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Sitta

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Description

The nuthatches constitute a genus, Sitta, of small passerine birds belonging to the family Sittidae. Characterised by large heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet, nuthatches advertise their territory using loud, simple songs. Most species exhibit grey or bluish upperparts and a black eye stripe.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitta, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2484878	https://www.gbif.org/species/2484878
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39449	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39449

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Sittidae : Sitta

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Terrestrornithes	Livezey and Zusi 2007
-	Dendrornithes
-	Anomalogonates	Garrod 1874
-	Picoclamatores	Livezey and Zusi 2007
superorder	Passerimorphae	Sibley et al. 1988
order	Passeriformes	Linnaeus 1758
family	Sittidae	Lesson 1828
genus	Sitta	Linnæus 1758

Common Name

nuthatch

Scientific Name

Sitta Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Sitta	genus	belongs to Sittidae	stated with evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Sitta	genus	belongs to Sittidae	stated without evidence	Wetmore, 1962
Sitta	genus	belongs to Sittidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Sitta	genus	belongs to Sittidae	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (75%)

First Recorded Appearance

1.80 - 0.30 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Sittidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

insectivore (based on Sittidae)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Common Name(s)

Nuthatch, Nuthatches

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitta

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Sitta amurensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta arctica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta azurea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta bedfordi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta caesia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta canadensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Red-breasted Nuthatch	3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sitta carolinensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	White-breasted Nuthatch	1	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sitta cashmirensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta castanea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta castaneoventris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta cinnamoventris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta corallina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta corea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta europaea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta europea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta formosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta frontalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta hariabica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta hassica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta himalayensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta krueperi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta ledanti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta leucopsis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta magna species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta montium species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta nagaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta neglecta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta neumayer species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta oenochlamys species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta przewalskii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta pusilla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta pygmaea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta reichenowi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta rupicola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta saxatilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta senogalliensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Sitta siciliae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta solangiae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta syriaca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta tephronota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta victoriae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta villosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta whiteheadi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sitta yunnanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Sittella Rafinesque, 1815	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Sittidae : *Sittella*
Sitella Swainson, 1834	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Sittidae : *Sitella*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Sitta Linnaeus
1933	Sitta Lambrecht p. 641
1962	Sitta Wetmore p. 13
1982	Sitta Parmalee and Klippel p. 366
1988	Sitta Carroll
2017	Sitta Clements et al.

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Wetmore A. (1962) Notes on fossil and subfossil birds, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 145 2, 1-17

Parmalee P. W., Klippel W. E. (1982) Evidence of a Boreal Avifauna in Middle Tennessee during the Late Pleistocene, The Auk 99 2, 365-368

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 67 One hundred and two Bird names placed in the Official List of Generic Names.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1B, 177-182 (1916) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

SOF (2007) Holarktis Fåglar, version 2. SOF:s Taxonomikommittés officiella lista över Holarktis fåglar - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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