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Role of black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) in European forests modified by climate change

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Abstract

In the twenty-first century, it is crucial to see climate change not only as a risk that can cause large-scale forest disturbances but also as an opportunity for innovative approaches to forest management and silviculture of new resistant tree species, like the prospective black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold). This literature review compiles findings from 260 scientific papers. It presents a summary of research results of black pine potential in European forests from 1970 to 2023. It describes the importance of its taxonomy, area of distribution and introduction, ecological characteristics, production, silviculture, wood quality, threats, and pests, as well as the potential of this tree species in relation to global climate change. In Europe, black pine covers an area of over 9.5 million ha and is one of the most frequently planted tree species outside of its original range. This pine is an effective tree species for afforestation management in arid habitats, as well as in areas threatened by pollution or on reclamation sites. Moreover, it resists the negative effects of climate change exceptionally well, such as more intense heat waves and more frequent long-term droughts, especially in young stands with lower tree density. However, the consequences of climate change on growth are not homogeneous across black pine distribution ranges due to interpopulation variability. It also has a high production potential advantage, and the wood is easy to process for various purposes. Overall, black pine can be considered one of the most adaptable pine species to anthropogenic factors and ongoing climate change, and a valuable tree species in forestry for newly cultivated areas in Europe.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences (Excellent Team 2021–2022), and Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (No. QK22020045). Acknowledgment also belongs to Jitka Šišáková, an expert in the field, and Richard Lee Manore, a native speaker, for checking English. We also want to thank Josef Macek for the graphic design of the figures. We are grateful to anonymous reviewers and editor for their constructive comments and valuable suggestions that helped improve the manuscript.

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  1. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic

    Zdeněk Vacek, Jan Cukor, Stanislav Vacek, Josef Gallo, Václav Bažant & Aleš Zeidler

  2. Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i., Strnady 136, 252 02, Jíloviště, Czech Republic

    Jan Cukor

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ZV, JC, and SV were involved in conceptualization. ZV, JC, SV, JG, VB, and AZ were involved in writing—original draft preparation. ZV and SV were involved in supervision; ZV was involved in project administration. ZV and JC were involved in funding acquisition and revision.

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Vacek, Z., Cukor, J., Vacek, S. et al. Role of black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) in European forests modified by climate change. Eur J Forest Res 142, 1239–1258 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01605-5

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