloster, Miss ROPER. 

1356 (5). C. LACUSTRE Brot. Alien. Hortal. Langland, 

Glamorgan, WEBB.


1360. MATRICARIA INODORA L., var. flore pleno. Maisemore, 

Gloster, GAMBlER-PARRY. A frequent garden plant in the Orkneys. 

V ar. SALINA Bab. Carmarthen, HAMER. 

*1361. M. CHAMOMILLA L. Chepstow, W. Gloster, Fl. Ohepstow. 

t1362. M. SUAVEOLENS Buch. Near the lighthouse under 

Hermaness, the most northern point of the British Isles. DRucE. 

t1363 (2). M. DISCIFORMlS DC. Bristol, Mrs SANDWITH. 

1370. ARTEMISIA SCOPARIA W. & K. Crosby, Lanes, 1895, 

Rev. W. W. MASON. 

1373. A. VULGARIS L., var. COARCTATA Fors. Ferryside, Carmarthen, 

HAMER; St Brelade's, Jersey, PIQUET. 

t1380. A. BIENNIS -Willd. Thetford, Caistor-on-Sea, W. and E. 

Norfolk, M. COBBE; Ferryside, Carmarthen, HAMER. 

t1388. DORoNICUM PARDALIANCHES L. Frequent at Disserth, 

Radnor, WEBB. 

1395. SENECIO ERUCIFOLIUS L. To a glabrous form of this 

Dr Thellung refers the" S. crassifolius from Walmer " collected 

by Miss DAY, in 1907. 

t1396. S. SQUALIDUS L. Carmarthen, HAMER. 

t~402. S. ClNERARIA DC. Ca~lWell, Glamorgan, WEBB. 

t1408 (24). S. SMITHII DC. (CINERARIA GIGANTEUS Sm. Eng. 

Bot. ii., 2, t. 65). In a ditch between John 0' Groats and Castleton, 

Caithness, 1919 and 1920, Mrs WEDGWOOD & DRUCE. Det. 

THELLUNG. 

t14t2. ECHINOPS SPHAEROCEPHALUS L. Neithrop, Marston 

brick-yards, . Oxon, 1920, DRucE; near Carmarthen, HAMER; Fort 

Regent, Jersey, 1903, PIQUET. 

*1415. CARLINA VULGARIS L. Colbrennan tips, Radnor, WEBB.


*1431. CIRSIUM TUBEROSUM All. On the chalk near Eversden, 

Cambridge, A. H. EVANs. A remarkable and most interesting extension 

of its range. One of the best finds of the year. 

t*1432. C. OLERACEUM Scop. St Peter's Valley, Jersey, 1861, 

FIQUET. 

t1433. C. ARVENSE Scop., vaL MITE M. &; K. Dovercourt, 

Essex, A. B. COBBE. Var. INCANUM Ledeb. (of SETOSUM). By the 

Aire, Shipley, Yorks, A. M. SMITH. 

1434. C. PALUSTRE Scop., *var. FEROX Druce. Baltasound, 

U nst, Tingwall, Ronas V oe, Sandwick, etc., Shetland; Birsay, Hoy, 

etc., Orkney, DRucE. 

*1439. ONOPORDON ACANTHIUM L. Tintern Road, Monmouth, 

Fl. Ghepstow. 

1449. CENTAUREA JACEA L. In De Crespigny's old locality 

near Kingswood, Surrey, 1920, REDGRovE. Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA 

(Gugler). Don Bridge, PIQUET; Val des Vaux, Jersey, Dr BULL, as 

nigra; Wellington College, Berks, BRITTON. 

tI450. C. NIGRESOENS Willd. Goring, Oxford, 1917, GAMBIER- 

PARRY. 

1451. C. NEMORALIS Jord., teste Britton. St Albans, Herts; 

Hopcroft's Holt, Oxon; Grendon, Bucks; Selham, Sussex; Boar's 

Hill, Berks; Pan Downs, Isle of Wight, DRUCE; St Saviour's, Jersey, 

PIQUET; S. Tawton, Devon, Fox. Forma RADIATA. Carisbrooke, 

Isle of Wight; Boar's Hill, Berks; Binsey, Oxon; St Albans, Herts; 

Grendon Meadows, Bucks; Brackley, Northants, DRucE. 

1451. C.CONSIMILIS Jord. West Horsley, Surrey [1766J, 

BRITTON. 

1451. C. MICROPTILON Gren., forma. Wood Perry Wood, Oxon, 

DRucE; Banstead and Epsom Downs [2 and 86], Surrey, BRITTON. 

1452. C. NEMOPHILA Jord. Lower Morden, Surrey [2040], 

BRITTON.


1454. C. CYANUS L. Dinham, etc., Monmouth, n. Chepstow. 

1462. C. SOLSTITIALIS L. In great abundance at Felixstowe, 

E. Suffolk, M. COBBE. 

1463. C. MELITENSIS L. Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, M. COB BE ; 

Colchester, BROWN. 

1494. CREPIS BIENNIS L. Newport, Countess Wear, S. Devon, 

D'URBAN; field near Askham Bog, York, GRAVESON. 

tI495. C. NICAEENSIS Balb. By the water-works, Kirkwall, 

Orkney. Shown us by Col. Johnston. It has persisted for many 

years. 

*1559. HIERAClUM PROXIMUM F. J. ff. Keswick, Cumberland, 

PUGSLEY, in lourn .. Bot. 282, 1920. 

*1591. H. FARRENSE F: J. H. Hesleden Glen, W. Yorks, PUGS- 

LEY, in lourn. Bot. 285, 1920. 

*1608. H. IRRIGUUM Fr., var. SCANICUM (Dahlst.), teste PUGSLEY, 

l.c. Saintfield, Co. Down. Named in the Wats. B.B.C. 16. 

1902-3, diaphanoides. This I gathered near Dublin in 1907. 

1641. HYPOCHOERIS GLABRA L. Frequent at St Breladeis, etc., 

Jersey, with a form worth further study, DRUCE. Miss A. B. 

COBi3E found at Thetford Camp, W. Suffolk, a similar plant to the 

large form referred to in Rep. B.B.C. 288, 1918. 

1646. TARAxAcuM SPECTABILE Dahlst. 

and Shetland, DRUCE. 

Common in Orkney 

*1646. T. GEIRHILDAE Beeby. I put this as a var. of T. spectabile 

Dahlst. Stromness, Orkney. I found it in the locus 

classicus by the Loch of Girlstone, Shetland, DRucE. 

1646. T. NORDSTEDTIANUM Dahlst. Chichester, W. Sussex, 

DRUCE.

.... ..-! 


t*1647. CHONDRILLA JUNCEA L. StOuen's Bay, Jersey; 1905, 

PIQUET. 

t*1648. LACTUCA VIROSA L. Near Severn Tunnel Junction, Monmouth, 

Fl. Chepstow. 

t1653. L. TATARICA C. A. Mey.' Docks, Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, 

M. COBBE. 

1655. SONCHUS PALUSTRIS L. Near the Waveney, E. Suffolk, 

1920, GRAVE SON. It was in some quantity and in good condition. 

ThIs very important re-discovery leads one to hope that the Fen 

Ragworts may yet be found to exist. 

1656. S. ARVENSIS L:, var. GLABRESCENS G. G. & W. East 

Mersea, N. Essex, BRowN. 

1657. S. ASPER Hill, var. PUNGENS Bisch. Wytham, Berks. 

Distributed this year. Neithrop, Botley, Oxon; Thame, Bucks; 

Wilsford, Wilts; St Neot's, Hunts; Southam, Warwick; Aynhoe, 

N orthants, DRucE. V ar. INTEGRIFOLIUS Wallr. St Helier, Jersey; 

Chichester, W. Sussex; Cardiff, Glamorgan; St Neot's, Hunts; 

Croughton, Peterborough, Northants; Chatteris, Madingley, Cambridge; 

Twinstead, N. Essex; Sudbury, Suffolk; near Aylesbury, 

Bucks; Wilsford, Wilts; Southam, Warwick; Lichfield, Staffs; Lochearnhead, 

Perth; Inverness; Wick, Caithness; Kirkwall, Orkney; 

Scalloway, Unst, Shetland, DRUCE. 

1658'. S. OLERACEUS L., var: TRIANGULARLS Dum. . Newport, 

Countess Wear, S. Devon, D'URBAN; Wilsford, Wilts; Croughton, 

Northants; Oxford; near Woburn, Beds; St Neot's, Hunts; Lichfield, 

Staffs, DRucE. Var. LACERUS Willd. Crabbe, St Brelade's, 

Jersey; Petit Bot, Guernsey; near Yarmouth, Isle of Wight; 

Chichester, W. Suffolk; Aynhoe, N orthants, DRucE. It is probable 

that these varieties are elementary species. 

t1661.TRAGOPOGON CROCIFOLIUS L. Bulwark, Chepstow, Monmouth, 

the ground now built over, Capt. FRAsER, in Fl. Ch(!'pstow. 

1664. LOBELIA DORTMANNA L. This is the '.' lsoetes" from

134 NEW- COUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS. 

Lough Magillie, Wigtown, 1883, C. BAILEY. 

a desideratum for this county. 

The Quillwort is still 

*1665. L. URENS L. Native on a heath in the vicinity of Poole, 

Dorset, Sir H. C. HAWLEY, in litt. An important record for the 

year. Near Highcliffe, S. Hants, Mrs LUFF. 

1666. JASIONE MONTANA L., var. MAJOR M. & K. L'Etac, Jersey; 

Saxa Vord, Dnst, DRUCE. 

1672. CAMPAlWLA LATIFOLIA L. Cheddington, Dorset, GRAVE- 

SON. Only one locality in Fl. Dorset. 

tI674. C. RAPUNcuLoIDEs L. Hedge, near Thetford, West 

Norfolk, M. COBBE. 

t1676. C. PERSICIFOLIA L. Etchilhampton Down, Wilts, one 

specimen, GWATKIN. It is grown in the cottage gardens of the 

village. 

1694. ERICA CINl

_ ... -.J 


1725. PRIMULA VULGARIS Huds., forma or sub-var. ROSEA. 

Found in a wood on the slope above Bury Lodge, S. Hants, by Sir 

T. BUTLER. It had never been noticed there previously. 

tI 731. CYCLAMEN HEDERIFOLIUM Ait. In woods between Pen 

Moel and Lancaut, near Gloster; Usk Road, near Chepstow, Monmouth, 

Fl. Chepstow. 

t*1734. LYSIMACHIA PUNCTATA L. Of garden origin, but estab. 

lished, near Stenness, Orkney,DRucE. 

*1742. ANAGALLIS FEMINA Mill. Arthog, Merioneth, J ONES. 

t1750. VINCA MAJOR L. Cwmtwrch, Brecon, WEBB. 

*1755. CENTAURIUM VULGARE Rafn. St Catherine's Bay, Jersey, 

PIQUET. 

*1758. C. CAPITATUM Druce. Near Carmarthen, HAMER. 

1763. GENTIANA AMARELLA L., var. CALYCINA Druce. Locally 

common at Burrafirth, Unst; Dunscansby Head, Caithness, DRUCE. 

tI 777. POLEMONIUM CAERULEUM L. Bank of river between 

Kimpton Hoo and Whitwell, Herts, 1847, ANSELL. 

tI781. HELIOTROPIUM EUROPAEUM L. Swaythling, S. Hants, 

RAYNER. 

t1783. OMPHALODES VERNA Moench. 

1844, ANSELL. Doubtless planted. 

Panshanger Park, Herts, 

tI 787. LAPPULA ECHINATA Gilib. Newport, Countess Wear, S. 

Devon, D'URBAN; near Weston, Bath, N. Somerset,. GREEN; Beaminster, 

Dorset, GRAVE SON. 

tI 789. BENTHAMIA (AMSINCKU) ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lehm.). 

ford, Felixstowe, W. and E. Suffolk, Miss COBBE. 

Thet- 

t1789 (3). B. LYCOPSIOIDES Lindl. Colchester, BROWN.


tl789 (5). B. INTERMEDIA Druce. Earls Croome, Worcester, 

CARLETON REA; Hertford, GRAVE SON . 

. t1789 (6). B. MENZIESn (Nelson & M'Bride). Kirtlington, 

Oxon, FELLow. 

t1793. SYMPHYTUM ORIENTALE L. Lane near St Helier, Jersey, 

1908, as tauricum, PIQUET. 

t179S. ANCHUSA SEMPERVIRENS L. Brecon, WEBB. 

t1799. A. UNDULATA L. Thetford Camp, W. Suffolk, M. COBBE. 

tlS02. A. AZUREA Mill. Neithrop, Oxon, DRUCE. 

t1803. A. PROCERA Bess. Thetford Camp, W.Suffolk, M. 

COBBE, teste THELLUNG. 

1813. MYOSOTIS PALUSTRIS Hill, var. STRIGULOSA (Reichb.). 

Traeth Glasly, Merioneth, LLOYD WILLIAMS. 

1817. M. SYI,VATICA Hoffm. 

Surrey, probably planted, DRUCE; 

Barton Bradstock, Dorset, GRAVESQN. 

record. 

Plantation near· Godalming, 

Elan Woods, Brecon, WEBB; 

If native here a new county 

*1821. M. LUTEA Pers. (BALBISIANA). St Catherine's, Jersey; 

Balta., Unst, from the extreme north and south of the British Isles, 

DRUCE. 

*1825. ECHIUM VULGARE L. Tipsot, Ystradgynlais, Brecon. 

WEBB. 

t1827. E. PLANTAGINEUM L. Field near Boxgrove, W. Sussex, 

one plant, F. DRUCE. Passed as correct by C. C. LACAITA. 

tlS30. CERINTHE MINOR L. Thetford Camp, W. Suffolk, A. B. 

COB BE ; Welbeck, N otts, GOULDING. 

1831. VOLVULUS SEPIUY Med., var. COLORATUS (Lange). Cadgwith, 

Cornwall, Miss TODD.


t1831. V. DAHURICUS (Sims). Marston, Oxon, DRUCE. 

t1837. CUSCUTA EPILINUM DC. Twinstead, N. Essex, DRucE. 

1838. C. EURo.PAEA L. Hedge, Shepperto.n, Middlesex, 1920, 

BRITTo.N. In the Fl. Middlesex it is said to. have been last seen in 

the co.unty in Hyde Park in 1821. Mr Hunnybun's re~o.rd fo.r this 

co.unty in Journ. Bot. 58, 1918, is an erro.r, as the lo.cality he gives 

near Windso.r is o.f co.urse no.t in Middlesex but in Bucks where it 

has been kno.wn fo.r many years. 

1839. C. EPITHYMUM Murr. West side o.f Burrafirth, Dnst, 

Saxby Flora. This needs co.nfirmatio.n as it is an unlikely plant to. 

occur there. *Dyffryn, Merio.neth, Jo.NES. 

tI851. PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI L. Fields at St Helier, St Ouen's, 

Jersey, 1901, PIQUET. 

tI852. NICANDRA PHYSALo.IDES Gaertn. 

1906, PIQUET. 

St Ouen's, 

Jersey. 

t 1853. LYCIUM CHINENSE Mill. Cwmtwrch, Breco.n, WEBB. 

t1855. DATURA STRAMo.NIUM L. Thetfo.rd, W. No.rfo.lk; Felix~ 

stowe, Aldeburgh, E. Suffo.lk, A. B. Co.BBE. Exceptio.nally fine. 

tI860. VERBASCUM PHLo.Mo.IDES L. Waste gro.und, Byfleet 

Park, Surrey, BRITTo.N. 

t1863. V. VIRGATUM Sto.kes. Cirencester, Glo.ster, GREENWo.o.D; 

Bango.r, Carnarvo.n, Mrs WEDGWOOD. 

tI864. V. BLATTARIA L. St Co.lumb Majo.r, Co.rnwall; Shalford, 

Surrey, Mrs WEDGWo.o.D; Tan-y-Bwlch, Merioneth, JONES; 

Dudbridge, Gloster, BAILEY .. 

t1864 (3). V. SINUATUM: L. Levenhall, Edinburgh, FRASER. 

*1867. V. NIGRUM L. Tan-y-Bwlch, Merio.neth, Jo.NES. 

t 1873 (2). LINARIA DALM:ATICA Mill. Neithrop, Oxon, DRUCE.


t1877. L. PURPUREA MilL St Vincent's Rocks, Gloster, PAGE. 

tI880. L. PELISSERIANA Mill. Between Pendinal? and the river 

Istwith, south of Aberystwith, Cardigan, JONES. 

*1883. L. MINOR Desf. St Brelade's, Jersey, PIQUET. 

1884. L. SPURIA Mill., var. PELORIA. Great Bedwyn, Wilts .. 

HURST. 

t1889. ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS L. Brecon Castle, WEBB. 

t1898. MIMULUS GUTTATUS DC. River Gynon, near Llwdcoed, 

Brecon; Wye, at Rhayader, Radnor, WE BB ; Mailand Burn, Dnst, 

DRucE. 

tI899. M. MOSCHATUS Dougl. Whiddon, Devon, Miss TODD; 

on dredged mud, Hertford, GRAVE SON. 

*1912. VERONICA AQUATIC A Bernh. Forfarshire, 1835, REID, 

in Hb. New York; Saumares Miles, Jersey, DRucE. 

*1912 (2). V. ANAGALLIS-AQUATICA L., vera. Blanches Banques, 

Jersey, DRucE. 

1918. V. VERNA L. Exceptionally fine specimens were gathered 

by Miss M. COBBE, on Thetford Heath and Warren this spring. 

t1922. V. TRIPHYLLOS L. Charlestown, Cornwall, Mrs WEDG- 

WOOD & RILSTONE. 

t1927. V. PEREGRINA L. St Saviour's, Jersey, 1876, Dr BULL. 

tl930 (4). V. SPECIOSA R. Cunn. Langland, Glamorgan, 

WEBB; near Barmouth, Merioneth, frequently planted on the coast, 

DRucE. 

*1931. EUPHRASIA STRICTA Host. Pembrey, Carmarthen, 

HAMER. 

1931. E. HIRTELLA Jord. Moretonhampstead and Manatn,


N. Devon, and E. FOULAENSIS Towns. Moretonhampstead" N. 

Devon, LARTER, in Devon Rep. 5, 1920. On whose authority these 

very critical plants are named is not stated. 

1932. E. BOREALIS Wetts. Stenness, etc., Orkney; Baltasound, 

Dnst, DRUCE. To this species Dr Ostenfeld and Dr Jorgensen refer 

some beautiful plants which are a new form to me from Hoy, Swanbister, 

Syredale, Orkney; Asta, Tingwall, Sandwick, Stroma, 

Whiteness, Lerwick, Ronas V oe, Balta, Burrafirth, 'and Haroldswick, 

Shetland, DRUCE., 

1933. E. BREVIPILA Burn. & Gremli. St Lawrence, Isle of 

Wight, LOYDALL; Llandrindod, Radnor, Miss TODD; Moss-side, Stafford, 

S. A. BENNETT; Cnochan, W. Ross & W. Sutherland; Duncansby-Head, 

Caithness; Kirbister, Orkney; Scalloway, Baltasound, 

Shetland; *St Brelade's, Jersey, DRUCE. 

1934. E. NEMOROSA H. Mart., var. CILIATA Drabble. Park 

Corner, Oxford; Princes Risborough, Bucks; Tubney, Berks; between 

Bethesda and Llanberris, Carnarvon; Bodeilio, Anglesey; 

Twinstead, N. Essex; Linton, Cambri dge ; Duncans by Head, 

Caithness, DRUCE. 

1935. E. CURTA Wetts., var. GLABRESCENS Wetts. Kirbister, 

Orkney; Newborough, Anglesey; Castle Rock, Co. Down, DRUCE. 

1936. E. OCCIDENTALIS Wetts. Harlech, Merioneth, DRUCE. 

1938. E. FOULAENSIS Towns. Baltasound, Burrafirth, Stroma. 

Whiteness, Tingwall, etc., Shetland, DRUCE. 

. 1939. E. GRACILIS Fr. Tyn-y-Croes, Merioneth; Grand Mare, 

Guernsey, DRUOE. 

1940. E. SCOTICA Wetts. Braemore, W. Ross; Glen More, 

Easterness; Ronas V oe, Tingwall, Burrafirth, Baltasound, Saxa 

Vord, Shetland, DRUCE. 

1940 (2). E. MINIMA Fr. Carnedd Llewellyn, Carnarvon, 

DRUCE.

,---- 


1940 (3). E. CONFUSA Pugsl. Exmoor, S. Somerset, 1919, 

PUGSLEY, in litt. 

1941. E. ROSTKOVIANA Hayne. Burrafirth, Shetland, as a very 

curious form, DRUCE. 

1943. E. KERNERI Wetts. Twinstead, N. Es'sex; Swaffham, W. 

Norfolk; Llanberris, Carnarvon, DRucE. 

19'51. PEDICULARIS SYLVATICA L., sub-var. ALBA. Exbourne. 

N. Devon, Rev . .A. C. MORRIS. 

1952. RHINANTHUS MAJOR Ehrh. Baltasound, Unst, DRucE. 

1953. R. RUSTICULUS (Stern.) Druce. *Baltasound. Plants 

similar to the Rev. E. S. Marshall's Stenness specimens. This 

starved form grew in a few places on the south side of the Loch of 

Stenness, as Mr Marshall describes, but it gradually merged into 

plants I should have been content to call stenophyllus or Cristagalli. 

' 

1954. R. STENOPHYLLUS Schur. TidenhainChase, W. Gloster, 

Fl. Chepstow. 

1955. R. MONTICOLA Drl1-ce. Glen More, Easterness, DRucE. 

1960. MELAJlfPYRUJIf PRATENSE L., var. HIANS Druce. Perdyn 

Glen, Brecon, WEBB. Var. LAURIFOLIUM (Beauv.). Ufton Wood. 

Warwick, DRucE. 

197L OROBANCHE MINOR Sutt., *var. FLAVESCENS Reut. Near 

Beaminster,· Dorset, GRAVESON. 

1972. O. PURPUREA Jacq. Mundesley, E. Norfolk, CLARKE. 

1975. UTRICULARIA VULGARIS L. *Reen, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow; 

Bewdley, Worcester, 1899 .. The record in the Flora was not 

definitely from a Worcester locality. 

*1976. U. MAJOR Schmid. Tingwall, Bardister, Shetland, 

DRUCE.


1978. U. MINOR L. Tingwall, Shetland, DRUCE. 

1989. MENTHA ALOPECUROIDES Hull. Rondham, Norfolk, M. 

COBBE; Bishop's Stortford, Essex, BRowN; Linton, Cambridge, 

GRAVESON & DRucE; Tinsley Green, Sussex, GRAVE SON ; St Saviour's 

Valley, Jersey; as rot'undifolia, PIQUET. 

1990. M. LONGIl!'OLIA Huds. Kilkenny, Ireland, Hon. Mrs 

FIENNES. Var. NEMOROSA, teste A. BENNETT. Slateford, Edinburgh, 

FRASER. M. LONGIFOLIA X ROTUNDIFOLIA. St Lawrence 

Valley, J~rsey, as alopecuroides, PIQUET. 

1994. M. AQUATICA L. Galled with Erioph.yes mentharius. 


1995. M. PUBESCENS Willd., agg. Bayford, Herts, W. 

GRAVESON. 

1997. M. GENTILIS L. Liskeard, Cornwall; Bovey Tracey, 

Devon, Miss TODD; Swallowfield, Berks, Miss BAcoN; Wye banks 

ab~ve Tintern, Monmouth and W. Gloster, Pl. Chepstow. 

*2012. SATUREIA NEPETA Scheele. Netley, S. Hants, 1852, 

PIQUET. 

t2023. SALVIA PRATENSIS L. Near Guildford, Surrey, 1847, 

ANSELL. 

t2025. S. NEMOROSA L. Thetford, W. Suffolk, M. COBBE. 

*2034. NEPETA CATARIA L. Near L'Etac, Jersey, 1855, PIQUET. 

2042. SCUTELLARIA GALERICULATA L., var. PUBESCENS Benth. 

Langharne, Carmarthen, HAMER. 

2044. PRUNELLA VULGARIS L., var. NEMORALIS 'Beg. 

then, HAMER. 

Carmar- 

*2046. P. LACINIATA L. On the downs near Herne Bay', E. 

Kent, W. R. SHERRIN.


t2048. SIDERITIS MONTANA L. Felixstowe Docks, E. Suffolk, 

M. COBBE. 

2056. STACHYS SYLVATICA L., f. MONSTROSA. The corolla tube 

not exerted, the perfect flowers green, with reddish margins, leaves 

yellowish-green, with red markings. Tickenham, etc., N. Somerset, 

and near Caldicot, Monmouth, CECIL & NOEL SANDWITH. 

2056. x S. AMBIGUA Srn. Mosterton, Dorset, GRAVE SON. In 

Shetland frequently as a garden plant and usually without sylvatica 

near. 

*2061. GALEOPSIS VERSICOLOR Mill. Peat moor, and in cultivated 

ground near Glastonbury, N. Somerset, Mrs SANDWIT:r. 

*2072. LAMlUM HYBRIDUM ViII. Sedbury, W. Gloster, Fl. Ghepstow. 

2077. BALLOTA NIGRA L. Abundant, with white flowers, at 

Bawdsey Ferry, Suffolk, A. B. COBBE. It is a pretty, small-leaved 

form of albifiora which seems a distinct ~ariety. 

*2077. B. RUDERALIS SW. Thetford, W. Suffolk, M. COB BE ; 

Portishead, N. Somerset, an abnormal form with less attenuate 

calyx-teeth, Mrs SANDWITH. 

*2091. PLANTAGO HUDSONIANA Druce. Ledmore, W. Ross, 

DRUCE. 

2092. P. LANCEOLATA L. A curious monstrosity in which the 

inflorescence is almost replaced by long leafy bracts, Mangrove Lane, 

Hertford, 1847, ANSELL. *Var. DEPRESSA. Burrafirth, Shetland, 

DRUCE. 

*2098. P. MEDIA L. St Ouen's Bay, Jersey, 1854, PIQUET. 

Babi-ngton recorded it as common, but there is no record in the 

Flora of Jersey. Perhaps this is an alien specimen. 

2099. P. MAJOR L., var. INTERMEDIA (Gil.). 

ham, Norfolk, Mrs RUSSURIM. 

Near Wymond-

NEW OOUNTY .A:ND OTHER REOOKDS. 143 

*2102. lLLEOEBRUM VERTIOILLATUM L. New Forest, S. Hants, 

'\ 

two important discoveries- extending the range from Cornwa[l to \. ~ 

Kent, are among the best of the year. The question arises-have 1_ -.'.:- 

they been previously overlooked, or are they comparatively recent \ 

arrivals 1 With regard to the latter record, Mrs Godden pertinently 

suggests that the locality given in the Flora of Kent of four miles 

- S. W. of Dover may be a misreading for Doves, Kent, as the localityis 

just about four miles from that place. If so, the plant has a 

longer history in Kent. 

RAYNER; ~,p,::~~~~3~~~!~tY"::~;~s.£;3r~~~;;-l}:§~~;",,,W"!"s" G.oD_~_~~!.=.!hese 

t2105. HERNIARIA HIRSUTA L. Charleston, Cornwall, RILSTONE 

& Mrs WEDGWOOD. 

2109. SOLERANTHUS ANNuUS L., var. HIBERNUS- Reichb. 

quay, Cornwall, VWURS. 

New- 

2nO. AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS L., var. DELILEI (Richt. & 

Lor.) Then. St Saviour's Valley; old quarry, St Peter's Valley, 

Jersey, PIQUET. 

t2113 (2). A. THUNBERGII Moq. Thetford, W. Suffolk, A. B. 

COBBE. 

2114 (3). A. SILVESTER Vill. (A. ANGUSTIFOLIUS). 

places, St Helier, Jersey, PIQUET. 

Waste 

2120. CHENOPODIUM HYBRIDUM L. Hayling, S. Hants, Miss 

HILLARD; *Kirkwall, Orkney, DRUOl') & .TOHNSTON. 

2122. C. MURALE L. Pembrey, Carmarthen, HAMAR. Var. 

MIOROPHYLLUM Boiss. Felixstowe, E. S:uiIolk, A. B. COBBE; Glasgow, 

GRIERSON. 

t2123. C. '-OPULIFOLIUM Scl:J-rad. Rainham, Essex, L. B. HALL. 

2124. C. ALBUM L., var. VIRIDESOENS St Amans. Wellingborough, 

Northants; St Philip's, Bristol; Drayton, Middlesex; CardiiI,Glamorgan, 

DRUOE. Var. VIVAx Sonder (cf. Murr Bot. Mag. 

Cap. 9, 1903). Falmouth, Cornwall, 1917, M. COBBE. Var. vIRIDE


(L.). Beaumaris, Anglesey; Byfieet, Surrey; Dundee, Forfar, 

DRUCE. Var. EROSUM. Marston"Oxford, DRUCE. Var. OBTUSATUM 

Gaud. Stockleigh Pomeroy, S. Devon, Hb. Druce. Var. PEDUN 

CULARE (Pers.). Pyrford, Surrey, DRucE. Var. SERRATIFOLIUM 

Murr. Water Eaton, Bucks, REDGROVE. Var. PAUOIDENS (Murr). 

Thames Ditton, 1868, WATSON; Woking, Surrey, DRuoE; Galashiels, 

Selkirk, Miss HAYWARD. Var. SUBFICIFOLIUM (Mur'r). 

Thames Ditton, 1868, WATSON; Pyrford, Surrey, 1915, DRuoE; Walton, 

S. Lancs, WHELDON; Sibford, Oxon, DRUCE. Watson says he 

raised his plants from seeds of wild candicans. They may have been 

crossed, however. Also from Heronry, Birch, Essex [Ref. No. 1623], 

BROWN. This is intermediate with the type. Var. SUBOPULIFOLIUM 

(Murr). Radwinter, N. Essex, 1898, DRucE; Galashiels, Selkirk, 

Miss HAYWARD. 

t2-124 (3). C. BERNBURGENSE (Zschacke). Falmouth, Cornwall, 

1917, RILSTONE; Little Herkesely,. Essex [Ref. No. 976], 1916. 

BROWN. 

2124 (5). C. LANCEOLATUM Muhl. Alresford, N. Essex [Ref. 

No. 218], BRowN; Pyrford, Surrey; Cardiff, Glamorgan, 1916, 

DRUCE; Prescott, Lancs [x 454], TRAVIS; Bradford, York, as alba 

x striatum, CRYER; Selkirk, DRucE. 

*2124 (7). C. LANOEOLATIFORME Murr. Botley, Oxon, DRucE; 

Galashiels, Selkirk, Miss HAYWARD. 

t2125. C. LEPTOPHYLLUM Nutt. Aldeburgh, Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, 

A. B. COBBE. 

2126. C. FICIFOLIUM Sm. Bradford, York, CRYER; Mathern, 

etc., Monmouth, Fl. Chep6tow. 

2127. C. GLAUOUM L. Degenham, Essex, L. B. HALL; *garden 

ground, St Helier, Jersey, 190'9, PIQUET. 

t2131 (2). C. HIROlNUM Schrad., var. SUBTRILOBUM Iss1. Felixstowe, 

E. Suffolk, A. B. COBBE. 

*2131 (4). C. BERLANDlERI Moq. Pyrford, Surrey, 1915,

..J 


DRUOE; Billingshurst, W. Sussex (as opulifolium, var. betulifolium), 

1917, WEBSTER; Botley, Oxon, 1916, DRucE. '. Forma nova HAS 

TATUM Murr. Billingshurst, W. Sussex, WEBSTER. 

t2131 (12). C. AURICOMIFORME Murr & Thell. Bradford, York, 

CRYER. This was thought b;r Dr Thellung to come under pan,icUlatum, 

but Murr refers it to this species. 

t2134. C. VIRGATUM Ambrosi. 

plentiful, A. B. COBBE. 

Thetford Warren, E. Suffolk, 

2139. SPINACIA OLERACEA L., var. SPINOSA. Glasgow, GRIER- 

SON. 

2144. ATRIPLEX PATULA L., var. BRACTEATA Westerl. Alphamstone, 

N. Essex, BROWN; Cardiff, Glamorgan; Pyrford, Surrey, 

DRUOE. 

2146. A. CALOTHECA Fr. Caithness coast, LILLIE, ex BENNETT, 

in Journ. Bot., is an error. Not true calotheca, Mr Bennett tells 

me. 

2147. A. HASTATA L., var. OPPOSITIFOLIA Moq. Walton on the 

Naze, S. Essex, BROWN. Var. MICROTHECA Rafn. Hitchin, Herts, 

LITTLEBURY. 

2148. A. DELTOIDEA Bab. Little Buddow, S. Essex; Beaumont 

cum Moze, N. Essex, BROWN; Pembrey, Carmarthen, HAMER. 

t2153 (10). AXYRIS llMARANTOIDES L. Thetford, W. Suffolk, 

A. B. COBBE. 

2168. SALSOLA KALI L., var. TENUIFOLIA Reichb. Thetford 

Camp, W .. Suffolk, M. COBBE, teste THELLUNG, the same as my 

Southwick, Sussex, plant. 

t2170. POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS L. Kirkwall, Orkney, DRuoE. 

2176. P. TOMENTOSUM Schrank. (MACULATUM). Leith, Midlothian, 

FRASER.


*2182. P. RAIl Bab. St Aubin's, Jersey, DRUCE; Carmarthen, 

HAMER. 

2184. P. AVICULAREL., var. RURIVAGUM (Jord.). = ANGUSTI- 

FOLIUM Gray which preserves the older trivial. Slapton, Devon, 

DRUOE; Saintfield, Co. Down, W ADDELL. 

2184. P. HETEROPHYLLUM Lindm. Rozel, Jersey; Kirkwall, 

Orkney; Scalloway, Balta, Shetland, DRuoE. 

*2184 (2). P. CALCATUM Lindm. Bradford, York, CRYER. Reduced 

to a sub~species by Dr Thellung. 

t2191. P CUSPIDATUM S. & Z. Cwymtrvch Cwmtwroh, Carmarthen, 

WEBB; Crawley, SUl38ex, GRAVESON. 

t2191 (2). P. SACHALINENSE Schmidt. Wye side, Chepstow, 

Monmouth, SHOOLBRED, in litt. 

*2195. RUMEX HYDROLAPATHEUM Huds. Exeter Canal, Devon, 

D'URBAN; between Mathern and St Pilore, Monmouth, Fl. Chep~ 

stow. 

2196. x R. CONSPERSUS Hartm. Hitchin, Herts, LITTLE, 

adventive. The plant needs further study. A closely allied plant 

occurs in Essex. 

t2201. R. SANGUlNEUS L. Near cottages, Mounton, Monmouth, 

Fl. Chepstow. 

*2205. R. PULCHER L. Castle Dell, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

_i--. __ ~!06._ ... ~:._BMo,~!!~ .... !g~.gl: .. _.~!~ck.~~!!-.J_~e~~.,- Miss G. BAooN ; .. 

. " Rondham, Norfolk, M. COBBE. 

t2210 (3).. R. DENTATUS L. Glasgow, GRIERSON. Det. TURRILL. 

t2210 (4). R. SALIOIFOLIUS Weinm. Hertford, GRAVE SON ; 

Glasgow, GRIERSON. 

t2229. EUPHORBIA ESULA L. Dagenham, Essex, L. B. HALL.


t*2229 (2). E. VIRGATA W. & K. Left bank of Tyne, Haddington, 

1913, FRASER. In Balfour's Flora of Edinburrgh, 1863, E. 

Esula is mentioned for Haddington. This, too, may be virgata. 

Caversham, Oxon, MURRAY; Melksham, Wilts, T. H. GREEN; W oldingham, 

Epsom Downs, Surrey, BRITTON. 

t2237. E. LATHYRUS L. Felixstowe, E. Suffolk, abundant, A. 

B. COBBE; *native in wood, Great Dinham, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

2243. MERCURIALIS ANNUA L., var. AMBIGUA (L.). St Aubin's, 

Jersey, DRUCE. 

2246 (2). ULMUS PLOTII Druce. Wardingwn, Oxon; near 

Southam, Warwick; Morgans Walk, Hertford, 1847, ANSELL. 

*2254. MYRICA GALE L. Cwmddsudwr Hilld, Brecon, WEBB. 

*2262. QUERCUS SESSILIFLORA Salisb. Jersey, probably planted, 

DRUCE. 

t2265 (2). JUGLANS REGIA L. Seedlings, 1 bird-sown, Royston, 

and springs, Hitchin, Herts, LITTLE. 

*2271. SAL IX PURPUREA L. Portskewett, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

x S. RUBRA Huds. *River bank between Brockweir and 

Bigsweir, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

2276. S. AURITA x CAPREA = S. CAPREOLA Kern. Twinstead, 

N. Essex, DRucE. 

2296. CERATOPHTLLUM SUBMERSUM L. 

BROWN. 

St Osyth, 

N. Essex, 

*2299. HYDROCHARIS MORSUS-RANAE L. 

1911, ATTENBOROUGH. 

St Brelade's, Jersey, 

*2303. CORALLORRHIZA TRIFIDA Chat. In a damp wood near 

Braithwaite, Cumberland, POSTGATE, ex STANSFIELD. . 

2306. LISTERA CORDATA Br. See Rep. B.E.C. 680, 1918. The

148 NEW C.oUNTY AND .oTHER REC.oRDS. 

locality, Maentwrog, Merioneth, J.oNES, belongs to this species, not 

N eottia, an error in transcribing. 

2313. CEPHALANTHERA DAMAS.oNIUM Druce. Highnam, W. 

Gloster, GAlMBIER-P ARRy. 

2314. C. L.oNGIFOLIA Fritsch. Arthog, WILLIAYS; above Harlech, 

Merioneth, J .oNES. 

2315. HELLEBORINE PALUSTRIS Sch,rank. Eight miles beyond 

Sidmouth, S. Devon, Rev. Dr WAY. 

2316. H. LATIF.oLIA Druce. Near Buchanan Castle, Stirling, . 

Hon. Mrs BARING; Dolgelley, Merioneth, J.oNES. 

o 

2318. H. PURPURATA Druce. Camp den Wood, Gloster, Earl of 

GAINSB.oR.oUGH & H.oRW.o.oD. 

2326. ORCHIS INCARNATA L., var. DUNENSIS Druce. Llangenneth 

Burrows, Gower, Glamorgan, L. G. PAYNE; Braunton Burrows, 

N. Devon, MORRIS. Piquet'sJersey plant is O. praetermissa and 

his latifolia from Port Marquet is probably a hybrid of praetermissa 

with maculata. 

2326 (2). O. PRAETERMISSA Druce. Selham, Sussex, BURDON, 

DRUCE & LACAITA; Chard, N. Somerset, Miss TODD; Wbittington, 

Gloucester, CARLET.oN REA; Sherwood, Newton St Cyres, S. Devon, 

D'URBAN. 

2327. O. MACULATA L., var. MACR.oGL.oSSA Druce. Middlewick, 

Colchester, BR.oWN. 

2.'327 (2). O. FUCHSII Druce. Selham, Sussex; Wytham, Berks, 

DRUCE; Bleak Hill, Woodbury Common,S. Devon, D'URBAN. Large 

specimens, which are often mis-labelled latifolia, have been sent to 

the Club this year. ALBAN V OIGT sends a red-flowered form from 

the Canton Ticino, Switzerland. 

2331. O. HIRCINA Crantz. Several plants on the Quenvais in 

Mr Attenborough's locality; one plant near Goodwood, Sussex; *a


solitary specimen in a field about two miles from Headington, Oxon, 

July 1920, T. J. WALL. Mr H. Balfour has cultivated hircina for 

the past 12 years at HeadingtoIi from tubers brought from France. 

One year a specimen was over a yard high. I conjecture that the 

seeds may have blown to Headington-a favourable locality. This 

. may also be the explanation of the other sporadic occurrences in 

England. 

2334. OPHRYS SPHEGODES Mill. Near Stanton St John, Oxon, 

CHAMPION. It was found there about a. century ago. On the 

Quenvais, Jersey, DRUCE. 

2335. O. TRoLLII Heg. Near Hardwicke, Oxon, Lady ROSE. 

*2338. HABENARIA GYMNADENIA Druce (CONOPSEA). Hoyle's 

Wood, Pembroke, ARNETT. 

2339. H. ALBIDA Br. . Arthog, Merioneth, WILLIAMS; Harlech, 

Merioneth, J ONES; south side of Ballybory Lough, Louth, BRUNKER, 

in irifSh Nat. 98, 1919. 

2340.' H. VIRIDIS Br., var. BRACTEATA A. Gray. Brickendon. 

Herts, 1847, ANSELL; Barpham Downs, W. Sussex, BURDON. *Var. 

OVATA Druce. Baltasound, Dnst, Shetland; Standing Stones of 

Stenness, Orkney, DRUCE. 

2343. H. BIFOLIA Br., var. vel lusus ECALCARATA Druce. Perridge, 

near Exeter, Rev. Dr WAY. 

t2355. CROCUS VERNUS Mill. (AUREUS). Frithville, Lincoln, 

REDimovE. 

t2360. SISYRINCHIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mill. Portmadoc Docks, 

Carnarvon, ex JONES; Hamworthy, Dorset, GODDARD, in litt. 

t2361 (2). S. CHILENSE Hook. 

ford, W. Suffolk, A .. B. COBBE. 

A solitary specimen at Thett2372. 

NARCISSUS BIFLORUS Curt. St Peter's Parish, Jersey, 

DRUCE.


2382. Ruscus ACULEATUS L. Harlech, Merioneth, adventive, 

JONES; *between the Cwm and Bicca CO:rnrrion, Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

2385. POLYGONATUM MULTIFLORUM All. Wood near Box Hill, 

Surrey, L. G. PAYNE. 

t2386. P. ODORATUM Druce (OFFICINALE). Panshanger Park, 

Herts, 1847, scarcely wild, A.NSELL. 

t2390. ASPHODELUS FISTuLOSUS L. Waste ground, St J,eonard',s 

Sussex, Rev.1\... G. GREGOR. 

t2399. ALLIUM ROSEUM L. 

wall, Miss VIVIAN. 

Near Bosahan, St Martin's, Cornt2401. 

A. TRIQUETRUM L. Dartmouth, S. Devon, MILNE. 

2403. A. OLERACEUM L. Whempstead, Herts, GRAVESON. 

2409. SCILLA VERNA Huds. Abundant at Balta, Unst, DRUCE. 

With white flowers at Merthyr Mawr, Glamorgan, WEBB = sub-var. 

ALBIFLORA. 

2411. S. HISPANICA Mill. Meadow near Beaminster, Dorset, 

GRAVESON; said to grow between Perranporth and Truro, Cornwall; 

Watford, Herts; Northolt, Middlesex, BRITTON, in Journ. Bot. 227, 

1920. 

2416. LILIUM MARTAGON L. In woods on both sides of the Wye 

Valley, *Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

2420. GAGEA LUTEA Ker-Gawl. Abundant in a new locality 

near Beckley, Oxon, DRUCE; near Croxden, Staffs, E.' DEACON. 

2429. JDNCUS EFFUSUS L., var. SPIRALIS McNab. Ronas Voe, 

Shetland; Stromness, Orkney, DRUCE. 

2437. J. BULBOSUS L., va,r. KOCHII (Schultz) Druce; Selham, 

Sussex, DRUCE.


t2441. J. TENUIS Willd. SandhiIls, Caistor-on-Sea, E. Norfolk, 

M. COBBE. 

2442. J. BUFONIUS L., near var. GIGANTEUS A. & G. Newport, 

. Countess Wear, S. Devon, D'URBAN. 

*2452. JUNCOIDES PILOSA Morong ~ x BORRERI (Bromf.). 

Piddleswood, Sturminster Newton, Dorset, with Forsteri, GRAVE SON. 

2453. J. FORsTERI Druce. St Aubin's, Jersey, DRucE. 

*2477. ECHINODORUS RANUNCULOIDES Engelm. Aberlady, Haddingt.on, 

BELL, in Db. Druce. 

*2479. SAGITTARIA SAGITTIFOLIA L. Reens, Monmouth, Fl. 

Chepstow. 

*2489. POTAMOGETON ALPlNUS Balb. .x GRAMINEUS P. 

NERICUS Hag;str. River Don, at Alford, N. Aberdeen, 1919, DRucE 

& Mrs WEDGWOOD. 

2493. P. GRAMINEUS L., *var. LACUSTRIS. Fr. Tingwall, Shetland, 

DRucE. 

2495 .. P. NITENS Web. Bardister Loch, Tingwall, Shetland, 

DRU9E. *Var. SUB INTERMEDIUS Hagstr. Stenness, Orkney, DRUOE. 

2498. P. LUCENS L., *f. OVATIFOLIUS M. & K. Teviot, below 

Roxburgh, MATTHEWS; Clattercut, Oxford, 1885, DRucE. 

2501. P. PRAELONGUS Wulf .. Bardister, Asta, Tingwall, Shetland, 

DRUOE. 

2502. P. PERFOLIATUS L., var. RICHARDSONII. See lourn. Bot. 

25, 1889. This is an error as Richardsonii does not occur in Europe . 

. The plant is var. GRACILIS Ch. & SOO1., f. LANCEOLATUS, teste 

Hag;strom. *Var. ov ATIFOLIUS Wallr. Stream, west side of Kew 

Gardens, Surrey; Odiham, N. Hant6; River Bann . and Lough 

Maglo, Antrim; Killarney, Kerry; Looh Leven, Kinross, etc., 

DRUCE.


*2503. P. ORISPUS X MUORONATUS= xP. LINTONI Fryer. In considerable 

quantity in the cana,l near Liohfield, Stafford, growing 

with smaH numbers of P. cri.spws and P. mucronatWs (Friesii), but 

of a different facies from fue Chesterfield plant. It is rather remarkable 

that the two localities for the hybrid should be in canals 

with a large quantity of suspended matter in the water and frequently 

disturbed by canal-boat traffic. Can the resisting power 

against foreign pollen be reduced in these conditions ~ The cross 

once made seemS to have, as in {)ther species, great. vegeta,tive 

luxuriance so that individually in this area they number twenty to 

one of the parents. Sir ROGER CURTIS was with me when it was observed, 

DRUOE. 

2508. P. PUSILLUS L. Bardister, Asta, Tingwall, Shetland, 

I DRUOE. * P. FRANOONIOUS Fisch. = P. PUSILLUS X TRIOHOIDES. 

\ Marsden, W. Kent, as Berchtoldi, MARSHALL; therefore Berchtoldi 

may be deleted from the British List. Bressingdon, E. Suffolk, 

1883.; Mason's Drain, Peterborough, Northants, 1909; Marsh Gibbon, 

Buckfl, DRUOE; Whitewater, N. Hants, Miss P ALMER. 

2508 (2). P. PANORMITANUS Biv. *Hedgecourt Mill Pond, 

Surrey, Mrs WEDGWOOD. Var. MINOR Hagstr. Southill Park, 

Beds, LITTLE; *Kirbister Loch, Orkney, DRUOE. Johnston's plant, 

named pusillus, is this also. *P. TRINERVIUS Fisch. = P. PANORMI 

'rA,,-rus x TRIOHOIDES. Pond, near Aberarth, Cardigan [2278J, 

MARs~ALJ,; *Swainsthorpe, Norfolk, DRUOE. *P. DUALIS Hagstr. 

= P. PANORMITANUS x PUSIL;Lus. Wytham, Berks, DRUOE. My 

specimen from Wolverton, E. Norfolk, 1884, was the first correctly 

identified as panormitanu8 in Britain. I compared it with Italian 

speCImens. 

*2508 (3). P. RUTlLUS Wolfg. Bardister, Tingwall, Asta 

Lochs, Shetland, DRUOE. New to Scotland, unless indeed Bennett's 

P. pusillu8, var. rigidus is the same thing. 

*2508 (4). 

1900, DRUCE. 

mitanus. 

P. STT}RROOKII Benn. Canal near Stroud, Gloster, 

Hagstrom considers this to be obtusifoliu8 x panor-


*2517. ZANNICHELLIA PALUSTRIS L. Near Tuthill, W. Gloster, 

Fl. Chepstow. 

*2517. Z. REPENS Boenn. To _ this Dr Ostenfeld refers my 

specimen from Swanbister, Orkney, a locality whence Dr Boswell 

Syme distributed Z. polycarpa, var. tenuissima Fr., DRUCE. 

*2518. Z. MARITIMA Nolte. Beachley, W. Gloster, Fl. Chepstow. 

*2518 (2). Z. GIBBEROSA. St Briavel's, W. Gloster, Bb. Bailey . 

. t2527 (3). CYPERUS DECLINATUS Moench. Bradford, 1919, 

CRYER. 

2529. ELEOCHARIS UNIGLUMIS Schultes. Swansea Bay, Glamorgan, 

RIDDELSDELL, in lourn. Bot. 113, 1920. 

2530. E. MULTICAULIS Sm. A viviparous form, side of Coniston, 

Lake Lancs, 1919, PEARSALL; *Carmarthen Van, Brecon, 

WEBB. 

.... 

*2531. E. ACICUI,ARIS Br. Bouley Bay, Jersey, 1851, PIQUET. ' 

This confirms La Gasca's record.- 

*2535. SCIRPUS TABERNAEMONTANI GmeL Roggiett, Monmouth, 

Fl. Chepstow; near Worcester, 1854, GISSING. 

2539. S. PAUCIFLORUS Lightf. Above Dolphinton, Peeb'les, 

1919, TEMPLEMAN; plentiful at Baltasound, Unst, DRUCE. 

2542. S. SETACEUS L. At Woking, Surrey, with Lady Davy, in 

1918, a form was noticed in which the spikelets were pedicellate, but 

it is, as Dr Ostenfeld thinks, only an old state, the bracts and nuts 

having dropped, DRUCE. 

2544. S. FLUITANS L. In the moat of the Standing Stones. 


2546. S. RUFUS Schrad. Waulkmill Bay, Orkney, with the 80- 

called ,variety, BIFOLIUS, DRUCE.

154 NEW COUNT:£". AND OTHER RECORDS. 

*2547. ERIOPHORUM PANICULATUM Druce. Llandrindod, Radnor, 

Miss TODD. Earliest evidence for Worcester, Wyre Forest, 1854, 

GISSING. 

2553. RYNCHOSPORA ALBA Vahl, forma SORDIDA. Coniston, 

Lake Lancs, PEARSALL. 

2556. CLADIUM MARHlcus Br. Rudley, S. Hants, the third 

locality in Hants, Miss BUTLER and DRUCE; Glamorgan, WEBB. In 

1846 a fenman, John Denton, writing to Mr George Wolsey, said he 

ought to have 5s for what he sent, although no large quantity. He 

goes on to say that if he receives nothing he will not mind but gives 

as a reason for his making the request that the Cladium and Sedges 

at one time so abounded that they were regularly mown as a crop, 

bound into sheaves, and sold in CSambridge for lighting fires and 

sold elsewhere in the county for thatching rough timber buildings. 

The trade in them was great. They were also used for heating ovens 

in villages. . .. The result of this and draining much diminished 

the CZadium so that instead of going out and gathering an armful 

" in an hour or two . . . it took a six mile walk to obtain the specimens 

sent. The farm folk call the Cladium, Mother Sedge. The 

plants came from Waterbeech, Cambridge, Hb. AnselZ. 

*2559. CARE X RIPAR,IA Curtis. Gors Llwyn, Brecon, WEBB; 

Llynfelin, Cardigan, DRucE. 

2560. C. ACUTIFORMIS Ehrh. Gors Llwyn, Brecon, WEBB. 

x RIP ARIA. Old brick pit, Sandhurst, Glostter, gathered by Miss 

TODD. I suggest this hybrid, the plant being sterile. 

*2561. x C. CSOMADENSIS Simonk. Some plani;g in Ansell's 

Herba.rium, 1846, labelled C. vesicaria, from Frank's field, Brickendon, 

Herts, are undoubtedly this rare hybrid. 

*2565. C. LASIOCARPA Ehrh. Lasynys Bog, Harlech, JONES. 

*2567. C. PENDULA Huds. Woods of the Upper Medd, Brecon. 

WEBB. 

2570: C. HELODES Link. Selham, SUflseX, DRUCE.


2572 (2). C. SADLERI Linton. Corrie above Beadheag, Glen 

Lyon, M. Perth, FOGGITT. 

2575. C. FULVA Good. Darkadale, Hoy, Orkney, DRUCE. 

2576. C. FLAVA L., var. OEDOOARPA Anden!. Balt:a, Walls, 

Loch of Fleet, Tingwall, Shetland; Hoy, etc., Orkney, DRUCE. 

2576. C. FLAVA X LEPIDOCARPA. With both parents at Darkadale, 

Orkney; Tingwall, Shetland, DRUCE. 

2576. C. FLAVA X FULVA. Sawbridgeworth and Ashwell, 

Herts, as fUlva, 1846, Hb. Ansell; a small form, Cannock Chase, 

Stafford; Moss of Darkadale, Orkney (perhaps lepidocarpa x fUlva), 

DRUCE. 

2577. C. OEDERI Retz. Harlech, MERIONETH; Kirbister, 

Orkney, DRUOE. 

2578. C. EXTENSA Good. Near Kirbister, Orkney, DRUOE. 

*2585. C. MONTANA L. Parkga;te Forest, Isle of Wight, DRUOE. 

In company witlb. Sir J AYES and Lady DOUIE I noticed this sedge 

in the spring of 1920, having just before predicted it as a 

likely plant to occur. Reference to Top. Bot. shows that it is new 

to the Island Flora, DRUCE. 

2586. C. TOMENTOSA L. BaJ"nsley, in still another locality 

near Cirencest-er, Gloater, GREENWOOD. 

2589. C. PALLESCENS L. Marsh at La Motte, Jersey, 1851, 

PIQUET. This is not inserted in the body of the Flora of Jersey. 

2591. C. PANICEA L. Exceptionally large specimens with 

spikelets two inches long, Thetford, W. Suffolk, Miss COBBE. 

2593. C. LIMOSA L. Near Dumfries, J. CRUICKSHANK, 1839, ex 

Hb. J. Backhouse, a much earlier record than that given in the Fl. 

Dumfries. Moss of Darkadale, Orkney, BU!tDON, JOHNSTO:N &; 

DRUCE.

156, "NEW COUNTY AND OTHER RECORDS. 

2599. C. SALINA Wahl., var. KATTEGATENSIS (Fr.). In splendid 

condition by the Wick river, Caithness, about two miles above 

the town, growing with C. aquatilis (some specimens of which were 

four feet high) and hybridising with it, DRUCE. 

2604. C. GOODENOWII Gay, var. RECTA A. & G. Near Hertford, 

1846, ANSELL. Var. CHLOROCARPA A. & G. Tingwall, Burrafirth, 

Shetland; Kirbister, Orkney, DRUCE. 

2613. C. VULPINA L., var. NEMOROSA Lej. Beaminster, Dorset, 

GRAVESQN'- 

2615. C. PAIRAEI F. Schultz. W. Sussex, DRucE; Sandyford, 

Dublin, STELFOX. 

2617. C. PANICULATA L. X VUL~INA = X *BOENNINGHAUSIANA 

Weihe. Penzance, Cornwall, 1878, CURNOW, in Hb. Piquet; Bayswater, 

Oxford, DRUCE; Park Wood, Bramfield, Herts, GRAVESON. 

2619. C. DIANDRA Schrank. Found by the Rev. R. J. BURDON 

with Col. JOHNSTON and myself in the Moss of Darkadale, Orkney. 

It is not given in Fl. Orcadensis but we subsequently learned that it 

had been previously found by Mr Scarth. 

*2623. C. DIVISA Huds. Damp pasture, Woburn Park, Beds, 

JACKSON, in Journ. Bot. 91, 1920. 

2625. C. INCURVA Lightf. Longniddry, Haddington, earliest 

evidence, 1858, BELL, in Hb. Druce. 

2627. C. PAUCIFLORA Lightf. Eskdale, Cumberland, R. H. 

WILLIAMSON. Only one previously recorded locali~ in that county 

and that twenty miles away from the present record. 

t2630. SETARIA VIRIDIS Beauv. Aldeburgh, E. Suffolk, A. B. 

COBBE; Beaminster, Dor,set, GRAVESON. 

t2631. S. GLAUpA Beauv. Aldeburgh, E. Suffolk, A. B. COBBE; 

Ide, Devon, Miss TODD; Beaminster, Dorset, GRAVESON.

NEW COUN1'Y AND OTHER RECORDS. 157 

2635. PANICUM ISCHAEMUM Schreber. Mullion, Cornwall, 

TRESIDDER. 

t2654. PHALARIS PARADOXA L. Pax, Cornwall, MEDLIN; 

way tip, Malvern, Worcester, TOWNDROW; on dredged mud, 

ford, with P. minor, GRAVE SON. 

rail 

Hert- 

2655. P. ARUNDINACEA L., tva.r. PICTA L . By the Mailand 

. Burn, and ail Ba.lta,sound, Dnst, DRUCE. 

*2674. PHLEUM ALPlNUM L. On the e·ast face of Helvellyn, West. 

morla.nd, GILBERT ADAIR. 

t2679. P. GRAECUM B. & K 

GRAVE SON. 

On dredged mud, Hertford, 

t2680. P. PANICULATUM Huds. Eastham churchyard, Cheshire, 

1842, H. SHEPHERD. Not mentioned in the Flora. 

2683. AGROSTIS VERTICII,LATA Vill. Ml's Wedgwood gathered 

it at St Sampson, Guernsey, in the .summer. We had previously 

seen the foliage in April. Piquet's Jersey verticillata is Agrostis 

alba, var. He says it, is plentiful on the north coast, but a.t present 

vertic£llata has obta,ined no hold in Jersey. 

2684. A. ALBA L., va.r. STOLONIFERA (L.) Blytt. Nevin, Carnarvon, 

Miss COBBE. Var. COARCTATA Hack. Hoy, Orkney; Lerwick, 

Shet.land, DRucE. Var. MAJOR Gaud. Samares Miles, Jersey, 

1865, as Milium eff1bsum. The latte,r should be deleted from 

the Jersey Flora. Wa:t.ton, Caithness, DRucE. 

2685. A. TENUIS Sibth., var. PUMILA (L.). Balta, etc., Ronas 

Voe, Shetland; Stenness, Hoy, Orkney, DRUCE. . Var. ARISTATA. 

Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, L. B. HALL. 

2690. POLYPOGON MONSPELIENSE L. Bowling Distillery, Glasgow, 

GRIERSON. 

2693. CALAMAGROSTIS EPIGEIOS Roth. *Glen More, Easterness, 

over 900 ft., a considerable extension of its range, Mrs WEDGWOOD 

and DRucE; Limeslade, Glamorgan, WEBB.


2706. AIRA CARYOPHYLLEA L. Hoy, Darkadale, Finstown, 

Orkney, DRUCE & JOHNSTON. 

2711. DESCHAMPSIA SETACEA Hack. Near W oking, Surrey, 

Lady DAVY. 

2717. AVENA FATUA L., var. HYBRIDA (Peterm.) Asch. Chichester, 

W. Sussex, DRUCE. 

t2719. A. STRIGOSA Schreb. Trinity, Jersey, 1905, PIQUET. 

2722. A. PUBESCENS Huds. Darkadale, Orkney, DRUCE. 

2725. ARRHENATHERUM TUBEROSUM (Gilib.) Druce. Baltasound, 

Unst, Ronas V oe, Shetland; Kirkwall, Orkney,· DRUCE; *Portskewett, 

Monmouth, Fl. Chepstow. 

t2726. GAUDINIA FRAGILIS Beauv. Ryde, Isle of Wight, H. H. 

KNIGHT; Glasgow, GRIERSON; Pyrford, Surrey, Lady DAVY. 

t2737. CYNOSURUS ECHINATUS L. Thetford . Heath , Warren 

Heath, Ipswich, Suffolk, M. COBBE; Dray ton, Middlesex, DYMES; on 

mud from river, Hertford, GRAVESON. 

2738. C. CRISTATUS L. A viviparous and panicled form at 

Newport, Countess Wear, Devon, D'URBAN. 

*2746. CATABROSA AQUATICA Beauv. Moors, Monmouth, Fl. 

Ghepstow. 

t2755. BRIZA MAXIMA L. Glasgow, a small spikeletted form, 

GRIERSON. 

t2757. B. MINOR L. Bootle, Liverpool, 1817, H. SHEPHERD. 

2759. POA PRATENSIS L., var. LATIFOI,IA Weihe. A large spikeletted 

form at Bettyhill, W. Sutherland; Dornoch, E. Sutherland; 

Clova, Forfar; Hambledon, Bucks. Var.sUBcAERULEA (Sm.). 

Shell sand, John 0' Groats, Caithness; Balta,· Unst, Shetland, 

DRUCE.


*2759 (2). P: IRRIGATA Lindm. Ballater, S. Aberdeen, with 

shorter and broader glumes, near sylvestris Lindm., DRUCE. 

t2760. P. PALUSTRIS L. Near Salisbury, Wilts, GODDARD. 

2762. P. NEMORALIS L. Bagley Wood, Berks. See Rep. 

B.B.C. 531, 1918. This eximious form comes nearest to var. 

Reichenbachii (A. (\>; G.), teste Lindman. DRUCE. 

2765. P. COMPRERSA L. On a wall near Dublin, STELFOX, m 

Irish Nat. 1920. 

2772. GLYCERIA FLUITANS Br., var. TRITICEA Lange. Claxton. 

E. Norfolk, BROWN; near Tongue, W. Sutherland; Ronas Voe, Shetland, 

DRUCE. x PLICA'!'A. Alphamstone, N. Essex, BROWN. 

*2773. G. PLICATA Fr. Samares, JerlSey, PIQUET. 

2776. G. MARITIMA Wahl., *var. DISTANTIFORMIS Druce. Kirkwall, 


2776. G. MARITIMA X DISTANS. Chichester, W. Sussex, DRucE. 

*2778. G. PROCUMBENS Dmn. Marais a la Cogne, Jersey, 1876, 

PIQUET. 

2782. X FESTUCA ADSCENDENS Retz. Beaminster, Dorset; Askham 

Bog, York, GRAVE SON. 

2785. F. RUBRA L. Burrafirth, etc., Shetland; Kirkwall, 

Orkney, DRUCE. 

2787. F. OVINA L., var. FIRMULA (Hackel). Plemont, Jersey, 

DRUCE. 

2787 (2). F. TENUIFOLIA Sibth. Moor in Staffordshire, Sir R. 

CURTIS &; DRUCE. 

t2794. BROMUS RIGENS L. Hayling Camp, Norfolk, A. B. 

GOBBE; Ware, Hertford, GRAVE SON ; Daglingworth, Gloster, GREEN 

WOOD.

160 NEW COUN'rY AND OTHER RECORDS. 

t2797. B. TECTORUM L. St Ouen's, Jersey, 1900, PIQUET. 

t2798. B. MADRITENSIS L. Glasgow, GRIERSON; St Anne's Port, 

Jersey (the type), Hb. Piquet. 

t2803. B. UNIOLOIDES H. B. K. Thetford Heath, W. Suffolk; 

Thetford Bridge, W.Norfolk, A. B. COBBE. 

t2806. B. SECALlNUS L. A pretty form with short, few-flowered 

spikelets, Chichester:, Sussex, DRUCE. 

2809. B. ARVENSIS L. Rondham, Norfolk, A. B. COB BE ; Grouville, 

Jersey, 1856, as erectus, PIQUET. 

t2812. B. INTERRUPTUS Druce. Rendcombe Aerodrome, Gloster, 

GREENWOOD. 

*2819. BRACHYPODIUM PINNATUM Beauv. Portumna, Galway; 

Curragh, Dublin, PHILLIPS, in Irish Nat. 1920. 

t2821. LOLIUM TEMULENTUM L. 

stowe, E. Suffolk, A. B. COBBE. 

Thetford, W. Norfolk; Felixt2823. 

L. MULTIFLORUM Lam. (sub-sp. BOUCHEANUM), var. COM 

POSITUM (Thuill.). 

Very luxuriant specimens in a field at Pyrford, 

Surrey, Lady DAVY & DRUCE. 

2827. AGROPYRON JUNCEUM Beauv. Birsay, Orkney, DRUCE. 

2827. A. JUNCEUM X REPENS = x A. HACKELII Druce. St 

Clement's Bay, Jersey, 1851, as junceum, PIQUET. 

*2828. A. PUNGENS R. & S. Near Chep stow , Monmouth, Fl. 

Chepstow. 

2830. .A. REPENsBeauv., var. TRICHORACHIS Rohl. Near 

Hitchin, Herts, LITTLE. Var. GLAD-CUM Doell. Jersey, as litorale, 

PrQUET. 

t2842. TRITICUM CYLINDRICUM C. P. G. Brislington Tips, N. 

Somerset, 1921, Miss ROPER.


t2845. LEPTURUS FILIFORMIS Trin. In the Churchyard of Stansfield, 

W. Suffolk, two plants only. Unusual in an inland situation, 

LITTLE. 

t2850. HORDEUM MARINUM Huds. Woodside, Cheshire, 1818, 

H. SHEPHERD. Doubtless alien. 

t2850 (2). H. VIOLACEUM Boiss. & Hohen. Hayling Islud, S. 

Hants, Miss HILLARD. 

t2851. H. JUBATUM L. Hayling Island, S. Hants, Miss HILLAItD; 

Ware, Herts, GRAVESON. 

2858. ELYMUS ARENARIUS L. On the shores of the tempestuous 

Burrafirth, Unst, plants were growing on a detached rock, 30-40 

feet above sea-level, DRUCE; *St Aubin's, Jersey, 1911, PIQUET. 

Probably planted. 

2867. X EQUISETUM LITORALE Kuhl. In abundance on the 

canal side near Woking, Surrey, Lady DAVY, an excellent discovery. 

The Rev. E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock says he found ZitoraZe x arvense 

at Rolton-Ie-Moor and E. fluviatile x arvense in an estuarine ditch 

at Barton and in a sandy clay-pit (Kimmeridge Clay) at Rolton, 

Lincoln. On the edge of the railway near Ballymena, Co. Antrim, 

PRAEGER, in Irish Nat. 1920. 

2868. E. SYLVATICUM L., var. CAPILLARE Hoffm. Wilton Brails 

Wood, N. Wilts, HURST. 

2877. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS L. Morecombe Bay, about 

20 years since, STANSFIELD. 

2881. ASpr,ENIUM TRICHOM~ES L·.,var. FUROATUM.· Panshanger 

garden wall, Herts, and A. foliis eleganter incisis (Dill.), Rant 

Clough, near Burnley, Lancs., Hb. Ansell. 

*2887. A. GERMANICUM Weiss. Near Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland, 

STANSFIELD; Iona,. Miss GODMAN. This may possibly be 

the pseudo-gerrnanicurn of Ruta-rnuraria. I have not seen a'specimen . 

.. .. _~ _______ .-J


2892. POLYSTICHUM SETIFERUM Woyn., var. MULTIFIDUM. St 

Saviour, lersey, PIQUET. 

2893. P. LOBATUM Huds., var. LONCHITIOIDES. Einon Gon Fall, 

Brecon, BLACKBURN. 

2894. P. LONCHITIS Roth. Still at Blaenau, Merioneth, JONES. 

*2903. DRYOPTERIS THELYPTERIS Underw. South side of Ballymoney 

Lough, Louth, BRUNKER. 

2904. CYSTOPTERIS MONTANA Desv. In Journ. Bot. 24, 1920, 

Mr C. E. Salmon draws attention to a record of the plant from 

Benrinnes, Banff, in Smiles' Life of Thomas Edward, and says that 

he is unable to find it in Top. Bot.; but Watson states that Roy says 

the B'anffshire record was an error. Does Roy here refer to 'Edward's 

statementZ 

2919. BOTRYCHIUM LUNARIA Sw. Balta, Burrafirth, Shetland; 


2920. OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM L. Summer Isles, W. Ross, 

Miss BUXTON. Unfortunately the specimen was not preserved, so 

one is unable to say if type or var. polyphyllum Braun was found. 

The variety is at Morfa, Harlech, where Mr D. A. Jones kindly 

showed it to me. 

*2929. LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM L. Brecon Beacons, etc., WEBB. 

2930. L. INUNDATUM L. Cwm Bychan, Merioneth, JONES. Previously 

found by W. PAMPLIN. 

2931. L. SELAGO L. The earliest evidence for Fife is at Saline, 

1857, BELL, in Hb. Druce. Spontaneously in the garden at Bar Hill, 

Madeley, Stafford, DALTRY. Mr Daltry had previously collected the 

plant in Wales and he suggests that the seedlings may have come from 

spores brought home inadvertently. 

2934. NITELLA OPACA Ag. As an extraordinarily robust plant, 

Ti~gwan, Asta and Bardister Lochs, Shetland, DRUCE.

BRITISH FORMS OF CENTAUREA JACEA L. 163 

"'2941- (2). TOLYPELLA NIDIFICA Leonh. In some quantity and 

over a considerable area of the Loch of Stenness, Orkney. Found 

in company of Prebe~dary Burdon, Col. H. H. J ohnston and T. 

Churchill in August 1920. An interesting extension of its range 

and a new piant to Britain. Its previous British history rested on 

a too advanced specimen found in 1896 by the Rev. E. S. Marshall 

in a lagoon north of Wexford Harbour. His specimen was too imperfect 

to be figured. 

*2944. T. INTRICATA Braun. Brickhill, Bucks, DRucE. 

*2948. CHARA CANESCENS Lois. Loch of Stenness, Orkney, 1920, 

DRUCE. New to Scotland. 

*2950. C. CONTRARIA Braun, forma. Lough Mullaghderg, 

Donegal, BULLOCK-WEBSTER, in Irish Nat. 1920. 

2955. C. ASPERA Willd. Kirbister, Orkney; Loch Leven, Kinross, 

DRUCE. 

2955 (2). C. DESMACANTHA Groves. Asta Loch, Loch of Fleet, 

Bardister, Tingwall, Shetland; Kirbister, Loch of Harray, Stenness, 


2958. C. DELICATULA Braun. Strathpeffer, E. Ross; Tingwall, 

Bardister, Shetland, DRucE. 

BRITISH FORMS OF CENTAUREA JACEA L. 

By C. E. BRITTON. 

The early notices of Gentaurea Jacea that appear in our floras record 

it as occurring in England and the north of Ireland at solitary 

localities, in which it curiously appears not to have been found by 

later observers. As to the Irish record, I have been so fortunate as 

to interest in the matter Miss M. C. Knowles, of the Botanical Department, 

National Museum, Dublin, who has, on my behalf, kindly

164 BRITISH FORMS OF CENTAUREA JACEA L. 

examined the C entaurea specimens contained in the large Irish herbarium 

of the institution with which she is connected, without finding 

any Irish-gathered specimen of C. Jacea. Miss Knowles has also been 

unsuccessful in searching for a reliable record of the species occurrence 

in Ireland. It does not find a place in the II and List of Irish 

Flowering Plants and Ferns, 1913, which includes alien and casual 

plants, and no recent notice of the plant's occurrence in Ireland is 

known. The records mentioned in Cyb~le Hibernica, 1866, are referred 

to C. nig1'a, var. 1'adiata, and concerning the Kerry record of 

the Flora Hibernica, 1836, Mr Reginald Scully in his Flora of County 

Ke1'ry, 1916, is of opinion that the radiant form of C. nigra was the 

plant observed. For the foregoing I am indebted to my correspondent, 

who also directs my at,tention to the notice of C. 

Jacea in the Flora of the North-East of I1'ela,nd by Messrs 

S. A. Stewa,it and T. H. Corry, 1888, p. 295: "C. Jacea 

L. - In a field near Drumbridge; Templeton. Gravelly 

bank at Enagh Lough (Moore); Flor. Hib. Templeton's plant, which 

has been quoted in Flora Hibernica, Flora Belfastiensis, and Flora 

of Ulster, was probably the form C. nig1'a with large ray-flowers. Dr 

Moore corrected the name of his Deny plant and placed it as a variety 

under C. nigra." Rather strangely, the authors of the Flora of the 

North-East of Irela.nd appear to have overlooked the fact that Templeton's 

plant was also quoted by Sir J. E. Smith in the English Flora 

iii, p. 465, where we read, "Sent from Ireland in 1796, by Mr 

TElmpleton." Fortunately, the plant is preserved in Smith's herbarium, 

and by the courtesy of Dr B. Daydon J ackson, the secretary 

of the Linnean Society, I have had an opportunity of inspecting it 

and find that it is unquestionably a form of C. Jacea, almost identical 

with plants found in various parts of England. This confirmation 

of Templeton's record should prove of interest to Irish botanIsts and. 

I hope, lead to the plant's re-discovery. 

In other Britislh herbaria consulted by me, no Gentaureas from 

Ireland have been ~een which could be placed to C. Jacea.. The first 

English record rests upon Borrer's Henfield plant, which, it seems. 

was found in very limited quantity, as existing specimens in herbaria 

are from cultivated plants. Besides HennBld; a. la.cea has' 

been recorded from several other Sussex localities, stretching thence 

ea,stwa,rd to the Kent border. Arnold, in his Flora of Swssex enume-


rates localities near Plumpton, Fletching, Fairlight and Guestling, 

and two other records are supplied by Mr C. E. Salmon in his notes 

on the county.flora that have appeared in the Journal of Botany 

from the neighbourhood of Hassocks and Cuckfield. Adverting to the 

status of C. J acea in Britain, whether it is an introduced species 

wherever it occurs or is native at some of its recorded localities, the 

evidence seems in favour of the latter view, and a modern survey of 

its distribution in Sussex, the conditions under which it grows, and 

. its relative abundance, would go far to settle this point. Plants very 

diverse in their aggregate characters have been included within the 

limits of C. Jacea, and a study of the Sussex plants recorded as this 

species shows that they are by no means identical, and can readily 

be arranged under at least three forms, none being typical C. Jacea 

as understood by continental authors. So far, herbarium examples 

from five of the seven recorded Sussex localities have come under my 

notice, and a small-headed, narrow-leaved form that is represented 

at four different places is most likely that to be met with elsewhere 

as a native plant. During the past year it was found in Surrey, and 

I anticipate it being met with in other of the southern counties. 

That but few plants were seen at the Surrey locality is no real objection 

to regarding it as a native there; indeed, the presence of 

somewhat similar plants, distinguished by the extent to which the 

phyllary-appendages were fimbriate, probably explains the reason 

why Jacea was not seen in quantity-by crossing with C. nigra it is 

being absorbed into that dominant form of Centaurea. ,ElsewheJ;e, 

C. Jacea is accompanied by similar supposed hybrids with C. nigra, 

which are described further on. 

An endeavour has .been made to identify the forms of C. Jacea 

occurring in Britain with authentic examples of named continental 

plants, and where success has not attended such efforts our plants 

have been arranged in accordance'with the system of Gugler. As this 

botanist's work (" Die Centaureen des ungarischen National 

Museums" in Annal. Hist. Nat. Musei nation. Hurng. vi., p. 219, 

1908) on Centa,urea is practically unknown to British botanists, a 

few explanatory words may be of interest. In the section Jacea, 

Gugler recognised three species only, viz., C. Jacea, C. nigra, and 

C. nigrescens. The first of these is again divided into three subspecies-eu-lacea. 

jungens, and angustifolia: Each sub-species in- 

.. -~


cluded three homologous varieties: based upon the character of the 

phyllary-appendages-whether more or less entire or progressively 

pectinate-fimbriate. A further sub-division was made into parallel 

series of forms. Gugler's views were of a synthetical nature, as he 

did not hesitate to refer to the same low grade of form diverse plants 

which have been regarded by other botanists as distinct species. The 

distinctions of the three sub-species of C. Jacea are founded chiefly 

on habit, eu-Jacea having fairly broad leaves and stems with rather 

short fioweringbranches; angusttfolia with longer, sometimes virgate, 

branches and narrow leaves, and jungens with characters intermediate. 

Gugler's classification has been adopted by certain continental 

botanists, notably Schinz and Keller (Fl. der Schweiz) and Vollmann 

(Fl. von Bayern), the latter giving a most useful summary of the 

different forms. 

CENTAUREA JACEA L., sub-sp. C. EU-JACEA Gugl.-" Stem with 

rather short branches, seldom simple or with secondary branches. 

Peduncles usually inflated beneath the capituli; phyllary-appendages 

light to blackish.-brown, seldom white. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to 

lanceolate, never linear-lanceolate or linear, the upper leaves always 

proportionately broad, basal and lower leaves short, more or less 

lingulate. Peduncles with few spreading and scattered leaves. More 

or less glabrous or quite glabrous, rarely felted or tomentose. Stature 

medium (seldom more than 30 centim. high), shade-grown plants 

taller and those of barren places sometimes diminutive." 

Var. TYPICA Gugl.-Phyllary-appendages entire, or more or less 

irregularly torn, never distinctly pectinate.-v.-c. 17, Surrey, Warlingham, 

in a meadow 1905; Epsom Downs, 1917 (Ref. No. 1832). 

Probably adventive, as solitary plants only were seen in these 

localities. A specimen in Herb. Brit. Mus. labelled C. Jacea, var. 

crispo-fimbriata Koch, gathered on the site of the Exhibition of 

1862, is a small-headed form of sub-sp. eu-Jacea. The phyllaryappendages 

are not sufficiently cut up nor wavy enough for it to be 

the plant that it is named. 

Vars. SEMIPECTINATA Gugl. and FIMBRIATA Gugl. are characterised 

by the extent to which the appendages are regularly fimbriate. No 

British plants have been seen that are referable to these varieties.

BRITISH FORMS OF CENTAUREA JAC1


and pectinate, remainder entire or somewhat l~cerate, sometimes 

denticulate, but not pectinate. Outer florets rayed or not. 

V.-c. 13, West Sussex, Henfield, Borrer.-Cultivated examples 

are in the herbaria at Kew, South Kensington, and in that of the 

Linnean Society. I am not aware that the plant has been found by 

any botanist other than Borrer. Abundant in a paddock between 

Hassocks and Hurstpierpoint (doubtfully native), 1900, T. Hilton, 

(C. E. Salmon in lourn. Bot. 1901, p. 414). Under the name of 

C. Jacea specimens were distributed by M1' Hilton through the Watson 

Exchange Club. It is probable that more than one form was included, 

as besides the plant placed here (specimens in Herb. South 

London Botanical Institute, under the date of Sept. 1905) Mr Hilton's 

gatherings also included the plant identified as C. subjacea 

Hayek (specimen in Herb. C. E. Salmon) and that (Herb. South 

London Botanical Institute) referred to the hybrid C. angustifolia 

x nemoralis. 

V.-c. 14, East Sussex, Plumpton Cross-ways, 1872, Unwin, 

(Arnold Fl. SU88ex).-In Herb. C. E. Salmon are two scrappy portions 

of plants collected in Aug. 1905, at Plumpton, by the late T. 

Hilton and the Rev. E. Ellman. The label is noted" All we could 

find; 11r Ellman thinks this is the place given by Arnold as near 

Plumpton Cross-ways." The specimens are named C. Jacea and represent 

two dissimilar forms, one being sub-sp. angustifolia, var. 

integra, the other probably a hybrid between this and nigra. Fairlight, 

July 7, 1883 (Rev. E. N. Bloomfield in lferb. Brit. Mus.).-In 

two interesting notes in Jo~trn. Bot. 1884, pp. 149-248, the Rev. E. 

N. Bloomfield, who detected it at two localities, rightly pointed out 

that it is extremely liable to be overlooked for the common C. nigra, 

especially when not in flower and growing amongst tall grass. I can 

confirm this observation, having precisely a similar experience on 

Epsom Downs, Surrey. As at the Plumpton locality, angustifolia is 

at Fairlight accompanied by forms (specimens in Herb. C. E. Salmon) 

which may be considered as derived from crossing with C. nigra. 

These plants are sparingly branched, branches elongated, leaves 

mostly linear-lanceolate, heads globose, phyllary-appendages dark 

brown, closely imbricate, the lower regularly pectinate, the median 

fimbriate, uppermost more or less entire. Guestling.-At this


locality tbe plant was first observed by Rev. E. N. Bloomfield abouo 

the year 1864 (specimen in Herb. Kew) and was se,en twelve years 

later in a neighbouring station. 

V.-c. 17, Surrey, Epsom Downs, Aug. 1920 (Ref. No. 2269), in 

small quantity but apparently native, and with the heads rayless. 

In 1910 and 1911 a variation with light-coloured phyllaryappendages, 

rather irregularly lacerate, occurred at the golf links 

near Byfleet; specimens are in various private herbaria and at Kew 

and the British Museum. The specimens at the latter establishment 

include a scrap of what is very probably sub-sp. jungens, var. 

fimbriatisquama. 

V.-c. 21, Middlesex. Formerly at Twickenham, in a situation 

now built over. The authors of the Flora of Middlesex recorded it 

as being in considerable plenty, thoroughly established, and having 

the appearance of a native plant. The presence, however, of certain 

plants in the'vicinity that were formerly cultivated is mentioned, 

but, as C. Jacea is not to my knowledge a plant of garden culture, I 

am unable to support the implied inference. Examples of the 

Twickenham plant are frequent in herbaria. 

V.-c. 22, Berks. At Wellington College (Journ. Bot. 1919, p. 

340), where it is naturalised. At this locality occur plants Indistinguishable 

from the Sussex and Middlesex form, as well as several 

allies. 

V.-c. 69, N. Lancs., Cark, 4 Aug. 1870; colI. W. M. 

(specimen in Herb. Brit. Mus.). 

Hind 

Ireland.-Templeton's plant before referred to as being in the 

possession of the Linnean Society is presumably from the recorded 

station at Drumbridge. It is a portion of a plant measuring about 

25 centim. in length. One detached lower leaf is oblanceolate. pinnatifid, 

but the upper leaves are linear-lanceolate entire. Tbe he'l,ds 

are pale-coloured, about 2.5 centim. by 3 centim., the pbyllaryappendages 

mostly irregularly torn, and outer florets radiant. On 

the sheet in Smith's handwriting is the name" C. Jacea. Eng. Bot. 

t. 1678" and the note" Ireland: Mr Templeton, 1796." 

Channel Isles.-Near Don Bridge, Jersey, July 1898; call. J. W. 

Hurst (as C. nigra L., var. decipiens Thuill. in Herb. Druce); 

meadow in Valley des Vaux, Jersey, Aug. 1876, Dr Bull (Herb. Druce ~.


as " Centau-rea serrotina Borr." (sic). The first of these plants IS 

almost identical with plants from the golf links, Byfleet, 1911. 

A frequent Wellington College form, also the plants from Guestling 

and Fairlight (some), have great affinities with C. bracteata 

Scop. and with C. pannonica Heuff., but are not either of these 

exactly. On the other hand, the plants from Hassocks, Epsom Downs, 

Byfieet, Drumbl'idge and Don Bridge are closer in characters to C. 

amara L. as described by French authors. Gugler, however, did not 

recognise C. amara L. and placed plants referred to that species 

under his sub-sp. C. angustifolia. 

Var. SEMIFIMBRIATA Gugler .-Outer phyllaries, to about the 

middle of the head, with regula;'ly pectinate-fringed appendages. 

There are 1-2 series of appendages transitional between lower appendages 

and the entire upper series.-v.-c. 22 Berks., \Vellington 

College, 1919 (Ref. No. 2157). 

Besides the British plants referred to the foregoing sub-species 

and varieties, other forms occur which appear identical with' the 

following species .:- 

C. SUBJAOEA Hayek. A specimen in Herb. C. E. Salmon received 

through the Watson Exchange Club, under the name C. Jacea Linn., 

gathered by the late T. Hilton in a paddock at Hassocks, E. Sussex, 

V.-c. 13, June, 1900, is !dentical with the plant distributed by Dr 

A. V. Hayek as No. 594 of his Flora stiriaca exsiccata, and described 

in full in Die CfJntaurea-arten Oesterreich-Ungarns, where its wide 

distribution in the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire 

is indicated, and a long list of synonyms given. Elsewhere in 

Sussex the same form has been collected by Dr G. C. Druce at Lewes, 

v.-c. 14, and was found in Surrey, v.-c. 17, in a meadow at West 

Molesey by H. C. Watson in 1880 (specimen in Herb. Kew as " C. 

nigra., var.") Mr Hilton's observations on the plants recorded by 

him as C. Jacea were that they were naturaJised only, though occurring 

abundantly. His estimate of this status deserves further study, 

and, now that attention has been drawn to C. subjacea, it may possibly 

be recognised elsewhere. It is a medium-sized plant, reaching 

about 2 feet in height, stems erect, branches few, leaves green, sparingly 

hairy, lower stalked, ovate-lanceobte, entire or sinuatedentate, 

the mirldle and upper/leaves obovate-oblong or oblanceolate. 

Capituli solitary, ovoid-globose, about 14 mm. long, phyllary-


appendages dark-brown, scal'ious, the innermost series roundish, 

more or less entire, succeeding series lacerate, lowest series triangular, 

pectinate. Flowers described as clear-crimson, the outer 

rayed. Fruit pubescent, without pappus. 

C. NElIfOPHILA Jord. MS. Two not quite identical plants have 

received this name: (1) that distributed by Billot (No. 3628), which 

was a cultivated plant' grown from seeds received from Jordan, and 

(2) that distributed by Hayek as C. Jacea, sub-sp. llemop"/bila (Jord.), 

which is chiefly distinguished from the first by its markedly virgate 

habit and less fimbriated appendages. As, however, the plants representing 

Hayek's .sub-species were gathered in France, it is probable 

that the extent to which they differ from Billot's No. 3628 is 

due to the latter being a cultivated plant. Hayek's plant is slightly 

arachnoid, leaves linear, acute, reaching 7 centim. in length, the 

lowest visible leaves provided with two linear acute lobes at base. 

Heads globose, outer florets rayed; appendages with dark-brown 

centres and paler margins. At Wellington College, Berks., v.-c. 22, 

plants occur which cannot be' kept a part from C. nemojJhila J ord. 

They exhibit closer agreement with Hayek's plant than with Billot's, 

but, no doubt all three are mere variations of one form. Most likely, 

similar plants will be detected elsewhere, as I have gathered it as 

a slender form (Ref. No. 2040) in a pasture at Lower Morden, 

Surrey, v.-c. 17. Gugler referred C. nemophila to his C. angustifolia, 

var. pseudofimbriata, and Rouy placed it to C. Ruscinonensis 

Boiss., which, in his arrangement of the "formes" or races of 

C. Jacea, follows C. decipiens Thuill. 

C. VIRETORU:i\{ J ord. As distributed by Billot in Plo Gall. et 

Germ., No. 3629, this was also a cultivated plant raised from seed 

received from Jordan. Apparently a large plant, green, muchbranched, 

leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, usually entire except for a 

pair of linear basal lobes. Capituli globose, appendages mostly palebrown 

(biscuit-coloured), the lower with darker centres, upper 

dentate, lower pectinate or fimbrillate, divisions wide.' Flowers 

bright-pink, outer radiate. At Woldingham, Surrey, V.-C. 17, plants 

(Nos. 2109 and 2130) have been collected which come under Jordan's 

name, only differing by being smaller, less branched, leaves less acute, 

and the lower appendages more finely fringed. Although I have 

seen but few plants, I was assured by my friend, Mr A. Beadell of

172 BRITISH FORMS OF CENTAUREA .JACEA L. 

Warlingham (to whom I am much indebted for assistance in the 

field), that this form was plentiful at W'Oldingham in 1919, flowering 

rather late. 

Ry Rouy C. viretorum is referred to C. amara L., sub-var. Loiseleurii 

characterised by the appendages being more or less whitish, 

whilst Gugler placed 'it as a synonym of his C. angustifolia, var. 

integra, sub-va,r. pannonica. 

The occnrrence, side by side with typical forms of C. Jacea, of 

related plants showing much laciniated phyllary-appendages, is an 

interesting feature. Such plants are well-known on the Continent, 

where they are usually regarded as of hybrid origin. Similar plant'S 

occurring in this eountry are deseribed in the following latin 

diagnosis (based npon my notes), which I owe to the kindness of Mr 

C. E. Salmon :- 

C. Jacea L., sub-sp. C. angustifolia Gugl. x C. nemoralis Jord. = 

x C. Monktonii mihi. 

Plant arachnoid or slightly pubescent. Stem erect or decumbent. 

Lower canlineleaves oblanceolate, sometimes pinnatifid, lobes few. 

oblong, obtuse, or acute; margin entire or irregularly serrate; upper 

leaves linear-lanceolate, entire. Capituli small to medium, often 

arachnoid at base; phyllary-appendages light-brown to dark-brown, 

more or less imbrieate, the lowest often whitish, teeth especially so. 

The appendages are either elongate-triangular or roundish, 

regularly or irregularly pectinate as far as the centre of anthode, 

succeeding appendages lacerate, the uppermost more or less entire. 

Florets rose-purple, the outer radiant or not. 

Planta tela arachnoida vestita vel leviter pubescens. Caulis 

erectus vel decumbens. Folia caulina inferiora oblanceolata, interdum 

pinnatifida, lobis paucis oblongis obtusis vel acutis, margine 

integra vel in aequali ter' serrata; folia superiora integra linearilanceolata. 

Capitula parva vel mediocria, saepe basi arachnoidea; 

squamarum appendices dilute vel saturate brunneae, plus mimusve 

imbricatae, imfimae praesertim ad dentes albescentes. Appendices 

inferiores elonga,iJo-triangula,res vel rotunduhtae, aequaliter vel 

inaequaliter pectina,tae; appendices sThperiores laceratae, Bupremae 

plus minus integrae. Corollae roseo-purpurae, extimae ligulat,ae 

vel omnestubulosae.

BRITISH FORMS OF CEN'rAUREA JACEA L. 173 

The plants referred to this hybrid are so variable m character 

that measurements of the organs have been omitted as valueless. 

Occurs in the company of the reputed parents at Epsom Downs, 

Surrey, v.-c. 17 (Ref. Nos. 2268 and 2270); at Hassocks, W. Sussex, 

v.-c. 13, collected by the late T. Hilton (as" C. Jacea," one specimen 

in Herb. South Londoh Botanical Institute), and is, in part (specimev-s 

in Herb. C. E. Salmon), the C. nigra L., var. decipiens 

(Thuill.) of Mr H. W. Monkton's Plora of the Bagshot District. I 

have seen other examples from Mr H. W. Monkton's herbarium collected 

at Wellington College, Berks, v.-c. 22, where I also hav,e collected 

It. It resembles C. Gerstlaueri Dorfler (C. Jacea x nigra), 

but exhibits obvious differences due to its parentage. 

The preceding notes have been compiled with a view of drawing 

renewed attention to a small group of very interesting but highly 

critical plants. In the opinion of the writer, much work in the field, 

and herbarium yet remains to be accomplished before the materi~ls 

can be acquired necessary for an adequate knowledge and arrangement 

of ' the various allied plants that may be placed under the aggregate 

name of Centaurea Jacea Linn. It is a pleasurable duty to 

acknowledge the great encouragement and assistance received from 

Dr G. Claridge Druce and Mr C. E. Salmon, F.L.S., both of whom 

have placed their herbaria at my disposal. To the late Rev. E. S. 

Marshall, Mr W. C. Barton, F.L.S., and various other correspondents 

grateful acknowledgments are also due, and it is hardly necessary 

to say that little progress could have been made without recourse to 

the libraries and collections at Kew and South Kensington, from 

whose custodians, notably Messrs .A.. J. Wilmott and E. G. Baker, 

much valuable assistance has been received. The collections and 

library of the South London Botanical Institute have also proved 

very useful. 

.A. summary of the forms of O. Jacea claimed as British is appended 

:--0. lacea, sub-sp. O. eu-lacea Gugl.; O. Jacea, sub-sp. 

O. jungens GugL. var. fimbriatisquama Gugl.; O. Jacea, sub-sp. 

O. angustifolia Gugl., vars. integra Gugl. and semifimbriata Gugl.; 

O. subjacea Hayek; O. nemoph,t'la Jord.; O. viretorum Jord.; and 

x C. Moncktonii mihi. It is,intended to place a representative set 

of specimens in the National Herbarium at South Kensington.

~--"-- 

174 VIOLET NOTES IN 1920. 

VIOLET NOTES IN 1(")20. 

E.S. GREGORY. 

The Violet Season of 1920 has been the most prolific for many 

years. My residence at Weston-super-Mare, during winter and early 

spring, gave me opportunities of studying in the field the many 

species, varieties and forms that abound. in the neighbourhood. 

The var. praecox of V. odorata was in flower long before Christmas 

1919, and I gathered the last flower of the season during the 

third week in February, just as V. odorata, var. violacea was in 

early bloom. I have examined the plants carefully at intervals all 

through the season, and have not detected a single capsule either 

from open or cleistogamous flowers. My belief is that it, alone of 

violets, increases simply by vegetative reproduction. This it accomplishes 

most effectually. 

A new colour-form of V. odorata attracted my attention in a 

hedge-row near Banwell, Somerset, late in February. It corresponds 

with the var. variegata of V. hirta, excepting "that the combined 

colours give the general impression of a sky-blue flower. The name 

caerulea suggested itself to me. On examination under the lens the 

corolla proved to be white, with streaks and blotches of palish purple. 

Another form of V. odorata, from the same locality, differs from 

type by having the long narrow leaves of V. hirta. 

Miss Peck sent me two interesting forms of V. hirta. x odorata 

from an orchard in South Devon. 

One of the forms had :-Leaves-(spring) small, glabrescent, with 

hairy petioles; (summer) on elongated hairy petioles (8-10 cm.); 

lamina (3-4 by 3-4 cm.), dark green. Flowers-paler colour than 

those of ordinary V. hirta (2! by 2 cm.); upper petals greatly recurved 

on the peduncle, narrow; lateral slightly bearded; sepals 

orbicular; 'spur short, scarcely exceedi:p.g sepaline appendages; 

anther-spurs very short. Miss Peck sent this form as a "new hirta." 

The direction of hairs points, however, to a x or variation of V. hirta. 

x odorata. 

The seco:p.d form, from the same habitat, had :-Leaves-broad 

(5~ by 5 cm.); petioles with the characteristic hairs of V. hirta x

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 175 

odorata hybrids (midway between patent and depressed). Flowerspure 

white, large (3 by 21 cm.); sepals oblong; petals narrow, devoid 

of scent; spur pale-coloured, mottled (not nearly so deep-coloured 

as in V. du~etorum), revolut~, with a little 2 mm. tail on the apex, 

evidently a x, mutation, or variation of V. hirta x odorata. 

Another interesting little plant, which has been sent to me from 

various localities during the last three years, I have named tentatively 

V. rupestris, var. glabrescens. It is a minute plant with 

tiny, dark-coloured leaves, and it bears small lilac flowers, which 

have l~ng narrow petals. The profile of the flower is extraordinarily 

long and narrow,· but perhaps its most striking character is displayed 

by the stipules, quite unlike those of the sylvatica group, to 

which at first sight the plant appears to belong. The stipules of this 

plant suggest affinity with V. rupestris: they are broad enough and 

have processes rather than teeth, a character which also appertains 

to all canina forms. The smallness of the plant, the smallness of its 

dark foliage, the shape of its individual leaves, accord with the same 

characters in our north country var. arenaria of V. rupestris, but 

the shape of the flower, especially of its long narrow profile, does nut 

accord with var. arenaria. 

Further investigation is required before we can give the plan [, 

a permanent name. Meanwhile, I commend it to the study of 

botanists, more particularly to violet students. It keeps going in 

my violet patch in the Cambridge Botanical Gardens retaining its 

characters intact. Dried examples may be seen in my collection in 

the Natural History Museum, at South KensingtoIl. 

M1SCELLANEOUS NOTES. 

It is with the good wishes of the members that Mr Charles Bailey, 

who a.cted as Secrenary from 1B79 to 1902, is chosen to fill the 

vacancy as the only British Honorary Member, caused by the death. 

of Mr J. G. Baker, a former Secretary. The Rev. F. Alston is still 

at his old address, Scrivelsby R.ectory, Lincolnshire. Hearty congratulations 

are offered no Prof. I. Bayley Balfour on being created 

K.C.B.E., to Professor F. W. Keeble, F.R.S., on nis filling the chair 

--~ 

,

176 MISOELLANEOUS NOTES. 

as Shera,rdian Professor at Oxford, and to Dr A. H. Church on his 

being made a Fellow of the Royal Society. Lieut.-Colonel A.. H. 

WoIley-Dod is spending the year in San Francisco. 

Gn,BERT WHITE. At the bicentennial celebration of the birth of 

this great naturalist, an address was given by Dr Gilbert White, 8, 

great-grandnephew, in which he sta,ted that with the exception of 

the Bible and the Pilgrim's Progress there had been a greater number 

of editions of the Natural History of Selborne than any other book. 

A SHAKESPEARIAN GARDEN. The StraUord-on-Avon Trustees a,re 

endeavouring to fill the Great Garden attached to New Place with 

old-fashioned flowers so as to make it an Elizabethan garden. They 

would be glad 'Of plants mentioned by Shakespeare. Plants may be 

sent to Mr F. C. WeUstood, New Place, Stratford-on-Avon. 

PROFESSOR TRAIL bequeathed to the Aberdeen University Library 

about 2000 books and pamphlets. A list of these, it is to be hoped, 

will be published in one of the ensuing bulletins of that Library. 

Professor Trail had a most carefully compiled catalogue of the plant 

records for the Scottish counties. 

COLOURING MATTER OF PLANTS. An important article appea.rs in 

the ably edited periodical, Nature, for April 1, 1920. It treats of 

sap-pigments, which are divided into two main cla.sses :-(i) derivatives 

of fla.vone or flavinol (a,nthoxanthines); and (ii) anthocy&nins. 

The former are very widely distributed, occurring in such diverse 

ma.terial as is afforded by he&ther, clover flowers, oni{)n skins, violas, 

parsley, &c. The latter, the purples, reds, and blues of plant-life, 

are noticeable when existing even in very small quantity-one per 

cent. Indeed the dried flowers of Centaurea Cyanu8 yield only about 

i per cent of the blue pigment, cyanin, whereas the yellow pansy 

affords 25 per cent. of a yellow sap-pigmen.t. Yet this l&rge quantity 

is completely masked by the presence of & one per cent. of :1 

plastid carotin. Chemic&l investigation shows that the blue cornflower 

owes its colour to the same pigment a,s that of the red rose. 

The quest.ion is a,sked-does it r&ise hopes of success in the endeavour 

to produce a, blue ro,se 1 In the rose the colour is red because the 

sap is acid, in the cornflower the cell-sa.p can take up enough alkali

CORRECTIONS. 177 

to form a blue alkali BaIt. In one of our FloraB the flower was 

actually painted with the coloured sap and is fairly perma,nent. 

Reference is a.lso made to dye-pigments. In a couple of pages a 

mass of highly valua,ble material ha,s been excellently condensed. 

HEItBARIUM OF J. MONTGOMERIE BELL. The recent death of our 

old member, Mr A. M. Bell, whose obit.ua.ry notice will be Been on p. 

100 recalls the hcct that he presented the writer with an Herbarium 

of a.bout a thousand weets, which were collected by his brother, John 

Montogomerie Bell, Writer to the Signet, when he belonged to Prof. 

J. H. Balfour',s Class, 1857-8. Mr J. Bell was born in Edinburgh 

in 1837 and died there in 1910. The Herba,riulll cont.ained a· few 

new county-records, which will be found in the Report. 

HERBARIUM OF JOHN PIQUET. An obituary notice of this octo- , 

gena.rian Jersey Botanist is in the Report for 1912, p. 205, and 

there I alluded to his chief Herbarium being in the possession of his 

son. In the spring of 1920 I called on Mr Fred Piquet, who wa,s 

ca.rrying on the pharmacy which once belonged to his hther, and 

to my sorrow found he had just. received his death-warrant, as his 

physician had declared he had malignant disease of the stomach. 

From this he died a few months a,fter. He wished me to have his 

fathe,r's plants, so I purcha,sed them and found that they included 

seve.ral non mentioned in Mr Lester-Garland's Flora of Jersey, as 

well as a very large numbor of earlier date than those in tho posse,ssion 

of the Societe Jersiaise, from which Mr Garland drew much 

of his ma,terial. It aLso includes a. good Moss collection, as well as 

many of Larbalestier's Lichens. 

CORRECTIONS. 

Report 1917. 

p. 38. Line 23. For" LAPPuLA STIPITATA " read" EOHINOS 

PEUMUM STIPITATUM (Greene as ALLOOARYA)." 

p. 97. Line 17. For" THALSPI " read" THLASPI." 

p. 98. Line 22. For" IMB]}RIS " read" IMBERBIS." 

p. 142. Line 5. For" RADCLIFFE" read" RANDOLPH." 

p. 253. Line 2. For" Broadfield " read" Bradfield."

178 CORRECTIONS. 

Report 1918. 

p. 480. Line 28. Insert" Cystopteris fragilis Beauv. Finchampstead, 

Cope, 1911; Bray, Riddelsdell, 1920." 

Report 1919. 

p. 554. Line 18. Delete the Polperro locality; the plant prove:;] 

to be robust angustissimus. 

p. 573. Line 15. Add "specimen gathered ,there by A. 

Grugeon in 1873." 

p. 630. Line 20. For" 1919" read" 1879." 

p. 636. Line 11. For" E. Lothian" read" Mid Lothian." 

Line 16. For" London" read" Landon." 

Line 20. For "Black Loch, Fife," read "Cleish, 

Kinross." 

Line 23. For" with the foregoing" read "Black 

Loch, Dunfermline." 

p. 641. Line 26. For" Bexhill" read "Castle Hill, Hastings." 

p. 646. Line 2. For" Cotton" read" Potton." 

p. 648. Line 8. For'" Haddington " read " Headington." 

p. 653. Line 14. For" Lanark" read" Edinburgh." 

p. 663. Line 12 et seq. For" Bexhill, Kent," read" Bexhill, 

Sussex." 

p .. 666. Line 26. For "Near Bexhill" read "Between 

Coodens and Norman's Bay, Sussex." 

p. 676. Line 13. For" Aberdeen" read" Aberdour, Fife." 

p. 681. Line 18. For"~. GREEN" read" H. L. GREEN." 

p. 61)9. Line 17. For "Burntisland" read "Craig Buckley." 

p. 689. Line 18. For "Craig Buckley" read "Burntisland.'· 

p. 7'19. Line 21. For "paniculatum" read "auricomiforme. 

" 

p. 797. Line 24. The correct name is "Botrychium multifidum 

(Gmel.) Rupr. Beitr. xi., 40, 1859."

SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT OF BOTANICAL, SOCIETY 

AND EXOHANGE OLUB FOR 1920. 

BURSA PASTORIS \VEBER 

(With 9 Photographs in the text). 

STUDIES BY 

ERNST ALMQUIST, M.D. (STOCKHOLM), 

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY 

G. OLARIDGE DRUOE, M.A., LL.D. 

INTRODUOTION .. 

Among the many woods which followed or were brought by ma,n 

into Britain we may probably include the Shepherd's Purse, but 

we POSS600 no informa,tion a,s to the date of its a,rrival, since as 

yet no seeds of it ha,ve been discovered either in deposits of the 

neolithic or even in the remains of the Roman period. Our ea.rliest 

knowledge of it in Britain is to be found in Turner's Names of 

Herbs of 1548, where Bursa pastoris is said" to grow by highways 

almost in every place," and he wrongly says, " whereof is no mention 

in any olde ancient wryter." Under this name Gerard (Herbal 

214, 1597), repeats practically the same description of its place of 

growth, and inserts a wood-block, which, already has done duty in 

Dodoens' Herbal. 

Its botanical history, however, goes much further back. It is 

well figured as a cut-leaved pla,nt, the sinuses not reaching to the 

midrib, the silicles deeply notched with rounded lobes, their sides 

curved inwards, in the Oxford copy of Dioscorides from the Codex 

.. ~.~

180 BURSA PASTORIS WEBER. 

Anicia Julia:na, 'K. which dates from the sixth century. A photograph 

from a collotype copy of the original brush drawing is appended. 

It is there called Thlaspi. Theodericus D on;ten ius (Botanicon 

1540) uses the name B1.{'rsa Pastoris, Fuchs (De Historia Stirpium 

611, 1542) calls it Pastoria bU1'sa: folia initio exeunt oblongo marginibus 

profundis incisa, Tragus (De Stirpium ed. Kyber 1552) calls 

it Bursa pastoris, as did Matthioli (Gornp. 1571) and Lobel (Obs. 

llO, 1576), while Dodoens (Pemptades 1588) employs Pastoria Bur'sa 

and his wood block for it was afterwards used by Gerard. In the 

seventeenth century Caspar Bauhin (Pinax 1623) names it BUTsa 

pastoTia. Tournefort (Institutes 216, 1700) keeps the genera 

Nastu.rtium (Lepidium), Thlaspi, and BUTsa pastoris distiIlct, 

putting five species under the latter, of which two only are forms 

of Bu.rsa pastoris. Haner (StiTp. H elv. i., 217, 1768) unites many 

Cruoife,rous genera, including Bursa, under Nastuq·tium. Linnaeus 

unfortunately broke a,way from old traditions and placed 

B'ursa in his genus Thlaspi, which included also species d 

Aethionema and Lepidium, retaining Bursa pastoris as the specific 

name for the Shepherd's Purse. Hill (British Herbal 260, 1756), 

with his usual acumen, restores the Shepherd's Purse to a distinct 

genus, and choose,s the name in gene,ral use, Bursa pastoris, which, 

as he says, " Linnaeus 'does not keep in a distinct genus, but makes 

it a specie,s of Thlaspi. The seed vessels of the Thlaspi are indeed 

pa.rted by a. nick at the end, but they have not the peculiar form 

of those in this plant which from their resemblance to a pouch Cl' 

wallet ha,ve obta,ined the herb a name peculia.r to itself, and preserved 

it through most writers," and, as he says, " Bauhin is wrong 

*80 named from Anicia Juliana, daughter of the Emperor Flavius Anicius 

Olyber, circ", 512 A.D. The drawings were obtained by Angier Guisland de 

Busbecq, ambassador at Constantinople about 1560, by whom they were taken to 

Vienna, where he became tutor to the sons of the second Maximilian. There 

they were preserved until in 1763-1773 Marie Therese had copper-plate copies 

made by the librarian, Gerhard 8weiten. Four copies were struck off, and the 

plates were then destroyed. There are two copies at Vienna, one at Oxford with 

the plant names written in by Jacquin, and a third, an imperfect copy which 

once belonged to Lil1l1aeus, at the Linnean Library, London. This has only 142 

plates; the Oxford copy has 409. The numbers 1-383 are from the somewhat 

later Codex Neapolitanus of the 7th century. In 1906 a facsimile copy of the 

drawings in collotype was made bearing the following title, "Dioscorides. Codex 

Aniciae Julianae picturis illustratus nunc Vindobonensis Med. Gr. photypice 

editus. :Moderante Josepho de Karabaceck . . . . Lugd. Bat. 1906.;' It 

is from this that our photograph is taken.

BURSA PASTORIS WEBER. 181 

III making the whitlow grass a specie,s of this genus." Smith 

(Bnglish Flora iii., 174, 1824), with Linna.eus a.nd Robert Brown, 

treats it as a species of 'l'hlaspi, a name he says given it by 

Plate 1. 

" Dioscorides, Pliny, and' e,very succeeding writer, though Caesalpinus,' 

book 8, cha,pters 74, 76 (not book 2) mentions Capsella as 

one of the synonyms in Dioscorides, of which I find no trace. The 

word indeed is bad Lat,in synonymous with capsula." Hill's generic 

name, being of two words, is considered invalid. Weber, however,


in Wigger's Prim. Fl. Hols. 47, 1780, following Boehmer, established 

the genus as Bursa 503 Bursa pastoris = Thlaspi L., with the 

species pastoris. He says the Bursas agree with the Thlaspis in having 

the silicule many seeded, emarginate (and) divided by the style 

and .septum. But the BursaB ha.ve the valves boat-sha.ped (and) 

naked, while the Thlaspis have the valves winged. (This last is a) 

good character which ought not to have been disturbed. Bu.na 

is very closely allied to Lepidiurn, and might remain with it. 

. We therefore see that from early times the plant was known as 

Bursa pastoris, that, admitting its claim to gen'eric distinction, Hill 

was the first post-Linnean authority to put it in' a distinct genus, 

that his compound name being invalid it was definitely established 

by Weber in 1780, who properly diagnosed it and put a species 

under the generic name. Therefore when Medicus (Pflanzeng. i., 

85, 1792) described the genus under the name Oapsella it was a 

'still-born name, and also had the disadvantage of being, as Smith 

says, synonymous with capsula. It must have been ignorance or 

perversity which induced the Congress at Vienna. to insert Oapsella 

in the list of nomina conserva,nda., especially as at that time very 

few species ha.d been described. The name to be used surely is 

Bursa pastoris Weber. 

The Shepherd's Purse is, as Hooker says, to be, found wherever 

cultivation extends ((Ja.rd. Ohron. 677, 1875). It is a most prolific 

seeder and is extremely va.riable. C asp a.r Bauhin has three 

varieties which Dillenius (Ray Syn. 306, 1724) says are also found 

in Britain. These are Bursa pastoris major folio non sinuato 

C.B.; Bursa pastoris media C.B.; Bursa pastoris eleganti folio. 

instar Coronopi repentis Cam. Hist. 32. Hudson (Flora Anglica 

247, 1762) adds var. b. B. pastoris minor foliis integris eels. 

Upsala 13. Stokes (With. Nat. Arr. iii., 707, 1787) notes that it 

va.ries in a barren chalky soil, with an the leaves and the stem 

simple as represented in the last figure of Petiver (Herb. Brit. t. 49). 

Gray (Nat. Arr. ii., 692, 1821) under the name, Thlaspi 

Guneatum, says " varies much in size according to the soil." De 

Candolle (Systerna ii., 383, 21) gives the three varieties already 

mentioned by Dillenius, i.e., rninor, integrifolia and coronopifolia. 

The latter, the plant of Tournefort'.s Inst. 216, is described at 

length and is represented in Vaillant's Herbarium. Koch (Syn.


Pl. Germ. 73, 1837) cites Medikus as the authority ror the genus, 

,and gives five varieties :--integrifolia, fol. integra; sinuata, fol. 

sinuatD·dentata,; pinnatifida, rol. pinnatifiqaj coronopifolia DC., 

fol. pinnatifida; laciniis antice incisis; and apetala, flores apetali. 

'Babington (Man. 31, 1847) attributes the authority ror Capsella' 

to Ventenat, and says" it varie's greatly'in the form a,nd divisions 

of the leaves" ; while Hooker and Arnott (Brit. Pl. 37, 1855) ,cite 

the name as Capsella DC. 

In 1869 there appeared" A Note on the Forms of the Genus 

Capsella" by Charles P. Hobkirk in Bulletin Soc. Bot. Bl;lgique 

viii., 457, 1869 which, not being of easy access, is here translated 

with slight abridgment. 

For several years my attention has been directed to the differences, which 

are sometimes very characteristic, presented by the various forms of the 

Thla.~pi,Bur8a-pastoris L" the species which has served to establish' the genus 

Capsella. These differences do not appear to be due to such circuII\stances as 

the moisture or dryness of the soil, or exposure, because I have uoticed these 

variations in plants growing mixed up together un(ler the same conditions. 

Having studied very closely the various forms of (Japsdla Bur8a-pastori.~, I 

think I am doing a useful thing giving a description of them. The majority of 

authors have scarcely done more than note the variations in the leaves of the 

rosette, and, with the single exception of Professor Crepin, not one of them has 

paid any attention to the formation of the silicle. 

\Yith regard to the radical leaves, their shape varies so much even on the 

same plant that one cannot make use of them; moreover, as these leaves often 

dry up before the complete development of the silicles, it becomes impossible 

to examine them on fruit-bearing specimens. But it is not so with the silicle, 

which always presents fairly well-defined characters that vary only within 

narrow limits. 

Before entering upon the systematic portion of this paper I shall take a 

glance at what the principal authors have said concerning the varieties, 

variations or species of the genus Capsella. 

Many writers notify certain varieties or variations, but not one of them 

has attempted to define them clearly or to establish their rank. 

Jordan (Diagnoses 339-342, 1864) is of opinion that Capsella BW'sa-pastoris 

is an aggregate type of plant, in which he has been able to recognise five species, 

viz., C. agrestis, C. virgatri, C. ruderalis, C. sabulosa, and C. praecox. 

C. agrestis of Jordan is distinguished by the silicles (pouches) being green, 

rather narrow, and regularly cuneiform, ending in a moderately open and 

shallow notch which is not ~xceeded by the style. The calyx is usually green, 

slightly edged with white, and the leaves are bright green or sometimes rather 

greyish. 

O. virflata i~ distlnguished by its bright green leaves, its slender habit, its


flowers of moderate size, its silicles with a very short and very obtuse notoh, 

which is always exceeded by the style. It is rather late in flowering. 

O. ruderalis has deep green leayes, rather small flowers with a green or 

somewhat brownish calyx, short and, broad ;ilicles, in which the notch is 

scarcely equalled by the style. 

O. sabulosa is distinguished by being, under similar conditions, of much 

smaller size than its congeners, and having smaller leaves. The silicles have a 

deep notch with oval lobes, rather wide open at the top, bl't yet much less so 

than in O. n£bella Reut. in which the silicle has the lobes of the notch much 

shorter and not so long as broad. 

O. praecox is remarkable by its rather dense fruiting spikes, which lengthen 

out much less than in the majority of the allied species. The silicles, as well as 

the stem, often assume a darker hue, the former are triangular with a moderately 

deep notch, style very short, leaves often but slightly indented, wmetimes 

almost entire, with acute teeth. Stem very leafy. Very early in flowering. 

To these remarks Jordan adds ;-" These five species which I ha\'e been 

able to observe and cultivate for several years are not the only ones whic,h are 

to be found at Lyons, without speaking of O. rubella Reut. which is common 

there. 

O. gracilis, reoorded by M. Grenier, is not a species, in my 

opinion, but a peculiar state of different species, which is met with more 

frequently in certain years than in others, and 11l which the silicles are aborti ve. " 

Crepin (Notesfaso. i., ii.,) in his own words say :- 

"Up to the present time the varieties of this Crucifier have only been 

founded on the differences in the leaves and on the absence of petals. I am now 

going to propose three varieties established on the form of the fruit. 

Var. a genuina. Silicle nar'rowllJ t1'iang~dar, its width at the apex exceeding 

two-thirds 0/ the height oj the di88tpiment ; notch of medium (lepth, style reaching 

one·third the height of the lobes. 

' 

Var. f3 stenocarpa. Silicle narrow, swollen, its greatest width equalling 

two-thirds oj the height oj the dissepiment; silicle broader than in the other 

varieties; notch shallow, style u8~£ally eql£alling the sl£mmic 0/ the lobes; seeds 

more numerous than in the vars. a and "1. 

Var. '''1 bifida. Silicle exactly triangldar; notch very deep with the style 

concealed at the base. 

These varieties are met with casually at Rochefort in gardens and cultivated 

places." 

I have made a close study of a large number of forms growing in England, 

and I have examined those contained in the collections at Kew. None of these 

forms can be exactly referred to the diagnoses of M. Jordan. This fact, combined 

with my own observations in nature, leads me to believe that the species 

defined by M. Jordan are not what are understood under the name of good 

species, but are merely remarkable forms, sub-species derived from one eommon 

type. , 

It is therefore under the title of sub-species that I am about to describe the 

various forms of O. Bur·.5a-pastoris. As will be seen, I have mainly founded my 

distinctions on the form of the silicle, and I have almost disregarded the radical 

leaves.

BURSA P ASTORIS WEBER. 185 

CAPHELLA BURS"'PASTORIS Monch. 

Sub-species. 

1. C. BURSA PASTORIS Monch (VERA). 0_ Bursa-pastoris, var. "genuina Crep. 

Sepals ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, green beneath, whitish above, edges widely 

membranous. Petals white, once again as long as the sepals. Silicle forming an 

isosceles triangle with straight sides, green on both sides; notch of medium size, 

style reaching the lower third of the lobes. Pedicels spreading at right angles, 

once or twice as long as the silicles. Hab.: Common everywhere. 

2. C. RUBELLA Reut. Soc. HalL 18, 1854. Billot Annot. 124-. 

Sepals ovate-lanceolate, subobtuse, reddish underneath, edges narrowly 

membranous. Petals white, tinged with pink, one fourth longer than the sepals. 

Silicle forming an isosceles triangle with incun-ed sides; notch very deep, style 

much shorter than the lobes. Pedicels ascending, once and a half as long as the 

silicles. 

Spec. in Herb. Kew, S. America, Peru (Matthews) ; New 

Granada, etc. ; Port Adelaide (F. MUller) ; Geneva; TyroL 

3. C. GRACILIS Gren. 

Sepals ovate-oblong, reddish at the apex and beneath, somewhat reddish 

above, edges narrowly membranous Pet lIs reddish, nearly twice as long as the 

sepals. Silicle very small, forming an equilateral triangle, sides incurved from 

the base to the middle, then straight to the apex; notch shallow, style exceeding 

the lobes which are somewh'at.reddish. Pedicels curved upwards, three times as 

long as the silicles. Hab.: Centre and west of France with the two preceding 

forms; Rhoton (Griffiths) ; Constantinople etc. 

()bs. In the Kew Herbarium there is a .specimen with this label :-" Thlaspi 

Bursa-pastoris, var. microcarpa Godr. Florul. Inven. p. 8. De Port Juvenal 

pres ;\IIontpellier, 8 Juin 1859, J. Gay." This specimen belongs to a. g1-acilis, 

and may be considered as authentic since it ~as gathered in the locality named 

by M. Grenier for his type. In the Billotia, 114, 1869, M. V. Bavaux records 

that in 1863 he sowed a.rubella in his garden and that this form established 

itself and preserved all its characters; only at the end of three years (1866) he 

found, among plants of a. n~bella and a. Bursa-pastoris growing casually, three 

specimens of a. gracili8. "The appearance of this plant (0. gracili8)," he says, 

"in a locality where it had not shown itself since I possess it (1357), and only 

when a. Bursa-pa8toris and a. rubdla are placed in contact, confirms the opinion 

expressed by M. Urenier that it is simply a hybrid between these two species." 

Such also is the gist of the observations made by M. Paillot in the neighbourhood 

of Besangon. This would explain the frequent atrophy of the seeds of a. gracili8. 

4.' C. STENOCARPA. a. Bursa-pastoris, var. f3 Htenocarpa Crep. Notes, l.c. 

a. agrestis J ord. ? 

Sepals ovate-lanceolate, edges narrowly membranous. Petals once and :t 

half as long as the sepals. SilicIe forming an isosceles triangle, its greatest 

width not equalling two-thirds of the height of the dissepiment; notch shallow, 

style usually equalling the summit of the lobes; sides nearly straight. Hab. : 

Rather common in England and probably also on the Continent.


Obs. This form, of which I have seen only English specimens, is more 

robust than the others, and has longer and broader radical leaves. 

5. C. BIFIDA. O. Bur.sa.pastoris, var. l' bifida Crep. Notes, l.c. O. ruderalis 

Jord. ? 

Sepals almost as long as the petals. Silicle slightly longer than wide; notch 

very deep, lobes usually roundeu, style concealed at the base of the notch. 

Hab.: Rather common in the neighbourhood of Huddersfield and between Kew 

ann Richmond; probably generally distributed on the Continent. 

Obs. i. The radical leaves and stem leaves are ovate-lanceolate, entire, very 

rarely slightly dentate. 

Obs. i1. I designate provisionally under the name of Yar. macrocarpa, a 

specimen preserved in the Kew Herbarium gathered in the "alley of Kinchungunga 

(Thibet) by Mr J. E. Winterbotham in 1847 at an altitude of 7500 

feet. The silicIes are three times as large as in the type, notch very deep, style 

almost wanting; Perhaps this unique specimen is merely an accidental form. 

6. C. HISPIDA. 

Sepals almost equalling the petals. Silicles twice as long as broad, sides 

concave; notch rather deep, style short, not reaching the summit of the lobes. 

Pedicels spreading. equalling the silicles. Hab.: Orient. 

Obs. i. Plant very small, 2-3 inches high, stem bristling with whitish hairs. 

very rigid, radical leaves pinnatifid or sublyrate, with stiff white hairs intermixed 

with stellate ones. 

Obs. ii. Two specimens of this form are preserved in the Kew Herbarium. 

One of them bears the following label:~"CoL Chesney Exped. to the Euphrates. 

No. 43. Port William, March 1836. On Mesopotamia side." The other 

specimen is labelled :~ .. Bagdad, April 1862. Dr .schHifi. 

Mott in the Flora Leicester 16-18, 1886 (see Rep. B.B.C. 317, 

1915) givas figuras of the fruits, and describes eight varieties. 

These are gracilis? densifolia, stenocarpa-lyrata, stenocarpacoronopifolia, 

brachycarpa, rwbellaeformis, macrophylla, 'and 

bifida. He says "they cannot be rega,rded as more than mere 

va,rieties 

they are all linked together by innumerable 

intermediates and probably no one of them would come true from 

seed sown under varying conditions" (sic). He goes on to say tha.t 

"Leicestershire specimens do not agree precisely with the 

descriptions in Hobkirk's Memoir any more than he found specimens 

agreeing precisely with Jordan's diagnoses, which he thinks 

indicates that the forms are of a tempora,ry and unceI1ain 

character, much influenced by local conditions." 

Rouy & Foucaud (Fl. Fr. ii. 94, 1893) give seven varieties based 

on fruit characters, The following is the clavis ;~

1. { 


Silic. sensiblement plus longues que larges au sommet, plus ou 

mains sensiblement attenuees a la base ............................ .. 

Silic. aussi larges OH presque allssi larges au sommet que longues 

2. {;;;ili'C. profondement echancrees, a lobes depassant le style .......... 

Silic. it echancrure peu profonile ........................................... 

3. 

4. 1 

Silic. renfiees, longnement cuneiformes, etroites, tres attenuees it 

la base; 10besldeJI'echancrnre oblongs ......... var. STENOCARPA Orep. 

Silic. obcordees-cuneiformes, moins longuement attennees a la 

base, grandes (7-8 mm. de long sur 5-6 de large); lobes de 

l'echancrure oblongs ............................ var. lIIACROCARPA Albert. 

Silic. plus petites, obcorMes-cuneiformes, peu attennees a la 

base; lobes de l'echancrure ovales ................................. .. 

................................................... var. SABULOSA (Jord.) R. & F. 

{ Petales presque deux fois plus longs que le calice; style exsert; 

I silic. relativement larges, obcordees-cuneiformes ............. .. 

Pet~i~";i6p~~;~~tj' ~~i~~"i~~g~~~~~t'i:ar~a~i~~~R~t~re(Ji~~1Js~' & F. 

silic. assez etroites, regulierement cuneiformes ..................... 

................................ .. ................ var. AGBESTIS (Jord.) R. & F. 

Silic. un peu plus longues que larges, a echancrure profonde et 

_ ~ .l.~~.~~. ~v~l~~. ~e~~~~~~. ~~~~~~~ ~ .~~. ~t!~;. t;~A:~~~t(J ~;d"i ·R. & F. 

D. Silic. aussi larges que longues, a echancrure tres courte et tres 

{ obtuse; lobes ovales depasses par 1e style; port effile .......... 

....................................... ............ var. VIRGATA (Jord.) R. & F. 

In the text the authors also refer to sub·var 8ubacaulis, cane8cens, coronopijolia ,/ 

and apetala. 

In 1897 a plant was found in the market-place at Landau in 

Germany differing from Bursa pastoris in having the silicles 

elliptical in longitudinal section and circular in cross section instead 

o·f fla.t and obcordane or triangular. It was submitted to 

Count Solms-Laubach, who was at first inclined to refer it to 

Gamelina, and this too was Ascherson's opinion. Cultures, however, 

soon indicated its relationship to Bursa pastoris,. and in 

1898 several reversions to it were observed. Later Solms-Laubach 

(Bot. Zeit. 58, 167-190, 1900) published the plant as Gapsella 

H eegeri. This plant, appeaxing as it did in so well investigated 

an area, led De Vries (Die Mutationstheorie .477, 1901) to quote it 

as an instance of mutation: Itsorigin'al station wa,s soon destroyed 

owing to the market-place being covered with' gra,vel, but in 1905 

La.uoort found it along the Dahlem turnpike.' Whether this was :t 

second insta,nce of mutation or whei;her, as more likely, it originated 

from an unprotected bed where Bursa H eegeri was grown a.t Dahlem 

several hundreds of metres away is not cert,ain. When H eegeri IS 

crossed with B'Ursapastoris all the offspring resemble the la,tter, but 

2 

5 

;~ 

4

------·- - - --- 


in the next generation a number of the individuals are pure 

H eegeri, and there are no intermediates. 

Lotsy (VorZes iiber Deszendenzthwrien pp. 179-181) in 1906 first 

publicly recognilsed that Bl1,{f'Sa past01'is is a compound species, a,nd 

he showed that three families bred true. 

G. Harrison Shull, in a publication of the Carnegie Institution, 

-VVashington, No. 112, 1909, gives an account of Bursa pastoris, B. 

H eegeri: Biotypes ,and Hybrids, the result of his studies. Bur8{J. 

pasto1"is, he says, has probably been introduced from Europe to 

North America, but is now completely naturalised and almost universally 

distributed throughout the North Temperate Zone. (At 

one t,ime it was cultivated nea,r Phila,delphia as a salad.) This 

species was chosen by Dr Shull for pedigree culture on account of its 

well-known and strikingly polymorphic character, its hardiness. 

ease of culture, and the impossibility of itg having been subjected 

to any of the artificia'i conditions of isolation, crossing, etc., which 

are uSlually t.hought to render plants of economic value unfit to give 

information regarding the behaviour of plants in nature. The 

cultures were begun in April 1905 and continued till 1907. In 

one group plants of the fourth genera,tion a,nd a few of the fifth 

have been under observation. Dr Shull find,s that while certain 

va,riations which were selected disappear in the first or second 

generation, others remain constant; and show easily recognised 

differentiating marks except in one form, and no transgression of 

the cha,ra.cteristic features ()f any other forms studied. The,se forms 

are therefore di-stinctelementary species or biotypes, ea.ch 

characte,rised by certain constant featu'res and each with its own 

normal range of fluctuating variability. Dr Shun is content with 

naming four elementary specie!s whose di'stinctiveness and permanence 

he ha,s demonstrated beyond doubt, their hybrid combinations 

ha,ving also been carefully studied. He had under oooervat,ion 

twenty pedigreed families, including 26,900 individuals of Bursa 

pastoris, two small families of B. Heegeri, and five families representing 

reciprocal crosses between these two species, and involving 

over 2,500 individual-so All the cultures_were unde,r glass. The 

seeds, which germinate in five to eight days, were sown in sterilised 

soil, and grown in three or four inch pots. The flowers are ada,pted 

to both cross and self-fertilisation, the latter being most effective.


Le,ss than one per cent. of the plants raised from wild seeds showed 

evidence of crossing between different biotypes. Of the twenty-one 

original culturelS t,wo proved to· be of hybrid origin. Self-fertilisation 

takes place before the petallS spread so it is necessary to remove 

the ,stamens about a day before the buds open. The four pure 

biotypes described are mainly distinguished from eaeh other by the 

characteristic lobing of the leaves. He names these BURSA PASTOlUS 

HETEIUS, TENUIS, RHOMBOIDEA and SIMPLEX. HETERIS has the 

leaves divided to the midrib, the terminal lobe being usually separated 

from the nearest lateral lobes by deep, clear-cut incisions. 

The lateral lobes consist essentially of two features-an elongated 

attenuate portion, " the primary lobe," and a more or less rounded 

or angular portion, " the secondary lobe" in the distal axis of the 

primary lobe. The descriptions are taken from the climax leaves 

sincethe young leaves of all the species are unlobed. (See Lubbock 

on Seedlings 1, 166.) TENUIS. In this the sinuses are relatively 

shallow, rarely extending nearly to the midrib in the strongly developed 

individuals. The terminal lobe is not separated from the 

nearest lateral lobes by deep, clear-eut sinuses. All the lateral lobes 

tend to be more or less slender, elongated and acute. RHOMBOIDEA. 

Like heteris this has the leaves undivided to the midrib and possesses 

a similar, more or less rhombic, terminal lobe set off by deep 

sinuses from the nearest lateral lobes. The terminal portion of the 

lateral lobes has, in well-developed specimens, a nearly rhombic 

form. SIMPLEX. This resembles tenuis in that the sinuses never 

reach the midrib but differ in having mostly simple, rounded or triangular, 

acutish, un incised lobes, not attenuate. 

Thus we see: (1) That from priority of publication and 

a consistent usage by the majority of botanists for nearly three 

centuries the correct generic name is BURSA. This was adopted in 

N. E. Brown's Suppl. to English Botany and by Groves in his 

edition of Babington's Manual, &c. (2) That Capsella is of later 

date and in its formation transgresses a botanical rule. (3) That 

from early times the variability of the Shepherd's Purse has been 

observed. Such early writers as Caspar Bauhin and Dillenius hac'! 

three segregates and their views were followed by De Candolle ancl 

Crepin. Jordan describes four species, Hobkirk six sub-species. 

Mott nine varieties, Rouy & Foucaud seven varieties and four sub-


varieties, and Shull four species. Almquist later names sixty-five 

elementary species. Hobkirk and Rouy base their characters on the 

fruit and flower, Shull, on those derived from the leaf, and Mott, on 

fruit, flower and leaf-characters. 

Another variety, parvUlCf Beck., is also included in my List. 

Records, too, of C. gracilis Gren. and C. rubella Reut. have been 

made for Britain but it is highly probable that in the former case 

plants with abortive capsules or even hybrids have been mistaken 

for Grenier's plant which some botanists assert is itself a hybrid 

of B. pastaris and rubella, while no authentic evidence exists as to 

the occurrence of the latter in Britain. 

It has been customary to ignore the variations of Bursa and 

statements, often very dogmatic, have been made on the plasticity 

of these plants which are said to be influenced by soil and exposure. 

There has been no scientific evidence brought forward to uphold these 

pronouncements. Soil and exposure, as. with other plants, influence 

the size of the Shepherd's Purse, but we lack precise information 

as to their influencing the fruit form. * It is quite certain that 

we have several forms which breed true and :t:ecent careful experiments 

go to prove that these are micro or elementary species at 

least on the level with many Hieracia, Cochleariae or Euphrasiae. 

We are indebted to Dr Ernst Almquist for his most painstaking 

experiments, the results of which were published in the Act. Hart. 

Berg. for 1907. Here he supplies 65 photographs of as many elementary 

species which he has· cultivated. He grew 206 gatherings 

from Sweden and 164 from other parts of Europe, 4 being from 

England. His experiments were conducted in the open air, with 

the plants unguarded, for usually two to four generations, and he 

states that after this length of time the cultures had either died out 

or were no longer pure, owing he thinks to crossing with other 

elementary species. We are now indebted to him for the following 

.descriptions of the species which he has since cultivated. 

" For instance, Timbal Lagrave (Gard. m,ron. 379, 1874) alleges that" in 

particular spots Bursa does not vary; elsewhere under climatal conditions the 

plant beeomes dwarfed." He says "if sufficient heat, light, and moisture are 

present the stem grows rapidly, :{io" ers produce seed; but if these conditions are 

deficient and the weather cold, the plant remains apparently stationary. But 

during the apparent arrest the stems may assume different direction, the seedpods 

another form. so that a different habit ensues; also difference of tint is 

induced by variation in temperature or by alterations oflight, moisture, or heat."

-, 


THE ENGLISH CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS (L.). 

ERNST ALMQUIST, M.D. (Stockholm). 

Studies of CapseUa B.-p. are difficult and demand much time. 

First it is necessary to enquire ·whether in the great confusion of 

varieties constant species really are to be found. This question I 

have already cleared in 1907. Among 370 races from different countries 

I was able to find at least 70 species that remained constant in 

culture during two or three generations. At present I have published 

descriptions of 200 constant forms. 

Then it is quite necessary to find out the series of forms for each 

species. For this purpose cultures are absolutely essential. Really 

Reduced ~. 

Plate 2. C. A~GLICA; October; rosette, end lobes cuneatiform. 

most of the species pass through a whole series of forms, partly depending 

on the soil, climate and other exterior relations, as for 

instance in the size of leaves and fruits, the height of the stem and 

the number of branches. But most of the differences'within a species 

depend on the inbred qualities. Some species, especially those that

~~-'~~~'-~~~ ~-'~'''-'''''''--'"--'''--~''''- 

, 

194 BURSA, PASTORIS WEBER. 

braces almost all Capsellas with straight lateral margins and moderate 

depth of the notch, whatever is the form of the leaves, &c. 

Taking into account both leaves and capsules Mott found" among 

a considerable number of specilllens collected in this county the 

following extreme forms sufficiently uistinguishable, while the rest 

run in between them with a complexity of cross characters, which 

defies classification." Mott gives a cut showing 7 forms of capsules 

and describes 8 varieties (Flora of Leiceste'rshi're 1886). 

Through Professor V. B. Wittrock I have received seeds of 

Capsellas from some British Botanical gardens. Dr G. C. Druce has 

several times sent ine clrieu specimens, and Mr C. E. Britton has also 

sent excellent collections from Surrey. Both gentlemen kindly 

assisted m~ with the literature. In this way it has been possible for 

me to deal with the British Capsellas. 

I give here the descriptions of 18 species 0,£ CapseUa B.-p. Two 

of them are new and 16 \veredescribed before in Acta H orti Bergiani 

1£)07 and 1921. 

I hope that my little study may be well received and may increase 

the interest in this neglected plant and th1:lt it will soon be followed 

by investigations of all the British forms of Capsella B.-p. 

METHOD. 

:For the description of a species I use only one race, but mention 

the othm's that are related as "similar: forms." They may be 

identical, but I have not cultivated them long enough to be quite 

sure. The description of the capsules concerns the ripe ·fruit 

~Rep. B.E.C. 324, 1915; 490, 1918). I seldom mention if a species 

has medium size of stem or leaves, if the rosettes do not bud in 

autumn, if petals exist, and other qualities that as a general rule 

belong to almost all Capsellas. Lastly I wish to remind the reader 

that th~cultivated and the wild Capsellas are quite the same. For 

the ~nethods of cultivation I refer to my two former pamphlets. 

TERMINOLOGY. 

Caulis bifida = stem and branches almost of the same size. 

Caulis foliosa = stem uncommonly rich in leaves.

I 

# 

- ----' 

BURSA PASTORIS WEBER. 

195 

Silicula scoliotica = lateral margins scoliotic, oblique. 

Silicula cardiaca = cardiac form of the 1>lotch. 

Folium cuneatum=the point or terminal lobe cuneatiform (Plate 2). 

FoliUl~ kyphoticum = the lobes kyphotic, gibbous (Plate 3). 

Folium lunulatum = the lobes lunulate (Plate 4). 

Sa. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

individuals germinating in spring or summer, fructiferous 

the same year. 

Plate 4. 

C. RHENANA ; October; rosette with lunulate lobes, at last 

kyphotic, filiform. 

[This will be described in next year's Report.] 

Wa. individuals germinating in autumn or summer, fructiferous 

the next year. 

Wr. = rosette that remains through the winter. 

8 x 6, &c. = capsules 8 mm. long, 6 mm. broad.

---.---- .... 

195 BURSA PASTOlUS WEBER. 

H.B. 

Hortus Botanicus. 

Sponte = spontaneous, not cultivated, wild. 

1. and II. = my pamphlets 1907 and 1921, mentioned above. 

Classes I.-XII. = the class where the species is inserted in my 

pamphlet 1921. 

Regarding the photographs it may be observed that in the Swedish 

climate the capsules from June belong to wa., from July and August 

to sa. They are all, with the exception of Plate 2, which is reduced 

-2-, reproduced in the natural size. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 

I. Capsules very convex; notch mostly deep (except C. laevigata) 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) MEDITERRANEA E. At. (11. p. 87, class XII.). 

(Plate 5.) 

Radical leaves of medium size, sinuate, usually pinnatifid; lobes 

broad, often kyphotic, not seldom very narrow and acuminate; stem 

leaves mostly entire, indented; leaves sometimes very hairy; stem 

firm, branched, foliosa, bifida; capsules 8-9 x 6 or 7-8 x 5-6, the 

form changing; wr. numerous, in my cultures usually not budding, 

pinnatifid; lobes broad, soon kyphotic, then very narrow; terminal 

lobes hardly ever cuneatiform. 

In the environs of Cannes, very common. 

Rouen, H.B. and different places in Surrey, C. 

Similar form frDm 

E. Britton. Jordan 

previously cultivated at Lyon a species, C. praecox, that possesses 11 

great many of the distinguishing features of C. mediterranea, even 

the brown spots on the stem and elsewhere; capsules 7 x 6. It is 

probably the same form. 

CAPSELLA B.-P. (L.) BATAVORUME .. At. (II. p. 88, class XII.). 

(Plate 5.) 

Leaves entire, sinuate, often pinnatifid, with rather triangular 

lobes; stem low, bifida; stem leaves scarcely indented; capsules 5 by 4, 

sometimes 7 x 5-0; wr. sm~ll, often budding, entire or sinuate, 

finally pinnatifid with broad lobes, the terminal often cuneatlform. 

It differs from C. mediterranea in all its parts being smaller, and


in the leaves being much more entire. I have never seen long, thin 

lobes. In culture'both species are constant. I do not know all the 

forms of them, anll am therefore unable to recognise all individuals 

that belong to this group. 

Cultivated from Leyden, Liege and Paris. Similar plants from 

Zurich, and from London, Surrey, Oxford, and other places. 

Plate 5. 

a-O. MEDITERRANEA; January bis spont., June, July. 

b-O. BATAVORUM ; July, June. 

c-O. BRITTONII ; July, September spont., June spont. 

d-O. LAEVIGATA; August, July. 

e-O. SEJlilIRUBELLA ; August spont. bis. 

eSt Brelade's, Jersey, 1919, Druce; Bournemouth, S. Hants, 

1905, Miss Palmer; near Kingston, Coombe Park, Surrey, Britton 

(as brachycarpa); Coombe Lane, Surrey, Britton (agrees with 

agrr-stis Jord.); Acton, Middlesex (as densifolia); near South Park 

Road, 1905 [0.815]; site of aerodrome, Oxford Parks [Wo 20], (as 

macrocarpa); Woodstock, Oxon (as agrestis), and Steeple Asion (as 

bifida); Hardingstone, Northants, 1873, Druce ; Humberstone and 

Scraptoft, Leicester, Horwood [B. 17] (as brachycarpa) and [B. 18] 

(as densifolia), see Report 1915; Aberdare, Glamorgan, 1912, 

Riddelsdell, see Report 1912; Millers Dale, Derby, 1907, Druce; 

Barrow-in-Furness, Lumb, see Report 491, 1918; Edinburgh, Arbroath, 

Forfar, 1915, Druce. A somewhat remarkable point connected 

with the above is that the O. 815 gathering from the wall near 

South Parks Road, adjoining the Parks, was made in 1905, that of


W. 20 was from close to the same place in 1919. An aerodrome had 

been built on the site and after its removal the ground was covered 

with a mass of Shepherd's Purse of the same form, batavorum, which 

grew close to the spot fourteen years before. It may be added that 

the Rardingstone specimen was named by Mott as his brachycarpa. 

Mr C. E. Brittop all;lo has it from West Barnes [1961]; Cottenham 

\ Park, Wimbledon, Surrey, and Rayes C~mmon, W. Kent.] 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) LAEVIGATA E. At. (ll. p. 81, class X.). 

(Plate 5.) 

Leaves broad and long, entire, sinuate to pinnatifid, with long, 

broad, triangular lobes, sometimes indented; stem firm, high, foliosa, 

mostly branched upward; capsules broad, convex, with the lateral 

margins rather parallel, notch usually shallow, sometimes deeper, 

with rounded lobes, 7-8 x 5-6 or 6-7 x 7-5. 

In all parts lar'ger than the following. 

Cultivated from the environs of Stockholm, North Sweden and 

Finland. C. E. Britton has, as it seems, sent the same beautiful 

form from Surrey. Similar forms also from Treves and Cannes, but 

probably not identical. 

[New MaIden, Surrey [1965], see Report 489, 1918; Molesey 

[573], Merton, Surrey [1947], Britton; Chute, Wilts, Druce; Narborough, 

Leicester, Horwood.] 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) BRITTONII E. At. (11. p. 87, class XL). 

(Plate 5.) 

Leaves sinuate to pinnatifid; lobes long, broad, acuminate, at the 

base sometimes incised, but scarcely indented except in autumn; stem 

rather short, firm; capsules long, very convex, 7-8 x 7-5, notch deep, 

lobes ± acute. 

C. E. Britton sent many individuals from Surrey, and I have 

cultivated several of them. I have also cultivated similar forms. 

·from Riga and Reval, and received specimens from Zurich, Brussels 

and Cannes. 

[Castle Hedingham, N. Essex, 1915 [0. 802], Druce. This 

struck me at the time as distinct and Britton thought although 

" allied to agrestis it seemed to merit an appropriate name" which 

it has now received. Chute, S. Wilts, 1915, Druce (as densifolia);


Light!lOrne, Warwick, Miss Palmer; Banbury, Oxon; Middleham, 

W. Yorks, 1916, Waterfall; St Cyrus, Kincardine, 1916, Druce; 

Furness Abbey, 1918, Lumb. The first was thought to be stenocarpa-lyrata, 

the second from Abbey Road, «ensifolia, see Report 

490, 1918. Haroldswick, Dnst, 1865, Tate. Mr C. E. Britton has 

, it from the side of a path, Blue House, Merton, Surrey, 1891, see 

Report 489, 1918, and West Barnes, Surrey. N arborough', Leicester 

[B. 1], Horwood (as stenocarpa-coronopifolia), see Report 523, 1915. ] 

n. Capsules broad, forming an isosceles triangle, lateral margins 

rather straight. 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) DRUOEANA E. At. (H. p. 51, class 1.). 

(Plate 6.) 

Radical leaves broad, usually entire, pedicels rather long; stem 

leaves a little indented; stem firm, bifida, foliosa; capsules short, 

broad, 7-8 x 6-7, lateral margins tolerably straight, notch deep, lobes 

divergent. They are before ripening concave, often oblique. Some 

individuals have the capsules rather convex. Wr. large, budding, 

leaves broad, entire, elliptic with long pedicels, soon ± deeply incised; 

end lobes scarcely cuneatiform. 

Cultivated from Oxford and Surrey, also from H.B. at Edinburgh, 

Leyden, Louvain and Hamburg. 

The sub-species C. bifida of Crepin and Hobkirk has capsules like 

those of C. Drucem1,a, but the leaves are not described. Mott's v. 

bifida seems to be the same form as mine, also the leaves are similar. 

In my cultures from one individual I observed capsules of different 

forms, the lateral margins straight or convex, like v. macrophylla. I 

possess forms with broad capsules and straight margins, at the same 

time with large leaves. The capsules belong to v. bifida, the leaves 

perhaps partly to v. macrophylla. I think that C. Druceana embraces 

at least a part of the last form. Also I believe v. rub,ellaefarmis 

may partly belong to C. Druceana. Cf. Rep. B.E.C. 319, 322, 

1915. 

My species, C. cuneifalia, from Antwerp was cultivated for four 

years. The wa., that is the wr. and the individuals in spring, seem 

to be clea!'ly different from C. Druceana as the end lobes are cuneate.

200 BURSA PAS1.'ORIS WEBER. 

the capsules narrower, 7 -S x 5-6, and the lateral margins straight. 

The sa. seem to be rather conformable to C. Druceana. I cannot draw 

any limits. Perhaps I shall be able to find them in continued 

cultures. Perhaps also, more species exist in this group. 

l~ T ~ .. ~ ~T 

iCG 6 c 

Plate 6. 

a-C. CONCAVA; September, July, June. 

b-C. DRUCEANA; July, June. 

c-C. PROVINCIALIS; July, June. 

d-C. ANGLICA; August, June. 

e-C. RUBELLA; July, June, March spont. 

[-C. PATAGONICA; July. 

g-C. SOOLIO-CASPICA; July bis, June. 

[This is an excellent and very remarkable species, and apparently 

the most common in Britain. The original specimen sent 

from Oxford has been cultivated since 1916. It is represented in 

Herb. Druce from Noirmont, Jersey, 1851, Piquet; Castle Hedingham, 

N. Essex, 1915, Druce; West Barnes, Merton, 1919, Britton 

(as macrophylla); Frogmore, Berks, lS95, Druce; Botley, Oxford 

Bot. Gard. [933], (as bifida), (thought by Mott to be not quite 

typical bifida but approaching macrophylla); Steeple Aston, lS97; 

my own garden at Oxford [0. 951J (as bifida) and [0. SOlJ Oxford 

Botanic Garden, a macrophyllan form, see Report 1915. This has 

persisted for thirty years. Hailey, Binfield, 1882, Druce; Kings 

Weston Down, West Gloster, White (as bifida), see Report 1890; 

Humberstone [R 4, B. 14, B. 20] as rubellaeformis, [B. 9, B. 19]


as bifida, [B. 7J as brachycarpa, [B. 18J as densifolia, [B. 6J as 

. stenocarpa-lyrata, Leicester, Horwood; Leicester (as rubellaeformis) 

[15J, Wade; My ton, Warwick, Bromwich (as integrifolia); Kirkby, 

S. Lancs, Wheldon (as agrestis), see Report 319, 1915; Walton, 1913, 

Wheldon (as integrifolia), see Report 452, 1913; garden-weed, 

Dalton-in-Furness, 1915, Lumb, referred to bifida in Report 319, 

1915; Wigginton, Oxford, Riddelsdell, see Report 319, 1915; 588, 

1916. Mr C. E. Britton has it from many localities in Surrey, e.g., 

Merton [1923J, Molesey Hurst [571J, and West Barnes [1963J, see 

Report 489, 1918.J 

Ill. Capsules concave or oblique. 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) CONCAVA E. At. (1. p. 12; Il. p. 51, class 1.). 

(Plate 6.) 

Radical leaves broad or narrow, entire, sinuate, sometimes indented 

or pinnatifid, lobes often kyphotic; stem firm, usually low, 

bifida, foliosa; wr. numerous, often budding, the leaves as mentioned, 

the end lobes often cuneate; capsules 8 x 6, always concave 

and attenuate at the base, notch moderate, very open. 

Cultivated from Portugal, South Italy, California and Parana. 

Specim·ns from New MaIden, Surrey, gathered in May (Britton), 

have small but concave capsules. From the seeds I got rather typical 

C. concava. 

It is likely that Mott partly describes this species as v. rubellaeformis. 

Cf. Rep. B.B.C. 322, 1915. 

CAPSELLA B.-p .. (L.) REUTERI E. At. (1. p. 19; Il. p. 53, class 1.). 

This species from Besanyon, H. B., agrees with the well known C. 

rubella Reuter, but has entire or sinuate leaves and is not spoiled by 

frost in winter. The form of the capsules, the small petals and small 

seeds distinguish these species from all other Capsellas. Capsules 

6-7 x 5-6; sa. longer; wr. not budding. 

G. C. Druce has sent me a few small individuals with similar 

capsules and leaves, but it seems that the petals are a little longer. 

They were collected in the cobblestones in front of houses at S. 

Zeal in Devonshire in August 1919, by the Rev. H. E.

202 BUI\SA PASTORIS WEBER. 

Fox. I also possess a similar form from London, N.. W. It is possible 

that they belong to C. Reutr-ri or to some hybrid of C. rubella. If 

true, it is interesting, so much more as C. E. Britton has not seen 

any form from Britain that he would refer to Reuter's species 

(Report 322, 1915). In the museums I have seen different forms 

labelled C. rubella that probably are hybrids. 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) PATAGONIOA E. At. (II. p. 52, class 1.). 

(Plate 6.) 

Leaves rather small, pinnatifid, often incised or kyphotic, sometimes 

sinuate and indented; stem not high, slender; capsules very 

scoliotic, concave, up to 9-10 x 6-7, notch deep, lobes long; wa. capsules 

smaller, from 6 x 6 to longer, notch shallower; wr. numerous, 

not large, seldom budding, leaves pinnatifid, lobes a little rounded. 

kyphotic, end lobes scarcely cuneate. 

Cultivated from Patagonia (Dusen); similar forms also from 

Cannes and H.B. at Strassburg and N antes, and in Italy and Portugal. 

One similar specimen also from Wigginton, Oxon, 1916, H. J. 

Riddelsdell. 

Jordan's species, C. sabulosa, cultivated at Lyon, perhaps belongs 

to C. patagonica. The characters agree-capsules 5-6 x 5, in the 

lower parts being very narrow, lobes oval and leaves sm~ll. 

C. provincialis E. At., from Cannes, agrees with this species, but 

the capsules have slight convex or straight lateral margins, 8-10 x 6. 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) ANGLICA E. At. (II. p. 52, classL). (Plate 6.) 

Radical leaves rather narrow, sinuate or pinnatifid, incised and 

indented, with broad, obtuse lobes; pedicels short; stem firm, of 

medium height, bifida, foliosa; capsules a little concave and scoliotic, 

up to 10 x 6, wa. 7 x 6, lateral margins almost straight, notch shallow, 

cardiac; with rounded lobes; wr. large and numerqus, often 

budding, leaves already described, end lobes often cuneate; in the 

spring pinnatifid with narrow, kyphotic lobes. 

Cultivated from H.B. at Cambridge and from Brussels, where I 

found the same form. Similar forms also cultivated from H.B. at 

Rouen and Leyden, lastly from Oxford (Druce), and London. 

This species I hav6 not found in literature.C. Druceana has 

broader capsules, with deeper notch, not attenuate at the base and


the leaves have a tendency to form rather broad ellipses with rounded 

ends and long pedicels. C. anglica has leaves often elongated to 

acute, pointed at both ends; capsules a little scoliotic. 

[Hailey [0. 995J, Botley [0. 817J, Hort. Oxon. 1913 (named 

bifida by Mott); Tenby, Pembroke, Druce; Humberstone, Leice"ter, 

Horwood (as c-uneata); Wimbledon Park, Hook, Surrey, [193J, 

Britton.J 

CAPSELLA B.-P. (L.) TURONIENSIS E. At., n. sp. (class n.). 

(Plate 7.) 

Leaves entire, indented or sinuate, '± incised but seldom pinnatifid, 

lobes often acute; stem low, slender, somewhat branched; capsules 

7 -8 x 5-6, lateral margins rather scoliotic, a little concave or convex, 

with the lobes partly jutting out, notch open and shallow; wa. 

shorter, perhaps less oblique; wr. very small, sometimes budding; 

leaves entire, not acuminate, incised, a few partly pinnatifid. 

Cultivated from H.B. at Nantes and Tours. Similar form also 

from Ghent. 

Plate 7. 

a-C. BELGICA; June, July. 

b-C. TURONIENSIS; June, August. 

The


CAPSELLA B.-P. (L.) BELGICA E.At., n. sp. (class n.). (Plate 7.) 

Radical leaves entire and sinuate or pinnatifid; lobes broad, 

acuminate, denticulate; stem leaves partly broad in both the mentioned 

forms; stem not high, very branched, bifida, foliosa, a little 

slender; capsules scoliotic, rather convex downwards, thin, notch 

shallow, 8-9 x 5; wr. large, numerous, lobes broad, then rather narrow, 

acuminate, very toothed, partly kyphotic. 

This good species I found at Brussels and Treves. It is likely to 

be found in England. 

CAPSELLA B.-P. (L.) SEMIRUBELLA E. At. (11. p. 59, class IlL). 

Radical leaves pinnatifid, lobes acuminate, kyphotic or lunulate; 

stem of medium size, weak or firm, low specimens in autumn; wr. 

numerous, lobes as mentioned; stem leaves toothed; capsules scoliotic 

and concave, notch shallow, cardiac, 8 x 5-6, in the autumn 6 x 5, 

notch deeper (Plate 5). 

From Moerstrand, on the west coast of Sweden. Similar forms 

from Bremen and Brussels. Especially in autumn they are similar, 

but in the other seasons the capsules are 6-7 x 4-5, and the leaves are 

often lunulate. This should be looked for in. England .. 

, 

I 

! 

IV. 

Capsules small, narrow, notch shallow or absent, lateral margins 

rather straight. 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) GALLICA E. At. (I. p. 74; n. p. 64, class IV.). 

(Plate 8.) 

Radical leaves pinnatifid, with acuminate lobes, often " short, 

closely pinnatifid in a dense rosette; " stem leaves rather numerous, 

incised, pinnatifid or entire; stem usually low, firm, bifida; capsules 

6 x 4, notch shallow, cardiac, lateral margins straight or convex; 

wr. numerous, usually small; lobes broad, then 'narrow and incised 

or kyphotic .. 

Cultivated from Lille, H.B. C. E. Britton has sent from Merton, 

Surrey, several specimens, partly labelled v. densifolia, that belong 

to C. gallica. I have cultivated some of them-sa. capsules 6 x 5, 

leaves rather entire. Similar forms also from Middleham, W. 

Yorks, 1916 (Charles Waterfall), and from Hevington (A. R. Horwood).

BURSA PASTORIS WEBE~. 205 

Mott's v. densifolia and v. brachycarpa may both, at least partly, 

belong to C. gallica; also Jordan's C. virgata-capsules 5 x 5. 

eSt Helier, Jersey, 1906, Druce; Coverack, Cornwall, 1910, Rev. 

H. E. Fox (referred by me to densifolia, by Marshall to cuneata); 

Ridgeway, Berks, 1895, Druce; Merton, Surrey, Britton (as 

gracilis); Oxford, 1898, Druce; Kibworth, Leicester, Horwood (as 

rry ,~, 

I, I 

-0 . Co 

Plate 8. 

a-C. GALLICA; May spont. 

b-C. ABSCISSA; October, August, June. 

c-C. BREJIlENSIS ; June. 

, 

: 

stenocarpa-coronopifolia) and [No. 1924J as densifolia; [B. 26, 

B. 35J, Edinburgh, Druce; Middleham, W. Yorks, 1916, Waterfall. 

Mr C. E. Britton has it from West Barnes, Surrey [1942 A.J ; Boxted, 

N. Essex [1084 J, G. C. Brown, see Report 558, 1916.] 

CAPSELLA B.-P. (L.) BREMENSIS E. At. (1. p. 34; H. p. 71, class 

V1.). (Plate 8.) 

Pinnatifid or sinuate; lobes triangular or narrow, incised and 

kyphotic; stem firm, bifida, branches long; capsules 6-7 x 4-5, notch 

almost absent, lateral margins rather straight; wr. numerous, leaves 

as mentioned. 

From Bremenhaven cultivated, often apetalous. From Bru~sels, 

Treves and Ghent similar forms, with petals. W. H. Pearsall found 

the same in Dalton-in-Furness, see Report 210, 1917, and C. E. 

Britton in Surrey. 

Mott's v. gracilis seems related, perhaps also Crepin's v. stenocarpa 

and Jordan's C. ruderalis from Rhllne-capsules 7 x 5. 

[Slapton Sands, S. Devon, 1916, Druce; Stainton, S. Lanes, 

Pearsall, in Report 480, 1918. ]


CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) ABSCISSA E. At. (11. p. 71, class VL). 

(Plate 8.) 

Pinnatifid, lobes long, acuminate, narrow until almost filiform, 

kyphotic, sometimes lunulated, in the spring partly entire; stem 

very branched, partly bifida; capsules 6-7 x 4-5, concave, notch none, 

often ·ro1.lnded on the top a,nd the lobes jutting out; sa. capsules sometimes 

longer, cuneiform, notch shallow; wr .. numerous, often budding, 

lobes soon narrow, indented. 

From Berlin and from Utrecht, much cultivated. Also from 

Lille. Charles Waterfall found a similar form in Middl~ham, 

Yorks, 1916, and C. E. Britton in Surrey. 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) TREVIRORUM E. At. (I. p. 76; H. p. 71, class 

VII.). (Plate 9.) 

Leaves pinnatifid; lobes narrow, acute, kyphotic to lunulate; 

stem of medium size, long, weak, branched; capsules 7-9 x 4-5, 

slightly convex, notch shallow, cardiac; wr. few, dying through frost 

in the Swedish winter. 

Plate 9 .. a-C."'.rREVIRORUM : July. 

b-C. ('}ERMANICA; July, June. 

c - ·C. VIMINALIS; June, July . 

. Cultivated from TreveJil and Lorraine. Similar forms from West 

Barnes, Surrey (C. E. Britton), and other places in England. 

[Abingdon, Berks, Druce, see Report, 1915, where it was confidently 

referred to Mott's densifolia; Chute, Wilts, 1915 [0. 931], 

D~uce; Slapton San'ds, S. Devon, 1916 [Po 1727J, Druce.J 

Mott's v. steno~arpa-coronopifolia may, at least partly, belong to' 

C. trevirorum, perhaps also C. agrestis Jordan-capsules 7 x 5.

~~_/ 

BURSA PASTORlS WEBER. 207 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) GERMANIC A E. At. (1. p. 76; II. p. n, class 

VI1.). (Plate 9.) 

Leaves and stern as in the preceding; capsules cuneiform with 

ah'nost straight lateral margins, 5 x 4, notch insignificant; wr. 

,numerous, able to withstand frost; lobes incised, soon narrow, 

kyphotic to lunulate. 

From Bremen and the Rhine, cultivated. C. E. Britton found 

similar individuals in Surrey. 

The leaves have much thinner lobes than C. bremensis. 

[Near Sonning, Berks, May1893 (as densifolia); Osney, Oxford, 

1885 (named cwneata by Mott), Druce; Cliftonville, Brighton, 

Sussex, 1883, E. de Crespigny (sent to the Club as rubella), see 

Report; Welwyn, Herts, 1820, Blake; Raynes Park [1925 

A.B.C.E.F.] and Hook, Surrey, May 1918 [1932], Britton.] 

CAPSELLA B.-p. (L.) VIMINALIS E. At. (1. p. 44; II. p. 72, class 

VII.). (Plate 9.) 

Leaves entire, much indented, often incised; stern firm, with 

long branches; capsules 6-7 x 4, cuneiform, notch very shallow; wr. 

numerous, entire, soon incised. 

Cultivated from Bremen. 

W a tton, N orf olk (F. Ro bins on ). 

1918. 

Similar form also cultivated from 

Of. Rep. B.E.C. 210, 1917; 490.

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