Abstract
Purpose
Forest management practices, such as thinning, can significantly change surface soil properties, understory plant composition, and microclimate. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of knowledge concerning the influence of forest thinning on soil temperature (Ts) and its connection to environmental factors in open-field. Our study aims to quantify the response of surface Ts (10 cm depth) to different thinning treatments, and to investigate the associations between Ts and various meteorological factors throughout the entire plant growing season.
Materials and methods
We established 12 25 m × 25 m plots from Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations receiving four different thinning treatments (i.e., no thinning, NT; low thinning: 15% removal of trees, LT; moderate thinning: 35% removal of trees, MT; heavy thinning: 50% removal of trees, HT). These plots were established on Taiyue Mountain in North China, and the microclimate data were collected 2 years after their establishment in 2012. We obtained continuous (30 min/time) Ts data of 10 cm depth for 1 year, from April 2017 to March 2018. Additionally, other meteorological data including total solar radiation (TSR), air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), air pressure (AP), precipitation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and wind speed (WS) were simultaneously recoded by an automatic weather station located in the open area (OA) within the forest, which is completely devoid of vegetation.
Results and discussion
Ts in the MT (6.18 °C) exhibited a significantly higher value compared to other treatments in the growing season. Ts under forest cover displayed higher temperatures in the winter and lower temperatures in the growing season compared to the OA. The structural equation model (SEM) indicated that Ta exerted a positive influence as the primary environmental factor affecting Ts. In contrast, VPD exhibited a negative direct effect on Ts during the growing season, while manifesting a positive direct effect throughout the non-growing season. The direct effect of TSR on Ts was negative, and TSR indirectly influenced Ts through its direct effects on VPD and Ta. However, the overall effect of TSR on Ts was found to be positive. Nevertheless, WS generally affected Ts indirectly. Notably, the path coefficients, both direct and indirect, of each meteorological factor on MT treatment were slightly smaller compared to other treatments.
Conclusion
Forest thinning of larch plantations influences the dynamics of Ts significantly, with MT leading to warmer soil conditions. Moreover, the structural composition of the plant community plays a crucial role in buffering the fluctuations in understory Ts induced by climatic changes. Our results offer valuable insights into the impacts of forest thinning on Ts and provide important guidelines for future management practices.
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Data availability
Data available on request from the authors. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [Junyong Ma], upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Taiyue Forestry Bureau and the Haodifang Forestry Centre for fieldworks. We would also like to thank Prof. Simon Queenborough at the Yale University for his assistance with English language and grammatical editing of the manuscript.
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The study was supported by the Research and Development Fundation of China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring (No. 300018000000202345).
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Hao, Z., Le, Q., Song, J. et al. Forest thinning increases surface soil temperature in Larix principis-rupprechtii (Pinaceae) plantations. J Soils Sediments 24, 793–807 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03640-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03640-6