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Genetic Homogeneity of the Black-Billed Capercaillie Subspecies Tetrao parvirostris parvirostris Bonaparte, 1856 and T. p. kamtschaticus Kittlitz, 1858 (Tetraonidae, Aves) Based on the Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Data

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Abstract

Sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome of four individuals of two subspecies of black-billed capercaillie Tetrao parvirostris parvirostris (mainland population) and T. p. kamtschaticus (Kamchatka Peninsula), family Tetraonidae, was arranged for the first time. Genetic divergence between mainland and Kamchatka subspecies was estimated as 0.1%, which corresponds to the level of individual variability. Compared to high haplotype diversity, a low nucleotide polymorphism of mtDNA was revealed and absence of inter-subspecies genetic differentiation was shown. Such absence may reflect the youth of the Kamchatka isolate and/or conservation of the mitochondrial genome for the species as a whole. Analysis of a fragment of the nuclear gene OCA2, encoding the transmembrane P protein and affecting the coloration, revealed the identity of the subspecies of mainland and Kamchatka. Such a clear lack of divergence by mitochondrial and nuclear markers between the mainland and Kamchatka populations of the capercaillie contradicts their morphological differences. Appearance of an isolated population of the black-billed capercaillie in Kamchatka was probably caused by either shrinking of the mainland part of formerly large range of the species that created the gap, or recent invasion from the mainland.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We express our deep appreciation to the Kamchatka hunters V.V. Smirnov, P.P. Sychev, and Yu.F. Mulyar for collecting and delivering samples of capercaillie from the Kamchatka Peninsula and the basin of the Penzhina River. The results were obtained using the equipment of the Shared Access Center Far Eastern Computing Resource of the Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (https://www.cc.dvo.ru).

Funding

This work was supported by the program Far East of the Presidium of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, grant no. 18-4-031.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia

    L. N. Spiridonova, S. V. Shedko & A. P. Kryukov

  2. Kamchatka State Technical University, 683003, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

    E. G. Lobkov

Authors
  1. L. N. Spiridonova
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  2. E. G. Lobkov
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  3. S. V. Shedko
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  4. A. P. Kryukov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. N. Spiridonova.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for animal care and use were followed.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Spiridonova, L.N., Lobkov, E.G., Shedko, S.V. et al. Genetic Homogeneity of the Black-Billed Capercaillie Subspecies Tetrao parvirostris parvirostris Bonaparte, 1856 and T. p. kamtschaticus Kittlitz, 1858 (Tetraonidae, Aves) Based on the Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Data. Russ J Genet 56, 454–459 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795420040134

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