Portal:Switzerland
The Switzerland Portal
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zürich, Geneva and Basel.
Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.
Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
Switzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and performs highly also on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zürich, Geneva and Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living. (Full article...)
Swiss Bank Corporation was a Swiss investment bank and financial services company located in Switzerland. Prior to its merger, the bank was the third largest in Switzerland, with over CHF 300 billion of assets and CHF 11.7 billion of equity.
Throughout the 1990s, SBC engaged in a large growth initiative, shifting its focus from traditional commercial banking into investment banking, in an effort to match its larger Swiss rival Credit Suisse. As part of this strategy, SBC acquired US-based investment bank Dillon Read & Co. as well as London-based merchant bank S.G. Warburg in the mid-1990s. SBC also acquired Chicago-based Brinson Partners and O'Connor & Associates. These acquisitions formed the basis for a global investment banking business. (Full article...)Selected article -
Zürich (/ˈzjʊərɪk/ ZURE-ik, German: [ˈtsyːrɪç] ⓘ; see below) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. As of January 2023[update] the municipality had 443,037 inhabitants, the urban area 1.315 million (2009), and the Zürich metropolitan area 1.83 million (2011). Zürich is a hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. Both Zurich Airport and Zürich's main railway station are the largest and busiest in the country.
Permanently settled for over 2,000 years, Zürich was founded by the Romans, who called it Turicum. However, early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years (although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early). During the Middle Ages, Zürich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and, in 1519, became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli. (Full article...)General images -
The Battle of Winterthur (27 May 1799) was an important action between elements of the Army of the Danube and elements of the Habsburg army, commanded by Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze, during the War of the Second Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The small town of Winterthur lies 18 kilometers (11 mi) northeast of Zürich, in Switzerland. Because of its position at the junction of seven roads, the army that held the town controlled access to most of Switzerland and points crossing the Rhine into southern Germany. Although the forces involved were small, the ability of the Austrians to sustain their 11-hour assault on the French line resulted in the consolidation of three Austrian forces on the plateau north of Zürich, leading to the French defeat a few days later.
By mid-May 1799, the Austrians had wrested control of parts of Switzerland from the French as forces under the command of Hotze and Count Heinrich von Bellegarde pushed them out of the Grisons. After defeating Jean-Baptiste Jourdan's 25,000-man Army of the Danube at the battles of Ostrach and Stockach, the main Austrian army, under command of Archduke Charles, crossed the Rhine at the Swiss town of Schaffhausen and prepared to unite with the armies of Hotze and Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf, on the plains surrounding Zürich. (Full article...)List of Featured articles
|
---|
Selected picture -
Related portals
New articles
Rules | Match log | Results page (for watching) | Last updated: 2024-05-06 22:10 (UTC)
Note: The list display can now be customized by each user. See List display personalization for details.
- List of teams in the 2023–24 curling season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Earl Andrew (talk · contribs · new pages (10)) started on 2024-05-06, score: 31
- Valentine de Giuli (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Willthacheerleader18 (talk · contribs · new pages (53)) started on 2024-05-06, score: 74
- Clémentine de Giuli (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Willthacheerleader18 (talk · contribs · new pages (53)) started on 2024-05-06, score: 77
- Celia von Bismarck (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Willthacheerleader18 (talk · contribs · new pages (53)) started on 2024-05-06, score: 90
- André Didisheim (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Barr Theo (talk · contribs · new pages (48)) started on 2024-05-05, score: 81
- Margrith von Felten (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Willthacheerleader18 (talk · contribs · new pages (53)) started on 2024-05-05, score: 108
- Busto Arsizio railway station (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Mackensen (talk · contribs · new pages (8)) started on 2024-05-05, score: 14
- Christine von Wattenwyl (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Willthacheerleader18 (talk · contribs · new pages (53)) started on 2024-05-05, score: 67
- Orders of Magnitude (album) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Tassedethe (talk · contribs · new pages (307)) started on 2024-05-05, score: 28
- Reto Nause (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Theanonymoustypist (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-05-05, score: 92
- Luis Enrique Patterson (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Betterthanbutter (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-05-05, score: 17
- Silvia Giordano (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by David Eppstein (talk · contribs · new pages (27)) started on 2024-05-05, score: 33
- Eduard August Rübel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Theanonymoustypist (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 79
- 1998–99 in Swiss football (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 260
- Theodore Atkinson (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by DonBeroni (talk · contribs · new pages (15)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 12
- 1996–97 Swiss 1. Liga (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 319
- Edelweiss Capital Group Limited (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Limbo.J (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 82
- 1997–98 Swiss 1. Liga (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 293
- 1998–99 Swiss 1. Liga (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 299
- Grand Hotel (Locarno) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gardener123 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 106
- Foser (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Willthacheerleader18 (talk · contribs · new pages (53)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 32
- Yvette Jaggi (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Willthacheerleader18 (talk · contribs · new pages (53)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 128
- Theodor Bühler-Lindenmeyer (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Shyamal (talk · contribs · new pages (35)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 102
- Ugo Coccia (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Egeymi (talk · contribs · new pages (19)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 17
- German Inquisition (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Oliwiasocz (talk · contribs · new pages (19)) started on 2024-05-04, score: 15
- Freddy Macdonald (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Filmguru24 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-05-03, score: 20
- Pancho Mansfield (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jmondry (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 20
- Jolanda Spirig (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Spinster300 (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2024-05-03, score: 70
- Sofya Subbotina (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Grnrchst (talk · contribs · new pages (31)) started on 2024-05-03, score: 18
- Maria Pappa (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Willthacheerleader18 (talk · contribs · new pages (53)) started on 2024-05-02, score: 101
- Judith Schmutz (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Curbon7 (talk · contribs · new pages (11)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 186
- Sebastian Steiger (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Rafi Chazon (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 76
- Mondi Sommersi (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by 82.84.225.97 (talk · contribs · new pages (9)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 14
- Ben Spider (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Isolda G (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-04-27, score: 31
- Genevoise sauce (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Frankserafini87 (talk · contribs · new pages (6)) started on 2024-05-02, score: 12
- Cham Group (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Theanonymoustypist (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-05-02, score: 48
- Michael Lahyani (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Crazymystar (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-05-02, score: 74
- Nadezhda Subbotina (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Grnrchst (talk · contribs · new pages (31)) started on 2024-05-02, score: 49
- Valeriana eriocarpa (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Tom Radulovich (talk · contribs · new pages (161)) started on 2024-05-02, score: 23
- 2024 FIBA Under-18 AmeriCup (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SunsetRunner77 (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2024-05-02, score: 11
- Alexandre Gavrilovic (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Clearfrienda (talk · contribs · new pages (22)) started on 2024-05-02, score: 15
- USFL championship game (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Dicklyon (talk · contribs · new pages (61)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 12
- Animal production and consumption in Switzerland (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Sarah Halim (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 223
- Walter Saxer (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by ELindas (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 70
- 2025 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SunsetRunner77 (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 86
- Peter Moraw (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Crismorera18 (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 11
- Terremoto (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by 82.84.225.97 (talk · contribs · new pages (9)) started on 2024-04-29, score: 17
- Grande Nazione (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by 82.84.225.97 (talk · contribs · new pages (9)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 14
- Ferdinand Risch (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by TheBritinator (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 30
- Infinito (Litfiba album) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by 82.84.225.97 (talk · contribs · new pages (9)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 14
- Valentine Friedli (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by PamD (talk · contribs · new pages (24)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 134
- Physcia magnussonii (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Esculenta (talk · contribs · new pages (51)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 50
- Karthik tallam (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Herodyswaroop (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 20
- Maurizio Battistini (football manager) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Das osmnezz (talk · contribs · new pages (75)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 56
- Steve Hetzel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Timd21 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 12
- Grand Hotel Villa Serbelloni (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Plumbago Capensis (talk · contribs · new pages (10)) started on 2024-05-01, score: 14
- Nataliya Aleksandrova (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Maniakilljoy97 (talk · contribs · new pages (9)) started on 2024-04-30, score: 12
- Maurice Dubois (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Rafi Chazon (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2024-04-30, score: 56
- Lilika Nakos (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Bookworm-ce (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2024-04-30, score: 29
- August Bohny (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Rafi Chazon (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2024-04-30, score: 96
- Maria Subbotina (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Grnrchst (talk · contribs · new pages (31)) started on 2024-04-30, score: 56
- 2025 Men's U-19 World Floorball Championships (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by ILoveSport2006 (talk · contribs · new pages (29)) started on 2024-04-29, score: 59
- Clio Newton (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gilbert241987 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-04-29, score: 31
- Yibai Chen (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by JeffreyViolin (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-29, score: 17
- Evgeniia Subbotina (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Grnrchst (talk · contribs · new pages (31)) started on 2024-04-29, score: 46
- Ben Segal (computer scientist) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Bibliophilen (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-29, score: 49
- Brig, Switzerland (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Pppery (talk · contribs · new pages (100)) started on 2024-04-29, score: 186
- Ersilia Fossati (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by MumphingSquirrel (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-28, score: 151
- Magnum in parvo: A philosophy in compendium (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by The Herald (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-04-28, score: 14
- 1990 Rado Swiss Open (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Wolbo (talk · contribs · new pages (14)) started on 2024-04-28, score: 82
- The Target (Fallout) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by OlifanofmrTennant (talk · contribs · new pages (8)) started on 2024-04-28, score: 12
- 1914 in Switzerland (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Suonii180 (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2024-04-27, score: 52
- 2001–02 in Swiss football (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-04-27, score: 234
- François Turrettini (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Tassedethe (talk · contribs · new pages (307)) started on 2024-04-27, score: 32
- Old-age and survivors insurance in Switzerland (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Carolsantosl (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2024-04-27, score: 110
- Mahendra Jayasekera (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by The Kazanchis (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-04-27, score: 17
- Margaret Perry (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by DtrRich (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2024-04-27, score: 12
- Bjorn Gulden (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Cleo Cooper (talk · contribs · new pages (149)) started on 2024-04-26, score: 20
- List of awards and nominations received by Peter Capaldi (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by OlifanofmrTennant (talk · contribs · new pages (8)) started on 2024-04-26, score: 11
- Marina Artuso (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Kiran891 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-04-26, score: 32
- Stefano Knuchel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by ELindas (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2024-04-26, score: 79
- BRB-seq (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Dcabuzu (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2024-04-25, score: 16
- Augustin Bader (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Commontater (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2024-04-26, score: 14
- Müglitztal (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by 133.11.250.19 (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-26, score: 14
- Patrick Grogg (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Harry XBastien (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2024-04-22, score: 32
- Beat Züger (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Uldis s (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2024-04-25, score: 113
- Pietro Bruzzi (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Grnrchst (talk · contribs · new pages (31)) started on 2024-04-25, score: 31
- Storm Lothar (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Shellypls (talk · contribs · new pages (18)) started on 2024-04-25, score: 55
- 2023–24 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-24, score: 137
- Anita Daniel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Xoak (talk · contribs · new pages (26)) started on 2024-04-24, score: 16
- Izzy Abraham (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Thetreesarespeakingtome (talk · contribs · new pages (13)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 12
- 2022–23 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 109
- 2020–21 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 121
- 2021–22 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 126
- 2019–20 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 122
- 2018–19 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 118
- 2017–18 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 119
- 2016–17 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 119
- 2015–16 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 119
- 2014–15 SWHL A season (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gotch87 (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 119
- Bettina Bucher (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Hemmers (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-24, score: 82
- Swiss Union of Arts and Crafts (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Sarah Halim (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2024-04-24, score: 132
- 2024 Geneva Open (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Madenry (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-24, score: 95
- Low-rise high-density (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Saussure4661 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 27
- 2021 Swiss Olympic curling trials (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Hey man im josh (talk · contribs · new pages (883)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 144
- Lemine Ould Mohamed Salem (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jebiguess (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 13
- Bossard Group (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by AusLondonder (talk · contribs · new pages (20)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 89
- MapTiler (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by RockMapper (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 70
- Frédéric Martens (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Raydann (talk · contribs · new pages (40)) started on 2024-04-23, score: 12
- History of the Canton of Aargau (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by JoNeuen (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-22, score: 287
- Canton Ticino football team (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Sheila1988 (talk · contribs · new pages (15)) started on 2024-04-22, score: 91
- 2024 Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship II (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Max2610 (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2024-04-22, score: 79
- Prince Christian of Hanover (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by DrKay (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2024-04-22, score: 20
- Jean-Luc Costa (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Uldis s (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2024-04-22, score: 72
- Tüllinger Tunnel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Crismorera18 (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2024-04-22, score: 24
- Caritas Switzerland (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Bdx (talk · contribs · new pages (43)) started on 2024-04-22, score: 272
WikiProject
Things you can do
- Visit the German-speaking Wikipedians' notice board and help to write, expand and improve Switzerland-related articles
- List newly created articles related to Switzerland
- Suggest Selected article and Selected picture on the list of possible selected articles and pictures
- Help to expand the Switzerland stub articles
- Assist with our Wikiprojects
Categories
Associated Wikimedia
The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:
-
Commons
Free media repository -
Wikibooks
Free textbooks and manuals -
Wikidata
Free knowledge base -
Wikinews
Free-content news -
Wikiquote
Collection of quotations -
Wikisource
Free-content library -
Wikiversity
Free learning tools -
Wikivoyage
Free travel guide -
Wiktionary
Dictionary and thesaurus