Roadside Hawk

Appearance

The Roadside Hawk is 31–41 centimetres long and weighs 250–300 grams . Males are about 20% smaller than females, but otherwise the sexes are similar. In most subspecies, the lower breast and underparts are barred brown and white, and the tail has four or five grey bars. Twelve subspecies are usually recognised and there is significant plumage variation between these. Depending on the subspecies involved, the Roadside Hawk is mainly brown or grey. It is fairly common to observe a touch of rufous on the bird's wings, specially when it is in flight. Its call is a very high-pitched piercing squeak. The eyes of adult Roadside Hawks are whitish or yellow. As suggested by its specific name , its beak is relatively large.

The Roadside Hawk may be marginally the smallest hawk in the widespread genus ''Buteo'', although Ridgway's Hawk and the White-rumped Hawk are scarcely larger. In flight, the relatively long tail and disproportionately short wings of the Roadside Hawk are distinctive. It frequently soars, but does not hover.

Naming

The subspecies and their distributions are:
⤷ ''B. m. griseocauda'' Ridgway, 1873 – Mexico south to northwest Costa Rica and west Panama .
⤷ ''B. m. conspectus'' – southeast Mexico and north Belize.
⤷ ''B. m. gracilis'' – Cozumel and Isla Holbox, near Yucatán .
⤷ ''B. m. sinushonduri'' Bond, 1936 – Bonacca Island and Roatán, off Honduras.
⤷ ''B. m. petulans'' van Rossem, 1935 – southwest Costa Rica and Pacific slope of west Panama to Tuira River, and adjacent islands.
⤷ ''B. m. alius'' – San José and San Miguel, in Pearl Islands .
⤷ ''B. m. magnirostris'' – Colombia south to west Ecuador, east to Venezuela and the Guianas, and south to Amazonian Brazil .
⤷ ''B. m. occiduus'' – east Peru, west Brazil and north Bolivia.
⤷ ''B. m. saturatus'' – Bolivia, through Paraguay and southwest Brazil to west Argentina .
⤷ ''B. m. nattereri'' – northeast Brazil south to Bahia.
⤷ ''B. m. magniplumis'' – south Brazil, north Argentina and adjacent Paraguay.
⤷ ''B. m. pucherani'' – Uruguay and northeast Argentina .

Habitat

The Roadside Hawk is common throughout its range: from Mexico through Central America to most of South America east of the Andes cordillera. It is found from the northern Caribbean coast of South America south to the northeastern parts of Argentina. With the possible exception of dense rainforests, the Roadside Hawk is well adapted to most ecosystems in its range. It is also an urban bird, and is possibly the most common species of hawk seen in various cities throughout its range – or perhaps just the most conspicuous one, as it becomes aggressive when nesting and has been recorded attacking humans passing near the nest.

Food

The Roadside Hawk's diet consists mainly of insects, squamates, and small mammals, such as young Common Marmosets and similar small monkeys which are hunted quite often. It will also take small birds, but far less often than generalists such as the related but larger White-tailed Hawk, or bird specialists like the more distantly related Aplomado Falcon. Mixed-species feeding flocks it encounters when hunting in open cerrado habitat are not particularly wary of it: they watch it lest the hawk come too close, but consider them hardly more of a threat than the diminutive American Kestrel.