Abstract
A fungal complex belonging to the order Helotiales (including Erysiphaceae) has been reported inducing powdery mildew (PM) on members of the Brassicaceae family worldwide. However, no formal report is available employing comprehensive taxonomic analyses of the PM-inducing fungi on these hosts in Brazil. Herein, PM isolates from six Brassicaceae vegetables (viz. broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Chinese cabbage, Indian mustard, and wild mustard) were collected in five geographic areas in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Morphological aspects of hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia of these isolates were employed in combination with phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA obtained with the pair of Erysiphaceae-specific primers (PMITS1 and PMITS2). Erysiphe cruciferarum was identified as the sole causal PM agent in all six Brassicaceae vegetables. Pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated by spraying conidial suspension on Brassicaceae seedlings under greenhouse conditions. All isolates were pathogenic to their original hosts. PM has become an emergent foliar disease of Brassicaceae in Brazil especially in dry areas under dripping irrigation systems. This disease has been a limiting factor in the Cerrado region where a long and well-defined dry season favours disease onset and progression.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abasova LV, Aghayeva DN, Takamatsu S (2018) Notes on powdery mildews of the genus Erysiphe from Azerbaijan. Curent Res in Environ & Appl Mycology (J of Fung Biol) 8: 30–53. https://doi.org/10.5943/CREAM/8/1/3
Al-Shehbaz IA (2011) Brassicaceae (Mustard Family). In eLS, (Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0003690.pub2
Alkooranee JT, Liu S, Aledan TR, Yin Y, Li M (2015) First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum on Brassica napus in China. Pl Dis 99:1651. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0351-PDN
Boiteux LS, Fonseca MEN, Simon PW (1999) Effects of plant tissue and DNA purification method on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA based genetic fingerprinting analyses is carrot. J of the Amer Soc for Hort Sci 124: 32–38. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.124.1.32
Braun U (1987) A monograph of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews). Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia No. 89. J Cramer Berlin, Germany
Braun U, Takamatsu S, Heluta V, Limkaisang S et al (2006) Phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildew fungi of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula on Carpinus Species Mycol Progress 5(3):139–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-006-0509-6
Braun U, Cook RTA (2012) Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No. 11. CBS, Utrecht.
Cunnington JH, Takamatsu S, Lawrie AC, Pascoe IG (2003) Molecular identification of anamorphic powdery mildews (Erysiphales). Austral Pl Pathol 32:421–428. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP03045
Farr DF, Rossman AY (2022) Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Fu B, Yan Q (2022) First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum on Camelina sativa in Montana. Pl Dis 106:1995. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-21-2362-PDN
Gunasinghe N, You MP, Lanoiselet V, Eyres N, Barbetti MJ (2013) First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum on Brassica campestris var. pekinensis, B. carinata, Eruca sativa, E. vesicaria in Australia and on B. rapa and B. oleracea var. capitata in Western Australia. Pl Dis 97:1256. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-13-0299-PDN
Katoh K, Toh H (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol and Evol 30:772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Katoh K, Rozewicki J, Yamada KD (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Brief Bioinform 20:1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
Koch MA, Mummenhoff K (2006) Evolution and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae. Plant Syst Evol 259:81–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-006-0433-x
Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
Mendes MAS, Urben AF (2023) Fungos relatados em plantas no Brasil, Laboratório de Quarentena Vegetal. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. Retrieved June 07, 2023. From: http://pragawall.cenargen.embrapa.br/aiqweb/michtml/fgbanco01.asp.
Rambaut A, Drummond A (2010) Tracer v. 1.4 Available at: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer. Accessed 15 march, 2019.
Raza A, Hafeez MB, Zahra N, Shaukat K, Umbreen S, Tabassum J, Charagh S, Khan RSA, Hasanuzzaman M (2020) The plant family Brassicaceae: Introduction, biology, and importance. Hasanuzzarman M (2020) The plant family Brassicaceae: Biology and physiological responses to environmental stresses. Springer, Singapore, pp 1–43
Reis A, Souza RL, Kór DG, Canedo EJ, Lima FLS (2021) Principais doenças das brássicas causadas por fungos, oomicetos e protozoário: Identificação e manejo. Brasilia-DF, Embrapa Hortaliças, Circular Técnica 176.
Reis A, Boiteux LS (2010) Alternaria species infecting Brassicaceae in the Brazilian Neotropics: Geographical distribution, host range, and specificity. Journal of Plant Pathology 92:661–668. https://doi.org/10.4454/jpp.v92i3.311
Ronquist F, Teslenko M, Van der Mark P, Ayres DL, Darling A, Hohna S, Larget B, Liu L, Suchard MA, Huelsenbeck JP (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst Biol 61:539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Stamatakis A (2014) RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of 597 large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30:1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Acknowledgements
Leonardo S. Boiteux, Maria Esther N. Fonseca, and Ailton Reis thank to CNPq for their research fellowships.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
R.C.F. Borges, N.R. Madeira, A. Reis, and L.S. Boiteux conceived and designed the work. L.S. Boiteux and A. Reis wrote the initial version of the manuscript. R.C.F. Borges, M.D.M. Santos, S.S. Leite, J.M.T. Martins, and M.E.N. Fonseca did the Lab Work, re-viewed the manuscript, and contributed to the discussion. J.S. Veloso carried out the phylogenetic analysis, re-viewed the manuscript and contributed to the discussion. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Borges, R.C.F., dos Santos Leite, S., Martins, J.M.T. et al. Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cruciferarum) on Brassicaceae in Brazil. Australasian Plant Pathol. 52, 419–425 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00930-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00930-y