Little tinamou

Appearance

The little tinamou is approximately 22 to 24 cm long and weighs 220 g. This species is a shy, secretive and solitary tinamou. Although it looks similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, it is completely unrelated to those groups. This is a dumpy bird recognized by its small size and lack of barring. It has an unbarred sooty-brown plumage, it is shaded to grey on the head and has a whitish throat. Its foreneck is brownish and it is cinnamon buff on its belly. The female has a brighter rufous brown on its under parts than the male. Its legs can be grey, olive, or yellow.

Naming

''Crypturellus'' is formed from three Latin or Greek words. ''kruptos'' meaning covered or hidden, ''oura'' meaning tail, and ''ellus'' meaning diminutive. Therefore, ''Crypturellus'' means small hidden tail.* ''C. s. meserythrus'' occurs in southern Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and northern and eastern Nicaragua.
⤷  ''C. s. modestus'' occurs in Costa Rica and western Panama.
⤷  ''C. s. capnodes'' occurs in the lowlands of northwestern Panama.
⤷  ''C. s. poliocephalus'' occurs in Pacific coastal Panama; Veraguas, Herrera, Los Santos, Coclé, and western Panamá Provinces.
⤷  ''C. s. caucae'' occurs in the Magdalena River valley of north central Colombia.
⤷  ''C. s. harterti'' occurs on the Pacific slope of Colombia and Ecuador.
⤷  ''C. s. mustelinus'' occurs in northeastern Colombia and extreme northwestern Venezuela.
⤷  ''C. s. caquetae'' occurs in southeastern Colombia; Meta Department, Caquetá, Vaupés, and Guaviare Departments.
⤷  ''C. s. nigriceps'' occurs in eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru.
⤷  ''C. s. soui'' occurs in eastern Colombia, eastern and southern Venezuela, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and northeastern Brazil.
⤷  ''C. s. albigularis'' occurs in eastern and northern Brazil.
⤷  ''C. s. inconspicuus'' occurs in northern Bolivia and central and eastern Peru.
⤷  ''C. s. andrei'' occurs in Trinidad and northern Venezuela; Falcón, Yaracuy, Carabobo, Aragua, Vargas, Miranda, northern Anzoátegui, Sucre, Monagas States, and the Venezuelan Capital District
⤷  ''C. s. panamensis'' occurs on both coasts of Panama and the Pearl Islands of Panama .

Status

The IUCN list the little tinamou as Least Concern, with an occurrence range of 9,500,000 km2.

Behavior

The little tinamou is rarely seen in its dark, dense forests, walking away through the undergrowth. It can be located by its slow whistling calls, given by both sexes. It eats seeds, berries, and some insects.

Habitat

It is a resident breeder in tropical lowland forests, rivers-edge forests, lowland evergreen forest, secondary forest, and lowland shrublands at an altitude of 2,000 m. They also are fairly successful utilizing cleared forests and plantations or farmed land. The little tinamou is located throughout central and southern Central America and northern South America, inclusive of the island of Trinidad.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the little tinamou ranges from May to October. Its nest is a small depression in forest floor, sometimes lined with a few leaves at the base of a tree or in dense brush. It usually lays two glossy dark purple coloured eggs, sometimes only one. The size of the egg is approximately 41 to 32 mm . The eggs are incubated by male. The young are precocial, and can run almost as soon as they hatch.