Herpetologica, 62(4), 2006, 466–475 E 2006 by The Herpetologists’ League, Inc. A NEW SPECIES OF ANSONIA STOLICZKA, 1870 (ANURA: BUFONIDAE) FROM A LOWLAND RAINFOREST IN SOUTHERN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA L. LEE GRISMER1 Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, CA 92515-8247, USA ABSTRACT: A new, lowland species of Ansonia is described from the Endau-Rompin National Park in southern peninsular Malaysia based on having a unique eye color and dual vocal slits, as well as a unique combination of head, body, digit, and color pattern characteristics. This new species is the southernmost member of the genus in continental Asia and emphasizes the importance for additional field work in southern Malaysia. Key words: Ansonia; Bufonidae; Endau-Rompin; Malaysia AS IT IS CURRENTLY constituted, the bufonid genus Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 contains 25 species (Frost, 2004; Grismer, 2006b; Matsui et al., 2005) which, collectively, range from India to Borneo. However, much of this distribution is fragmented with isolated species occurring in southwestern India (A. ornata Günther, 1876 and A. rubugina Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1981), southern Thailand (A. inthanon Matsui, Nabhitabhata and Panha, 1998; A. kraensis Matsui, Khonsue, and Nabhitabhata, 2005; and A. siamensis Kiew, 1984), the Philippines (A. mcgregori [Taylor, 1922] and A. muelleri [Boulenger, 1887]), northern Malaysia (A. penangensis Stoliczka, 1870), central Malaysia (A. latirostra Grismer, 2006b), southeastern Malaysia on Pulau Tioman (A. tiomanica Hendrickson, 1966), and Sumatra (A. glandulosa Iskandar and Mumpuni, 2004). Ansonia are generally small, slender toads occupying primary and old secondary forests in mountainous areas up to 3000 meters in elevation. Although the adults of some species are found on the forest floor, many others are commonly observed on rocks and vegetation in the vicinity of fastflowing streams where their specialized, torrent-dwelling tadpoles (Inger, 1985, 1992) metamorphose. Ansonia has undergone a modest radiation in Borneo where 12 of the 25 species occur, 11 of which are endemic (Inger and Stuebing, 2005). Outside of Borneo, the distributions of most species are 1 CORRESPONDENCE: e-mail, lgrismer@lasierra.edu localized and many are known only from their type localities. Five species, Ansonia sp. (see Dring, 1979 and Grismer, 2006b), A. malayana Inger 1960, A. penangensis Stoliczka 1870, A. latirostra Grismer, 2006b, and A. tiomanica Hendrickson 1966 are known from West Malaysia (Fig. 1). Reported here is a previously unknown population of toad from a lowland rainforest in the Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor, first reported as Ansonia malayana or A. leptopus (voucher specimens unavailable, see Daicus and Hashim, 2004). Individuals from this population have a long tensor fascia lata muscle; lack an adductor longus muscle; have a reduced quadratojugal bone; and a welldeveloped, transverse ridge across the alate portion of the parasphenoid bone—character states which clearly place them in the genus Ansonia (Tihen, 1960). They also have characteristics not found in other species of Ansonia as well as a unique combination of character states which distinguishes them even further. Therefore, this population is described as a new species herein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field work was conducted from 24–31 August 2005 in the vicinity of Peta in the Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor. Specimens were tissued for liver, fixed in 10% formalin, and transferred to 70% ethanol. Thirty-one characters examined in all species either first-hand (Appendix) or through the literature (Berry, 1975; Boulenger, 1912; Chanda, 2002; Dring, 1979, 1984; Günther, 466 December 2006] HERPETOLOGICA FIG. 1.—Distribution of Ansonia in the Malay Peninsula and adjacent islands. 1876; Hendrickson, 1966; Inger, 1954, 1960, 1966; Inger and Stuebing, 2005; Inger et al., 2001; Iskandar and Mumpuni, 2004; Kiew, 1984; Malkmus et al., 2002; Matsui et al., 1998, 2005; Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1981; Smith, 1931; Stoliczka, 1870) are presented in Table 1. Additional measurements (fide Inger et al., 2001) on the type series taken to the nearest 0.1 mm with dial calipers under a dissecting microscope are as follows: TL— tibia length, ankle to knee while the joints are flexed; HW—head width, width at rear of head directly above tympanum; HWE—head width at anterior margin of eye; HL—head length, from posterior margin of jaw to tip of snout; SNL—snout length, from anterior margin of eye to tip of snout; SND—distance from canthus to lower margin of upper lip; ED—eye diameter, horizontal diameter of eye; IO—interorbital width; IN–internarial width; TD—tympanum diameter, length of the vertical axis; HNL—hand length from proximal edge of outer palmar tubercle to tip of third finger; and FL—footh length from proximal edge of inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of fourth toe. Osteological and myological characters were obtained through limited dissections of one specimen (ZRC 1.11557) for generic allocation. SYSTEMATICS Ansonia endauensis sp. nov. Holotype.—ZRC 1.11555, a female from Sungai Semawak (02u319640 N, 103u239860 E), 467 Peta, Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia at 46 m in elevation collected on 31 August 2005 by P. L. Wood and T. M. Youmans. Paratypes.—All three paratypes were collected at the same locality as the holotype. ZRC 1.11556 (male) was collected on 27 August 2005 by P. L. Wood; ZRC 1.11557 (female) and ZRC 1.11558 (male) were collected on 27 August 2005 by P. L. Wood and T. M. Youmans. Diagnosis.—Males reach at least 17.4 mm SVL and females reach at least 28.5 mm SVL; snout projecting beyond lower jaw; tympanum visible; absence of a large, yellow wart at angle of jaw; finger tips rounded; first finger not reaching disk of second; no tuberculate, interorbital ridges; no greatly enlarged warts on the dorsum; two phalanges of third and fifth toe free of webbing; no tarsal ridge; iris red; a vocal slit on both sides of the floor of the buccal cavity in males. Description of holotype.—Female, 28.8 mm SVL; head, body, limbs, and digits slender; head as wide as body, both relatively flat; interorbital ridges absent; snout square in dorsal profile, projecting beyond lower jaw, sloping posteroventrally to mandibular symphysis; top of snout concave, width less than interorbital width; tip of snout constricted laterally with a distinct vertical ridge; canthi sharp, weakly constricted; lores vertical; head width immediately anterior to eye slightly less than head width above tympanum; eye large, diameter slightly less than length of snout; interorbital space wider than width of upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, elliptical with a vertically long axis, long axis diameter less than horizontal diameter of eye; cranial crests absent; parotoids absent; single row of small spinose tubercles below mandibles, three rows in mental region. Fingers long, slender, not webbed, tips narrowly rounded, not wider than other phalanges nor forming discs; first finger shorter than second, tip not reaching base of tip of second when digits adpressed; subarticular tubercles present; large outer palmar tubercle; weakly developed, low, elongate, inner palmar tubercle; toes long, slender, tips narrowly rounded not wider than other phalanges nor forming discs; first toe fully webbed to base of disc, one phalanx free; 468 HERPETOLOGICA second toe with 1.5 phalanges free of web; third and fifth toes with 2 free phalanges; fourth toe with 3.5 free phalanges; subarticular tubercles weak, most prominent at bases of toes I and II; inner metatarsal tubercle low, elongate, and rounded; outer metatarsal tubercle much smaller, but distinctly raised; no tarsal ridge. All dorsal and lateral surfaces of head, body, and limbs covered with small, round tubercles most of which bear a brown, non-keratinized, tip; tubercles not arranged in rows or clusters; no enlarged tubercles in temporal or scapular regions or at angle of jaws. Coloration.—In life, dorsal surfaces nearly uniformly black; small orange spots on flanks and side of neck and head; orange spot below eye; upper and lower portions of limbs prominently barred in orange; ventral surfaces gray; no light spotting in gular region or beneath forelimbs; light spotting on belly and ventral portions of hind limbs; iris red (Fig. 2). Paratypes.—The paratypes closely approach the holotype in all aspects of morphology. ZRC 1.11556 has less spotting on the flanks (Fig. 2). ZRC 1.11558 has significantly more barring on the forelimbs (Fig. 3) and less ventral spotting overall. Both males (ZRC 1.11556, 1.11558) have vocal sac openings on both sides of the floor of the mouth, have small, poorly developed, submandibular spines and lack nuptial pads, indicating they are probably subadults. Furthermore, neither individual had enlarged testes or a stretched vocal pouch. Selected morphometric differences are presented in Table 2. Comparisons.—Ansonia endauensis differs from all other species of Ansonia in having two, as opposed to one (either right or left) vocal slits; and having a red, as opposed to a gold-brown iris. The female is relatively small, being less than 30 mm SVL thus differentiating it from females of the larger A. anotis, A. fuliginea, A. glandulosa, A. guibei, A. hanitschi, A. latidisca, A. leptopus, A. longidigita, A. mcgregori, A. muelleri, A. penangensis, A. torrentis, A. siamensis, and A. spinulifer. Ansonia endauensis females are separated from A. inthanon and A. platysoma females by having an adult SVL greater than 26 mm. Ansonia endauensis has a snout that projects beyond the lower jaw which differ- [Vol. 62, No. 4 entiates it from A. fuliginea, A. guibei, and A. latidisca whose snouts are much more truncate in lateral profile. Unlike A. glandulosa, A. latidisca, some A. leptopus, and some A. longidigita, A. endauensis lack tuberculate, interorbital ridges. Male A. endauensis have small, submandibular tubercles which are lacking in male A. albomaculata, A. anotis, A. mcgregori, A. platysoma, and A. siamensis. In A. endauensis, the tympanum is distinctly visible whereas in A. mcgregori, A. muelleri, and A. siamensis it is obscured beneath the skin and in A. anotis it is absent. The finger and toe tips of A. endauensis are round and unexpanded unlike the fingers of A. anotis, A. hanitschi, A. latidisca, A. minuta, A. siamensis and the toes of A. hanitschi and A. ornata whose tips are dilated, forming spatulate discs. Ansonia endauensis is differentiated from A. glandulosa, A. guibei, A. leptopus, A. longidigita, A. platysoma, and A. spinulifer by having a relatively short first finger that does not reach the disc of the second finger when the digits are adpressed, whereas in the latter species, it does. Ansonia albomaculata, A. mcgregori, A. minuta, A. muelleri, and A. penangensis have a tarsal ridge (relatively weak in A. penangensis) which is lacking in A. endauensis. Ansonia endauensis has low, rounded, inner and outer metatarsal tubercles which separates it from A. fuliginea, A. leptopus, A. siamensis, and A. spinulifer which lack the inner tubercle. Ansonia endauensis is separated from A. glandulosa and A. spinulifer by lacking a dorsolateral row of enlarged body tubercles, from A. siamensis by not having relatively smooth skin, from A. leptopus by lacking longitudinal rows of enlarged, dorsal tubercles; and from A. guibei by lacking a flap of skin on each side of the vent. The abdomen of A. endauensis is coarsely granular whereas in A. longidigita it is weakly tuberculate and in A. siamensis it is finely granular. Ansonia endauensis lacks the light spotting found in the gular region of A. leptopus, A. malayana, and A. platysoma, the large yellow spots found along the periphery of the gular region in A. inthanon, and the dark brown mottling found in A. kraensis. Ansonia endauensis also lacks the large, light-colored, suborbital, elongate, postorbital patches found in A. albomaculata; the light-colored, interscapular spot found in endauensis albomaculata anotis fuliginea glandulosa guibei hanitschi inthanon kraensis 28.5 17.4 1 30–35 20–28 1 52.1 37.1 1 38–44 22–36 0 / 39.7 1 34 32 0 37 32 1 23.3–25.2 22.9–25.2 1 24.0–27.9 19.9–22.3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 and 0 1 or 0 absent 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.5–2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1–1.5 3 15–2 1.5–2 1 0 1 1,2 2 3 1.5–2 0.5–1 0.5 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 small 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3.5 2 1 1 0 1 latidisca leptopus longidigita 55 35 0 45–65 30–40 1 70 50 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1,0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2.75 0.5–2.66 0.5–2 0.5–1 0 1 1 0.5 0.5–2.0 0.5–2.33 0.5–2.0 0.5–1.0 0 1 0 2 3.5 2 1 1 0 1 1 2–2.5 3–4 2–2.5 1 1 0 0 1–1,2 1–2 3 0.5–2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.5 3 1 1 1 0 1 absent 1,2,3 1 2.5 1 1 1 0 1 1 1.5–2 3 1.5–2 1 1 0 1 1,0 HERPETOLOGICA 469 SVL (female) SVL (male) snout projecting beyond lower jaw (1) or not (0) tympanum visible (1) or not (0) large yellow wart at angle of jaw present (1) or not (0) interorbital tubercular ridges present (1) or not (0) opening to vocal sac on right (1) or left (0) finger tips rounded or forming small discs (1) or expanded and spatulate (0) toe tips rounded or forming small discs (1) or expanded and spatulate (0) 1st finger reaching disk of 2nd (1) or not (0) no. of fingers with nuptial pads no. of free phalanges of 5th toe no. of free phalanges of 4th toe no. of free phalanges of 3rd toe no. of free phalanges of 2nd toe no. of free phalanges of 1st toe tarsal ridge present (1) or absent (0) inner metatarsal tubercle present (1) or absent (0) outer metatarsal tubercle present (1) or absent (0) submadibular tubercles in males present (1) or absent (0) dorsal tubercles present (1) or absent (0) dorsolateral row of enlarged tubercles present (1) or absent (0) rows of tubercles on back (1) or not (0) December 2006] TABLE 1.—Character state matrix for the species of Ansonia. / 5 data not available in literature. m 5 male 470 Table 1.— Continued. albomaculata anotis fuliginea glandulosa hanitschi inthanon kraensis latidisca 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 red 0 gold 0 / 0 gold 0 / / gold 0 gold 0 / 1 1 0 / 0 gold 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 malayana mcgregori minuta muelleri malayana 24–29 mcgregori 43–50 minuta 29 muelleri 30–38 ornata 30 20–23 24–29 1 20–23 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 32–39 43–50 1 32–39 1 0 0 0 0 0 1,0 1,0 1 1 20–24 29 1 20–24 1 1 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25–31 30–38 1 25–31 1 0 0 0 0 0 1,0 1,0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0m 1m 1 0 0 1 1 1m 1m ornata guibei leptopus longidigita gold 0 penangensis platysoma rubigina siamensis spinulifer tiomanica torrentis penangensis 37.2 platysoma 20–26 rubigina 40.5 siamensis 35 spinulifer 50 tiomanica 38.4 torrentis / 30/ 1/ 1 1 01 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 / 37.2 1/ 1 1 01 0 0 0 1 1 20–25 20–26 1 20–25 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 / 40.5 1/ 1 1 10 0 0 0 / / 1 1 28 35 281 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 41 50 1 41 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 31.2 38.4 1 31.2 1 1 10 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 30–33 / 1 30–33 1 1 10 0 0 0 1 or 0 1 or 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 / 1.5 / 1.5 1 1 1 1–1.5 1 1–1.5 0 0 / 1/ 1 0 0 / 1/ 1 1 0 0 0 02 2 0 0 1 12 2 1 1 1 no web 1 no web [Vol. 62, No. 4 SVL (female) SVL (male) (female) snout projecting beyond lower jaw (1) SVL (male) or not (0) snout projecting beyond lower jaw (1) tympanum visible (1) or not (0) or not (0) large yellow wart(1)atorangle tympanum visible not (0)of jaw present (1) wart or notat(0)angle of jaw large yellow interorbital tubercular present (1) or not (0)ridges present (1) or nottubercular (0) interorbital ridges present opening vocal (1) ortonot (0) sac on right (1) or left (0) to vocal sac on right (1) or left opening finger (0) tips rounded or forming small discstips (1) rounded or expanded and spatulate finger or forming small (0) discs (1) or expanded and spatulate toe(0)tips rounded or forming small (1) or orexpanded and toediscs tips rounded forming small spatulate discs (1)(0) or expanded and 1st spatulate finger reaching disk of 2nd (1) or (0) (0) reaching disk of 2nd (1) or 1st not finger no.not of fingers with nuptial pads (0) no. of free phalanges of 5thpads toe fingers with nuptial no. of free phalanges of 5th toe endauensis HERPETOLOGICA oblique flap of skin on each side of vent (1) or not (0) abdomen coarsely granular (1), finely granular (2) or tuberculate (0) color of iris gular spotting present (1) or absent (0) wide, light patch below eye (1) or not (0) white, postorbital patch present (1) or not (0) light spot between scapulae present (1) or not (0) light crossbars on hind limbs present (1) or absent (0) December 2006] Table 1.— Continued. mcgregori minuta muelleri penangensis platysoma rubigina 4 1m 0–1 0–1 0 1 1–2.33 1 1 1 1 1 2 1m 1 1 1 1 1–3 1 1 1 1 1 ornata / 1 / / 0 / 3 1.5 0 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 / 1 siamensis 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 / 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 / 0 1 1,2 1,2 1,2 0,1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 gold 1 0 / 0 0 0 spinulifer tiomanica torrentis web web web web 0 1 3.5 2 1 1 0 1 3.5–3.75 2 / / 0 1 1 1 1 1 / 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 / 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 / 0 0 / 0 0 / / / / 1 0 gold 1 0 / 0 0 / / 0 gold 0 0 / 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 / 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 no no no no HERPETOLOGICA no. of free phalanges of 4th toe no. of free phalanges of 3rd toe no. of free phalanges of 2nd toe no. of free phalanges of 1st toe tarsal ridge present (1) or absent (0) inner metatarsal tubercle present (1) or absent (0) outer metatarsal tubercle present (1) or absent (0) submadibular tubercles in males present (1) or absent (0) dorsal tubercles present (1) or absent (0) dorsolateral row of enlarged tubercles present (1) or absent (0) rows of tubercles on back (1) or not (0) oblique flap of skin on each side of vent (1) or not (0) abdomen coarsely granular (1), finely granular (2) or tuberculate (0) color of iris gular spotting present (1) or absent (0) wide, light patch below eye (1) or not (0) white, postorbital patch present (1) or not (0) light spot between scapulae present (1) or not (0) light crossbars on hind limbs present (1) or absent (0) malayana 471 472 HERPETOLOGICA FIG. 2.—Paratype (ZRC 1.11558) of Ansonia endauensis. A. glandulosa, A. inthanon, A. kraensis, A. spinulifer, and many A. malayana; and the red dorsum found in A. rubigina. Ansonia endauensis lacks the dark brown mottling on the belly found in A. kraensis. Like many other species of Ansonia, A. endauensis has light crossbars on the hind limbs which differentiates it from A. albomaculata, A. anotis, A. fuliginea, A. glandulosa, A. latidisca, A. ornata, A. rubigina, and A. spinulifer which lack such markings. Differences in toe webbing are presented in Table 1 as well as a summary of the aforementioned character differences. In the absence of a species level phylogenetic analysis, it is not possible to determine to which species Ansonia endauensis is most closely related. Although A. endauensis is similar to A. malayana in overall aspects of morphology (Table 1) and relatively close in geographic proximity, it differs from A. [Vol. 62, No. 4 malayana in males having a vocal slit on each side of the floor of the buccal cavity as opposed to having a single slit on the right side only; lacking a large, yellow wart at the angle of the jaw; having much smaller dorsal tubercles; having two, as opposed to 1.0–1.5 phalanges free of webbing on the fifth toe; not being sexually dimorphic in the degree of toe webbing of the third and fifth toes; lacking light spots in the gular region and a light intrascapular spot; having orange, as opposed to yellowish green crossbars on the limbs; and having a red, as opposed to a gold iris. Natural history.—All individuals were collected at night following periods of afternoon precipitation. All came from the same small, rocky stream (Sungai Semawak) which runs through a closed-canopy portion of lowland forest located approximately 5 km west of the Visitor Center at Peta. All were perched no higher than one meter above the ground on small leaves overhanging the streambed. No calling males were heard nor were any tadpoles observed. Etymology.—The specific epithet is in reference to the type locality of the EndauRompin National Park and honors the conservation and research efforts of the personnel of Johor Parks. DISCUSSION Owing to the generally small size and secretive nature of most species of Ansonia, they are not conspicuous elements of forest ecosystems in comparison to other anurans. Therefore, it is not surprising that new species FIG. 3.—Type series of Ansonia endauensis. Left to right: ZRC 1.11555 (holotype), female, SVL 28.5 mm; ZRC 1.11557, female, SVL 24.4 mm; ZRC 1.11556, male, SVL 17.3 mm; and ZRC 1.11558, male, SVL 17.4 mm. December 2006] HERPETOLOGICA TABLE 2.—Selected measurements of type series. See Materials and Methods for abbreviations. sex SVL TL HW HWE HL SNL SND ED IO IN TD HNL FL ZRC 1.11555 holotype ZRC 1.1156 paratype ZRC 1.11557 paratype ZRC 1.11558 paratype female 28.5 14 8.4 4.6 8.9 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.4 2.3 1.6 8.2 10.6 male 17.3 8.1 5.2 2.8 5.2 2.3 1.8 2 2.2 1.3 0.7 4 5.4 female 24.4 13.1 7.3 4.1 8.1 3.1 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.2 1.2 6.8 9.5 male 17.4 9.2 5.5 3.3 6.2 2.6 1.8 2.1 2.4 1.6 0.7 4.8 6.7 are still being found in areas where the frog fauna has been relatively well studied (Grismer, 2006b; Inger et al., 2001; Inger and Stuebing, 2005; Iskandar and Mumpuni, 2004; Matsui et al., 1998, 2005), as well as in other regions throughout its range. Ansonia endauensis highlights the need for additional biodiversity surveys of this relatively wellexplored portion of peninsular Malaysia (Diacus and Hashim, 2004; Kiew, 1987; Lim, 1989, Norhayati et al., 2004). In other areas of West Malaysia that have been reasonably well surveyed, new species are still being found (Rana banjarana in Bukit Larut, Fraser’s Hill, and Cameron and Genting Highlands [Leong and Lim, 2003]: Sphenomorphus sp1. in the Temengor Forest Reserve [Grismer et al., 2004]; Sphenomorphus sp.2 from Pulau Langkawi [Grismer et al. 2006a]; Pseudocalotes larutensis in Bukit Larut [Hallermann and McGuire, 2001]; Macrocalamus gentingensis in Genting Highlands [Norsham and Lim, 2002]; Popeia nebularis from Cameron Highlands [Vogel et al., 2004]; Ansonia latirostra from Gunung Benom and Sungai Lembing [Grismer, 2006b]; and at least 17 new species in the Seribuat Archipelago [see Grismer, 2006a; Grismer et al., 2006b]). Therefore, discovering a new species from Endau-Rompin National Park which also has been relatively well-surveyed (see Davison, 1988) is not too surprising, but, more significantly, it underscores the importance for the need to continue research here as well as in 473 other areas of peninsular Malaysia thought to be well-studied. This is especially true for the southern state of Johor, an area that is rapidly being converted into oil palm plantations. Here, there still remain large tracts of primary forest (namely a series of peaks which extend from Gunung Berlumut in central Johor, southward to Gunung Panti just north of the city of Kota Tinggi) for which our herpetological knowledge is based primarily on a few random, unpublished collections or scattered literature accounts. At present only four additional species endemic to this region are known; Bufo sp. (L. L. Grismer, unpublished data), Cyrtodactylus semenanjungensis (Grismer and Leong, 2005), Cyrtodactylus sworderi (Grismer et al., 2006c; Smith, 1925), and Macrocalamus sp. (L. L. Grismer, unpublished data). Ansonia endauensis is the fifth endemic species from Johor and it is likely that other new species will be found with further research. Acknowledgments.—I express my appreciation to the staff of Johor Parks and Dr. N. Ahmad of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for facilitating the field work at Endau-Rompin and to the Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department for the issuance of a research pass (40/200/19 SJ.1105). For field assistance I thank Nurolhuda B. N., P. L. Wood, T. M. Youmans, B. S. Jones, and J. Senawi. Museum material was graciously loaned to us by K. K. P. Lim (ZRC), H. Voris and A. Resetar (FMNH) and B. Clarke (BMNH). A. Bauer, I. Das, and K. K. P. Lim provided literature and R. F. Inger provided useful comments on the manuscript. 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Zootaxa 727:1–63. .Accepted: 3 July 2006 .Associate Editor: Maureen Kearney December 2006] HERPETOLOGICA APPENDIX Ansonia albomaculata: MALAYSIA: Sarawak, 7th Division, Belaga District, FMNH 222083–85. Ansonia anotis: MALAYSIA: Sabah, Tenom District, FMNH 237054, 152174–76. Ansonia endauensis: MALAYSIA: Johor, Endau-Rompin National Park, Sungai Semawak, ZRC 1.11555–58 Ansonia guibei: MALAYSIA: Sabah, Tambunan District, FMNH 24878–79. Ansonia hanitschi: MALAYSIA: Sabah, Tambunan District, FMNH 250854–57. Ansonia kraensis: THAILAND: Phuket, Kathu and Manik waterfalls. ZRC 1.8454–55, 1.8457–58. Ansonia latirostra: MALAYSIA: Pahang, Gunung Benom, BMNH 1967.2771–73; Sungai Lembing, LSUHC 4923, 4926–28, 4944, 4961, 4994, 5001, 5011. Ansonia leptopus: MALAYSIA: Pahang, Sungai Lembing, LSUHC 4970, 4991–92, 5006. 475 Ansonia longidigita: MALAYSIA: Sabah, Tambunan District, FMNH 250866–69. Ansonia malayana: MALAYSIA: Trengganau, Gunung Lawit, BMNH 1974.4308–12, 4319. THAILAND: Chumphon, Tasan, BMNH 1973.511–515. Ansonia minuta: MALAYSIA: Sarawak, 1st Division, FMNH 77427–29. Ansonia penangensis: MALAYSIA: Pahang, Taman Negara, FMNH 250854–57. Ansonia platysoma: MALAYSIA: Sabah, Tambunan District, FMNH 250876–79. Ansonia siamensis: THAILAND: Trang, FMNH 216106–08. Ansonia spinulifer: MALAYSIA: Sarawak, Rancan Pool, LSUHC 4046–48; 7th Division, Belaga District, 222173– 75 Ansonia tiomanica: MALAYSIA: Pahang, Pulau Tioman, Gua Tengkok Air, LSUHC 3792, 3984, 4443–44, 5255.