Strepsirrhine vocalisations are extraordinarily diverse and cross-species comparisons are needed to explore how this variability evolved. We contributed to the investigation of primate acoustic diversity by comparing the vocal repertoire of two sympatric lemur species, Propithecus diadema and Indri indri. These diurnal species belong to the same taxonomic family and have similar activity patterns but different social structures. These features make them excellent candidates for an investigation of the phylogenetic, environmental, and social influence on primate vocal behavior. We recorded 3 P. diadema groups in 2014 and 2016. From 1,872 recordings we selected and assigned 3814 calls to 9 a priori call types, on the basis of their acoustic structure. We implemented a reproducible technique performing an acoustic feature extraction relying on frequency bins, t-SNE data reduction, and a hard-clustering analysis. We first quantified the vocal repertoire of P. diadema, finding consistent...

There are distinct regional differences among the vocalizations of the White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), but only one subspecies (S. c. carolinensis) has been the subject of published vocal analyses. We used recordings made throughout the ranges of four U.S. subspecies to compare their vocalizations qualitatively and quantitatively, finding that these vocalizations may be categorized in three groups, eastern (S. c. carolinensis), interior west (S. c. nelsoni and S. c. tenuissima), and Pacific (S. c. aculeata). All four subspecies sing a simple song consisting of an evenly spaced series of overslurred notes. The rate of this song varies from <5 notes/sec to >12 notes/sec. The pitch of these songs increases from east to west, being lowest in S. c. carolinensis and highest in S. c. aculeata. Sitta c. aculeata also has an additional song unique to that taxon consisting of a series of sharply slurred, evenly spaced notes that fall, then rise, and then fall in pitch. Bot...

Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) is a non-intrusive and cost-effective method capable of providing high-resolution, long-term information on the status and health of vocal populations and communities. To successfully monitor the same species over wide geographical and temporal scales, it is necessary to characterise the range of sound variability, as well as the consistency of sound features between populations. The meagre (Argyrosomus regius, Asso 1801) is an interesting case study because recent investigations suggest a wider vocal repertoire than previously described. In this study, meagre vocalizations were recorded and analysed from a variety of settings, ranging from rearing facilities to wild populations to provide a comprehensive characterisation of its vocal repertoire, while investigating the consistency of spawning sound features between populations. All sounds presented a similar acoustic structure in their basic unit (i.e. the pulse), while an important variability was...

Herein we describe the tadpole and vocalizations of H. polytaenius (Cope, 1870) from populations of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero highlands, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and compare them with other species of the H. polytaenius clade and closely related species in the H. pulchellus group. The tadpoles differ from those of other species of the H. polytaenius clade by the shape of the body and snout in dorsal view, the degree of attachment of the spiracle inner wall to the body, and the tooth row formula 2(1,2)/3(1). The major differences from the closely related species in the H. pulchellus group refer to oral disc characteristics. Two types of calls were identified for H. polytaenius: one composed by one pulsed note and the other composed by isolated notes. Nevertheless, a call composed by two pulsed notes, possibly a territorial call, was recorded once. Comparisons of our results with those previously published for H. polytaenius from Estação Biológica da Boracéia, state of São Paulo, show differences with important taxonomic implications. The main differences in vocalizations between species of the H. polytaenius clade rely on spectral parameters. The closely related species in the H. pulchellus group present calls with increase in the intensity and longer duration than H. polytaenius. Additionally, for the purpose of comparison of the vocalizations between species from the H. polytaenius clade, we analyzed a record available of the call of H. phaeopleura.