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The Pantepui in the Brazilian Amazon: Vascular Flora of Serra Do Aracá, a Cradle of Diversity, Richness and Endemism

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Abstract

Formed by tall flat-topped mountains known as tepuis, the Pantepui is an important center of vascular plant endemism and diversity in South America. In Brazil, the Pantepui is mostly on the border of Venezuela, and an isolated area, Serra do Aracá, stands out as the tepui southernmost. In this paper we present a floristic survey of the vascular plants that occur on Serra do Aracá, compare the richness to other tepuis, and commented on the conservation of Amazonian “campos rupestres”. Our dataset includes over 1600 records, either collected by us in three field expeditions, or by other botanists. A checklist with 436 species of vascular plants is provided. Our study also shows that among the 34 tepuis of the Pantepui, Serra do Aracá ranks tenth in species richness and has 24 endemic species. Serra do Aracá, like other tepuis, houses representatives of ancestral lineages of vascular plants of South America, showing how important tepuis are as cradles of lineages. Despite its importance for Amazonian biodiversity, Serra do Aracá is one of the natural reserves in the Amazon with the highest number of requests for mining.

Resumo

Formado por altas montanhas de cumes chapados conhecidos como tepuis, o Pantepui é um importante centro de endemismo e diversidade de plantas vasculares na América do Sul. No Brasil, o Pantepui encontra-se principalmente na fronteira com a Venezuela, e uma área isolada, a Serra do Aracá, destaca-se como o mais meridional dos tepuis. Neste trabalho apresentamos um levantamento florístico das plantas vasculares que ocorrem na Serra do Aracá, comparamos a riqueza com outros tepuis, e comentamos sobre a conservação dos campos rupestres amazônicos. Nosso conjunto de dados inclui mais de 1600 registros, coletados por nós em três expedições de campo, ou por outros botânicos. Uma lista de verificação com 436 espécies de plantas vasculares é fornecida. Nosso estudo também mostra que entre os 34 tepuis do Pantepui, a Serra do Aracá ocupa a décima posição em riqueza de espécies e possui 24 espécies endêmicas. A Serra do Aracá, como outros tepuis, abriga representantes de linhagens ancestrais de plantas vasculares da América do Sul, mostrando a importância dos tepuis como berços de linhagens. Apesar de sua importância para a biodiversidade amazônica, a Serra do Aracá está em uma das unidades de conservação estaduais da Amazônia com o maior número de processos para mineração.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ricardo Azoury for the photographs. RSBS thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the undergraduate research scholarship from 2012 to 2016. Most of our expeditions for the “Montanhas da Amazônia” Project were funded by Natura. We also thank CNPq which provided research grants to PHL (processes n° 307514/2016-1) and to RCF (process n° 303420/2016-2), the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) which supported RCF (processes n° E-26/202.778/2018) through Programa Cientistas do Nosso Estado. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. We thank the curators of the herbaria visited, Pedro Viana (MG), Michael Hopkins (INPA) and Maria Candida (SP), as well as the following taxonomists that helped with identifications: Alexandre Quinet, Aline Melo, Ana Maria Giulietti, Anderson Araújo, André Gil, Clebiana Nunes, Daniela Zappi, Danilo Gissi, Edlley Pessoa, Elsie Guimarães, Elton Assis, Fabian Michelangeli, Gilberto Morillo, Haroldo Lima, Layla Schneider, Luiz Menini Neto, Marcos Sobral, Nara Mota, Paulo Baleeiro, Paulo Gonella, Pedro Fiaschi, Pedro Viana and Renato Goldenberg.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, PA, 66055-090, Brazil

    Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva

  2. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil

    Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva, Marcus Alberto Nadruz Coelho, Gustavo Martinelli & Rafaela Campostrini Forzza

  3. Laboratório de Botânica, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Mundo Novo – UEMS, Mundo Novo, MS, Brazil

    Marcelo Leandro Bueno

  4. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil

    Paulo Henrique Labiak

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  1. Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva
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Correspondence to Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva.

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Barbosa-Silva, R.G., Bueno, M.L., Labiak, P.H. et al. The Pantepui in the Brazilian Amazon: Vascular Flora of Serra Do Aracá, a Cradle of Diversity, Richness and Endemism. Bot. Rev. 86, 359–375 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-020-09235-x

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