The extent of the North American boreal zone

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Author: J.P. Brandt
Date: Annual 2009
From: Environmental Reviews(Vol. 17)
Publisher: NRC Research Press
Document Type: Geographic overview; Report
Length: 15,559 words

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Abstract :

The circumpolar boreal zone is one of the world's major biogeoclimatie zones, covering much of North America and Eurasia with forests, woodlands, wetlands, and lakes. It regulates climate, acts as a reservoir for biological and genetic diversity, plays a key role in biogeochemical cycles, and provides renewable resources, habitat, and recreational opportunities. Poor agreement exists amongst scientists regarding this zone's delimitation and the areal extent of boreal forests, even though the zone has been well-studied. This paper reviews the literature on the phytogeography of the zone and makes use of a geographic information system (G1S) and published maps to delineate a current map of the North American boreal zone and the hemiboreal subzone, which is a transitional area lying immediately to the south of the boreal zone that is usually included in the boreal zone by Europeans but excluded by North Americans. On the basis of the map described here, the boreal zone covers about 627 million ha, or 29% of the North American continent north of Mexico. If the hemiboreal subzone, at 116 million ha, is included, then 34% of the same area is covered. Forests and other wooded land (362 million ha) cover 58% of the North American boreal /.one on the basis of current forest inventory data. With forests and other wooded land of the hemiboreal sub/.one (68 million ha) factored in, this percentage remains basically unchanged. Values reported in this paper are compared with other published statistics. Important sources of error contributing to differences in areal statistics are discussed. Key words: boreal forest, hemiboreal, map. North America, phytogeography. La zone boreale circumpolaire constitue une des zones biogeoclimatiques les plus importantes du monde et comprend une bonne partie des forets. des milieux boises, des terres humides et des lacs de l'Ameriqiie du Nord et de l'Eurasie. Elle regularise le climat, agit comme reservoir de diversite biologique et genetique, joue un role dans les cycles biogeochimiques et rournit des ressources renouvelables, des habitats et des opportunites recreatives. Il existe peu de consensus parmi les scientifiques quant a la delimitation de cette zone el sur l'etendue des forets boreales, bien qu'on ail passablement etudie cette zone. Cet article revise la litterature sur la phytogeographie de la zone et utilise le systeme d'information geographique (GIS) ainsi que les cartes publiees pour definir une carlographie actuelle de la zone boreale nordamerieaine et de la sous-zone hemiboreale qui constitue une aire de transition situee immediatement au sud de la zone boreale; les Europeens incluent cette region dans la zone boreale, contrairement aux Nord-Americains qui l'excluent. Sur la base de la carte presentee ici, la zone boreale couvre 627 millions ha ou 29 % du continent nord-americain, au nord du Mexique. Si on inclut les 116 millions ha de la sous-zone hemiboreale, on atleint une couverture de 34% de la meme region. Les forets et autres terrains boises (362 millions ha) couvrent 58% de la zone boreale nord-americaine, sur la base des donnees actuelles des inventaires forestiers. Si on inclut les forets et autres surfaces boisees de la sous-zone hemiboreale (68 millions ha), ce pourcentage demeure globalement inchange. Les valeurs rapportees dans ce document se comparent a d'autres statistiques publiees. Cet article discute les sources d'erreur importantes contribuant aux differences des statistiques des superficies. Mots-cles : foret boreale, hemiboreale, carte, Amerique du Nord, phytogeographie. [Traduit par la Redaction]
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Gale Document Number: GALE|A219520227