Encyclopedia of Plants and flowers

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turn yellow or orange in fall and clusters ACHILLEA basal leaves. Bears flat heads of pale yellow in a frost-free place over winter. Propagate A
of yellow flowers borne in mid-spring flowers, maturing to creamy-white, in by division of rhizomes or by seed, if
before the leaves appear. Considered Yarrow summer. Z3–9 H9–1. available, in spring or by stem cuttings
invasive in northeastern North America. A. millefolium (Yarrow). Variable, in summer.
Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Columnare’, H 40ft (12m), ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE spreading, sometimes invasive perennial. A. antirrhina. Erect perennial. H and
S 25ft (8m), is dense and columnar. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Has S 14in (35cm) or more. Has oval, toothed
‘Crimson King’, illus. p.60. Genus of mainly upright perennials, some long, narrow, divided, dark green, basal leaves, to 2in (5cm) or more long and of
‘Drummondii’ has leaves broadly edged of which are semievergreen, suitable for leaves. From late spring to late summer, unequal size in each opposite pair. In
with creamy-white. ‘Emerald Queen’ borders and rock gardens. Has fernlike erect flowering stems bear flattened heads summer bears funnel-shaped, red-orange
is upright when young. ‘Globosum’, foliage and large, usually platelike, flower of tiny, daisylike, white or sometimes pink flowers, to 11/2in (4cm) long, with yellow
H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m), has a dense, heads mainly in summer. Flower heads flowers. Thrives on poor soil. Z3–9 H9–1. throats. Z15 H11–1.
round crown. ‘Palmatifidum’, syn. A. may be dried for winter decoration. ‘Fire King’ has dark green leaves and A. ‘Brilliant’. Erect, compact perennial.
palmatum ‘Lorbergii’ illus. p.67. Tolerates most soils but does best in rich red flowers in summer. ‘Kelwayi’ H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed
‘Royal Red’ has deep reddish-purple a sunny, well-drained site. Tall species (illus. p.247), H 2ft (60cm), produces heads leaves and, in summer, large, funnel-
leaves. Those of ‘Schwedleri’ are and cultivars need staking. Propagate of rich red flower heads. ‘Red Velvet’ shaped, scarlet flowers. Z15 H11–1.
bright red when young, maturing to by division in early spring or fall or by (illus. p.247), H 24in (60cm), bears rich A. coccinea. See A. erecta.
purplish-green in summer and turn softwood cuttings in early summer. rose-red flowers. ‘Tickled Pink’, A. erecta, syn. A. coccinea, A. pulchella.
orange-red in fall. ‘Summershade’ H 32–39in (80–100cm), is variable and Erect, bushy, branching perennial.
has dark green leaves. T Contact with foliage may aggravate produces flower heads from rich red-pink H and S 18in (45cm). Has narrowly oval,
A. pseudoplatanus (Sycamore). Fast- to softer, pastel shades. toothed leaves, often arranged in whorls
growing, deciduous, spreading tree. skin allergies. A. ‘Moonshine’. Upright perennial. of 3. Tubular, scarlet flowers with yellow
H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Has broadly A. aegyptica. See A. ‘Taygetea’. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has flat heads eyes are produced in summer.
5-lobed, dark green leaves. Makes a fine A. argentea. See Tanacetum argenteum. of bright yellow flowers throughout Z15 H11–1.
specimen tree and is good for an exposed A. argentea of gardens. See A. clavennae. summer above a mass of small, feathery, A. grandiflora. Erect perennial. H and
position. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Brilliantissimum’, A. ‘Belle Epoque’, illus. p.247. gray-green leaves. Divide plants regularly S to 24in (60cm). Oval, toothed leaves
illus. p.84. f. erythrocarpum, illus. p.65. Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft in spring. Z3–8 H8–1. are often reddish below. In summer has
‘Simon-Louis Frères’, illus. p.73. (1m), S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark A. ‘Paprika’. Semievergreen, upright tubular, dark pink to purple flowers with
A. rubrum, illus. p.66. ‘Columnare’, green, basal leaves and bears flat heads perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more, S 16in white eyes. Z15 H11–1.
illus. p.76. ‘October Glory’ is a deciduous, of rose-red flowers, maturing to lemon- (40cm). Has feathery, silvery-green, basal A. ‘Little Beauty’, illus. p.469.
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 40ft (12m). yellow, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. leaves. Bears flat heads of rich rusty-red A. ‘Paul Arnold’. Erect, compact, free-
Has 3- or 5-lobed, glossy, dark green leaves A. ‘Christine’s Pink’, illus. p.247. flowers in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. flowering perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
that become intense red in fall, particularly Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft A. ‘Pretty Belinda’. Semievergreen, Has oval, toothed leaves. Bears large,
on neutral to acid soil. In spring, bare (90cm), S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark upright perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 16in funnel-shaped, purple flowers in summer.
branches are covered with clusters of green, basal leaves. In summer produces (40cm) or more. Has feathery, dark green, Z15 H11–1.
tiny, red flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. RED SUNSET flat heads of pale pink flowers, which basal leaves. In summer bears a succession A. ‘Peach Blossom’. Trailing perennial.
(‘Franksred’) has dense growth that fade as they age. Z3–9 H9–1. of rounded, deep pink flower heads, fading H and S to 10in (25cm). Has oval, toothed
also turns brilliant red in fall. Z3–9 H9–1. A. clavennae, syn. A. argentea, illus. p.359. gradually to a softer color, creating a leaves, and large, funnel-shaped, peach-
‘Scanlon’, illus. p.66. ‘Schlesingeri’, A. clypeolata. Semievergreen, upright 2-tone effect. Z3–9 H9–1. colored flowers in summer. Z15 H11–1.
illus. p.66. perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has A. ptarmica ‘The Pearl’, illus. p.247. A. pulchella. See A. erecta.
A. rufinerve, illus. p.76. f. albolimbatum. divided, hairy, silver leaves and dense, flat Upright perennial. H and S 30in (75cm).
See A. rufinerve ‘Hatsuyuki’. ‘Hatsuyuki’, heads of small, yellow flowers in summer. Has large heads of small, pompon-like, Achnatherum calamagrostis. See
syn. A. rufinerve f. albolimbatum is a Divide plants regularly in spring. Z3–9 H9–1. white flowers in summer and tapering, Stipa calamagrostis.
deciduous, arching tree. H 30ft (10m), A. ‘Coronation Gold’. Upright perennial. glossy, dark green leaves. May spread Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae.
S 25ft (8m). Branches are striped green H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has feathery, rapidly. Z3–8 H8–1. See Gladiolus murielae.
and white. Has 3-lobed, mid-green leaves, silvery leaves. Produces large, flat heads A. ‘Schwellenburg’. Spreading Acidanthera murielae. See Gladiolus
mottled and edged with white, that turn of small, golden flower heads in summer perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). murielae.
orange and red in fall. Z6–9 H9–6. that dry well for winter decoration. Divide Has branched stems and gray-green leaves.
A. saccharinum, illus. p.63. and replant every third year. Z3–9 H9–1. Silvery buds are followed by lemon-yellow ACIPHYLLA
f. laciniatum ‘Wieri’ is a fast-growing, A. ‘Fanal’, syn. A. ‘The Beacon’, illus. p.235. flower heads from early summer to early
deciduous, spreading tree with pendent, A. filipendulina (Fernleaf yarrow). fall. Z3–9 H9–1. Bayonet plant, Speargrass
lower branches. H 80ft (25m), S 50ft Upright perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft A. ‘Summerwine’. Semievergreen,
(15m). Deeply lobed, mid-green leaves, (60cm). Has deeply divided, pale green, upright perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more, UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE
with silver undersides, turn yellow in basal leaves. In summer, erect flowering S 16in (40cm) or more. Has feathery, dark-
fall. Z4–8 H8–1. stems bear dense, domed heads of tiny, green, basal leaves. In summer bears flat Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
A. saccharum (Sugar maple). subsp. daisylike, bright yellow flowers. Is good heads of deep red flowers maturing to soft mainly for the architectural value of their
grandidentatum, syn. A. for cut flowers and drying them. Z3–9 purplish-brown. Z4–9 H9–2. spiky foliage but also for their flowers,
grandidentatum (Sugar maple) is a H9–1. ‘Gold Plate’, illus. p.243. ‘Parker’s A. ‘Taygetea’, syn. A. aegyptica. Upright which are produced more freely on male
deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 30ft Variety’ (illus. p.247), H to 41/2ft (1.4m), has perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). plants. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
(10m) or more. Broad 3- or 5-lobed, rather rounded flower heads. Has lemon-yellow flowers above clumps Protect neck of plant from winter wet with
bright green leaves turn bright A. ‘Heidi’, illus. p.247. Semievergreen, of feathery, gray leaves. Divide and replant a deep layer of stone chippings. Propagate
orange-red in early fall. Z4–8 H8–1. upright perennial. H 24in (60cm) or more, every third year. Z3–8 H8–1. by seed when fresh, in late summer, or in
‘Green Mountain’, H 70ft (20m), S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark green, A. ‘Terracotta’, illus. p.247. early spring.
S 40ft (12m), is upright. Large, 5-lobed basal leaves. Bears flat heads of pink Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft A. aurea, illus. p.227.
leaves turn brilliant scarlet in fall. flowers, maturing to near white, in (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has feathery, gray- A. scott-thomsonii (Giant Spaniard).
‘Temple’s Upright’, illus. p.77. summer. Z3–9 H9–1. green, basal leaves. Bears flat heads of Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial.
A. shirasawanum ‘Aureum’, syn. A. A. x kellereri, illus. p.360. burnt-orange flowers, maturing to cream, H to 14ft (4.5m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Much-
japonicum ‘Aureum’, illus. p.89. A. ‘Lachsschönheit’, illus. p.247. in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. dissected, spiny foliage is bronze when
A. tataricum subsp. ginnala, syn. Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft A. ‘The Beacon’. See A. ‘Fanal’. young, maturing to silver-gray. Prickly
A. ginnala, illus. p.90. (1m) or more, S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, spikes of tiny, creamy-yellow flowers are
A. triflorum, illus. p.91. dark green, basal leaves. Bears flat heads ACHIMENES rarely produced. Prefers moist but well-
A. velutinum (Persian maple). Deciduous, of pinkish-orange flowers, maturing to drained soil. Z8–11 H11–8.
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). pinkish-cream, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. Hot-water plant A. squarrosa, illus. p.242.
Produces large, sycamore-like, lobed, dark A. x lewisii ‘King Edward’.
green leaves, with undersides covered Semievergreen, rounded, compact, woody- GESNERIACEAE ACIS 499
with pale brown down. Z7–9 H9–7. var. based perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 9in (23cm)
vanvolxemii (Van Volxem’s maple) has or more. Has feathery, soft, gray-green Genus of erect or trailing perennials with AMARYLLIDACEAE
even larger leaves, slightly glaucous and leaves. Bears compact heads of minute, small rhizomes and showy flowers. Prefers
smooth beneath. buff-yellow flower heads in summer. Is bright light, but not direct sunlight, and Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent,
suitable for a rock garden, wall or bank. well-drained soil. Use tepid water for bell-shaped, white or pink flowers in fall or
Z3–8 H8–1. watering pot-grown plants. Allow plants to spring. Some species prefer a moist,
A. ‘Lucky Break’. Semievergreen, dry out after flowering and store rhizomes partially shaded site; others do best in sun
upright perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more, and well-drained soil. Propagate by division
S 20in (50cm). Has feathery, silvery-green, in spring or early fall or by seed in fall.

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A. autumnalis, syn. Leucojum autumnale A. napellus (Helmet flower, Monkshood). A. alba. See A. pachypoda. ADA
(Autumn snowflake), illus. p.424. Upright, tuberous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), A. alba of gardens. See A. rubra f.
A. rosea, syn. Leucojum roseum. Early S 1ft (30cm). Bears tall, slender spires of neglecta. ORCHIDACEAE
fall-flowering bulb. H to 4in (10cm), S 1–2in hooded, light indigo-blue flowers in late A. erythrocarpa. See A. rubra.
(2.5–5cm). Slender stems bear usually summer and deeply cut, mid-green A. pachypoda, syn. A. alba (Doll’s eyes, See also ORCHIDS.
solitary, pale pink flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long. leaves. Z3–8 H8–3. ‘Albiflorus’. See White baneberry), illus. p.246. A. aurantiaca, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
Threadlike, erect, basal leaves appear with, A. napellus subsp. vulgare‘Albidum’. A. racemosa. See Cimicifuga racemosa. epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
or just after, flowers. Prefers sun and well- subsp. vulgare ‘Albidum’, syn. A. rubra, syn. A. erythrocarpa (Red H 9in (23cm). Bears sprays of tubular,
drained soil. Z3–9 H9–1. A. napellus ‘Albiflorus’ has white flowers. baneberry). Clump-forming perennial. orange flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, in early
Z3–8 H8–3. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Small, spring. Has narrowly oval leaves, 4in
Acnistus australis. See Iochroma A. ‘Newry Blue’. Upright, tuberous fluffy, white flowers are followed in (10cm) long. Needs shade in summer.
australe. perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). fall by clusters of poisonous, rounded, H11–6.
Produces hooded, dark blue flowers on scarlet berries, borne above oval,
ACOKANTHERA erect stems in summer and has deeply divided, bright green leaves. Z4–8 ADANSONIA
divided, glossy, dark green leaves. H8–1. f. neglecta, syn. A. alba has
APOCYNACEAE Z5–8 H8–5. white berries. Baobab
A. orientale. See A. lycoctonum subsp. A. simplex. See Cimicifuga simplex.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, vulparia. BOMBACACEAE/MALVACEAE
grown for their flowers and overall A. ‘Spark’s Variety’. Upright, tuberous ACTINIDIA
appearance. Requires full light and perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
good drainage. Water container plants Bears violet-blue flowers on branching ACTINIDIACEAE mainly spring-flowering trees, grown for
moderately, less when not in full growth. stems in summer and has deeply their characteristically swollen trunks, their
Propagate by seed in spring or fall or by divided, glossy, dark green leaves. Genus of mainly deciduous, woody- foliage and for shade. Has flowers only on
Z5–8 H8–5. stemmed, twining climbers. Grows in large, mature specimens. Requires full light
semiripe cuttings in summer. T The sap A. ‘Stainless Steel’, illus. p.241. partial shade but needs sun for fruit and sharply drained soil. Allow soil of
A. volubile. See A. hemsleyanum. to form and ripen. Grows in any well- container specimens almost to dry out
and small, plum-like fruits that follow A. vulparia. See A. lycoctonum subsp. drained soil that does not dry out. between waterings. Propagate by seed
the flowers are highly toxic if ingested. vulparia. Prune in winter if necessary. Propagate sown in spring. Pot specimens under
A. oblongifolia, syn. A. spectabilis, by seed in spring or fall, by semiripe glass are susceptible to red spider mite.
Carissa spectabilis (Wintersweet), illus. ACORUS cuttings in mid-summer or by layering A. digitata (Baobab). Slow-growing,
p.453. in winter. semievergreen, rounded tree. H and S 50ft
A. spectabilis. See A. oblongifolia. Sweet flag A. arguta (Hardy kiwi). Deciduous, (15m) or more. Has palmate leaves of 5–7
woody-stemmed,  twining climber. lustrous, green leaflets. Produces fragrant,
A ACONITUM ACORACEAE H 22–30ft (7–10m). Has ovate to oblong– pendent, long-stalked, white flowers, with
ovate, bristle-toothed, dark green leaves, 5 reflexed petals, in spring, followed by
500 Aconite, Monkshood, Wolf’s bane Genus of semievergreen, perennial, to 5in (12cm) long. In early summer edible, sausage-shaped, brown fruits. Z11
marginal and submerged water plants, produces clusters of fragrant, cup-shaped, H11–10.
RANUNCULACEAE grown for their frequently aromatic white, unisexual flowers which in male
foliage. Needs an open, sunny position. plants have purple anthers. Oblong, ADENIUM
Genus of perennials with poisonous, A. calamus requires up to 10in (25cm) smooth-skinned, edible, yellow-green
tuberous or fibrous roots and upright, depth of water. Tidy up fading foliage fruits, to 1in (2.5cm) long, are produced Desert rose
sometimes scandent, stems, bearing in fall and lift and divide plants every on female plants. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Issai’ is
curious, hooded flowers in summer. Leaves 3 or 4 years, in spring, as clumps self-fertile. APOCYNACEAE
are mostly rounded in outline. Is good become congested. A. chinensis. See A. deliciosa.
when grown in rock gardens and borders. A. calamus ‘Argenteostriatus’, illus. A. deliciosa, syn. A. chinensis Genus of perennial succulents with fleshy,
Prefers a position in sun, but tolerates p.435. (Chinese gooseberry, Kiwi fruit). swollen trunks. Needs sun or partial shade
some shade and this may enhance flower A. gramineus var. pusillus (Dwarf Vigorous, mainly deciduous, woody- and well-drained soil; plants are very prone
color. Requires fertile, well-drained soil. Japanese rush). Semievergreen, perennial, stemmed, twining climber. H 28–30ft to rotting. Propagate by seed sown in
Propagate by division in fall, every 2–3 marginal water plant or submerged (9–10m). Heart-shaped leaves are
aquarium plant. H and S 4in (10cm). Has 5–8in (13–20cm) long. In summer bears spring or summer. T The milky sap that
years, or by seed in fall. T Contact with narrow, grasslike, stiff leaves. Rarely, clusters of cup-shaped, white flowers
insignificant, greenish flower spikes are that later turn yellowish, followed by exudes from broken stems may irritate skin
the foliage may irritate skin; all parts are produced in summer. Z10–11 H11–2. edible, hairy, brown fruits. To obtain and cause severe discomfort if ingested.
highly toxic if ingested. ‘Variegatus’ (Variegated Japanese rush) , fruits, both male and female plants must A. obesum, illus. p.486.
A. anthora. Compact, tuberous perennial. illus. p.435. usually be grown. Z7–9 H9–7.
H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has erect, A. kolomikta, illus. p.201. ADENOCARPUS
leafy stems that bear several hooded, ACRADENIA A. pilosula. Vigorous, deciduous,
yellow flowers in summer. Leaves are woody-stemmed, twining climber. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
divided and dark green. Z5–8 H8–5. RUTACEAE H 16–22ft (5–7m). Has lance-shaped,
A. x bicolor. See A. x cammarum ‘Bicolor’. pointed, bristle-margined, dark green Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
A. ‘Bressingham Spire’. Compact, Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for leaves with silvery-white markings at shrubs, grown for their profuse, broom-
upright, tuberous perennial. H 3ft (1m), their foliage and flowers. Requires a the leaf tips that often also cover half the like, yellow flowers, which are produced in
S 20in (50cm). Very erect spikes of hooded, sheltered position in sun or semi-shade leaf surface. Clusters of cup-shaped, spring or early summer Requires a site in
violet-blue flowers are produced in and fertile, well-drained soil. Does best pink, unisexual flowers are borne singly full sun and well-drained soil. Does best
summer. Bears deeply divided leaves that planted against a south- or west-facing or in small clusters in the leaf axils in grown against a south-or west-facing wall.
are glossy and dark green. Z3–7 H8–3. wall. Propagate by semiripe cuttings spring. Egg-shaped, edible, yellow-green Propagate by seed sown in fall.
A. x cammarum ‘Bicolor’, syn. A. x in summer. fruits may be produced on female plants. A. viscosus. Semievergreen, arching
bicolor, illus. p.239. A. frankliniae, illus. p.192. Z7–9 H9–1. shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Gray-green leaves
A. carmichaelii ‘Arends’, syn. A. A. polygama (Silver vine). Mainly with 3 narrowly lance-shaped leaflets
carmichaelii ‘Arendsii’. Erect, tuberous Acroclinium. See Rhodanthe. deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining densely cover shoots. Produces dense,
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). Has Acroclinium roseum. See Rhodanthe climber. H 12–20ft (4–6m). Heart-shaped terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers
divided, rich green leaves and, in fall, chlorocephala subsp. rosea. leaves, 3–5in (7–13cm) long, are bronze in late spring. Z10–11 H12–9.
spikes of hooded, rich deep blue flowers. when young and sometimes have creamy
Upright stems may need staking, ACTAEA upper sections. In summer has scented, ADENOPHORA
particularly if planted in a shady site. cup-shaped, white flowers, usually
Z3–8 H8–3. ‘Arendsii’. See A. carmichaelii Baneberry arranged in groups of 3 male, female or Gland bellflower
‘Arends’. bisexual, followed by edible but not very
A. hemsleyanum, syn. A. volubile, illus. RANUNCULACEAE palatable, egg-shaped, bright yellow CAMPANULACEAE
p.204. fruits. Z4–9 H9–7.
A. ‘Ivorine’. Upright, tuberous Genus of clump-forming perennials, grown Genus of summer-flowering, fleshy-rooted
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm). for their colorful, poisonous berries. Likes perennials. Requires a site in full sun and
Bears hooded, creamy-white flowers in woodland conditions—moist, peaty soil and rich, well-drained but not over-dry soil.
erect spikes in early summer. Strong shade. Propagate by division in spring or May sometimes become invasive but
stems bear deeply divided, glossy, green resents disturbance. Propagate by basal
leaves. Z3–8 H8–3. by seed in fall. T The berries are highly cuttings taken in early spring or by seed
A. lycoctonum subsp. vulparia, syn. sown in fall.
A. orientale, A. vulparia, illus. p.243. toxic if ingested. A. potaninii. Rosette-forming perennial.
H 18in (45cm) or more, S 24in (60cm).
Arching sprays of bell-shaped, pale bluish-

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lavender flowers are produced in late ADROMISCHUS leaves with spiny edges and usually banded above, purplish below. Produces tubular,
summer. Has oval to lance-shaped, basal, with gray scales beneath. Spikes of small, greenish flowers, with dark brown
mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. CRASSULACEAE tubular, yellow flowers open above large, markings, borne in terminal clusters
red bracts in summer. Z9–11 H11–1. in summer. Z15 H11–10.
Adhatoda duvernoia. See Justicia Genus of perennial succulents and A. recurvata, illus. p.471. Evergreen, A. marmoratus. See A. longicaulis.
adhatoda. evergreen subshrubs with rounded, thin basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and A. pulcher (Lipstick plant, Royal red
or fat leaves. Needs partial shade and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Narrowly triangular, bugler). Evergreen, climbing or trailing
ADIANTUM very well-drained soil. Propagate by leaf tapered, spiny-edged, arching, red-flushed, perennial. H and S indefinite. Produces
or stem cuttings in spring or summer. mid-green leaves are produced in dense thick, oval leaves and small, tubular,
Maidenhair fern A. cooperi, syn. Cotyledon cooperi, rosettes. In summer bears a short, dense hooded, bright red flowers, with yellow
Echeveria cooperi (Plover eggs). Freely spike of tubular, red-and-white flowers, with throats, borne in terminal clusters from
ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE branching perennial succulent. H 4in red bracts, just above leaves. Z9–11 H11–1. summer to winter. Z14–15 H11–10.
(10cm), S to 6in (15cm). Has grayish-brown A. speciosus, syn. A. splendens, illus.
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or stems and inversely lance-shaped, glossy, AEGOPODIUM p.478.
evergreen ferns. Prefers semi-shade and gray-green leaves, to 2in (5cm) long, often A. splendens. See A. speciosus.
moist, neutral to acid soil (A. aleuticum purple-marked above. In summer produces Bishop’s weed, Goutweed A. zebrinus. See A. longicaulis.
prefers alkaline soil). Remove fading fronds tubular, green-and-red flowers, with white-
regularly. Propagate by spores in summer. margined, pink or purple lobes, on a stem UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE AESCULUS A
A. aleuticum, syn. A. pedatum var. 10in (25cm) or more long. Z14–15 H11–10.
aleuticum, illus. p.291. A. maculatus, illus. p.492. Genus of invasive, rhizomatous perennials, Buckeye, Horse chestnut 501
A. capillus-veneris (Maidenhair fern). most of which are weeds although
Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H and AECHMEA A. podagraria ‘Variegatum’ provides HIPPOCASTANACEAE/SAPINDACEAE
S 12in (30cm). Has dainty, triangular to excellent groundcover. Tolerates sun or
oval, segmented, arching, light green BROMELIACEAE shade and any well-drained soil. Propagate Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
fronds borne on black stems. Z8–11 H11–8. by division of rhizomes in spring or fall. grown for their bold, divided leaves and
A. cuneatum. See A. raddianum. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, A. podagraria ‘Variegatum’. Vigorous, conspicuous, upright panicles or clusters
A. pedatum, illus. p.291. var. aleuticum. epiphytic perennials, cultivated for their spreading perennial. H 4in (10cm), of flowers, followed by fruits (horse-
See A. aleuticum. foliage, flowers, and fruits. May be grown S indefinite. Has lobed, creamy-white- chestnuts) sometimes with spiny outer
A. raddianum, syn. A. cuneatum (Delta in full light or a semi-shaded site. Provide variegated leaves. Insignificant, white casings. Requires sun or semi-shade and
maidenhair). Semievergreen or evergreen a rooting medium of equal parts rich soil flowers, borne in summer, are best fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species
fern. H and S 12in (30cm). Triangular, and either sphagnum moss or bark or removed. Z4–9 H9–1. by sowing seed in fall, cultivars by budding
divided, pale green segments are borne plastic chips used for orchid culture. Using in late summer or by grafting in late winter.
on finely dissected fronds that have soft water, water moderately in summer, AEONIUM Leaf spot may affect young foliage, and
purplish-black stems. Z11 H11–10. sparingly at all other times, and keep cup- coral spot fungus may attack damaged
‘Fritz Lüthi’ has bright green fronds. like, rosette centers filled with water from CRASSULACEAE
‘Grandiceps’ (Tassel maidenhair) has spring through to fall. Propagate by offsets wood. T All parts of these plants may
elegant, tasselled fronds. in late spring. Genus of perennial succulents, some of
A. tenerum (Brittle maidenhair fern). A. distichantha. Evergreen, basal- which are short-lived, and evergreen, cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H 1–3ft rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and succulent shrubs, grown for their rosettes A. californica, illus. p.81.
(30cm–1m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Broadly S to 3ft (1m). Forms dense rosettes of of bright green or blue-green, occasionally A. x carnea (Red horse-chestnut). ‘Briotii’,
lance-shaped, much-divided, spreading, narrowly oblong, round-tipped, arching purple, leaves. Prefers partial shade and illus. p.60.
mid-green fronds consist of rounded or leaves that are dull green above, gray very well-drained soil. Most species grow A. chinensis, illus. p.60.
diamond-shaped pinnae. Z9–11 H11–9. and scaly beneath. Has panicles of small, from fall to spring and are semi-dormant in A. flava, syn. A. octandra, illus. p.76.
A. venustum, illus. p.292. tubular, purple or blue flowers among mid-summer. Propagate by seed in summer A. glabra (Ohio buckeye). Deciduous,
white-felted, pink bracts, usually in or, for branching species, by stem cuttings round-headed, sometimes shrubby
ADLUMIA summer. Z15 H11–1. in spring or summer. tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Leaves, usually
A. fasciata, syn. Billbergia rhodocyanea A. arboreum. Bushy, perennial succulent. composed of 5 narrowly oval leaflets, are
PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE (Silver vase plant, Urn plant), illus. p.471. H to 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Branched stems dark green. Bears 4-petaled, greenish-
Evergreen, tubular-rosetted, epiphytic are each crowned by a rosette, up to yellow flowers in upright clusters in late
Genus of one species of herbaceous, perennial. H 16–24in (40–60cm), S 12–20in 6in (15cm) across, of broadly lance-shaped, spring and early summer. Z3–7 H7–1.
biennial, leaf-stalk climber, grown for its (30–50cm). Has loose rosettes of broadly glossy, bright green leaves. In spring A. hippocastanum (Common horse
leaves and flowers. Grows in semi-shade oblong, round-tipped, incurved, arching produces cones of small, star-shaped, chestnut). Vigorous, deciduous, spreading
in any soil. Propagate by seed in spring. leaves with dense, gray scales and silver golden flowers on 2–3-year-old stems, tree. H 60ft (18m), S 50ft (15m). Has large
A. cirrhosa. See A. fungosa. cross-banding. Bears dense, pyramidal which then die back. Z9–11 H9–4. leaves with 5 or 7 leaflets and spires of white
A. fungosa, syn. A. cirrhosa (Allegheny panicles of tubular, blue-purple flowers ‘Schwarzkopf’. See A. ‘Zwartkop’. flowers, flushed pink and yellow in centers
vine, Climbing fumitory). Herbaceous, among pink bracts, just above foliage, A. haworthii, illus. p.489. in spring. Spiny fruits contain glossy, brown
biennial, leaf-stalk climber. H 10–12ft from spring to fall. H11–1. A. tabuliforme, illus. p.491. nuts in fall. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Baumannii’,
(3–4m). Delicate leaves have numerous A. Foster’s Favorite Group (Lacquered A. ‘Zwartkop’, syn. A. arboreum H 100ft (30m), has dark green leaves turning
leaflets. Tiny, tubular, spurred, white or wine-cup). Evergreen, basal-rosetted, ‘Schwarzkopf’, illus. p.310. to yellow in fall and double, yellow- or red-
purplish flowers are borne in drooping epiphytic perennial. H and S 12–24in marked, white flowers.
panicles in summer. Z3–7 H7–1. (30–60cm). Has loose rosettes of strap- AESCHYNANTHUS A. indica (Indian horse-chestnut).
shaped, arching, lustrous, wine-red leaves. Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),
ADONIS Drooping spikes of small, tubular, deep GESNERIACEAE S 40ft (12m). Glossy, dark green leaves with
purple-blue flowers are borne in summer, usually 7 narrowly oval leaflets are bronze
RANUNCULACEAE followed by pear-shaped, red fruits. Genus of evergreen, climbing, trailing or when young, orange or yellow in fall.
Z15 H11–1. creeping perennials, useful for growing Upright panicles of 4-petaled, pink-tinged,
Genus of spring-flowering perennials, A. fulgens (Coral berry). Evergreen, in hanging baskets. Needs a fairly humid white flowers, marked with red or yellow,
grown for their foliage and flowers. Some basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and atmosphere and a position out of direct appear in mid-summer. Z7–8 H8–7.
thrive in semi-shade; others require an S 16–30in (40–75cm). Forms loose rosettes sun. Water sparingly in low temperatures. ‘Sydney Pearce’, illus. p.73.
open, well-drained site. Propagate by seed of broadly oblong, arching, glossy, mid- Propagate by tip cuttings in spring or A. x neglecta (Sunrise horse-chestnut).
when fresh, in late summer, or by division green leaves with gray scales beneath summer. ‘Erythroblastos’, illus. p.72.
after flowering. and rounded or pointed tips. In summer A. ‘Black Pagoda’. Semi-trailing A. octandra. See A. flava.
A. amurensis (Amur adonis). Clump- produces, above foliage, erect panicles of perennial. H 24in (60cm), S to 18in (45cm). A. parviflora, illus. p.113.
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 9–12in small, tubular, violet-purple flowers that Has elliptic leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, A. pavia (Red buckeye). Deciduous, round-
(23–30cm). Mid-green leaves are finely cut. turn red with age. These are succeeded pale green with dark brown marbling headed, sometimes shrubby tree. H 15ft
Bears cup-shaped, golden flowers singly by small, rounded to ovoid, red fruits on above, and purple beneath. Bears terminal (5m), S 10ft (3m). Glossy, dark green leaves
at the tips of stems in late winter and early red stalks. Z15 H11–1. clusters of deep burnt-orange flowers, consist of 5 narrowly oval leaflets. Has
spring. Z4–7 H7–1. A. nudicaulis. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, with green calyces, from summer to winter. panicles of 4-petaled, red flowers in early
A. brevistyla. Clump-forming perennial. epiphytic perennial. H and S 16–30in Z15 H11–10. summer. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Atrosanguinea’,
H and S 6–9in (15–23cm). Mid-green leaves (40–75cm). Produces loose rosettes of a few A. longicaulis, syn. A. marmoratus, illus. p.86.
are finely cut. Has cup-shaped, white broadly strap-shaped, arching, olive-green A. zebrinus. Evergreen, trailing perennial. A. turbinata (Japanese horse-chestnut).
flowers, tinged blue outside and borne H and S to 24in (60cm). Oval, waxy leaves Deciduous, spreading, sturdy-branched
singly at the tips of stems in early spring. are dark green, veined yellowish-green tree. H 70ft (20m), S 40ft (12m). Large, dark
Z4–9 H9–1.
A. vernalis, illus. p.262.

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green leaves consist of 5 or 7 narrowly oval are borne on strong stems in summer, A. rugosa var. rugosa. See A. incurvata. A. flexispina. Basal-rosetted, perennial
leaflets. Panicles of creamy-white flowers above narrow, grayish-green leaves. A. serpens, illus. p.461. succulent. H 14in (35cm), S 30in (75cm).
appear in late spring and early summer. Z7–11 H11–7. A. variegata var. macrantha, syn. Sword-shaped, glaucous to yellowish-
Z6–8 H8–6. A. ‘Cherry Holley’. Clump-forming A. macrantha, illus. p.461. green leaves have wavy margins and
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). flexible, brown spines. Flower stem, to
AETHIONEMA Rounded umbels of dark blue flowers, AGASTACHE 111/2ft (3.5m) long, bears a rather open
borne in summer above narrow leaves, panicle of cylindrical, red-tinged, greenish-
Stonecress do not fade to purple with age. Mexican giant hyssop yellow flowers, 3/4in (2cm) long, in summer.
Z7–10 H10–7. Z8–10 H11–8.
BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE A. ‘Dorothy Palmer’. Clump-forming LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE A. macroacantha, illus. p.482. Basal-
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). rosetted, perennial succulent. H 12–16in
Genus of short-lived, evergreen or Rounded umbels of rich blue flowers, Genus of summer-flowering perennials (30–40cm), S 10–16in (25–40cm). Has
semievergreen shrubs, subshrubs and fading to reddish-mauve, are borne on with aromatic leaves. Requires full sun and narrowly sword-shaped, toothed, bluish-
perennials, grown for their prolific erect stems above narrow, grayish-green fertile, well-drained soil. Plants are short- gray leaves with dark brown spines.
flowers. Needs sun and well-drained leaves in late summer. Z9–11 H12–7. lived and should be propagated each year Flower stem, to 6ft (2m) long, bears
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in A. inapertus. Clump-forming perennial. by softwood or semiripe cuttings taken in slender panicles of tubular, purple-tinged,
spring or by seed in fall. Most species H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Pendent, late summer. green flowers, 2in (5cm) long, and
self-seed readily. narrowly tubular, blue flowers are borne A. ‘Black Adder’, illus. p.280. sometimes bulbils, in summer.
A. armenum, illus. p.364. on very erect stems, above narrow, bluish- A. mexicana, syn. Brittonastrum Z8–11 H11–4.
A. grandiflorum, syn. A. pulchellum, green leaves, in late summer and fall. Z9–11 mexicanum, Cedronella mexicana (Mexican A. maculosa, syn. Manfreda maculosa.
illus. p.338. H11–7. subsp. pendulus ‘Graskop’, giant hyssop). Upright perennial with Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent.
A. iberideum (Iberis stonecress). illus. p.240. aromatic leaves. H to 3ft (1m), S to 1ft H 24–72in (20–60cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm).
Evergreen or semievergreen, rounded, A. ‘Lilliput’. Compact, clump-forming (30cm). In summer bears whorls of Lance-shaped, grooved, dark green
compact shrub. H and S 6in (15cm). perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm). Has small, tubular flowers in shades of pink leaves, with small, distantly spaced
Bears small, lance-shaped, gray-green small, rounded umbels of dark blue flowers to crimson. Leaves are oval, pointed, teeth, sometimes have dark green- or
leaves and, in summer, 3/4in (2cm) in summer. Leaves are narrow and mid- toothed and mid-green. Z7–11 H11–7. brown-spotted patterns. Flower stem,
stems each bear a raceme of small, green. Z6–9 H9–4. to 6ft (1.8m) long, bears narrow spikes
saucer-shaped, white flowers. A. ‘Loch Hope’. Clump-forming Agathaea. See Felicia. of bell-shaped, white to yellowish-white
Z6–8 H8–6. perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in (50cm). flowers, 5/8in (1.5cm) long, in summer.
A. pulchellum. See A. grandiflorum. Bears large, rounded umbels of deep blue AGATHOSMA Z8–11 H12–5.
A. ‘Warley Rose’, illus. p.362. flowers in late summer and early fall, A. parrasana, illus. p.482. Basal-
A. ‘Warley Ruber’. Evergreen or above narrow, grayish-green leaves. RUTACEAE rosetted, compact, perennial succulent.
semievergreen, rounded, compact Z8–11 H12–1. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
subshrub. H and S 6in (15cm). Has tiny, A. ‘Northern Star’, illus. p.241. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their Ovate, closely packed and overlapping,
linear, bluish-green leaves. Racemes of A. orientalis. See A. praecox subsp. flowers and overall appearance. Needs full thick, rigid, light gray leaves have
small, deep rose-pink flowers are produced orientalis. light and well-drained, acid soil. Water toothed margins with short, grayish-
on 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) stems in spring– A. ‘Phantom’. Evergreen, clump-forming container specimens moderately, less when brown spines. Flower stem, 10–13ft
summer. Z6–8 H8–6. perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or not in full growth. Propagate by semiripe (3–4m) long, produces ellipsoidal panicles
more. Large, rounded clusters of white cuttings in late summer. of bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers,
A AGAPANTHUS flowers, flushed pale blue at the edges, A. pulchella, syn. Barosma pulchella. 2in (5cm) long, flushed red or purple,
are borne on sturdy stems in mid- to late Evergreen, rounded, wiry, aromatic shrub. in summer. Z9–11 H12–4.
502 African blue lily summer. Has broadly strap-shaped, bright H and S to 3ft (1m). Has a dense mass A. parryi, illus. p.489.
green leaves, Z9–11 H12–1. of small, oval, leathery leaves. Small, A. parviflora, illus. p.482. Basal-rosetted,
AGAPANTHACEAE A. praecox subsp. orientalis, syn. 5-petaled, purple flowers are freely perennial succulent. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in
A. orientalis, illus. p.242. produced in terminal clusters in spring– (50cm). Has narrow, white-marked, dark
Genus of clump-forming perennials, some A. ‘Purple Cloud’, illus. p.241. summer. Z9–10 H11–9. green leaves with white fibers peeling from
of which are evergreen, with erect stems edges. Produces white flowers in summer.
that carry large umbels of bell- to tubular- AGAPETES AGAVE H11–10.
bell-shaped or trumpet-shaped flowers, A. polianthes. See Polianthes tuberosa.
usually blue and often fading to purple SYN. PENTAPTERYGIUM AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE A. polianthiflora, illus. p.482. Basal-
with age. Leaves are strap-shaped. rosetted, perennial succulent. H 4–8in
Grows in full sun and in moist, well- ERICACEAE Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents (10–20cm), S 4–12in (10–30cm). Lance-
drained soil. Protect crowns in winter with sword-shaped, sharp-toothed leaves. shaped, white-marked, mid-green leaves
with ash or mulch. Plants increase slowly Genus of evergreen or deciduous, Small species, to 1ft (30cm) high, flower have wispy, white filaments on the margins;
but may be propagated by division in scandent shrubs and semi-scrambling only after 5–10 years; tall species, to 15ft minute teeth are borne only towards leaf
spring; may also be raised from seed in climbers, grown for their flowers. Needs (5m) high, may take 20–40 years to flower. bases. Red flower stem, 3–6ft (1–2m) long,
fall or spring. Named cultivars will not full light or partial shade and a rich, well- Requires full sun and well-drained soil. bears narrow spikes of tubular, pink and
come true from seed. drained but not dry, neutral to acid soil. Propagate by seed or offsets in spring red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) long, in summer.
A. africanus (African lily). Evergreen, Water potted specimens freely when in or summer. Z10–11 H12–5.
clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in full growth, but moderately at other A. americana (Century plant). Basal- A. potatorum (Buterfly agave), illus.
(50cm). In late summer has rounded umbels times. Overlong stems may be cut back rosetted, perennial succulent. H 3–6ft p.482. Basal-rosetted, compact, perennial
of deep blue flowers on upright stems, to promote branching, but they are best (1–2m), S 6–10ft (2–3m) or more. Has succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 12–18in
above broad, dark green leaves. Z9–10 tied to supports. Propagate by seed sown sharply pointed, toothed leaves, to (30–45cm). Broadly sword-shaped,
H11–1. in spring or by semiripe cuttings taken in 5–6ft (1.5–2m) long. Branched flower stem, glaucous-white to green leaves have
A. ‘Alice Gloucester’. Clump-forming late summer. to 25ft (8m) long, bears dense, tapering wavy to notched margins and sharp,
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). A. incurvata, syn. A. rugosa var. rugosa. spikes of bell-shaped, white sinuous, chestnut-brown spines. Red
Produces large, dense, rounded umbels of Evergreen, loose shrub with arching or to pale creamy-yellow flowers, each to purple flower stem, 10–13ft (3–4m)
white flowers in summer, above narrow, spreading stems. H and S to 10ft (3m). 31/2in (9cm) long, in spring–summer. Offsets long, produces egg-shaped panicles of
mid-green leaves. Z7–11 H10–7. Leaves are lance-shaped, wrinkled and freely. Z8–11 H12–5. ‘Marginata’, (illus. bell-shaped, red-tinged, light green to
A. ‘Ben Hope’. Clump-forming perennial. bright green. In spring, clusters of pendent, p.482), H and S 6ft (2m), has yellow margins yellowish flowers, 2–3in (5–8cm) long,
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Erect stems urn-shaped, white flowers, patterned and a central green zone to each leaf. Z9–11 in summer. Z10–11 H12–9.
support dense, rounded umbels of deep with purple-red, are borne from leaf axils. H11–5. ‘Mediopicta’, H and S 6ft (2m), has A. schottii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
blue flowers in late summer and early fall, Z12–13 H11–10. central, yellow stripes along leaves. Z8–11 succulent. H 8–16in (20–40cm), S 12–18in
borne over narrow, grayish-green leaves. A. ‘Ludgvan Cross’. Evergreen, H12–5. ‘Striata’, illus. p.481. (30–45cm). Narrowly linear, yellowish-
Z7–10 H10–7. scandent shrub with arching or pendulous A. attenuata, illus. p.489. green to green leaves have margins bearing
A. ‘Blue Giant’. Clump-forming stems. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Lance-shaped A. duplicata. See Polianthes geminiflora. brittle threads. Often crooked flower stem,
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm). Has leaves are dark green. Urn-shaped, red A. filifera (Thread agave), illus. p.482. to 6ft (2m) long, produces slender spike of
rounded heads of open, bell-shaped, rich flowers with darker patterns are produced Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent. H 3ft tubular, yellow flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm)
blue flowers in mid- to late summer. Z8–11 in spring. Z10–11 H11–7. (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has narrow, green leaves, long, in summer. Z8–11 H12–7.
H11–1. A. macrantha. See A. variegata var. each spined at the tip. White leaf margins
A. campanulatus. Clump-forming macrantha. gradually break away, leaving long, white
perennial. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 20in fibers. Produces yellow-green flowers on
(50cm). Rounded umbels of blue flowers a 8ft (2.5m) tall stem in summer. Offsets
freely. H11–5.

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A. utahensis. Basal-rosetted, perennial cultivars, H and S 12in (30cm); medium, AICHRYSON AKEBIA A
succulent. H 9in (23cm) or more, S 6ft H and S 8in (20cm); dwarf, H and S 6in
(2m). Has rigid, blue-gray leaves, each (15cm). All have oval, mid-green leaves CRASSULACEAE Chocolate vine 503
with spines up margins and a long, and clusters of feathery, brushlike flower
dark spine at tip. Flower stem, to 5ft heads throughout summer and into fall. Genus of annual and perennial LARDIZABALACEAE
(1.5m) long, bears yellow flowers in Is useful for bedding. Z10–11 H11–1. succulents, often shrub-like, grown for
summer. Z11 H12–6. ‘Blue Danube’ (dwarf), illus. p.313. ‘Blue their fleshy, spoon-shaped to rounded, Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
A. victoriae-reginae, illus. p.482. Mink’ (tall), illus. p.314. Hawaii Series hairy leaves. Most species are short-lived, woody-stemmed, twining climbers,
Very slow-growing, domed, perennial includes uniform, compact plants, with dying after flowering. Requires a grown for their leaves and flowers.
succulent with a basal rosette of spineless deep to pale blue or white flower heads. position in full sun or partial shade and Individual plants seldom produce fruits;
white-striped and -edged leaves. Has ‘Pacific’ (medium) is neat, with tight very well-drained soil. Propagate cross-pollination between 2 individuals
cream flowers on 12ft (4m) tall stem in clusters of deep violet-blue flower heads. by seed or stem cuttings in spring is required for fruit formation. Prefers a
spring-summer after 20-30 years. Z9–11 ‘Swing Pink’ (dwarf) has pink flower or summer. position in full sun and any good, well-
H12–5. ‘Compacta’, H 12in (30cm), heads. A. x aizoides. var. domesticum drained soil. Tolerates an east- or north-
S 18in (45cm), has tight fitting, tapered, ‘Variegatum’, syn. A. x domesticum facing position. Dislikes disturbance.
deep green leaves, each with a small, AGLAONEMA ‘Variegatum’ illus. p.495. May be propagated in a number of
terminal spine and smooth, spineless, A. x domesticum ‘Variegatum’. See ways: by seed sown in fall or spring;
white margins. Flower stem, to 16ft (5m) Chinese evergreen A. x aizoides var. domesticum ‘Variegatum’. by semiripe cuttings taken in summer;
long, bears a narrow, dense spike of or by layering in winter.
funnel-shaped, purple- or red-tinged, ARACEAE AILANTHUS A. lobata. See A. trifoliata.
cream flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, A. x pentaphylla, illus. p.194.
in summer. Genus of evergreen, erect, tufted SIMAROUBACEAE A. quinata, illus. p.193.
A. zebra. Basal-rosetted, perennial perennials, grown mainly for their foliage. A. trifoliata, syn. A. lobata, illus.
succulent. H 4ft (1m), S 11/2–3ft (45–60cm). Tolerates shade, although the variegated Genus of deciduous trees, grown for p.204.
Lance-shaped, thick, rigid, rough, wavy- forms need more light, and prefers moist their foliage and 3–5-winged fruits.
margined, patterned, light gray leaves have but well-drained soil. Water moderately They are very tolerant of urban pollution, ALANGIUM
curved, gray spines. Flower stem, 20–25ft when in full growth, less in winter. drought, and poor soil, but because
(6–8m) long, produces narrow, panicle of Propagate by division or stem cuttings in of their tendency to escape cultivation ALANGIACEAE/CORNACEAE
bell-shaped, yellow flowers, 13⁄4in (4.5cm) summer. Mealy bug may be a problem. they are considered noxious weeds in
long, in summer. Z11. A. commutatum. Evergreen, erect, tufted parts of the northeastern United States. Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees
perennial. H and S to 18in (45cm) or more. Needs sun or semi-shade. To grow as and shrubs, grown for their foliage and
AGERATINA Broadly lance-shaped leaves are 12in shrubs, cut back hard in spring, after flowers. Needs full sun and any fertile,
(30cm) long and dark green with irregular, which vigorous shoots bearing very well-drained soil. Propagate by sowing
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE grayish-white patches along lateral veins. large leaves are produced. Propagate seed in spring or by taking softwood
Has greenish-white spathes produced in by seed sown in fall or by suckers or cuttings in summer.
Genus of perennials, subshrubs and summer. Z14–15 H11–1. ‘Malay Beauty’, root cuttings taken in winter. May be A. platanifolium. Deciduous, upright,
shrubs, many of which are evergreen, syn. A. commutatum ‘Pewter’ bears very invasive in parts of North America. treelike shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
grown mainly for their flowers, some dark green leaves mottled greenish-white Produces maple-like, 3-lobed, mid-green
also for their architectural foliage. and cream. Z15 H11–1. ‘Pewter’. See T Male flowers are unpleasantly leaves. Fragrant, tubular, white flowers
Requires full light or partial shade. A. commutatum ‘Malay Beauty’. ‘Treubii’, are borne from early to mid-summer.
Tolerates any conditions, although most illus. p.468. scented; the pollen may cause an Z7–8 H8–7.
species prefer moist but well-drained A. pictum, illus. p.475. allergic reaction.
soil. Water container plants freely when A. ‘Silver King’, illus. p.475. A. altissima, syn. A. glandulosa, illus. ALBIZIA
in full growth, moderately at other p.63.
times. Propagate by seed in spring, AGONIS A. glandulosa. See A. altissima. LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE
shrubs and subshrubs by softwood
or greenwood cuttings in summer, Willow myrtle AJUGA Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
perennials by division in early spring or trees, grown for their feathery foliage
fall. Red spider mite and whitefly may MYRTACEAE Bugleweed and unusual flower heads, composed
be troublesome. of numerous stamens and resembling
A. altissima, syn. Eupatorium ageratoides, Genus of evergreen, mainly spring- LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE bottlebrushes. Requires full sun and well-
Eupatorium rugosum, Eupatorium flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their drained soil. May be short-lived, and its
urticifolium, illus. p.231. Erect perennial. foliage, flowers and graceful appearance. Genus of annuals and perennials, some seedlings may become a nusiance. A.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has nettle- Needs full light and well-drained but of which are semievergreen or evergreen julibrissin may be grown as a summer
like, gray-green leaves. In late summer moisture-retentive soil. Water container and excellent as groundcover. Tolerates bedding plant for its foliage. Propagate by
bears dense, flat, white flower heads. specimens moderately, scarcely at all sun or shade and any soil, but grows more seed in fall. Susceptible to fungal disease
Z4–8 H8–2 in winter. Pruning is tolerated when vigorously in moist conditions. Propagate verticillum.
A. ligustrina, syn. Eupatorium necessary. Propagate by seed in spring by division in spring. A. distachya. See Paraserianthes
ligustrinum, Eupatorium micranthum, or by semiripe cuttings in summer. A. pyramidalis (Pyramidal bugle). lophantha.
Eupatorium weinmannianum. Evergreen, A. flexuosa, illus. p.450. Semievergreen perennial. H 6in (15cm), A. julibrissin, illus. p.86.
rounded shrub. H and S 6–12ft (2–4m). Has S 18in (45cm). Forms a creeping carpet of A. lophantha. See Paraserianthes
elliptic to lance-shaped, bright green leaves AGROSTEMMA oblong to spoon-shaped, deep green lophantha.
and, in fall, fragrant, groundsel-like, white leaves, above which are borne spikes of
or pink flowers produced in flattened Corn cockle whorled, 2-lipped, blue flowers in spring. ALBUCA
clusters, 4–8in (10–20cm) across. Z13–15 Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Metallica Crispa’ has crisp,
H11–1. CARYOPHYLLACEAE curled leaves, with a metallic-bronze lustre, HYACINTHACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
and dark blue flowers.
AGERATUM Genus of summer-flowering annuals. Grow A. reptans ‘Atropurpurea’. Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
in sun; flowers best in very well-drained Evergreen, groundcover perennial, bulbs. Needs an open, sunny position
Floss flower soil that is not very fertile. Support with spreading freely by runners. H 6in (15cm), and well-drained soil. Dies down in
sticks and deadhead to prolong flowering. S 36in (90cm). Has small rosettes of ovate spring or late summer after flowering.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Propagate by seed sown in situ in spring to oblong-spoon-shaped, toothed or Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets
or early fall. A. githago escapes cultivation slightly lobed, glossy, deep bronze-purple when dormant.
Genus of annuals and biennials. Grow readily and is considered invasive in parts leaves. Short spikes of 2-lipped, blue A. canadensis, syn. A. major, A. minor.
in sun and in fertile, well-drained soil, flowers are borne in spring. Z3–9 H9–1. Spring-flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm),
which should not be allowed to dry out of North America. T Seeds may cause ‘Jungle Beauty’, H 15in (38cm), S 24in S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has 3–6 narrowly lance-
otherwise growth and flowering will (60cm), is semievergreen and has large, shaped, erect, basal leaves. Produces a
be poor. Dead-head regularly to ensure severe discomfort if ingested. dark green leaves, sometimes suffused loose spike of tubular, yellow flowers,
continuous flowering. Propagate by seed A. coeli-rosa. See Silene coeli-rosa. purple. ‘Multicolor’, syn. A. reptans 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) long, with a green
sown outdoors in late spring. A. githago. Fast-growing, erect annual ‘Rainbow’, H 5in (12cm), S 18in (45cm), stripe on each petal. Z11 H11–7.
A. houstonianum. Moderately fast- with thin stems. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1ft has dark green leaves, marked with cream A. humilis, illus. p.422.
growing, hummock-forming annual. Tall (30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green and pink. ‘Rainbow’. See A. reptans A. major. See A. canadensis.
leaves and, in summer, produces 5-petaled, ‘Multicolor’. A. minor. See A. canadensis.
open trumpet-shaped, pink flowers, 3in
(8cm) wide. Seeds are tiny, rounded, dark
brown and poisonous. H9–1. ‘Milas’,
illus. p.304.

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ALCEA

ALCEA in mud or up to 10in (25cm) depth of flowering bulb. H 12–24in (30–60cm), shaped, blue flowers, 1/4–1/2in (0.5–1cm)
water. Tidy up fading foliage in fall and S 3–4in (8–10cm). Linear, semierect leaves long, are borne in a small, pendent umbel.
Hollyhock remove dying flower spikes before sheathe lower two-thirds of stem. Has Z6–10 H10–6.
ripening seeds are dispersed. Propagate an umbel of pendent, cup-shaped, purple A. sphaerocephalon (Drumstick allium,
MALVACEAE by division in spring or by seed in late flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. Round-headed garlic). Clump-forming,
A. cernuum, illus. p.409. summer-flowering bulb. H to 24in (60cm),
Genus of biennials and short-lived summer. T Contact with sap may irritate A. cowanii. See A. neapolitanum. S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has linear, semierect
perennials, grown for their tall spikes of A. cristophii, syn. A. albopilosum, leaves on basal third of slender, wiry
flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained skin; all parts may cause mild stomach illus. p.411. stems and a very dense umbel, 3/4–11/2in
soil. Propagate by seed in late summer or upset if ingested. A. cyaneum. Tuft-forming, summer- (2–4cm) across, of up to 40 small, bell-
spring. Rust may be a problem. A. natans. See Luronium natans. flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 2–3in shaped, pinkish-purple flowers. Z4–11
A. rosea, syn. Althaea rosea (Hollyhock). A. plantago-aquatica, illus. p.434. (5–8cm). Leaves are threadlike and erect. H11–1.
Erect biennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S to 2ft A. ranunculoides. See Baldellia Stems each bear a small, dense umbel of A. stipitatum. Summer-flowering bulb.
(60cm). Has rounded, lobed, rough- ranunculoides. 5 or more pendent, cup-shaped, blue or H 3–4ft (1–1.5m), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Sturdy
textured leaves. Spikes of single flowers, violet-blue flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) long. stems with straplike, semierect, basal
in a range of colors including pink, yellow ALLAMANDA Z5–9 H9–5. leaves carry 50 or more star-shaped,
and cream, are borne in summer and A. cyathophorum var. farreri, illus. purplish-pink flowers in a spherical umbel,
early fall. Z3–9 H10–3. Chater’s Double APOCYNACEAE p.423. 3–5in (8–12cm) across. Z4–9 H9–1.
Group, H 6–8ft (1.8–2.4m), bears double A. flavum, illus. p.412. A. unifolium, syn. A. murrayanum of
flowers in several different colors in Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, A. giganteum, illus. p.392. gardens, illus. p.402.
summer and early fall. ‘Majorette’, scrambling climbers, grown for their A. ‘Gladiator’, illus. p.392.
H 24in (60cm), S to 12in (30cm), produces trumpet-shaped flowers. Prefers partial A. ‘Globemaster’, illus. p.392. ALNUS
double flowers, in several different shade in summer and rich, well-drained, A. hollandicum, syn. A. aflatunense
colors, in summer and early fall. neutral to acid soil. Water regularly, less of gardens. Tuft-forming, summer- Alder
‘Summer Carnival’ (annual or biennial), when not in full growth. Stems must be flowering bulb. H 3ft (1m), S 4in (10cm).
H 6–8ft (1.8–2.4m), S to 2ft (60cm), has tied to supports. Prune previous season’s Has mid-green, basal leaves dying away BETULACEAE
double flowers in mixed colors. growth back to 1 or 2 nodes in spring. by flowering time. Carries numerous star-
Propagate by softwood cuttings in spring shaped, purplish-pink flowers in a dense, Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
ALCHEMILLA or summer. Whitefly and red spider mite spherical umbel, 4in (10cm) across. Z4–11 grown mainly for their ability to thrive in
H11–1. wet situations. Flowers are borne in catkins
Lady’s mantle may be troublesome. T Contact with sap A. kansuense. See A. sikkimense. in late winter or early spring, the males
A. karataviense, illus. p.416. conspicuous and attractive, the females
ROSACEAE may irritate skin; all parts may cause mild A. macranthum. Tuft-forming, summer- forming persistent, woody, cone-like fruits.
stomach upset if ingested. flowering bulb. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 4–5in Most do best in sun and any moist or even
Genus of perennials that produce sprays A. cathartica (Golden trumpet). (10–12cm). Has linear leaves on lower part waterlogged soil, but A. cordata will also
of tiny, greenish-yellow flowers, with ‘Hendersonii’ illus. p.464. of flower stem, which bears a loose umbel grow well on poor, dry soils. Propagate
conspicuous outer calyces, in summer. of up to 20 bell-shaped, deep purple species by seed sown in fall, cultivars by
Some are good for groundcover. Grow ALLIUM flowers, each 1/2in (1cm) long, on slender budding in late summer or by hardwood
in sun or partial shade, in all but boggy stalks. Z4–10 H10–4. cuttings taken in early winter.
soils. Propagate by seed or division in Ornamemtal onion A. mairei. Clump-forming, late summer- A. cordata (Italian alder). Fast-growing,
springor fall. to fall-flowering bulb. H 4–8in (10–20cm), deciduous, conical tree. H 60ft (18m), S 30ft
A. alpina (Alpine lady’s mantle). Mound- LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE S 4–5in (10–12cm). Leaves are erect, (9m). Yellow, male catkins are borne in late
threadlike and basal. Wiry stems each bear winter and early spring, followed by heart-
A forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 24in Genus of perennials, some of which are a small, shuttlecock-shaped umbel of up shaped, glossy, deep green leaves. Has
(60cm) or more. Rounded, lobed, pale edible, with bulbs, rhizomes or fibrous to 20 upright, bell-shaped, pink flowers, persistent, round, woody fruits in fall. Z5–7
green leaves are covered in silky hairs. rootstocks. Nearly all have narrow, 1/2in (1cm) long. Z4–10 H10–4. H7–5.
Bears upright spikes of tiny, greenish- basal leaves smelling of onions when A. moly, illus. p.424. A. glutinosa (Black alder, Common alder).
yellow flowers, with conspicuous, green, crushed, and most have small flowers A. ‘Mount Everest’, illus. p.385. ‘Aurea’ is a slow-growing, deciduous,
outer calyces, in summer. Is suitable for packed together in a dense, spherical A. murrayanum. See A. acuminatum. conical tree. H to 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m).
groundcover and a dry bank. Z3–7 H8–1. or shuttlecock-shaped umbel. Dried A. murrayanum of gardens. See Has rounded leaves, bright yellow until
A. conjuncta, illus. p.275. umbels of tall border species are good A. unifolium. mid-summer, later becoming pale green.
A. mollis, illus. p.275. for winter decoration. Requires an open, A. narcissiflorum, syn. Produces yellow-brown catkins in early
sunny situation and well-drained soil; is A. pedemontanum, illus. p.422. spring. Is useful grown in a boggy area.
x ALICEARA best left undisturbed to form clumps. A. neapolitanum, syn. A. cowanii, illus. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Imperialis’ illus. p.75.
Plant in fall. Propagate by seed in fall or p.399. Cowanii Group, illus. p.409. A. incana, illus. p.61. ‘Aurea’ is a
ORCHIDACEAE by division of clumps—spring-flowering A. oreophilum, syn. A. ostrowskianum, deciduous, conical tree. H 70ft (20m),
varieties in late summer and summer- illus. p.418. S 25ft (8m). Has reddish-yellow or orange
See also ORCHIDS. A. ostrowskianum. See A. oreophilum. shoots in winter and broadly oval, yellow
x A. Dark Warrior gx (Dark Warrior). flowering ones in spring. T Contact with A. pedemontanum. See A. narcissiflorum. leaves. Reddish-yellow or orange catkins
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool A. pulchellum. See A. carinatum subsp. are borne in late winter and early spring.
greenhouse. H 10in (25cm). Produces the bulbs may irritate skin or aggravate pulchellum. Is useful for cold, wet areas and poor
sprays of wispy, mauve-brown, cream- skin allergies. A. ‘Purple Sensation’, illus. p.392. soils. Z2–6 H6–1. ‘Ramulis Coccineis’
yellow or green flowers, 11/2in (4cm) A. acuminatum, syn. A. murrayanum, A. rosenbachianum. Tuft-forming, has red winter shoots and buds, and
across; flowering season varies. Leaves, illus. p.416. summer-flowering bulb. H 3ft (1m), S 4in orange catkins.
4in (10cm) long, are narrowly oval. Grow A. aflatunense, illus. p.382. (10cm). Has ridged stems and straplike,
in partial shade in summer. Z15 H11–6. A. aflatunense of gardens. See A. gray-green, basal leaves. Produces 50 or ALOCASIA
x A. Eurostar gx, syn. x Beallara Eurostar hollandicum. more star-shaped, deep purple flowers in
gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool A. akaka, illus. p.416. a spherical umbel, 4in (10cm) across. Z6–9 Elephant’s ear
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm), S 16in (40cm). In A. albopilosum. See A. cristophii. H9–1.
spring bears star-shaped, maroon sepals and A. atropurpureum, illus. p.392. A. schoenoprasum, illus. p.422. ARACEAE
petals, each with white or cream tips and a A. azureum. See A. caeruleum. A. schubertii, illus. p.409.
large, spade-shaped, weakly 3-lobed lip, A. beesianum. Clump-forming, late A. senescens var. calcareum. See Genus of evergreen perennials with
which is white in lower half and pink, summer-flowering bulb. H 8–12in A. senescens subsp. montanum. subsp. underground rhizomes, grown for their
maroon or speckled in upper half. Large, (20–30cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Has linear, montanum, syn. A. senescens var. attractive foliage. Produces tiny flowers
elliptic, compressed pseudobulb produces gray-green leaves and, in late summer, calcareum, illus. p.409. on a spadix enclosed in a leaflike spathe.
1–3 strap-shaped leaves. Needs shade in pendent heads of bell-shaped, blue flowers. A. sikkimense, syn. A. kansuense. Tuft- Needs high humidity, partial shade and
summer. Z15 H11–6. Z6–10 H10–6. forming, summer-flowering bulb. H 4–10in well-drained soil. Propagate by seed, stem
A. caeruleum, syn. A. azureum, illus. (10–25cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Leaves are cuttings or division of rhizomes in spring.
504 ALISMA p.411. linear, erect and basal. Up to 15 bell-
A. campanulatum. Clump-forming, T Contact with sap may irritate skin;
Water plantain summer-flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm),
S 2–4in (5–10cm). Linear, semierect, basal all parts may cause mild stomach upset
ALISMATACEAE leaves die away before flowering time. if ingested.
Bears a domed umbel, 1–3in (2.5–7cm) A. cuprea, illus. p.472.
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal wide, of up to 30 small, star-shaped, pale A. longiloba, syn. A. lowii var. picta,
water plants, grown for their foliage and pink or white flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
flowers. Requires an open, sunny position A. carinatum subsp. pulchellum, syn.
A. pulchellum. Clump-forming, summer-

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A. lowii var. veitchii, A. veitchii. Evergreen, S 6in (15cm). Triangular, dull green leaves A. plicatilis. Perennial succulent with ALONSOA
tufted perennial. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 30in have white-toothed margins and many leaves in opposite pairs up the stem.
(75cm). Narrow leaves, triangular with raised, white spots. In summer, H and S to 24in (60cm). Has strap-shaped, Mask flower
arrow-shaped bases, are 18in (45cm) long unbranched flower stems, 6in (15cm) long, smooth, dull to glaucous green leaves with
and green with grayish midribs, veins and produce urn-shaped, red-orange flowers, margins almost without teeth. In summer, SCROPHULARIACEAE
margins, purple below. Produces greenish 1/4in (7mm) long. Z13–15 H11–10. unbranched flower stems, to 20in (50cm)
spathes. Z14–15 H12–10. A. erinacea. See A. melanacantha var. long, produce cylindrical spikes of bell- Genus of perennials, grown as annuals.
A. lowii var. picta. See A. longiloba. erinacea. shaped, scarlet flowers, 2in (5cm) long. May be used for cut flowers. Grow in sun
var. veitchii. See A. longiloba. A. ferox (Cape aloe), illus. p.493. Z11 H12–9. and in rich, well-drained soil. Flowering
A. macrorrhiza (Giant elephant’s ear, Evergreen, succulent tree. H to 10ft (3m), A. punctata. See A. variegata. may be poor outdoors in a wet summer.
Taro). Evergreen, tufted perennial with S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Has a woody stem A. rauhii. Basal-rosetted, perennial Young plants should have growing shoots
a thick, trunklike stem. H to 10ft (3m) or crowned by a dense rosette of sword- succulent eventually forming dense pinched out to encourage bushy growth.
more, S 6ft (2m). Broadly arrow-shaped, shaped, blue-green leaves that have spined clumps. H to 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Propagate by seed sown outdoors in late
glossy, green leaves, to 3ft (1m) long, margins. Produces an erect spike of bell- Unbranched flower stems, to 10in spring. Aphids may be troublesome,
are borne on stalks 3ft (1m) long. Has shaped, orange-scarlet flowers in spring. 25cm) long, of tubular, scarlet flowers, particularly when grown in greenhouses.
yellowish-green spathes to 8in (20cm) Z10–11 H11–10. 1in (2.5cm) long, pale red to greenish A. warscewiczii, illus. p.308.
high. Z11 H11–8. A. haworthioides. Stemless, perennial towards mouths, are borne throughout
A. veitchii. See A. longiloba. succulent suckering to form clumps. H 8in the year. Lance-shaped, grayish or bright ALOPECURUS
(20cm), S 4in (10cm). Has dense rosettes green leaves have many elongated,
ALOE of lance-shaped, dark green leaves, with white spots and small, white teeth at the Foxtail grass
many raised, white bristles and margins margins. In some forms, the leaves have
LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE with small, white teeth set close together. raised dots or are almost white with GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
Unbranched flower stems, 8–12in green dots. Z11 H11–10.
Genus of evergreen, rosetted trees, shrubs, (15–30cm) long, bear bell-shaped, white A. somaliensis. Basal-rosetted, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
perennials and scandent climbers with to pale pink flowers, 3in (8cm) long, in perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), and SEDGES.
succulent foliage and tubular to bell-shaped summer. Z13–15 H11–10. S 10in (25cm). Lance-shaped, glossy A. pratensis ‘Aureomarginatus’. See
flowers. Tree aloes and shrubs with a A. hemmingii, illus. p.493. Basal- olive-green leaves, with dull, white A. pratensis ‘Aureovariegatus’.
spread more than 1ft (30cm) prefer full sun; rosetted, perennial succulent. H 6in streaks, have short, sharp teeth at the ‘Aureovariegatus’, syn. A. pratensis
most smaller species prefer partial shade. (15cm), S 10in (25cm). Ovate to lance- margins. Branched flower stems, ‘Aureomarginatus’, illus. p.289.
Needs very well-drained soil. Propagate shaped, olive-green leaves, with dull, 12–24in (30–60cm) long, with tubular,
by seed, stem cuttings or offsets in spring white streaks, have short, sharp teeth minutely spotted, flamingo-pink to pale ALOYSIA A
or summer. at the margins. Produces unbranched rose flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, are borne
A. arborescens (Candelabra plant). flower stems, 12in (30cm) long, with in summer. Z11 H12–9. VERBENACEAE 505
Evergreen, bushy, succulent-leaved tubular, minutely spotted, flamingo-pink A. squarrosa, syn. A. concinna. Prostrate,
shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Stems are to pale rose flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 8in Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
crowned by rosettes of widely spreading, in summer. Z11 H12–9. (20cm). Has lance-shaped, strongly summer-flowering shrubs, grown for
long, slender, curved, dull blue-green A. humilis. Rosetted, perennial recurved, toothed, white-speckled, mid- their aromatic foliage and sprays of tiny
leaves with toothed margins. Long flower succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). green leaves borne along short stems. flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained
stems produce masses of tubular to Has a dense, basal rosette of narrowly Unbranched, pendulous flower stems, soil. Cut out any dead wood in early
bell-shaped, red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) sword-shaped, spine-edged, fleshy, blue- 4–10in (10–25cm) long, of tubular, red summer. Propagate by softwood cuttings
long, in late winter and spring. Z11 green leaves, often erect, with incurving flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, are produced in in summer.
H11–10. ‘Variegata’ (illus. p.493) has tips. Flower stems, 12in (30cm) long, summer. Z11 H12–9. A. triphylla, syn. Lippia citriodora,
numerous spikes of red flowers in late each bear a spike of narrowly bell- A. striata (Coral aloe), illus. p.493. Basal- illus. p.132.
winter and spring. shaped, orange flowers, 11/2–13/4in rosetted, perennial succulent. H and
A. aristata (Lace aloe, Torch plant), illus. (3.5–4.5cm) long, in spring. Offsets S 3ft (1m). Has broad, blue-green leaves, ALPINIA
p.493. Clump-forming, perennial succulent. freely. Z10–11 H12–10. with white margins and marks, that
H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has a basal A. mcloughlinii. Solitary or sometimes become suffused red in full sun. Ginger lily
rosette of pointed, dark green leaves clump-forming, perennial succulent. Produces reddish-orange flowers in
with white spots and soft-toothed edges. H 20in (50cm), S to 39in (100cm). Has spring. Makes a good house plant. ZINGIBERACEAE
Produces orange flowers in spring. Offsets dense rosettes of lance-shaped, smooth, Z10–11 H11–10.
freely. H11–10. glossy, dark green leaves with many A. variegata, syn. A. punctata (Partridge- Genus of mainly evergreen perennials
A. barbadensis. See A. vera. small, pale green spots and margins breasted aloe), illus. p.493. Humped, with fleshy rhizomes, grown for their
A. brevifolia. Basal-rosetted, perennial bearing firm, reddish-brown teeth. In perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 4in flowers. Needs well-drained soil with
succulent, producing many offsets. H 6in summer produces branched flower (10cm). Has triangular, white-marked, dark plenty of humus, partial shade and a
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly sword- spikes, to 4ft (1.2m) long, of tubular, green leaves with pronounced keels moist atmosphere. Is not easy to grow
shaped, fleshy, blue-green leaves with a strawberry-red to pink flowers, 1in beneath. Bears a spike of pinkish-red successfully in containers. Propagate
few teeth along edges. In spring, flower (2.5cm) long. Z11 H12–9. flowers in spring. Makes a good house by division in late spring or early
stems, 20in (50cm) long, bear narrowly A. melanacantha var. erinacea, syn. plant. Z10–11 H11–10. summer. Red spider mite may be a
bell-shaped, bright red flowers, 11/4–11/2in A. erinacea. Slow-growing, clump-forming, A. vera, syn. A. barbadensis, illus. p.492. problem.
(3–4cm) long. Z10–11 H11–3. perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in A. zebrina. Basal-rosetted, perennial A. calcarata (Indian ginger). Evergreen,
A. broomii. Basal-rosetted, perennial (30cm). Compact rosettes of triangular to succulent. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm). upright, clump-forming perennial. H and
succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). lance-shaped, dull-green leaves have sharp, Lance-shaped, dull green leaves, with white S to 3ft (1m). Has stalkless, aromatic, lance-
Ovate to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves black spines at the margins and a black chevrons, have sharp, brown teeth at the shaped leaves, to 1ft (30cm) long. At any
have minutely-toothed, red-brown spine at each tip. Unbranched flower margins. Branched flower stems, 3ft (1m) time of year may bear horizontal spikes
margins and sharp, terminal spines. In stems, to 3ft (1m) long, produce dense, long, of tubular, coral-red to dull red of whitish flowers, with yellow lips,
summer unbranched flower stems, to cylindrical clusters of bell-shaped, scarlet flowers, 11/4in (3cm) long, are produced in 1in (2.5cm) long, marked reddish-purple.
3ft (1m) long, bear dense spikes of flowers, 1in (3cm) long, fading to yellow, summer Z10–11 H11–10. Z14–15 H11–10.
tubular, pale lemon flowers, 3/4in (2cm) in summer. Z10–11 H11–8. A. hainanensis, illus. p.477. Evergreen,
long. Z10–11 H12–8. A. microstigma. Basal-rosetted, ALOINOPSIS clump-forming perennial. H and S 36–48in
A. ciliaris, illus. p.493. Climbing, perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), (90–120cm). Has short stalked, lance-
perennial succulent. H 15ft (5m), S 1ft S 10–24in (25–60cm). Lance-shaped to AIZOACEAE shaped, slightly hairy, mid-green leaves, to
(30cm). Has a slender stem crowned by triangular, red-tinged, mid-green leaves, 16in (40cm) long. In spring-summer, honey-
a rosette of narrow, green leaves and often white spotted, especially beneath, Genus of dwarf, tuberous, perennial scented, white flowers, with red-lined lips,
white teeth where leaf base joins stem. have reddish-brown margins with small, succulents with daisylike flowers from late 1in (4.5cm) long, are borne on old stems.
Bears bell-shaped, scarlet flowers, with reddish-brown teeth. Unbranched flower summer to early spring. Requires a sunny Z13–15 H12–1.
yellow and green mouths, in spring. stems, 24in (60cm) long, bear conical site and very well-drained soil. Is very A. nutans. See A. zerumbet.
Z10–11 H12–10. racemes of bell-shaped, orange flowers, susceptible to overwatering. Propagate A. purpurata (Cone ginger), illus.
A. concinna. See A. squarrosa. 10in (25cm) long, fading to greenish-yellow, by seed in summer. p.477. Vigorous, evergreen, upright
A. descoingsii. Clump-forming, basal- in summer. Z10–11 H12–8. A. schooneesii, illus. p.488. perennial. H 10ft (to 3m), S 3ft (1m).
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), In summer produces cone-like spires,
14in (35cm) long, of many small, white
flowers, to 1in (2.5cm) long, in the axils
of persistent, red or pink bracts. Has
stalked, oblong, hairless, mid-green
leaves, to 36in (90cm) long. Is good for
cut flowers. Z11 H11–10.

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A. speciosa. See A. zerumbet. A. ‘Koice’. See A. INCA ICE. (60cm–1m). Each leafy stem produces AMARANTHUS
A. zerumbet, syn. A. nutans, A. speciosa A. ‘Kotrop’. See A. INCA TROPIC. narrowly lance-shaped, twisted leaves and
(Shell flower, Shell ginger), illus. p.477. A. Ligtu Hybrids, illus. p.413. widely funnel-shaped, deep yellow flowers AMARANTHACEAE
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. A. ‘Little Miss Tara’. Mid-summer to flushed purple with reddish-purple spots.
H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has racemes of fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H and Z8–11 H11–7. Genus of annuals, grown for their dense
white flowers, with yellow lips and pink- S 6in (15cm). Produces relatively large, A. ‘Zapriari’. See A. PRINCESS ARIANE. panicles of tiny flowers or their colorful
or red-marked throats, mainly in summer. reddish-pink flowers with brown markings A. ‘Zaprijul’. See A. PRINCESS JULIETA. foliage. Grow in a sunny position in rich
H11–10. and yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. or fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
A. MARGARET (‘Stacova’). Mid- to late ALTERNANTHERA from seed sown outdoors in late spring.
Alsobia dianthiflora. See Episcia summer-flowering tuberous perennial. Aphids may be a problem.
dianthiflora. H 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Produces AMARANTHACEAE A. caudatus, illus. p.307.
Alsophila. See Cyathea. widely flared, funnel-shaped, deep red A. hypochondriacus, illus. p.308.
Alsophila australis. See Cyathea flowers. Z8–11 H12–7. Genus of bushy perennials, grown for A. tricolor (Chinese spinach, Tampala).
australis. A. ‘Moulin Rouge’, illus. p.387. Mid- their attractive, colored foliage. Is useful ‘Joseph’s Coat’ Bushy annual. H to 3ft
summer to fall-flowering, tuberous for carpeting or bedding. Needs sun or (1m), S 11/2ft (45cm) or more. Has oval,
A ALSTROEMERIA perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Produces partial shade and moist but well-drained scarlet, green and yellow leaves, to
soft red flowers with dark brown-speckled, soil. Propagate by tip cuttings or division 8in (20cm) long, and produces small
506 Peruvian lily yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. in spring. panicles of tiny, red flowers in summer.
A. ‘Parigo Charm’. Summer-flowering, A. amoena. See A. ficoidea var. amoena. H11–1. ‘Molten Fire’ has crimson, bronze
ALSTROEMERIACEAE tuberous perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 24in A. dentata ‘Purple Knight’, illus. p.311. and purple leaves.
(60cm). Produces salmon-pink flowers with A. ficoidea (Parrot leaf). var. amoena,
Genus of mostly summer- to fall-flowering, primrose-yellow inner tepals, marked syn. A. amoena is a mat-forming perennial. x AMARCRINUM
tuberous perennials with showy, funnel- carmine-red. Z8–10 H11–7. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. Has narrowly oval,
shaped, multicolored flowers. Flowers are A. pelegrina. Summer-flowering, green leaves, marked red, yellow and AMARYLLIDACEAE
good for cutting as they last well. Produces tuberous perennial. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), orange, with wavy margins. Z11 H11–1.
erect stems with alternate or scattered, S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Each leafy stem has 1–3 ‘Versicolor’, syn. A. versicolor is an erect Hybrid genus (Amaryllis x Crinum) of one
linear to lance-shaped, mid- to gray-green white flowers, stained pinkish-mauve and form, H and S to 12in (30cm), with rounded robust, evergreen bulb, grown for its large,
leaves, usually 3–5in (7–12cm) long, held spotted yellow and brownish-purple. Z8–10 to spoon-shaped leaves shaded brown, red funnel-shaped flowers. Needs a sunny
on twisted leaf stalks. Where marginally H10–8. and yellow. position and well-drained soil. Plant with
hardy, protect by covering dormant tubers A. ‘Polka’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer to A. versicolor. See A. ficoidea ‘Versicolor’. neck just covered by soil. Propagate by
with a loose, dry mulch. Needs sun and fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 21/2ft division in spring.
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces bright Althaea rosea. See Alcea rosea. x A. memoria-corsii, syn. x Crinodonna
magenta-blushed, pale pink flowers with corsii, illus. p.395. Evergreen, clump-
division in early spring. T Contact with dark brown-speckled, yellow throats. Z7–10 ALYSSOIDES forming bulb. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has
H10–7. wide, semierect, basal leaves. Sturdy
foliage may aggravate skin allergies. A. PRINCESS ARIANE (‘Zapriari’), illus. CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE stems bear fragrant, rose-pink flowers
A. ‘Apollo’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer p.387. Mid-summer to fall-flowering, in loose heads in late summer and fall.
to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. tuberous perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 6in Genus of one species of short-lived,
H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Bears large, (15cm). Produces yellow flowers with evergreen subshrub, grown for its flowers x AMARYGIA
open, white flowers with brown markings purple-marked petal tips and dark brown and swollen fruits. Is particularly suitable
and yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. speckled throats. Z7–10 H10–7. for dry banks and rock gardens. Needs AMARYLLIDACEAE
A. aurantica. See A. aurea. A. PRINCESS JULIETA (‘Zaprijul’), illus. sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
A. aurea, syn. A. aurantica. Summer- p.387. Mid-summer to fall-flowering, seed sown in fall. Hybrid genus (Amaryllis x Brunsvigia)
flowering, tuberous perennial. H to 3ft (1m), tuberous perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). A. utriculata. Evergreen, rounded of sturdy, fall-flowering bulbs, which are
S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Produces orange Produces pale purple flowers with darker subshrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval, cultivated for their large, showy flowers.
flowers, tipped with green and streaked purple markings and white throats. glossy, dark green leaves. Loose sprays of Needs full sun and, preferably, the shelter
dark red. Z7–10 H10–7. ‘Orange King’ Z7–10 H10–7. small, bright yellow flowers, in spring, are of a wall. Plant bulbs just beneath the
(illus. p.387) has bright orange flowers, A. PRINCESS PAOLA (‘Stapripal’). Mid- followed by balloon-like, buff seed pods. surface of well-drained soil. Propagate
with brown-speckled throats, from mid- summer to fall-flowering, tuberous Z6–9 H9–6. by division in spring.
summer to fall. perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 8in (20cm). x A. parkeri, syn. x Brunsdonna parkeri,
A. ‘Blushing Bride’, illus. p.387. Mid- Produces pale pink flowers with dark pink ALYSSUM illus. p.395. Early fall-flowering bulb. H to
summer to fall-flowering, tuberous markings and dark brown-speckled, yellow 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60–100cm). Sturdy stem
perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm). Produces throats. Z7–10 H10–7. CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE bears a large head of funnel-shaped, deep
cream flowers with brown-speckled, pink A. psittacina, syn. A. pulchella (Parrot rose flowers with yellow and white throats.
and pale yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. lily), illus. p.387. Summer-flowering, Genus of perennials, some of which are Produces strap-shaped, semierect, basal
A. ‘Charm’. Mid-summer-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft evergreen, and annuals, grown for their leaves after flowering.
tuberous perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 2ft (45cm). Mauve-spotted stems bear open flowers. Requires a sunny site and well-
(60cm). Produces pale peach flowers with umbels of red-marked, green flowers. drained soil. Cut back lightly after AMARYLLIS
brown speckles and primrose-yellow Z8–10 H11–8. flowering. Propagate either by softwood
throats. Z7–10 H10–7. A. pulchella. See A. psittacina. cuttings taken in late spring or by seed AMARYLLIDACEAE
A. ‘Elvira’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer to A. ‘Red Beauty’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer sown in fall.
fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 21/2ft to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 3ft A. maritimum. See Lobularia maritima. Genus of fall-flowering bulbs, grown for
(75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces cream (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces bright scarlet A. montanum. Evergreen, prostrate their funnel-shaped flowers. Requires a
flowers with bold, pink flecks on outer flowers with dark brownish-black- perennial. H and S 6in (15cm). Leaves are sheltered, sunny situation and well-drained
edges of petals and at the throats. Z7–10 speckled, yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. small, oval, hairy and gray. Flower stems, soil. Plant bulbs in at least 3in (8cm) of soil.
H10–7. A. ‘Serenade’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer to 6in (15cm) long, each bear an open, Propagate by division in late spring, as
A. ‘Friendship’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 21/2ft spherical raceme of small, highly fragrant, leaves die down, or in late summer, before
to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 3ft (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces pale pink soft yellow flowers in summer. Is a good growth recommences.
(1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces pale lime- flowers with deep magenta markings and plant for a rock garden. Z4–9 H9–1. A. belladonna, illus. p.395. ‘Hathor’,
yellow flowers with brown-red speckled, black-speckled, yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. A. saxatile. See Aurinia saxatilis. illus. p.395.
yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. A. ‘Stacova’. See A. MARGARET. A. spinosum, syn. Ptilotrichum spinosum.
A. hookeri, illus. p.361. A. ‘Stapripal’. See A. PRINCESS PAOLA. Semievergreen, rounded, compact shrub. AMBERBOA
A. INCA ICE (‘Koice’), illus. p.387. Late A. ‘Tara’, illus. p.387. Late spring to fall- H 8in (20cm) or more, S 12in (30cm).
spring to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4–12in Intricate branches bear spines and Sweet sultan
H and S to 3ft (1m). Produces cream and (10–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces dark narrowly oval to linear, silver leaves.
pale yellow flowers with pink throats and brownish-black-speckled, red flowers with Spherical heads of tiny, 4-petaled, white COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
purple-brown speckling on the upper and yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. to purple-pink flowers are borne in early
lower petals. Z7–10 H10–7. A. ‘Walter Fleming’. Summer-flowering, summer. Z5–9 H9–5. Genus of erect annuals or biennials, grown
A. INCA TROPIC (‘Kotrop’), illus. p.387. tuberous perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft A. wulfenianum. Prostrate perennial. for their cornflower-like flower heads,
Mid-summer to fall-flowering, tuberous H 3/4in (2cm), S 8in (20cm). Loose heads of which are borne from spring to fall. Needs
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Produces small, bright yellow flowers are produced full sun and moderately fertile, well-drained
orange flowers with yellow throats flecked in summer above small, oval, gray leaves. soil. Deadhead to prolong flowering.
with brown markings. Young leaves are Z6–9 H9–6. Propagate by seed in spring or fall.
brown tinged. Z7–10 H10–7. A. moschata, syn. Centaurea moschata
(Sweet sultan). Fast-growing, upright,

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slender-stemmed annual. H 18in (45cm), AMORPHOPHALLUS by division in spring, by softwood usually in summer. These are followed by
S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish- cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. brownish-orange-red fruits that are 6in
green leaves and large, fragrant flower Devil’s tongue, Snake palm (15cm) or more long. Z15 H11–1. ‘Striata’.
heads, in a range of colors, in summer and T Contact with the milky sap may See A. bracteatus var. tricolor. ‘Tricolor’.
early fall. H11–1. ARACEAE See A. bracteatus var. tricolor.
irritate skin. A. comosus ‘Variegatus’. Evergreen,
AMELANCHIER Genus of tuberous perennials, cultivated A. orientalis, syn. Rhazya orientalis, illus. basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 24in
for their huge and dramatic, but foul- p.271. (60cm) or more. Very narrowly strap-
Juneberry, Serviceberry, Shadbush smelling, spathes, which surround tiny A. tabernaemontana (Willow bluestar). shaped, channeled, rigid, gray-green
flowers on sturdy spadices. Requires Clump-forming perennial. H 18–24in leaves are suffused pink, have cream
ROSACEAE partial shade and rich soil kept (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Leaves are small margins, are gray-scaled beneath and
continuously moist during the growing and narrow. Willowy stems bear drooping sometimes have spiny edges. Produces
Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering trees season. Keep tubers dry in winter. clusters of small, tubular, pale blue flowers tubular, purple-blue flowers with
and shrubs, grown primarily for their Propagate by seed sown in spring or in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. inconspicuous, green bracts; fruits
profuse flowers and their foliage, which by offsets in spring or summer. are the edible pineapples grown
is frequently brightly colored in fall, and A. konjac, syn. A. rivieri (Devil’s tongue, ANACAMPTIS commercially, but are much smaller
their edible fruit. Requires sun or semi- Snake palm, Umbrella arum). Summer- on pot-grown plants. Z11 H11–1.
shade and well-drained but not too dry, flowering, tuberous perennial. H to 16in ORCHIDACEAE
preferably neutral to acid soil. Propagate (40cm), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Produces a ANAPHALIOIDES
in fall by seed, in late fall to early spring flattish, wavy-edged, dark reddish-brown See also ORCHIDS.
by layering or, in the case of suckering spathe, to 16in (40cm) long, from which A. morio, syn. Orchis morio (Gandergoose, Pearly everlasting
species, by division. Fireblight may protrudes an erect, dark brown spadix. Green-veined orchid), illus. p.466.
sometimes be troublesome. Brownish-green-mottled, pale green stem, Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 16in (40cm). ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
A. alnifolia (Alder-leaved serviceberry, 3ft (1m) long, bears one large, deeply lobed Reddish-purple, mauve or rarely white
Saskatoon). Deciduous, upright, leaf after flowering. Z13–15 H11–10. flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, with green veins Genus of summer flowering perennials
suckering shrub. H 12ft (4m) or more, A. rivieri. See A. konjac. on the cupped sepals, open along stems in and dwarf shrubs grown for silver foliage
S 10ft (3m) or more. Leaves are oval to spring. Has a basal cluster of lance-shaped and “everlasting” flower heads. Requires
rounded and dark green. Erect spikes AMPELODESMOS or broadly oblong, pale to mid-green leaves, full sun and very well-drained soil.
of star-shaped, creamy-white flowers 4–6in (10–16cm) long. Requires sun or Propagate by heel or semiripe cuttings
are borne in late spring, followed by GRAMINEAE/POACEAE partial shade. Z12–15 H12–6. in summer.
small, edible, juicy, rounded, purple-black A. bellidioides, syn. Helichrysum
fruits. Z4–9 H8–3. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Anacharis densa. See Egeria densa. bellidioides. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
A. arborea (Downy serviceberry). AND SEDGES. H 2in (5cm), S 9in (23cm). Has small,
Deciduous, spreading, sometimes shrubby, A. mauritanica, illus. p.287. ANACYCLUS rounded, fleshy, dark green leaves and,
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 40ft (12m). Clusters of in early summer, terminal clusters of
star-shaped, white flowers appear in mid- AMPELOPSIS COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE daisylike, white flower heads.
spring as oval, white-haired, young leaves
unfold. Foliage matures to dark green, VITACEAE Genus of summer-flowering, prostrate ANAPHALIS A
turning to red or yellow in fall. Rounded perennials with stems radiating from a
fruits are small, dry and reddish-purple. Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, central rootstock. Needs full sun and Pearly everlasting
Z4–9 H9–4. tendril climbers, some of which are well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
A. asiatica (Asian serviceberry). twining, grown for their leaves. Grow in a cuttings in spring or by seed in fall. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H 25ft sheltered position, in sun or partial shade A. depressus. See A. pyrethrum var.
(8m), S 30ft (10m). Leaves are oval and dark in any soil. Needs plenty of room as grows depressus. Genus of perennials with heads of small,
green, usually woolly when young and quickly and can cover a large area. A. pyrethrum var. depressus, syn. papery flowers, used dried for winter
turning yellow or red in fall. Star-shaped, Propagate by greenwood or semiripe A. depressus, illus. p.360. decoration. Prefers sun but will grow in
white flowers are borne profusely in late cuttings in mid-summer. semi-shade. Soil should be well-drained
spring, followed by edible, juicy, rounded, A. aconitifolia, syn. Vitis aconitifolia ANAGALLIS but not too dry. Propagate by seed in fall
blackcurrant-like fruits. Z5–7 H7–5. (Monkshood vine). Fast-growing, or by division in winter or spring.
A. canadensis (Shadblow, Shadbush). deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining, Pimpernel A. margaritacea, illus. p.231.
Deciduous, upright, dense shrub. H 20ft tendril climber. H to 40ft (12m). Rounded PRIMULACEAE A. nepalensis var. monocephala,
(6m), S 10ft (3m). Star-shaped, white leaves have 3 or 5 toothed, lobed, dark syn. A. nubigena. Dwarf, leafy perennial.
flowers are borne from mid- to late spring green leaflets. Inconspicuous, greenish Genus of annuals and creeping perennials, H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 6in (15cm).
amid unfolding, oval, white-haired leaves flowers, in late summer, are followed by grown for their flowers. Plant in an open, Woolly, silvery stems bear lance-shaped
that mature to dark green and turn orange- orange berries. Z5–8 H8–1. sunny site in fertile, moist soil. Propagate leaves. Bears dense, terminal clusters
red in fall. Fruits are edible, rounded, A. brevipedunculata var. by seed or division in spring. Raise A. of white flower heads in late summer.
blackish-purple, sweet and juicy. Z3–7 maximowiczii, syn. A. glandulosa tenella by soft-tip cuttings in spring or Z5–8 H8–5.
H7–1. var. brevipendunculata, A. heterophylla, early summer. A. nubigena. See A. nepalensis var.
A. laevis, illus. p.81. Vitis heterophylla, illus. p.210. A. tenella. ‘Studland’ illus. p.353. monocephala.
A. lamarckii, illus. p.110. var. maximowiczii ‘Elegans’, syn. A. triplinervis. Variable, clump-forming
A. brevipedunculata ‘Tricolor’, ANANAS perennial. H 32–36in (80–90cm), S 18–24in
Amomyrtus luma. See Luma apiculata. A. brevipedunculata ‘Variegata’, illus. (45–60cm). Has obovate to elliptic, white-
p.195. ‘Tricolor’. See A. brevipedunculata Pineapple woolly leaves, prominently 3-veined. In
AMORPHA var. maximowiczii ‘Elegans’. ‘Variegata’. BROMELIACEAE mid- to late summer produces clusters
See A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii of white-bracted, yellow-centered flower
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ‘Elegans’. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming heads. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Sommerschnee’,
A. glandulosa var. brevipendunculata. perennials, grown for their foliage and syn. A. triplinervis ‘Summer Snow’
Genus of deciduous shrubs and subshrubs, See A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii. edible fruits (pineapples). Prefers full illus. p.231. ‘Summer Snow’. See
grown for their flowers and foliage. Is A. heterophylla. See A. brevipedunculata light, but tolerates some shade. Needs A. triplinervis ‘Sommerschnee’.
a useful plant for cold, dry, exposed var. maximowiczii. fertile, well-drained soil. Water
positions. Requires full sun and well- A. megalophylla, illus. p.210. moderately during growing season, ANCHUSA 507
drained soil. May be propagated by A. sempervirens. See Cissus striata. sparingly at other times. Propagate by
softwood cuttings taken in summer or A. veitchii. See Parthenocissus suckers or cuttings of ‘leafy’ fruit tops Alkanet
by seed sown in fall. tricuspidata ‘Veitchii’. in spring or summer.
A. canescens (Lead plant). Deciduous, A. bracteatus (Red pineapple, Wild BORAGINACEAE
open subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). AMSONIA pineapple). var. tricolor, syn.
Dense spikes of tiny, pealike, purple A. bracteatus ‘Striata’, A. bracteatus Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
flowers, with orange anthers, are produced Bluestar ‘Tricolor’ (illus. p.471) is an evergreen, some of which are evergreen, with usually
in late summer and early fall, amid oval, basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). blue flowers. Needs sun and well-drained
gray-haired leaves divided into 21–41 APOCYNACEAE Forms dense rosettes of strap-shaped, soil; resents too much winter wet. Tall,
narrowly oval leaflets. Z2–8 H8–1. spiny-edged, arching, deep green leaves, perennial species may need to be staked
Genus of slow-growing, clump-forming, longitudinally yellow-striped and often with and allowed room to spread. Propagate
summer-flowering perennials. Needs marginal, red spines. Dense spikes of small, perennials by root cuttings in winter,
full sun and well-drained soil. Is best left tubular, lavender-violet flowers, with annuals and biennials by seed in fall
undisturbed for some years. Propagate prominent, reddish-pink bracts, are borne or spring.

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A. azurea, syn. A. italica. ‘Little John’ is forming perennial. H 1/2in (1cm), S to 4in Japanese anemone). Erect perennial with Giant’, syn. A. nemorosa ‘Wilk’s Giant’
a clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), (10cm). Produces rosettes of small, thick, a creeping, woody-based rootstock. H 36in has larger, single, white flowers.
S 24in (60cm). Mainly basal leaves are linear to oblong, hairy leaves. Almond- (100cm), S 36in (100cm) or more. Large, A. pavonina, illus. p.402.
narrowly oval and hairy. Bears branching scented, flattish, white flowers are borne rounded, dark green leaves have 3-toothed A. ranunculoides, illus. p.263. ‘Flore
racemes of large, open cup-shaped, dark in spring on very short stems, 1 or 2 per lobes. In late summer, flower stems bear Pleno’. See A. ranunculoides ‘Pleniflora’.
blue flowers in early summer. Z3–8 H8–1. rosette. Z6–8 H8–6. smaller leaves and 5-petaled, slightly ‘Pleniflora’, syn. A. ranunculoides
‘Loddon Royalist’, illus. p.241. ‘Opal’, A. imbricata. See A. vandellii. cupped, pale pink or white flowers, ‘Flore Pleno’ is a spreading, rhizomatous
H 4ft (1.2m), has paler blue flowers. A. lanuginosa, illus. p.363. 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, with yellow perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Bears
A. caespitosa. See A. cespitosa. A. pyrenaica, illus. p.350. stamens. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Bowles’s Pink’ buttercup-like, double, yellow flowers in
A. capensis. ‘Blue Angel’, illus. p.315. A. sarmentosa. Evergreen, mat-forming (illus. p.222) bears rich pink-purple flowers. spring. Leaves are divided. Likes damp,
‘Blue Bird’ is a bushy biennial, grown as perennial, spreading by runners. H 11/2–4in ‘Hadspen Abundance’ illus. p.247. woodland conditions. Z4–8 H8–1.
an annual. H to 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm). (4–10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has open rosettes of var. japonica ‘Bressingham Glow’, A. rivularis, illus. p.437.
Has lance-shaped, bristly, mid-green leaves small, narrowly elliptic, hairy leaves. Large syn. A. x hybrida ‘Bressingham Glow’, illus. A. x seemannii. See A. x lipsiensis.
and, in summer, heads of shallowly bowl- clusters of flattish, yellow-eyed, bright pink p.222, H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 60cm (2ft), has A. sylvestris, illus. p.255. ‘Macrantha’
shaped, sky-blue flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. flowers open in spring. Is a good rock plant semidouble, rose-purple flowers on wiry is a clump-forming perennial that can be
A. cespitosa, syn. A. caespitosa, illus. p.356. in all but extremely wet areas. Z5–7 H7–5. stems. var. japonica ‘Pamina’, illus. invasive. H  and S 12in (30cm). Large,
A. italica. See A. azurea. A. sempervivoides. Evergreen, mat- p.222, H 32in (80cm), bears masses of fragrant, semi-pendent, shallowly cup-
forming, rosetted perennial with stolons. rather small, semidouble, reddish-purple shaped, white flowers are produced in
Ancistrocactus megarhizus. See H 1/2–3in (1–7cm), S 12in (30cm). Has flowers. Z4–8 H8–5. var. japonica ‘Prinz spring and early summer. Leaves are
Sclerocactus scheeri. leathery, oblong or spoon-shaped leaves. Heinrich’, syn. A. x hybrida ‘Prince divided and mid-green. Z3–9 H9–1.
Ancistrocactus scheeri. See Sclerocactus In spring produces small heads of 4–10 Henry’ has single, deep pink flowers on A. thalictroides ‘Schoaf’s Double’. See
scheeri. flattish, pink flowers, with yellow, then red, slender stems. ‘Praecox’ (illus. p.222), Anemonella thalictroides ‘Oscar Schoaf’.
Ancistrocactus uncinatus. See eyes. Is a good rock plant. Z5–7 H7–5. H 32in (80cm), bears single, pink flowers A. tomentosa, syn. A. vitifolia. Vigorous,
Sclerocactus uncinatus. A. vandellii, syn. A. imbricata, illus. p.347. in mid-summer. ‘September Charm’. See clump-forming perennial with a creeping
A. villosa, illus. p.349. var. jacquemontii A. x hybrida ‘September Charm’. rootstock. H 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft (1.5m) or
ANDROMEDA illus. p.366. A. x hybrida, syn. A. japonica (Japanese more. Large, 3–7 lobed mid-green leaves
anemone). Group of vigorous, branching with toothed margins have white-hairy
Bog resemary Anemanthele lessioniana. See Stipa perennials. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears undersides. In summer, flower stems
lessoniana. shallowly cup-shaped, single, semidouble bear 5-petaled, slightly cupped, pale
ERICACEAE or double flowers in late summer and early pink flowers, with yellow stamens.
ANEMONE fall. Leaves are deeply divided and dark Z5–9 H9–3.
Genus of evergreen shrubs with an open, green. Z4–8 H8–5. ‘Bressingham Glow’. A. trullifolia, illus. p.350.
twiggy habit. Needs full light and rich, Windflower See A. hupehensis var. japonica A. tschaernjaewii, illus. p.416.
moist, acid soil. Propagate by semiripe ‘Bressingham Glow’. ‘Elegans’, syn. A. vitifolia (Grape-leaved anemone).
cuttings taken in late summer or by seed RANUNCULACEAE A. x hybrida ‘Max Vogel’ has semidouble, Branching, clump-forming perennial.
sown in spring. pinkish-mauve flowers on wiry stems. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). In summer
A. polifolia. Evergreen, open, twiggy Genus of spring-, summer- and fall- ‘Honorine Jobert’, illus. p.220. ‘Königin bears open cup-shaped, occasionally
shrub. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 24in (60cm). flowering perennials, sometimes tuberous or Charlotte’ (illus. p.222), H 4ft (1.2m), has pink-flushed, white flowers with yellow
Has narrow, leathery, glossy, mid-green rhizomatous, with mainly rounded, shallowly large, semidouble, bright pink flowers. stamens. Vine-like leaves are woolly
leaves. Bears terminal clusters of pitcher- cup-shaped flowers. Leaves are rounded to ‘Lady Gilmour’, H 3ft (1m), produces beneath. Z5–8 H8–3.
shaped, pink flowers in spring and early oval, often divided into 3–15 leaflets. Most crested leaves and pink flowers with often A. vitifolia of gardens. See A. tomentosa.
thrive in full light or semi-shade in rich, well- uneven, twisted petals. ‘Max Vogel’. See
A summer. Z2–6 H6–1. ‘Alba’ illus. p.332. drained soil. Propagate by division in spring, A. x hybrida ‘Elegans’. ‘Montrosa’, H 4ft ANEMONELLA
‘Compacta’ illus. p.333. by seed sown in late summer, when fresh, or (1.2m), has large, double, soft reddish-pink
flowers with rather twisted petals. ‘Prince RANUNCULACEAE
508 ANDROSACE by root cuttings in winter. T Contact with Henry’. See A. hupehensis var. japonica
‘Prinz Heinrich’. ‘Richard Ahrens’, H 4ft Genus of one species of tuberous perennial,
Rock jasmine the sap may irritate skin. (1.2m), bears large, single, soft pink flowers grown for its flowers. Needs shade and
A. apennina (Apennine anemone). in mid-summer. ‘Robustissima’ (illus. rich, moist soil. Propagate by seed when
PRIMULACEAE Spreading, spring-flowering, rhizomatous p.222), H 4ft (1.2m), has single, dark fresh or by division every 3–5 years in fall.
perennial. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). pink flowers borne on reddish stems. A. thalictroides, illus. p.350. ‘Oscar
Genus of annuals and evergreen perennials, Fernlike leaves have 3 deeply toothed ‘September Charm’, syn. A. hupehensis Schoaf’, syn. Anemone thalictroides
usually compact cushion-forming and often lobes. Each stem bears a large, upright, ‘September Charm’ (illus. p.222), H 30in ‘Schoaf’s Double’ is a slow-growing,
with soft, hairy leaves. Many species are flattish, blue, white or pink flower, with (75cm), S 20in (50cm), has single, clear tuberous perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 11⁄2in
suitable for cold greenhouses and troughs 10–20 narrow petals. Z5–9 H9–3. pink flowers on wiry stems. Z5–7 H7–5. (4cm) or more. Has delicate, fernlike leaves.
with winter cover. Needs sun and very well- A. blanda. Spreading, early spring- ‘Whirlwind’, syn. A. x hybrida From spring to early summer bears small,
drained soil; some species prefer acid soil. flowering perennial with a knobby tuber. ‘Wirbelwind’ (illus. p.222), H 32–39in cup-shaped, double, strawberry-pink
Resents wet foliage in winter. Propagate by H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Leaves (80–100cm), bears irregularly formed flowers, singly on finely branched, slender
tip cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. Is are broadly oval and semierect, with 3 double, white flowers, with some petals stems. Z4–7 H7–1.
prone to botrytis and attack by aphids. deeply toothed lobes. Each stem bears an green flushed. ‘Wirbelwind’. See A. x
A. carnea, illus. p.350. subsp. laggeri upright, flattish, blue, white or pink flower, hybrida ‘Whirlwind’. ANEMONOPSIS
illus. p.353. 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with 9–14 narrow A. x intermedia. See A. x lipsiensis.
A. chamaejasme. Evergreen, basal- petals. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Atrocaerulea’, illus. A. japonica. See A. x hybrida. False anemone
rosetted, variable perennial with easily p.419. ‘Ingramii’ bears purple-backed, A. x lipsiensis, syn. A. x intermedia, A. x
rooted stolons. H 11/4–21/2in (3–6cm), deep blue flowers. ‘Radar’. See A. blanda seemannii, illus. p.262. RANUNCULACEAE
S to 6in (15cm). Has open, hairy rosettes var. rosea ‘Radar’. var. rosea ‘Radar’, A. narcissiflora, illus. p.255.
of oval leaves. In spring bears clusters of syn. A. blanda ‘Radar’, illus. p.418. ‘Violet A. nemorosa (Wood anemone). Vigorous, Genus of one species of perennial, related
2–8 flattish, white flowers, each with a Star’, illus. p.418. ‘White Splendour’ carpeting, rhizomatous perennial. H 6in to Anemone. Likes a sheltered, semi-
yellow eye that sometimes turns red with illus. p.414. (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces masses shaded position and rich, moist but well-
age. Z4–7 H7–1. A. coronaria. Spring-flowering perennial of star-shaped, single, white flowers, with drained soil. Propagate by division in
A. cylindrica. Evergreen, basal-rosetted with a misshapen tuber. H 2–10in (5–25cm), prominent, yellow stamens, in spring and spring or by seed sown in late summer,
perennial. H 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm), S 4in (10cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm). Produces parsley-like, early summer, above deeply cut, mid-green when fresh.
Leaves are linear and glossy. Flower stems divided, semierect leaves. Each stiff stem leaves. Likes woodland conditions. Z4–8 A. macrophylla (False anemone), illus.
each bear up to 10 small, flattish, white bears a large, 5–8-petaled, shallowly cup- H8–1. ‘Allenii’ produces many large, cup- p.270.
flowers, each with a yellow-green eye, shaped flower in shades of red, pink, blue shaped, single, rich lavender-blue flowers
in early spring. Is suitable for a cold or purple. Garden groups include De Caen in spring. ‘Robinsoniana’ has lavender- ANEMOPAEGMA
greenhouse. Z6–7 H7–6. Group and Saint Bridgid Group, which blue flowers, pale creamy-gray beneath,
A. hedraeantha. Evergreen, tight have larger flowers varying in color from on maroon stems. ‘Vestal’ has anemone- BIGNONIACEAE
cushion-forming perennial. H 1/2 –3/4in white through red to blue. Z8–11 H11–8. centered, double, white flowers. ‘Wilks’
(1–2cm), S to 4in (10cm). Bears loose De Caen Group ‘Mister Fokker’ illus. Genus of evergreen, tendril climbers,
rosettes of narrowly oval, glossy leaves. p.403. grown for their flowers. Needs partial
Umbels of 5–10 flattish, yellow-throated, A. x fulgens, illus. p.418. shade in summer and rich, well-drained
pink flowers are produced in spring. Is A. hepatica. See Hepatica nobilis. soil. Water regularly and freely when in
best in a cold greenhouse. Z6–7 H7–6. A. hupehensis (Chinese anemone,
A. hirtella. Evergreen, tight cushion-

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full growth, less at other times. Provide ANISODONTEA in cool areas will die down in winter. A. graminifolium. See A. ramosum. A
support and in summer thin out stems Requires a position in full light and well- A. liliago, illus. p.263.
at intervals; shorten all growths by half in MALVACEAE drained soil. Water moderately in growing A. ramosum, syn. A. graminifolium. 509
spring. Propagate by softwood or semiripe season, but sparingly at other times. Upright perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm).
cuttings in spring or summer. Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials, Provide support. Cut back the previous Erect racemes of small, saucer-shaped,
A. chamberlaynei. Fast-growing, grown for their flowers. Needs full light and season’s growth by half or to just above white flowers are borne in summer above
evergreen, tendril climber. H to 20ft (6m). well-drained soil. Water container plants ground level in spring. Propagate by a clump of grasslike, grayish-green leaves.
Leaves have 2 pointed, oval leaflets and a freely when in full growth, very little at other tubers, produced at stem bases, in spring Z5–8 H8–5.
3-hooked tendril. Foxglove-like, primrose- times. In growing season, young plants may or by softwood cuttings in summer.
yellow flowers are borne in pairs from need tip pruning to promote a bushy habit. A. cordifolia, syn. Boussingaultia Antholyza paniculata. See Crocosmia
upper leaf axils in summer. Z12–15 H11–10. Propagate by seed in spring or by greenwood baselloides (Madeira vine, Mignonette paniculata.
or semiripe cuttings in late summer. vine), illus. p.197.
ANGELICA A. capensis, syn. Malvastrum capensis. ANTHURIUM
Evergreen, erect, bushy shrub. H to 3ft (1m), ANTENNARIA
UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE S 2ft (60cm) or more. Each oval leaf has 3–5 Flamingo flower, Tail flower
deep lobes. Bowl-shaped, 5-petaled, rose- Cat’s ears
Genus of summer-flowering, often short- magenta flowers, with darker veins, are ARACEAE
lived perennials, some of which have borne from spring to fall. Z8–9 H9–8. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
culinary and medicinal uses. Grows in sun Genus of evergreen, erect, climbing or
or shade and in any well-drained soil. ANNONA Genus of evergreen or semievergreen trailing perennials, some grown for
Remove seed heads when produced, perennials, grown for their almost their foliage and others for their bright
otherwise plants may die. Propagate by Cherimoya, Custard apple, Sweet sop stemless flower heads and mats of often flower spathes. Prefers bright light in
seed when ripe. ANNONACEAE woolly leaves. Makes good groundcover. winter and indirect sun in summer;
A. archangelica, illus. p.219. Needs sun and well-drained soil. needs a fairly moist atmosphere and
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs Propagate by seed or division in spring. moist, but not waterlogged, peaty soil.
ANGELONIA and trees, grown for their edible fruits A. dioica (Common pussy-toes).
and ornamental appearance. Needs full Semievergreen, mat-forming, dense Propagate by division in spring. T All
SCROPHULARIACEAE/ light or partial shade and fertile, moisture- perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S 10in (25cm).
PLANTAGINACEAE retentive but well-drained soil. Water Leaves are tiny, oval, usually woolly and parts may cause mild stomach disorder
container specimens moderately when in full greenish-white. Short stems bear fluffy, if digested; contact with sap may
Genus of evergreen subshrubs and soft- growth, sparingly in winter. Propagate by white or pale pink flower heads in late irritate skin.
stemmed perennials, grown for their seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in late spring and early summer. Is good when A. andraeanum, illus. p.470.
shallowly cup-shaped, summer flowers. summer. Red spider mite may be a nuisance. grown in a rock garden. Z5–9 H9–4. A. crystallinum, illus. p.465.
Makes good bedding plants in containers A. reticulata (Bullock’s heart, Custard ‘Nyewoods’ a compact plant with very A. scherzerianum (Flamingo flower).
and borders. Needs sun and fertile, moist apple). Mainly deciduous, rounded tree. deep rose-pink flowers. var. rosea. See Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial.
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed H 20ft (6m) or more, S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has A. rosea. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has oblong,
or softwood cuttings in spring. oblong to lance-shaped leaves, 5–10in A. rosea, syn. A. dioica var. rosea, leathery, dark green leaves, to 8in (20cm)
A. angustifolia AngelMist Series (13–25cm) long. Cup-shaped, olive-green illus. p.351. long. Produces large, long-lasting,
‘AngelMist Lavender Stripe’, illus. p.311. flowers, often flushed purple, are borne in bright red spathes and fleshy, orange
summer, followed by edible, heart-shaped, ANTHEMIS to yellow spadices. Z11 H11–10.
ANGRAECUM red-flushed, greenish-brown fruits, 5in ‘Rothschildianum’, H  and S 12in (30cm),
(13cm) long. Z14–15 H12–10. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE bears white-spotted, red spathes and
ORCHIDACEAE yellow spadices.
Anoiganthus breviflorus. See Genus of carpeting and clump-forming A. veitchii (Queen anthurium). Evergreen,
See also ORCHIDS. Cyrtanthus breviflorus. perennials, some of which are evergreen, erect, short-stemmed perennial. H 3ft (1m)
A. sesquipedale, illus. p.468. Anoiganthus luteus. See Cyrtanthus grown for their daisylike flower heads and or more, S to 3ft (1m). Glossy, corrugated
breviflorus. fernlike foliage. Prefers a position in sun leaves, to 3ft (1m) long, are oval, with
ANGULOA and well-drained soil. May need staking heart-shaped bases on leaf stalks, 2–3ft
ANOMATHECA for support. Cut to ground level after (60cm–1m) long. Intermittently bears a
Cradle orchid, Tulip orchid flowering to produce good leaf rosettes in long-lasting, leathery, green to white
ORCHIDACEAE IRIDACEAE winter. Propagate by division in spring or, spathe that surrounds a cream spadix.
for some species, by basal cuttings in late Z11 H12–10.
See also ORCHIDS. Genus of upright, summer-flowering summer, fall or spring.
A. clowesii (Cradle orchid). Deciduous, corms, grown for their trumpet- to funnel- A. nobilis. See Chamaemelum nobile. ANTHYLLIS
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. shaped, red flowers, followed by egg- A. punctata subsp. cupaniana,
H 24in (60cm). Fragrant, erect, cup-shaped, shaped seed pods that split to reveal red illus. p.264. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
lemon-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) long, seeds. Plant 2in (5cm) deep in an open, A. sancti-johannis. Evergreen, spreading,
each with a loosely hinged, yellow lip, are sunny situation and in well-drained soil. bushy perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). In Genus of rounded, bushy perennials,
produced singly in early summer. Broadly In cold areas, lift corms and store dry summer bears many daisylike, bright orange grown for their flowers and finely divided
oval, ribbed leaves are 18in (45cm) long. for winter. Propagate by seed in spring. flower heads among fernlike, shaggy, mid- leaves. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Grow in partial shade in summer. Z13–15 A. cruenta. See A. laxa. green leaves. Z3–8 H8–3. Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
H11–10. A. laxa, syn. A. cruenta, Lapeirousia A. tinctoria (Golden marguerite, Ox-eye or by seed in fall.
cruenta, Freesia laxa, Lapeirousia laxa, illus. chamomile). Evergreen, clump-forming A. hermanniae. Rounded, bushy
ANIGOZANTHOS p.423. perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Produces a perennial. H and S to 24in (60cm). Spiny,
mass of daisylike, yellow flower heads in tangled stems bear simple or 3-parted,
Kangaroo paw ANOPTERUS mid-summer, borne singly above a basal bright green leaves. Has small, pealike,
HAEMODORACEAE clump of fernlike, crinkled, mid-green yellow flowers in summer. Is good for a
ESCALLONIACEAE leaves. Propagate by basal cuttings in rock garden. Z6–8 H8–6.
Genus of perennials with thick rootstocks spring or late summer. Z3–8 H8–3. A. montana, illus. p.338. ‘Rubra’ is a
and fans of sword-shaped leaves, grown Genus of evergreen shrubs or small ‘E.C. Buxton’ illus. p.243. rounded or spreading, woody-based
for their curious flowers. Needs an open, trees,  grown for their foliage and flowers. perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Divided
sunny position and does best in well- Needs full or semi-shade and moist but ANTHERICUM leaves consist of 17–41 narrowly oval
drained, peaty or leafy, acid soil. Propagate well-drained, lime-free soil. Propagate leaflets. Heads of clover-like, bright
by division in spring or by seed when by semiripe cuttings in summer. Spider plant pink flowers are borne in late spring
fresh, in late summer. A. glandulosus, illus. p.110. and early summer. Is good for a rock
A. flavidus, illus. p.476. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE garden. Z6–8 H8–6.
A. manglesii, illus. p.470. ANREDERA
A. rufus. Tufted perennial. H 3ft (1m), Genus of upright perennials with saucer- ANTIGONON
S 2ft (60cm). Panicles of 2-lipped, rich Madeira vine, Mignonette vine or trumpet-shaped flowers rising in
burgundy flowers, covered with purple BASELLACEAE spike-like racemes from clumps of Coral vine
hairs, are produced in spring. Has long, leaves. Prefers a sunny site and fertile,
sword-shaped, stiff, mid-green leaves. Genus of evergreen, tuberous, twining well-drained soil that does not dry out POLYGONACEAE
Z10–11 H11–10. climbers, grown for their luxuriant in summer. Propagate by division in
foliage and small, scented flowers. If grown spring or by seed in fall. Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their foliage
and profuse clusters of small flowers.
Grow in full light and any fertile, well-

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drained soil. Water freely in growing APHELANDRA with creamy-white margins, and small, p.226. Vigorous, clump-forming perennial.
season, sparingly at other times. Needs daisylike, bright pink flowers in summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears semi-
tropical conditions to flower well. Provide ACANTHACEAE Z12–15 H12–10. pendent, bell-shaped, pale to bright yellow
support. Thin out congested growth in early flowers, with long spurs, several per stem,
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials, AQUILEGIA in early summer. Has fernlike, divided, mid-
softwood cuttings in summer. grown for their showy flowers. Prefers green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Yellow Queen’
A. leptopus (Confederate vine, Mexican bright light but keep out of direct sun in Columbine has golden-yellow flowers.
creeper). Fast-growing, evergreen, summer. Use soft water and keep soil moist A. coerulea (Rocky mountain columbine),
woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 20ft but not waterlogged. Benefits from feeding RANUNCULACEAE illus. p.226. Upright perennial. H 24–32in
(6m). Has crinkly, pale green leaves. when flower spikes are forming. Propagate (60–80cm), S 12–16in (30–40cm). More or
Dense trusses of bright pink, sometimes by seed or tip cuttings from young stems in Genus of clump-forming, short-lived less upward-facing flowers, with open-
red or white, flowers grow mainly in spring. perennials, grown for their mainly bell- spreading, white sepals, pale to deep sky-
summer, but all year in tropical A. squarrosa (Zebra plant). ‘Dania’ is shaped, spurred flowers in spring and blue petals and long spurs are borne from
conditions. Z15 H11–10. an evergreen, compact perennial. H 3ft summer. Is suitable for rock gardens and late spring to mid-summer above divided,
(1m), S 2ft (60cm). Oval, glossy, dark woodland gardens. Prefers an open, sunny mid-green leaves. Z4–7 H7–1.
A ANTIRRHINUM green leaves, to 1ft (30cm) long, have site and well-drained soil. Propagate A. ‘Dove’ (Songbird Series), illus. p.226.
white veins and mid-ribs. Produces species by seed in fall or spring. Selected Clump-forming, compact perennial. H 30in
510 Snapdragon dense, 4-sided spikes, to 6in (15cm) long, forms, such as A. vulgaris var. stellata (75cm), S 14–16in (35–40cm). Large, open
of 2-lipped, bright yellow flowers in axils ‘Nora Barlow’, only occasionally come bell-shaped, fluted flowers, with white
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE of yellow bracts in fall. Z14–15 H11–10. true from seed as they cross freely. Is petals, sepals and long spurs, are produced
‘Louisae’, illus. p.476. in late spring and early summer above
Genus of perennials and semievergreen prone to aphid attack. T Contact with sap fernlike, divided, light green leaves. Z4–9
subshrubs, usually grown as annuals, APHYLLANTHES H9–1.
flowering from spring to fall, or as winter may irritate skin. A. ‘Dragonfly’, illus. p.226. Upright
annuals in warm regions. Needs sun and LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE A. akitensis. See A. flabellata var. pumila. perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
rich, well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong A. alpina, illus. p.334. Large, upright to semierect, bell-shaped,
flowering season. Propagate by seed sown Genus of one species of summer-flowering A. atrata (Black columbine). Clump- fluted, yellow flowers, with basally red-
outdoors in late spring or by stem perennial. Grow in a sunny, warm, forming perennial H 24–28in (60–70cm), flushed petals and purplish-red sepals and
cuttings in early fall or spring. Rust disease sheltered corner, preferably in an alpine S 12in (30cm). Bell-shaped, fluted, deep spurs, are produced from late spring to
may be a problem with A. majus, but rust- house, and in well-drained, sandy, peaty purple-violet flowers with spreading sepals mid-summer above fernlike, divided, mid-
resistant cultivars are available. soil. Resents disturbance. Propagate by and strongly hooked spurs, 1/4in (1cm) long, green leaves. Z4–7 H7–1.
A. asarina. See Asarina procumbens. seed in fall or spring. are borne in early summer above mid- A. flabellata (Fan columbine). Clump-
A. Balumhopi’. See A. Luminaire Series A. monspeliensis. Tuft-forming green, glaucous-backed leaves divided into forming perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 4in
LUMINAIRE HOT PINK. perennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 2in (5cm). 9 segments. Z4–8 H7–1. (10cm). Bell-shaped, soft blue flowers, each
A. Luminaire Series LUMINAIRE HOT Star-shaped, pale to deep blue flowers are A. bertolonii, syn. A. reuteri. Clump- with fluted petals and a short spur, are
PINK (‘Balumhopi’), illus. p.303. borne singly or in small groups at tops of forming, compact perennial. H 4–12in produced in summer. Rounded, finely
A. majus. Erect perennial that branches wiry, glaucous green stems from early to (10–30cm), S 3–8in (8–20cm). Bell-shaped, divided leaves form an open, basal rosette.
from the base. Cultivars are grown as mid-summer. Leaves are reduced to red- blue-violet flowers with spreading sepals Needs partial shade and moist soil.
annuals and are grouped according to brown sheathers surrounding stems. and curved spurs, 1/4in (1cm) long, are Z4–9 H9–1. var. alba ‘White Jewel’ has
size and flower type: tall, H 2–3ft Z9–10 H11–10. borne in late spring and early summer white flowers. Jewel Series, flowers vary
(60cm–1m), S 12–18in (30–45cm); above dark green leaves divided into 9 from blue to pink or white. ‘Ministar’ has
intermediate, H and S 18in (45cm); dwarf, APONOGETON segments. Z4–7 H7–1. slightly nodding blooms with purple-blue,
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 12in (30cm); regular A. Biedermeier Group. Short-stemmed, spreading sepals and blue-based, white
tubular-shaped (hyacinth-like) flowers; APONOGETONACEAE compact perennials. H 12–14in (30–35cm), petals. ‘Nana Alba’. See A. flabellata var.
penstemon, trumpet-shaped flowers; S 8–12in (20–30cm). More or less upward- pumila f. alba. var. pumila, syn.
double; and irregular tubular-shaped Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water facing, open-bell-shaped flowers in colors A. akitensis (illus. p.226) grows to 4in
flowers. All have lance-shaped leaves plants, grown for their floating foliage and varying from purple-blue to lilac, red, pink (10cm) and has deep blue and white petals.
and, from spring to fall, bear spikes of often heavily scented flowers. Requires an or white are produced from late spring to var. pumila f. alba, syn. A. flabellata
usually 2-lipped, sometimes double, open, sunny position. Tidy fading foliage in mid-summer above divided,  bluish-green ‘Nana Alba’, H 4in (10cm), is compact and
flowers in a variety of colors, including fall. Propagate by division in spring or by foliage. Z4–7 H7–1. has white flowers.
white, pink, red, purple, yellow and seed when fresh. A. ‘Bluebird’ (Songbird Series), illus. A. ‘Florida’ (State Series). Clump-
orange. Z9–11 H11–1. Bells Series A. distachyos, illus. p.435. p.226. Clump-forming, compact perennial. forming, upright perennial. H 24in (60cm),
(dwarf, regular) is early-flowering, with H 24–28in (60–70cm), S 14–16in (35–40cm). S 12in (30cm). Open bell-shaped, fluted,
long-lasting flowers in purple, purple and APOROCACTUS Very large, open bell-shaped, fluted flowers mid-yellow flowers, with creamy-yellow,
white, red, rose-pink, pink, bronze, with white petals, soft pale violet-blue spreading sepals and long spurs, are
yellow, or white. ‘Black Prince’ illus. Rat’s tail cactus sepals and long, slightly curved spurs are produced in late spring and early summer
p.306. Chimes Series (dwarf, regular) is CACTACEAE borne in late spring and early summer above fernlike, divided, light green leaves.
very compact, producing flowers in a above fernlike, divided, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1.
wide color range including several Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their Z4–9 H9–1. A. fragrans. Upright perennial. H 6–16in
bicolors. Chimes Series (yellow), illus. pendent, slender, fleshy stems and bright A. ‘Bunting’ (Songbird Series), illus. (15–40cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Nodding,
p.320. Coronette Series (tall, regular) is flowers. Is suitable for hanging baskets. p.226. Clump-forming, compact perennial. bell-shaped, fragrant flowers, with creamy-
compact with tubular, 2-lipped flowers Needs partial shade and very well-drained H 24in (60cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Open white petals and bluish- or pinkish-white
in a wide range of colors. ‘Floral soil. Occasional light watering in winter bell-shaped, fluted flowers with blue- sepals, are borne in mid-summer above
Showers’ (dwarf, regular) is early- will stop stems dying back from the tips. flushed, white petals, violet-blue sepals and finely divided, bluish-green leaves. Z4–8
flowering, bearing flowers in up to 10 Propagate by stem cuttings in spring or long spurs are produced in late spring and H8–1.
colors, including some bicolors; tolerates summer. early summer above fernlike, divided, mid- A. ‘Goldfinch’ (Songbird Series).
wet weather. Kim Series (intermediate, A. flagelliformis, syn. Disocactus green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1. Clump-forming, compact perennial.
regular) has flowers in scarlet, deep rose, flagelliformis, illus. p.483. A. canadensis (Canadian columbine), H 24–28in (60–70cm), S 14in (35cm). Open
deep orange, primrose-yellow and white illus. p.226. Clump-forming, leafy perennial. bell-shaped, fluted, bright yellow flowers
as well as orange bicolor. Liberty APTENIA H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). In early are borne in late spring and early summer
Classic Series ‘Liberty Yellow’, illus. summer bears semi-pendent, bell-shaped above fernlike, divided, mid-green leaves.
p.319. Madame Butterfly Series (tall, AIZOACEAE flowers, with yellow sepals and red spurs, Z4–8 H8–1.
peloric) is available in a mixture of colors. several per slender stem, above fernlike, A. ‘Hensol Harebell’, illus. p.226. Clump-
Rocket Series (tall, regular) is vigorous, Genus of fast-growing, perennial dark green foliage. Z3–8 H8–1. forming, compact perennial. H 2ft (60cm),
with flowers in a broad color range; they succulents, with trailing, freely branching A. ‘Cardinal’ (Songbird Series). S 1ft (30cm). Has fernlike, divided, pale
are excellent for cut flowers. Sonnet stems, that make good groundcover. Clump-forming, compact perennial. H 20in green leaves. In late spring, tall, slender
Series (intermediate, regular) is bushy Requires full sun and very well-drained (50cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Open bell- stems bear pendent, bell-shaped, short-
and has flowers in a variety of colors. soil. Keep dry in winter. Propagate by shaped, fluted flowers with white petals, spurred, soft blue flowers. Z4–7 H7–1.
‘Trumpet Serenade’ (dwarf, seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer. deep red-pink at the base, dark red sepals A. jonesii, illus. p.368.
penstemon) has bicolored flowers in a A. cordifolia, syn. Mesembryanthemum and long, curved spurs are produced in late
mixture of pastel shades. cordifolium, illus. p.484. ‘Variegata’ is spring and early summer above fernlike,
a fast-growing, prostrate, perennial divided, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1.
succulent. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. A. chrysantha (Yellow columbine), illus.
Has oval, glossy, bright green leaves,

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A. karelinii. Clump-forming perennial. flowers, in shades of pink, crimson, purple ARALIA flowers in early summer are followed by
H 8–32in (20–80cm), S 5–12in (12–30cm). and white, are borne, several per long orange or red fruits. Z7–9 H9–7.
Nodding, bell-shaped, violet to wine-purple stem, in early summer. Leaves are gray- ARALIACEAE A. unedo, illus. p.93.
flowers, with spreading sepals and short, green, rounded and divided into leaflets.
hooked spurs, are produced in early Z3–8 H8–1. var. alba produces white Genus of deciduous trees, shrubs and ARCHONTOPHOENIX
summer above slightly glaucous, light flowers. ‘Magpie’. See A. vulgaris ‘William perennials, grown for their bold leaves
green leaves. Z3–9 H8–1. Guiness’. ‘Munstead White’. See A. and small, but profusely borne flowers. King palm
A. longissima (Longspur columbine), vulgaris ‘Nivea’. ‘Nivea’, syn. A. vulgaris Requires sun or semi-shade, some shelter
illus. p.226. Clump-forming, leafy perennial. ‘Munstead White’ (illus. p.226) has gray- and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate PALMAE/ARECACEAE
H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Bell-shaped, green leaves and glistening white flowers. those listed below by seed in fall or by
pale yellow flowers, with very long, bright var. stellata ‘Black Barlow’, illus. p.223. suckers or root cuttings in late winter. Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
yellow spurs, are borne, several per stem, bears spurless, double, deep purple-black A. elata (Japanese aralia tree). Deciduous majestic appearance. Needs full light or
in early summer, above fernlike, divided, flowers. var. stellata ‘Nora Barlow’ tree or suckering shrub with sparse, partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
mid-green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1. (illus. p.226) produces double red flowers, sturdy, prickly stems. H and S 30ft (10m). Water container specimens moderately,
A. ‘Mrs. Scott Elliott’. See A. Mrs. Scott pale green at the tips. var. stellata ‘Ruby Has large, dark green leaves with less when temperatures are low. Propagate
Elliott Hybrids. Port’ (illus. p.226) has spurless, deep ruby- numerous oval, paired leaflets. Billowing by seed in spring at not less than 75°F
A. Mrs. Scott Elliott Hybrids, syn. red double flowers. ‘William Guiness’, heads of tiny, white flowers, forming a (24°C). Red spider mite may be
A. ‘Mrs. Scott Elliott’. Clump-forming, leafy syn. A. vulgaris ‘Magpie’ (illus. p.226) has large panicle, 12–24in (30–60cm) long, are troublesome.
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). Bell- nodding, deep blue-purple flowers with borne in late summer and fall. Z4–9 H9–1. A. alexandrae, illus. p.452.
shaped flowers of various colors, often white-tipped petals. ‘Albomarginata’. See A. elata ‘Variegata’. A. cunninghamiana (Illawarra palm,
bicolored, have long spurs and are borne A. ‘Winky Red-White’ (Winky Series). ‘Aureovariegata’ has leaflets broadly Piccabeen palm). Evergreen palm.
in early summer on branching, wiry stems. Clump-forming, compact perennial. edged with yellow. ‘Variegata’, syn. H 50–70ft (15–20m), S 6–15ft (2–5m). Has
Has fernlike, divided, bluish-green leaves. H 14–20in (35–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Double A. elata ‘Albomarginata’ illus. p.93. long, arching, feather-shaped leaves.
Z4–7 H7–1. or semidouble, red-and-white flowers are A. elegantissima. See Schefflera Mature trees produce large clusters of
A. ‘Nuthatch’ (Songbird Series). produced in late spring and early summer elegantissima. small, lavender or lilac flowers in summer
Clump-forming, compact perennial. above fernlike, divided, pale to mid-green A. japonica. See Fatsia japonica. followed by large, egg-shaped, red fruits.
H 24–28in (60–70cm), S 12in (30cm). Open leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. A. sieboldii. See Fatsia japonica. Z10–11 H11–9.
bell-shaped, fluted, pink-based, white
flowers, with deep pink sepals and long ARABIS ARAUCARIA Arcterica nana. See Pieris nana.
spurs, are produced in late spring and
early summer above fernlike divided, Rock cres ARAUCARIACEAE ARCTOSTAPHYLOS A
mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1.
A. reuteri. See A. bertolonii. CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE See also CONIFERS. Manzanita 511
A. ‘Robin’ (Songbird Series). Clump- A. araucana, illus. p.98.
forming, compact perennial. H 24in (60cm), Genus of robust, evergreen perennials. A. excelsa. See A. heterophylla. ERICACEAE
S 12in (30cm). Open bell-shaped, fluted, Makes excellent groundcover in a rock A. heterophylla, syn. A. excelsa (Norfolk
white flowers, pink-flushed at the base, garden. Needs sun and well-drained soil. Island pine). Upright conifer. H 100ft (30m), Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
with spreading, dusky pink sepals and long Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has spirally set, grown for their foliage, flowers and fruits.
spurs, are produced in late spring and early or by seed in fall. needlelike, incurved, fresh green leaves. Some species are also grown for their bark,
summer above fernlike, divided, pale to A. albida. See A. alpina subsp. caucasica. Cones are seldom produced in cultivation. others as groundcovers. Provide shelter
mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. A. alpina subsp. caucasica, syn. Is often grown as a shade-tolerant house from strong winds. Does best in full sun
A. rockii. Upright perennial. H 20–32in A. albida, A. caucasica (Wall rock cress). plant. Z9–11 H11–9. and well-drained, acid soil. Propagate by
(50–80cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Nodding Evergreen, mat-forming perennial. H 6in semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
to semierect, narrowly bell-shaped, deep (15cm), S 20in (50cm). Bears loose rosettes ARAUJIA in fall.
purple flowers, with spreading sepals and of obovate, toothed, mid-green leaves A. alpina, syn. Arctous alpinus (Alpine
curved spurs, are borne in late spring and and, in late spring and summer, fragrant, ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE bearberry). Deciduous, creeping shrub.
early summer above divided, mid-green 4-petaled, white, occasionally pink, H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm). Produces
leaves, glaucous beneath. Z6–8 H7–1. flowers. Is excellent on a dry bank. Trim Genus of evergreen, twining climbers drooping, terminal clusters of tiny, urn-
A. scopulorum. Clump-forming back after flowering. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Douler with woody stems that exude milky juice shaped, pink-flushed, white flowers in late
perennial. H 21/2in (6cm), S 31/2in (9cm). In Angevine’, illus. p.352. ‘Flore Pleno’, when cut. Needs sun and fertile, well- spring. These are followed by rounded,
summer produces bell-shaped, fluted, pale syn. A. caucasica ‘Plena’ has double, white drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring purple-black berries. Leaves are oval,
blue, or rarely pink, flowers, each with a flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Variegata’, syn. A. or by stem cuttings in late summer or toothed, glossy and bright green. Z2–7
cream center and very long spurs. Leaves caucasica ‘Variegata’, illus. p.347. early fall. H7–1.
are divided into 9 oval, glaucous leaflets. A. x arendsii ‘Rosabella’, syn. A. sericifera, illus. p.195. A. diversifolia, syn. Comarostaphylis
Z4–8 H8–1. A. caucasica ‘Rosabella’. Evergreen, diversifolia (Summer holly). Evergreen,
A. ‘Sunburst Ruby’. Clump-forming mat-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), ARBUTUS upright shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). S 12in (30cm). Has large rosettes of small, (3m). Leaves are oblong, glossy and dark
Semi-upright, semidouble to double, deep oval, soft green leaves and a profusion of Manzanita, Strawberry tree green. Terminal racemes of fragrant, urn-
ruby-red flowers are borne in late spring single, deep pink flowers in spring and shaped, white flowers are borne from early
and early summer above fernlike, divided, early summer. Z5–8 H8–5. ERICACEAE to mid-spring, followed by spherical, red
golden leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. A. blepharophylla (California rock cress, fruits. Z7–9 H9–7.
A. triternata, illus. p.226. Upright Rose cress, Fringed rock cress). Short- Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, A. ‘Emerald Carpet’, illus. p.147.
perennial. H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 8–12in lived, evergreen, mat-forming perennial. grown for their leaves, clusters of small, A. hookeri ‘Monterey Carpet’, syn.
(20–30cm). Nodding, narrowly bell-shaped, H 5in (12cm), S 8in (20cm). Dislikes winter urn-shaped flowers, ornamental bark A. uva-ursi subsp. hookeri ‘Monterey
short-petaled, yellow flowers, sometimes wet. Has oval, toothed, dark green leaves, and strawberry-like fruits, which are Carpet’. Evergreen, open shrub. H 4–6in
red-flushed, with red sepals, are produced with hairy, gray margins, borne in loose edible but insipid. Must be protected (10–15cm), S 16in (40cm) or more. Has
in early summer above 3-parted, mid-green rosettes. Fragrant, 4-petaled, bright pink from strong, cold winds when young. hairy branchlets bearing glossy, pale
leaves. Z3–9 H8–1. to white flowers are produced in spring. Prefers full sun and needs fertile, well- green leaves and, in early summer,
A. viridiflora, illus. p.226. Upright, short- Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Frühlingszauber’, syn. A. drained soil; A. menziesii requires acid urn-shaped, white flowers, sometimes
lived perennial. H 8–20in (20–50cm), S 4–8in blepharophylla ‘Spring Charm’, illus. p.353. soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in flushed pink, which are followed by
(10–20cm). In late spring and early summer ‘Spring Charm’. See A. blepharophylla late summer or by seed in fall. globose, red fruits. Z8–9 H9–8.
produces fragrant, nodding, bell-shaped, ‘Frühlingszauber’. A. andrachne (Grecian strawberry tree). A. manzanita (Manzanita, Parry
purple, chocolate-brown, or sometimes A. caucasica. See A. alpina subsp. Evergreen, spreading tree or shrub. H and manzanita). Evergreen, upright shrub.
yellow-green, flowers, with green sepals, caucasica. ‘Plena’. See A. alpina subsp. S 20ft (6m). Has oval, glossy, dark green H and S 6ft (2m) or more. Has peeling,
above 3-parted, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 caucasica ‘Flore Pleno’. ‘Rosabella’. See leaves and peeling, reddish-brown bark. reddish-brown bark and oval, leathery,
H8–1. A. x arendsii ‘Rosabella’. ‘Variegata’. Panicles of urn-shaped, white flowers in late gray-green leaves. From early to mid-
A. vulgaris (Granny’s bonnets). Clump- See A. alpina subsp. caucasica ‘Variegata’. spring are followed by orange-red fruits. spring produces small, urn-shaped, deep
forming, leafy perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in A. ferdinandi-coburgi ‘Variegata’. Prefers a sheltered position. Z7–9 H9–7. pink flowers. Z8–10 H9–8.
(50cm). Many funnel-shaped, short-spurred See A. procurrens ‘Variegata’. A. x andrachnoides, illus. p.79. A. nevadensis (Pine-mat manzanita).
A. procurrens ‘Variegata’, syn. A. A. menziesii (Madroña, Madroñe). Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),
ferdinandi-coburgi ‘Variegata’, illus. p.375. Evergreen, spreading tree. H and S 50ft S 3ft (1m). Has small, oval leaves. In
(15m). Has smooth, peeling, reddish bark summer, pendent, urn-shaped, white
and oval, dark green leaves. Large, upright, flowers are borne in clusters in leaf axils,
terminal panicles of urn-shaped, white followed by globose, brownish-red fruits.

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Is useful as groundcover. Z7–9 H9–7. not dry soil. Water potted plants freely climber. H 25–30ft (8–10m). Has oval, silver- A hooded, green or purple spathe, with a
A. nummularia (Fort Bragg manzanita). when in full growth, moderately at other backed leaves, 7–11in (18–27cm) long. protruding, S-shaped spadix, overtops
Evergreen, erect to prostrate shrub. H 1ft times. Cut back old plants in early spring Clusters of funnel-shaped, lavender-blue leaves. Produces spikes of fleshy, red fruits
(30cm) or more, S 3ft (1m). Leaves are if required. Propagate by seed in spring flowers, with darker bases and white in fall. Z8–9 H9–7.
small, rounded, leathery and toothed. or by semiripe cuttings in summer. downy in bud, are produced in summer– A. triphyllum, syn. A. atrorubens,
Pendent, urn-shaped, white flowers are A. crenata, syn. A. crenulata, illus. p.456. fall. Z13–15 H11–1. illus. p.406.
borne in clusters from leaf axils in summer, A. crenulata. See A. crenata. A. speciosa. See A. nervosa.
followed by globose, green fruits. Makes ARISARUM
good groundcover. Z7–9 H9–7. Areca lutescens. See Dypsis lutescens. Argyrocytisus battandieri. See
A. patula, illus. p.144. Arecastrum romanozoffianum. See Cytisus battandieri. ARACEAE
A. stanfordiana (Stanford manzanita). Syagrus romanozoffianum.
Evergreen, erect shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Aregelia carolinae. See Neoregelia ARGYRODERMA Genus of tuberous perennials, grown
Bark is smooth and reddish-brown. Has carolinae. mainly for their curious, hooded spathes
narrowly oval, glossy, bright green leaves. AIZOACEAE enclosing spadices with minute flowers.
Drooping clusters of urn-shaped, pink ARENARIA Needs partial shade and rich, well-drained
flowers are borne from early to mid-spring. Genus of perennial succulents, grown for soil. Propagate in fall by dividing
Z6–9 H9–6. Sandwort their very fleshy, gray-green leaves united established clumps of tubers, which
A. uva-ursi, illus. p.376. ‘Point Reyes’ CARYOPHYLLACEAE in a prostrate, egg shape. In summer, produce offsets freely.
illus. p.375. ‘Vancouver Jade’ is an daisylike flowers appear in central split A. proboscideum (Mouse plant).
evergreen, trailing, sometimes arching Genus of spring- and summer-flowering between leaves. Needs full sun and Clump-forming, spring-flowering,
shrub. H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm). Has annuals and perennials, some of which extremely well-drained soil. Propagate by tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm),
small, oval, bright green leaves and bears are evergreen. Most need sun and well- seed in summer. S 8–12in (20–30cm). Leaves are arrow-
urn-shaped, white flowers in summer. drained, sandy soil. Propagate by division A. aureum. See A. delaetii. shaped and prostrate. Produces a spadix
Z2–6 H6–1. or softwood cuttings in early summer or A. blandum. See A. delaetii. of minute flowers concealed in a hooded,
A. uva-ursi subsp. hookeri ‘Monterey by seed in fall or spring. A. brevipes. See A. fissum. dark brown spathe that is drawn out into
Carpet’. See A. hookeri ‘Monterey Carpet’. A. balearica, illus. p.347. A. delaetii, syn. A. aureum, A. blandum, a tail up to 6in (15cm) long, creating a
A. montana, illus. p.360. illus. p.488. mouse-like effect. Z7–9 H9–7.
ARCTOTHECA A. purpurascens, illus. p.351. A. fissum, syn. A. brevipes, illus. p.491.
A. tetraquetra, illus. p.348. A. pearsonii, syn. A. schlechteri, illus. ARISTEA
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE p.491.
ARGEMONE A. schlechteri. See A. pearsonii. IRIDACEAE
Genus of creeping perennials. Requires a
position in bright light and fertile, well- Prickly poppy ARIOCARPUS Genus of evergreen, clump-forming,
drained soil; dislikes humid conditions. PAPAVERACEAE rhizomatous perennials, grown for their
Propagate by seed or division in spring. Living rock spikes of blue flowers in spring or summer.
A. calendula, syn. Cryptostemma Genus of robust perennials, most of Prefers a sunny position and well-drained
calendulaceum (Cape dandelion), illus. p.476. which are best treated as annuals. Grow CACTACEAE soil. Established plants cannot be moved
in sun and in very well-drained soil satisfactorily. Propagate by seed in fall or
ARCTOTIS without supports. Deadhead to prolong Genus of very slow-growing, perennial spring.
the flowering season. Propagate by seed cacti with large, swollen roots. Has A. capitata, syn. A. major, A. thyrsiflora,
A SYN. x VENIDIOARCTOTIS sown outdoors in late spring. flattened, spherical, green stems with illus. p.393.
African daisy A. mexicana, illus. p.321. angular tubercles and tufts of wool. Prefers A. ecklonii. Evergreen, clump-forming,
full sun and extremely well-drained, lime- rhizomatous perennial. H 12–24in
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ARGYRANTHEMUM rich soil. Is very prone to rotting. Propagate (30–60cm), S 8–16in (20–40cm). Has long,
by seed in spring or summer. sword-shaped, tough leaves, overtopped
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE A. fissuratus (Living rock). Very slow- in summer by loosely branched spikes of
their flower heads and foliage. Requires full growing, flattened spherical, perennial saucer-shaped, blue flowers, produced in
sun and leafy loam with sharp sand added. Genus of evergreen subshrubs, grown for cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Gray long succession. Z9–10 H10–9.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring or by their daisylike flowers. Needs full sun and stem is covered with rough, triangular A. major. See A. capitata.
stem cuttings year-round. moderately fertile, well-drained soil. tubercles each producing a tuft of wool. A. thyrsiflora. See A. capitata.
A. Harlequin Hybrids, syn. A. x hybrida. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer Bears pink-red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across,
Fairly slow-growing, upright, branching or root greenwood cuttings in spring. in fall. Z12–15 H11–10. ARISTOLOCHIA
perennial, usually grown as an annual. A. BUTTERFLY (‘Ulyssis’), illus. p.319.
H and S 18in (45cm). Lance-shaped, lobed A. frutescens, syn. Chrysanthemum ARISAEMA Birthwort
leaves are grayish-green above, white frutescens (Marguerite), illus. p.298.
below. In summer has large, daisylike A. ‘Jamaica Primrose’, syn. ARACEAE ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
flower heads in many shades, including Chrysanthemum frutescens ‘Jamaica
yellow, orange, bronze, purple, pink, cream Primrose’, illus. p.319. Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for Genus of evergreen or deciduous,
and red. ’Bacchus’. has purple flower A. ‘Mary Wootton’, syn. their large, curious, hooded spathes, each woody-stemmed, twining and scrambling
heads; ’China Rose’ deep pink; Chrysanthemum frutescens ‘Mary enclosing a pencil-shaped spadix. Forms climbers, grown for their foliage and
’Sunshine’ yellow; ’Tangerine’ orange- Wootton’. Evergreen, woody-based, spikes of fleshy, red fruits in fall, before flowers. Requires partial shade in
yellow; and ’Torch’ bronze. Z13–15 bushy perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has dying down. Needs sun or partial shade and summer and well-drained soil. Water
H11–10. fernlike, divided, pale green foliage and moist but well-drained rich soil. Plant tubers regularly, less when not in full growth.
A. x hybrida. See A. Harlequin Hybrids. bears daisylike, pink flower heads 6in (15cm) deep in spring. Propagate by Provide support. Cut back previous
A. stoechadifolia. See A. venusta. throughout summer. Z10–11 H11–1. seed in fall or spring or by offsets in spring. season’s growth to 2 or 3 nodes in spring.
A. venusta, syn. A. stoechadifolia (African A. ‘Summer Melody’, illus. p.300. A. atrorubens. See A. triphyllum. Propagate by seed in spring or by
daisy). Compact perennial, often grown as A. candidissimum, illus. p.422. semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider
an annual. H 20in (50cm) or more, S 16in ARGYREIA A. consanguineum, illus. p.393. mite and whitefly may be a nuisance.
(40cm). Daisylike, creamy-white flower A. griffithii, illus. p.412. A. durior. See A. macrophylla.
heads with blue centers are borne singly CONVOLVULACEAE A. jacquemontii, illus. p.412. A. elegans. See A. littoralis.
throughout summer and into fall. A. ringens (Cobra jack). Early spring- A. gigas. See A. grandiflora.
Chrysanthemum-like leaves are dark green Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, flowering, tuberous perennial. H 10–12in A. grandiflora, syn. A. gigas (Pelican
above, gray beneath. Z13–15 H11–10. closely allied to Ipomoea and grown for (25–30cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears 2 flower, Swan flower). Fast-growing,
their showy flowers. Needs full light and erect leaves, each with 3 long-pointed evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
Arctous alpinus. See Arctostaphylos fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely when lobes, and a widely hooded, green spathe, climber. H 22ft (7m) or more. Leaves are
alpina. in full growth, sparingly at other times. enclosing the spadix, that has paler green broadly oval, 6–10in (15–25cm) long. In
Support is needed. Thin out previous stripes and is edged with dark brown- summer bears large, unpleasant-smelling,
512 ARDISIA season’s growth in spring. Propagate by purple. Z6–9 H9–6. tubular, purple-veined, white flowers, each
seed in spring or by softwood or A. sikokianum, illus. p.408. with a long tail and expanding at the mouth
MYRSINACEAE/PRIMULACEAE greenwood cuttings in summer. Red spider A. tortuosum. Summer-flowering, into a heart-shaped lip. Z13–15 H11–10.
mite and whitefly may be troublesome. tuberous perennial. H 1–3ft (30cm–1m), A. griffithii, syn. Isotrema griffithii.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, A. nervosa, syn. A. speciosa (Woolly S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). Each dark green- Moderately vigorous, evergreen, woody-
grown for their fruits and foliage. Needs morning glory). Evergreen, twining mottled, pale green stem bears 2–3 erect stemmed, twining climber. H 15–20ft
partial shade and rich, well-drained but leaves, divided into several oval leaflets.

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(5–6m). Deciduous in cold winters. Has tubular, bright yellow flowers, each with Evergreen, bushy perennial, woody at heads in summer. Needs light soil. Z3–7
heart-shaped leaves and tubular, dark red 5 spreading lobes and fading dark spots base. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm). Has a H7–1. ‘Boughton Silver’, syn. A.
flowers, each with an expanded, spreading at petal bases. Z6–8 H8–6. mass of finely divided, aromatic, silvery- stelleriana ‘Mori’, A. stelleriana ‘Silver
lip, in summer. Z10–11 H11–7. gray leaves. Produces tiny, insignificant, Brocade’, S 3ft (1m), is vigorous and
A. littoralis, syn. A. elegans , illus. p.462. ARNICA gray flower heads, borne in long panicles, arching in habit. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Mori’. See
A. macrophylla, syn. A. durior, A. sipho, in summer. Needs protection in an exposed A. stelleriana ‘Boughton Silver’. ‘Silver
illus. p.204. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE site. Z4–8 H9–1. Brocade’. See A. stelleriana ‘Boughton
A. sipho. See A. macrophylla. A. alba ‘Canescens’, syn. A. canescens, A. Silver’.
Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown for splendens. Semievergreen, bushy perennial.
ARISTOTELIA their large, daisylike flower heads. Is suitable H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has delicate, ARTHROPODIUM
for large rock gardens. Prefers sun and rich, finely cut, curling, silvery-gray leaves. In
ELAEOCARPACEAE well-drained soil. Propagate by division or summer, insignificant, yellow flower heads LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
are borne on erect, silver stems. Makes
Genus of evergreen shrubs and deciduous seed in spring. T All parts may cause severe good groundcover. Z4–8 H8–1. Genus of tufted perennials, grown for their
trees, grown for their foliage. Needs A. arborescens, illus. p.165. ‘Brass flowers. Prefers a position against a sunny,
separate male and female plants in order to discomfort if ingested, and contact with sap Band’. See A. ‘Powis Castle’.‘Faith sheltered wall in fertile soil. Propagate by
obtain fruits. Needs sun or semi-shade and may aggravate skin allergies. Raven’ is an evergreen, upright shrub. division in spring or by seed in spring or
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by A. montana. Tufted, rhizomatous H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Differs from the fall.
semiripe cuttings in summer. perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm). species only in that it is hardier. Has finely A. cirratum, syn. A. cirrhatum
A. chilensis, syn. A. macqui. Evergreen, Bears narrowly oval to oval, hairy, gray- cut, aromatic, silvery-white foliage and, in (Rienga lily, Rock lily). Branching
spreading shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). green leaves and, in summer, solitary summer and early fall, rounded heads of perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Bears
Leaves are oval, glossy and deep green. daisylike, golden flower heads, 2in (5cm) small, bright yellow flowers. Z5–9 H9–5. sprays of nodding, shallowly cup-shaped,
Tiny, star-shaped, green flowers are borne wide. Prefers acid soil. Z5–8 H8–5. A. assoana. See A. caucasica. white flowers on wiry stems in early
in summer, followed by small, spherical, A. canescens. See A. alba ‘Canescens’. summer. Has a basal tuft of narrowly
black fruits. Z9–11 H11–7. ARONIA A. caucasica, syn. A. assoana, A. lanata, sword-shaped leaves and fleshy roots.
A. macqui. See A. chilensis. A. pedemontana. Evergreen or Z8–9 H9–8.
Chokeberry semievergreen, prostrate perennial. H and A. cirrhatum. See A. cirratum.
ARMERIA S 12in (30cm). Fernlike foliage is densely
ROSACEAE covered with silvery-white hairs. Small ARUM A
Sea pink, Thrift clusters of small, rounded, yellow flower
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for heads are borne in summer. Suits a rock ARACEAE
PLUMBAGINACEAE their flowers, fruits and colorful fall foliage. garden or wall. Z5–9 H9–1.
Needs sun (for fall color at its best) or semi- A. frigida. Semievergreen, mat-forming Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
Genus of evergreen perennials and, shade and fertile, well-drained soil. perennial with a woody base. H 12in (30cm) their leaves and spathes, each enclosing
occasionally, subshrubs, grown for their Propagate by softwood or semiripe in flower, S 12in (30cm) or more. Bears a pencil-shaped spadix of tiny flowers.
tuftlike clumps or rosettes of leaves and cuttings in summer, by seed sown in fall small, fernlike, aromatic, silky, gray-white Requires sun or partial shade and moist
their flower heads. Needs sun and well- or by division from early fall to spring. leaves, divided into many linear lobes. In but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe A. arbutifolia (Red chokeberry), illus. summer produces narrow panicles of small, in fall or by division in early fall.
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. p.142. Deciduous shrub, upright when rounded, yellow flower heads. Z3–8 H8–3. A. creticum, illus. p.407.
A. ‘Bees Ruby’, syn. A. pseudarmeria young, later arching. H 10ft (3m), S 5ft A. lactiflora, illus. p.216. A. dioscoridis. Spring-flowering,
‘Bees Ruby’. Evergreen, clump-forming (1.5m). Clusters of small, white flowers, A. lanata. See A. caucasica. tuberous perennial. H 8–14in (20–35cm),
subshrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Round with red anthers, in late spring, are A. ludoviciana (Western mugwort, S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has a sail-like, green
heads of many small, ruby-red flowers followed by red berries. Dark green leaves White sage). Semievergreen, or purple spathe, blotched dark purple,
are produced in summer on stiff stems turn red in fall. Z5–9 H8–4. rhizomatous, clump-forming perennial. surrounding a blackish-purple spadix.
above narrow, grasslike, dark green A. melanocarpa, illus. p.128. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has aromatic, Arrow-shaped, semierect leaves are
leaves. Z5–7 H9–4. A. x prunifolia (Purple chokeberry). lance-shaped, woolly, silvery-gray leaves produced in fall. Needs a sheltered,
A. caespitosa. See A. juniperifolia. Deciduous, upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), with jagged margins. Bears slender sunny site. Z7–9 H9–7.
A. juniperifolia, syn. A. caespitosa, S 8ft (2.5m). Oval, glossy, dark green leaves plumes of tiny, grayish-white flower A. dracunculus. See Dracunculus vulgaris.
illus. p.352. ‘Bevans Variety’ is an redden in fall. Produces star-shaped, white heads in summer. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Silver A. italicum ‘Marmoratum’, syn. A.
evergreen, densely cushioned subshrub. flowers in late spring and early summer, Queen’, H 30in (75cm), has densely italicum ‘Pictum’, illus. p.421. ‘Pictum’.
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm). Has narrow, followed by spherical, purplish-black fruits. white-woolly panicles of brownish-yellow See A. italicum ‘Marmoratum’.
pointed, mid- to gray-green leaves in loose Z5–9 H9–5. flower heads from mid-summer to fall. A. pictum. Fall-flowering, tuberous
rosettes. Round heads of small, deep pink Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Valerie Finnis’ illus. p.274. perennial. H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 6–8in
flowers are borne in late spring and early ARRHENATHERUM A. pedemontana. See A. caucasica. (15–20cm). Arrow-shaped, semierect,
summer. Z5–7 H9–4. A. pontica (Roman wormwood). glossy leaves, with cream veins, appear at
A. latifolia. See A. pseudarmeria. Oat grass Vigorous, upright perennial. H 24in (60cm), same time as cowl-like, deep purple-brown
A. maritima. Evergreen, clump-forming S 8in (20cm). Has aromatic, feathery, silver- spathe and dark purple spadix. Z6–9 H9–6.
perennial or subshrub. H 4in (10cm), S 6in GRAMINEAE/POACEAE green foliage and tall spikes of small,
(15cm). Leaves are narrow, grasslike and grayish flower heads in summer. May ARUNCUS
dark green. Stiff stems bear round heads See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES spread. Z4–8 H8–1.
of many small, white to pink flowers in and SEDGES. A. ‘Powis Castle’, syn. A. arborescens ROSACEAE
summer. Makes a good edging plant. Z3–9 A. elatius (False oat grass). subsp. ‘Brass Band’, illus. p.242.
H9–1. ‘Vindictive’ illus. p.365. bulbosum ‘Variegatum’ (False oat grass) A. schmidtiana (Silvermound). Genus of perennials, grown for their
A. pseudarmeria, syn. A. latifolia, illus. is a loosely tuft-forming, herbaceous, Semievergreen, hummock-forming hummocks of broad, fernlike leaves and
p.336. ‘Bees Ruby’. See A. ‘Bees Ruby’. perennial grass. H 20in (50cm), S 8in perennial with creeping stems. H 3–12in their plumes of white flowers in summer.
(20cm). Has a basal stem swelling, hairless, (8–30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has fernlike, very Thrives in full light and any well-drained
ARNEBIA gray-green leaves, with white margins, finely and deeply cut, silver leaves and, in soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by division
and open panicles of brownish spikelets summer, produces short racemes of small, in spring or fall.
BORAGINACEAE in summer. Z5–8 H8–5. rounded, pale yellow flower heads. Is good A. dioicus, syn. A. sylvester, Spiraea
for a large rock garden, wall or bank. aruncus (Goat’s beard), illus. p.436.
Genus of perennials with hairy leaves, ARTEMISIA Needs sandy, peaty soil. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Nana’ ‘Kneiffii’ illus. p.231.
suitable for rock gardens and banks. Needs illus. p.374. A. sylvester. See A. dioicus.
sun and gritty, well-drained soil. Propagate Wormwood A. splendens. See A. alba ‘Canescens’.
by seed in fall, by root cuttings in winter or A. stelleriana (Beach wormwood). Arundinaria anceps. See Yushania 513
by division in spring. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Evergreen, rounded, rhizomatous perennial anceps.
A. echioides. See A. pulchra. with a woody base. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), Arundinaria auricoma. See Pleioblastus
A. pulchra, syn. A. echioides, Genus of perennials and spreading, dwarf S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). White-haired, silver viridistriatus.
Macrotomia echioides, Echioides subshrubs and shrubs, some of which are leaves are deeply lobed or toothed. Bears Arundinaria falconeri. See
longiflorum (Prophet flower). Clump- evergreen or semievergreen, grown mainly slender sprays of small, yellow flower Himalayacalamus falconeri.
forming perennial. H 9–12in (23–30cm), for their fernlike, silvery foliage, which is Arundinaria fastuosa. See
S 10in (25cm). Leaves are lance-shaped sometimes aromatic. Prefers an open, Semiarundinaria fastuosa.
to narrowly oval, hairy and light green. sunny, well-drained site; dwarf types Arundinaria fortunei. See Pleioblastus
In summer produces loose racemes of benefit from a winter protection of sharp variegatus.
grit or gravel. Trim lightly in spring.
Propagate by division in spring or fall or by
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
A. abrotanum, illus. p.165.
A. absinthium ‘Lambrook Silver’.

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Arundinaria japonica. See Pseudosasa ASCLEPIAS ASPERULA perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm)
japonica. or more. Produces lance-shaped, yellow-
Arundinaria jaunsarensis. See Yushania Milkweed Woodruff spotted, glossy, deep green leaves, 16–
anceps. 24in (40–60cm) long. Cup-shaped, yellow
Arundinaria murieliae. See Fargesia ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE RUBIACEAE flowers are borne near ground level, in
murieliae. summer–fall. Z10–13 H12–1.
Arundinaria nitida. See Fargesia nitida. Genus of tuberous perennials or Genus of annuals and perennials; some A. elatior (Cast-iron plant). Evergreen,
Arundinaria variegata. See Pleioblastus subshrubs, some of which are evergreen, species make good alpine houseplants. rhizomatous perennial. H 24in (60cm),
variegatus. grown for their flowers which attract poll. Most species need sun and well-drained S 18in (45cm). Has upright, narrow,
Stems exude milky, white latex when cut. soil with moisture at roots. Dislikes pointed-oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) long.
ARUNDO Hardy species prefer a position in sun and winter wet on crown. Propagate by Inconspicuous, cream to purple flowers
rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings or seed in early are occasionally produced on short stalks
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE division or seed in spring. Tender species summer. near soil level. Z7–11 H11–4. ‘Asahi’ has
require sun and a moist atmosphere; A. athoa. See A. suberosa. variegated leaves each with a narrow,
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES cut back during periods of growth. A. odorata. See Galium odoratum. inverted wedge-shaped, white zone
and SEDGES. Water very sparingly in low temperatures. A. suberosa, syn. A. athoa, illus. p.362. extending down the leaf from the apex.
A. donax (Giant reed). Herbaceous, Propagate by tip cuttings or seed in spring. Z7–11 H11–4. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.277.
rhizomatous, perennial grass. H to 20ft ASPHODELINE A. zongbayi ‘Uan Fat Lady’.
(6m), S 3ft (1m). Has thick stems that bear T Contact with the milky sap may irritate Evergreen, rhizomatous perennial. H 20in
broad, floppy, blue-green leaves. Produces Jacob’s rod (50cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Slender
dense, erect panicles of whitish-yellow skin. leaf stalks bear broadly oval, wavy-
spikelets in summer. Can be grown in A. curassavica (Bloodflower). Evergreen, LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE margined, bright green leaves, 8in (20cm)
moist soil. Z6–9 H11–1. var. versicolor, bushy, tuberous subshrub. H and S 3ft (1m). long, speckled with greenish-yellow and
syn. A. donax ‘Variegata’ illus. p.436. Has narrowly oval leaves, to 6in (15cm) Genus of perennials with thick, fleshy with a central, broad, pale stripe. Cup-
‘Variegata’. See A. donax var. versicolor. long. Umbels of small but showy, 5-horned, roots. Requires sun and not over-rich soil. shaped, purple flowers are produced near
orange-red flowers, with yellow centers, Propagate by division in early spring, ground level from late summer to fall.
ASARINA are produced in summer–fall and are taking care not to damage roots, or by Z11–14 H12–1.
followed by narrowly ovoid, pointed seed in fall or spring.
SCROPHULARIACEAE/ fruits,  3in (8cm) long, with silky seeds. A. liburnica. Neat, clump-forming ASPLENIUM
PLANTAGINACEAE Z9–11 H11–6. perennial. H 10–24in (25–60cm), S 12in
A. hallii. Upright, tuberous perennial. H to (30cm). In spring produces racemes of ASPLENIACEAE
Genus of evergreen climbers and 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has oblong leaves, to shallowly cup-shaped, yellow flowers on
perennials, often with scandent stems, 5in (13cm) long. Umbels of small, 5-horned, slender stems above linear, gray-green Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
grown for their flowers. Is herbaceous in dark pink flowers are borne in summer; leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. ferns. Plants described prefer partial
cold climates. Needs full light and well- tightly packed silky seeds are enclosed in A. lutea, illus. p.227. shade, but A. trichomanes tolerates full
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring. narrowly ovoid fruits, to 6in (15cm) long. sun. Grow in any moist soil, although
A. barclayana. See Maurandya Z9–11 H11–10. ASPHODELUS container plants should be cultivated in a
barclayana. A. physocarpa. See Gomphocarpus compost that includes chopped sphagnum
A. erubescens. See Lophospermum physocarpus. Asphodel moss or coarse peat. Regularly remove
erubescens. A. syriaca (Common milkweed). Upright, any fronds that are fading. Propagate
tuberous perennial. H and S 3ft (1m) or LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE by spores or bulbils, if produced, in late
A A. procumbens, syn. Antirrhinum more. Bears oval leaves, to 8in (20cm) long. summer.
asarina, illus. p.371. Produces umbels of small, 5-horned, Genus of spring- or summer-flowering A. bulbiferum (Hen-and-chicken fern,
purplish-pink flowers borne on drooping annuals and perennials. Requires sun; most Mother spleenwort). Semievergreen or
514 ASARUM flower stalks in summer, are followed by prefer fertile, well-drained soil. A. albus evergreen fern. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in
narrowly ovoid fruits, to 6in (15cm) long prefers light, well-drained soil. Propagate (30cm). Lance-shaped, finely divided, dark
SYN. HEXASTYLIS and filled with silky seeds. Z3–9 H9–2. by division in spring or by seed in fall. green fronds produce bulbils from which
Wild ginger A. tuberosa (Butterflyweed), illus. p.246. A. acaulis. Prostrate perennial. H 2in young plants develop. Z9–11 H11–8.
(5cm), S 9in (23cm). In spring or early A. ceterach, syn. Ceterach officinarum,
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE ASIMINA summer, stemless, funnel-shaped, flesh- illus. p.293.
pink flowers are produced in the center A. nidus, illus. p.479.
Genus of rhizomatous perennials, some of ANNONACEAE of each cluster of grasslike, mid-green A. scolopendrium, syn. Phyllitis
which are evergreen, with pitcher-shaped leaves. Is suitable for an alpine house. scolopendrium, Scolopendrium vulgare,
flowers carried under kidney- or heart- Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs Z9–10 H10–9. illus. p.292. Marginatum Group, syn.
shaped leaves. Makes good groundcover, and trees, grown for their foliage and A. aestivus, syn. A. microcarpus Phyllitis scolopendrium ‘Marginatum’, illus.
although leaves may become damaged in flowers. Prefers full sun and fertile, deep, (Asphodel). Upright perennial. H 3ft (1m), p.292.
severe weather. Prefers shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by S 1ft (30cm). Dense panicles of star-shaped, A. trichomanes, illus. p.291.
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by layering or root cuttings white flowers are borne in late spring. Has
division in spring. Self-seeds readily. in winter. basal rosettes of upright, then spreading, ASTELIA
A. caudatum. Evergreen, prostrate, A. triloba (Pawpaw). Deciduous, open grasslike, channeled, leathery, mid-green
rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 10in shrub or small tree. H and S 12–25ft (4–8m). leaves. Z7–10 H10–7. ASTELIACEAE
(25cm) or more. Heart-shaped, leathery, Large, oval, mid-green leaves emerge in A. albus, illus. p.230.
glossy, dark green leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm) late spring or early summer, just after, or A. microcarpus. See A. aestivus. Genus of clump-forming perennials, grown
across, conceal small, pitcher-shaped, at the same time as, 6-petaled, purplish- mainly for their foliage. Prefers full sun or
reddish-brown or brownish-purple brown flowers. Edible fruits are small, ASPIDISTRA semi-shade and fertile soil that does not dry
flowers, with tail-like lobes, in early globular and pale green. Leaves turn yellow out readily. Propagate by division in spring.
summer. Z7–9 Z9–7. in fall. Z6–8 H8–6. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE A. chathamica, illus. p.242.
A. europaeum, illus. p.375. A. nervosa. Clump-forming perennial.
A. hartwegii (Sierra wild ginger). ASPARAGUS Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous H 2ft (60cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has long, sword-
Evergreen, prostrate, rhizomatous perennials that spread slowly, grown shaped, arching, silvery-gray leaves, above
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 10in (25cm) or LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE mainly for their glossy foliage. Although which, in summer, rise branching panicles
more. Pitcher-shaped, very dark brown, very tolerant, is best grown in a cool, of small, star-shaped, pale brown flowers.
almost black, flowers, with tail-like lobes, Genus of perennials and scrambling shady position away from direct sunlight Z8–9 H9–8.
are produced in early summer beneath climbers and shrubs, some of which are and in well-drained soil. Water frequently
heart-shaped, silver-marked, mid-green evergreen, grown for their foliage. Grow when in full growth, less at other times. ASTER
leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm) wide. Z2–8 H8–1. in partial shade or bright light, but not Propagate by division of rhizomes in
A. shuttleworthii (Shuttleworth ginger). direct sun, in any fertile, well-drained spring. Michaelmas daisy
Evergreen, prostrate, rhizomatous soil. Propagate by seed or division in A. attenuata. Evergreen, rhizomatous
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 10in (25cm) or spring. perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm) COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
more. Has broadly heart-shaped, usually A. densiflorus, illus. p.474. ‘Myersii’, or more. Has long-stalked, pointed,
silver-marked, mid-green leaves, 3in (8cm) syn. A. meyeri, A. ‘Myers’ (Foxtail fern), elliptic, yellow-spotted, glossy, deep Genus of perennials and deciduous or
across. Bears pitcher-shaped, dark brown illus. p.474. green leaves, 18–20in (45–50cm) long. evergreen subshrubs with daisylike flower
flowers, mottled violet inside, in early A. meyeri. See A. densiflorus ‘Myersii’. Small, urn-shaped red and yellow flowers heads borne in summer-fall. Prefers sun or
summer. Z5–9 H9–1. A. ‘Myers’. See A. densiflorus ‘Myersii’. are produced at ground level in spring or
A. scandens, illus. p.463. fall. Z10–13 H12–1.
A. daibuensis. Evergreen, rhizomatous

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partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil, arching sprays of pale pink flower heads. (illus. p.249), H 5ft (1.5m), produces fall. Has small, narrowly oval, bright green
with adequate moisture all summer. Tall Z5–8 H8–1. f. prostratus, H to 8in yellow-centered, bright violet-purple leaves. Z4–7 H8–1. ‘Nanus’, H and S 20in
asters require staking. Propagate by (20cm), S 24in (60cm), makes good flower heads. (50cm), makes a compact dome of blooms.
softwood cuttings in spring or by division groundcover and has tiny, needlelike A. novi-belgii (New York aster). Z4–8 Z4–7 H8–1.
in spring or fall. Some species may suffer leaves and white or pale mauve flower H8–1. ‘Apple Blossom’ (illus. p.249) A. ‘Sunhelene’, illus. p.249. Clump-
from powdery mildew. See also feature heads. Z5–8 H8–1. f. prostratus ‘Snow Vigorous, spreading perennial. H 36in forming, upright, compact perennial.
panel p.249. Flurry’ has pure white flowers; is good (90cm), S 24–30in (60–75cm). Panicles of H 36in (100cm), S 16in (40cm). Has lance-
A. acris. See A. sedifolius. in gravel or in a rock garden. Z5–8 H8–1. single, pale soft pink flowers are borne in shaped, mildew-resistant, mid-green
A. albescens, syn. Microglossa albescens. ‘White Heather’ (illus. p.249) produces fall amid lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. leaves. In late summer and fall, upright,
Deciduous, upright, slender-stemmed long-lasting, neat, white flower heads in ‘Carnival ’ (illus. p.249), H 30in (75cm), branched sprays bear masses of daisylike,
subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has late fall and wire stems that may need S to 18in (45cm), bears double, cerise-red double, blue-mauve flower heads.
narrowly lance-shaped, gray-green leaves support. Z5–8 H8–1. flower heads with yellow centers. Leaves Z4–7 H8–1.
and flattish sprays of lavender-blue flower A. x frikartii ‘Mönch’. Bushy perennial. are dark green. Is prone to mildew. A. thomsonii. Upright perennial. H 3ft
heads, with yellow centers, in mid-summer. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears ‘Chequers’ (illus. p.249), H 36in (90cm), (1m), S 20in (50cm). Produces long-petaled,
Z7–10 H10–7. daisylike, single, soft lavender-blue S 24–30in (60–75cm), has single, purple pale lilac flower heads, freely in fall. Leaves
A. alpinus, illus. p.367. ‘Dark Beauty’. flower heads with yellowish-green flowers. ‘Climax’, H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft are slightly heart-shaped. Z4–8 H8–1.
See A. alpinus ‘Dunkle Schöne’. ‘Dunkle centers continuously from mid-summer (60cm), bears single, light blue flowers. Is ‘Nanus’ is more compact, H 18in (45cm),
Schöne’, syn. A. alpinus ‘Dark Beauty’ is to late fall. Leaves are oval and rough. mildew-resistant. The flower heads of S 9in (23cm). Z4–8 H8–1.
a clump-forming perennial. H 10in May need staking. Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Wunder ‘Fellowship’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm), A. tongolensis (East Indies aster). Mat-
(25cm), S 18in (45cm). Leaves are lance- von Stäfa’ (illus. p.249) has lavender are large, double, and clear, deep pink; forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),
shaped and dark green. Deep purple flowers. Z5–8 H8–1. those of ‘Freda Ballard’ (illus. p.249) S 12in (30cm). Large, lavender-blue
flower heads are borne from mid- to late A. ‘Kylie’. Clump-forming, upright are semidouble and rich rose-red. flower heads, with orange centers,
summer. Is suitable for a rock garden. perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in (45cm). ‘Kristina’, H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm), are borne singly in early summer. Has
Z4–8 H8–1. Has lance-shaped, mildew-resistant, deep- has large, semidouble, white flower heads lance-shaped, hairy, dark green leaves.
A. amellus (Italian aster). ‘King green leaves. In late summer, upright then with yellow centers. ‘Lassie’, H 4ft Z4–8 H8–1.
George’ illus. p.250. ‘Mauve Beauty’ is arching sprays of small, daisylike, clear (1.2m), S 30in (75cm), produces large, A. tradescantii. See A. pilosus var.
a bushy perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). In pastel-pink flower heads are borne in single, clear pink flowers. ‘Little Pink demotus.
fall bears clusters of large, terminal, profusion. Z4–8 H8–1. Beauty’, H 18in (45cm), S 20in (50cm), is A. turbinellus. Clump-forming
daisylike, violet flower heads with yellow A. laevis (Smooth aster). Variable, clump- a good dwarf semidouble, pink cultivar. perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has
centers. Leaves are lance-shaped, coarse forming perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 20in ‘Marie Ballard’ (illus. p.249), H to 3ft lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In late
and mid-green. Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Nocturne’, (50cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mildew- (1m), S to 18in (45cm), has double, mid- summer and fall, upright, wiry, purplish-
H 30in (75cm), has deep lilac flower heads resistant, mid-green leaves. In late summer, blue flowers. Is prone to mildew. green stems bear panicles of daisylike,
with yellow centers. Z5–8 H8–1. upright purplish stems bear abundant ‘Orlando’ (illus. p.249), H 3ft (1m), S to yellow-centered, pale violet flowers.
‘Rudolph Goethe’ with large, violet- sprays of daisylike, pale purple flowers. 18in (45cm), has large, single, bright pink Z4–8 H8–1.
blue flower heads, Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Sonia’ Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Bluebird’ has violet-blue flower heads with golden centers. Leaves
with pink flower heads and Z5–8 flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. are bright green. Mildew may be a ASTERANTHERA A
H8–1. ‘Veilchenkönigin’, syn. A. A. lateriflorus, syn. A. diffusus (Calico problem. ‘Patricia Ballard’, H 4ft
amellus ‘Violet Queen’ with deep violet aster). Branching perennial. H 24in (1.2m), S 30in (75cm), produces GESNERIACEAE
flower heads are other good cultivars. (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Bears sprays of semidouble, pink flowers. The large,
Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Violet Queen’. See A. tiny, mauve flower heads, with pinkish- single flowers of ‘Peace’ are mauve; Genus of one species of evergreen, root
amellus ‘Veilchenkönigin’. brown centers, in fall. Lance-shaped those of ‘Professor Anton climber. May be grown up mossy tree-
A. capensis. See Felicia amelloides. leaves are small and dark green. Z4–8 Kippenberg’ (illus. p.249), H 12in trunks, trained against walls or used as
A. ‘Coombe Fishacre’, illus. p.249. H8–1. var. horizontalis has flower (30cm), S to 18in (45cm), are clear blue groundcover. Needs a dampish, semi-
Clump-forming, upright perennial. H to heads that are sometimes tinged pink, with yellow centers; and those of shaded position and neutral to slightly
36in (90cm), S 14in (35cm). Has lance- with darker pink centers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Raspberry Ripple’ H 30in (75cm), acid soil. Propagate by tip cuttings in
shaped, mid-green leaves. In late summer, ‘Lady in Black’, H 4ft (1.2m), has bronze- S 24in (60cm), are smaller and reddish- summer or by stem cuttings in late
erect stems bear masses of daisylike, purple leaves and yellow-centered, white violet. ‘Royal Ruby’, H and S to 18in summer or early fall.
pinkish-mauve flower heads with yellow flower heads and retains its leaf coloring (45cm), bears semidouble, rich red flower A. ovata. Evergreen, root climber with
centers that age to red. Z4–8 H8–1. well during growing season. Z4–8 H8–1. heads with yellow centers. Is prone to stems covered in white hairs. H to 12ft (4m).
A. cordifolius ‘Silver Spray’, illus. ‘Prince’, H 20in (50cm), has bronze-purple mildew. ‘Royal Velvet’, H 4ft (1.2m), Has small, oblong, toothed leaves. Tubular,
p.249. Bushy perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft leaves, which fade to dark green, and S 30in (75cm), has single, deep reddish-pink flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) long,
(1m). Dense, arching stems bear sprays of small, pink-centered, white flower heads. violet flowers. ‘Sandford White Swan’, often with yellow-striped, lower lips, are
small, pink-tinged, white flower heads in Z4–8 H8–1. H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm), bears white borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils in
fall. Mid-green leaves are lance-shaped. A. linosyris, illus. p.254. flower heads. summer. Z8–9 H9–8.
Needs staking. Z5–8 H8–1. A. ‘Little Carlow’, illus. p.249. Clump- A. ‘Photograph’, illus. p.249. Clump-
A. diffusus. See A. lateriflorus. forming, upright perennial. H 48in forming, upright, compact perennial. ASTILBE 515
A. divaricatus (White wood aster), (120cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has heart-shaped,
illus. p.249. Spreading, upright perennial. mildew-resistant, deep-green leaves. In mid-green leaves. In fall, upright then SAXIFRAGACEAE
H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has pointed, fall, upright sprays bear masses of arching, branched sprays bear masses
oval, toothed, glossy, dark green leaves. daisylike, bright mauve-blue flower of daisylike, glowing violet-blue flower Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
In late summer, purplish-black, wiry, heads. Z4–9 H9–1. heads. Z4–8 H8–1. grown for their panicles of flowers that
branching, arching stems bear daisylike, A. novae-angliae (New England aster). A. pilosus var. demotus, syn. A. remain handsome even when dried
white flower heads. Is best in shade, Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Andenken an Alma tradescantii. Erect perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), brown in winter. Is suitable for borders
where it makes good groundcover. Pötschke’ Vigorous, upright perennial. S 20in (50cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green and rock gardens. Needs partial shade
Z4–8 H9–1. H 30in (75cm), S to 24in (60cm). In fall leaves. In fall, clusters of small, white for most species, and rich, moist soil.
A. ericoides (Heath aster). Clump- produces clusters of single, pink flower flower heads appear on wiry, leafy stems Leave undisturbed if possible, and
forming, bushy perennial. H 3ft (1m), heads on stiff stems. Has lance-shaped, and provide a good foil to bright, fall leaf give a spring mulch of well-rotted
S 12in (30cm). From late summer to late rough leaves. May need staking. colors. Z5–9 H9–1. compost. Propagate species by seed
fall produces daisylike, yellow-centered, ‘Autumn Snow’. See A. novae-angliae A. ‘Ringdove’. Clump-forming, upright, sown in fall; others by division in
white flower heads, sometimes shaded ‘Herbstschnee’. ‘Barr’s Pink’ bears compact perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). spring or fall.
pink or blue, in lax panicles. Has small, semidouble, bright rose-pink flower Has narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green A. ‘Amethyst’ (x arendsii hybrid), illus.
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and heads in summer–fall. ‘Harrington’s leaves. In fall, upright then arching, p.232. Clump-forming perennial. H and
slender, freely branched stems. Z5–8 Pink’, (illus. p.249), H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), branched sprays bear masses of small, S 3ft (1m). Tiny, star-shaped, vivid purple
H8–1. ‘Blue Star’, H 32in (80cm), has has single, clear pink flower heads with daisylike, yellow-centered, soft lilac flower flowers are borne in long, rather open,
soft mauve-blue ray florets. Z5–8 H8–1. yellow centers. ‘Herbstschnee’, syn. A. heads. Z4–8 H8–1. slightly arching panicles in mid-summer
‘Golden Spray’ (illus. p.249) produces novae-angliae ‘Autumn Snow’, H 21/2– A. sedifolius, syn. A. acris. Bushy above sharply divided, matt, dark green
pink-tinged, white flower heads, with 31/2ft (75cm–1.1m), are white with yellow perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces leaves. Is good towards the back of a
golden-yellow centers. Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Pink centers. ‘Rosa Sieger’ (illus. p.249), H 4ft clusters of almost star-shaped, lavender- border. Z4–8 H8–2.
Cloud’, H 32in (80cm), is vigorous, with (1.2m), has pink flower heads. ‘Violetta’ blue flower heads, with yellow centers, in A. ‘Beauty of Ernst’ (x arendsii hybrid).
Clump-forming perennial. H 10–12in
(25–30cm), S 18in (45cm). Compact, oval,

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A sharply divided, vivid green leaves Oval, densely packed panicles of tiny, A. ‘Rheinland’ (japonica hybrid). Clump- A. asterias, syn. Echinocactus asterias
become increasingly tinted wine-red star-shaped, pale purplish pink flowers forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 18in (Sea urchin, Silver dollar cactus). Slow-
516 and purple, then develop fiery fall are borne in mid-summer. Has oval, (45cm). Compact, conical, upright panicles growing, slightly domed, perennial
colors. Tiny, star-shaped, pale pink sharply divided, glossy, very dark of tiny, star-shaped, deep pink flowers are cactus. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 4in (10cm).
flowers, maturing to apricot, are borne green leaves. Z4–8 H8–2. produced in early and mid-summer above Spineless stem has about 8 low ribs
in open sprays in early summer. A. ‘Europa’ (japonica hybrid), illus. conspicuously divided, mid-green leaves. bearing small, tufted areoles. Produces
Z4–8 H8–1. p.232. Early-flowering, clump-forming Z4–8 H8–2. bright yellow flowers, to 21/2in (6cm)
A. ‘Brautschleier’ (x arendsii hybrid), perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). A. simplicifolia ‘Gnom’. See A. ‘Gnom’. across, in summer. Z13–15 H11–10.
syn. A. ‘Bridal Veil’. Clump-forming In early summer produces tiny, star- A. ‘Sprite’, illus. p.232. Clump-forming, A. myriostigma, syn. Echinocactus
perennial. H and S 30in (75cm). shaped, unusually broad-petaled, pale dwarf, leafy perennial. H 20in (50cm), myriostigma, illus. p.494.
Conical plumes of tiny, star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers in dense panicles. S to 3ft (1m). Has feathery, tapering A. ornatum, syn. Echinocactus ornatus,
white flowers open in mid-summer Has oval, sharply divided, glossy, mid- panicles of tiny, star-shaped, shell-pink illus. p.495.
from bright green buds then fade to green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers in summer, borne above broad
cream. Oval, sharply divided leaves are A. ‘Fanal’, illus. p.439. leaves divided into narrowly oval, Asystasia bella. See Mackaya bella.
glossy and bright green. Is less A. ‘Feuer’ (x arendsii hybrid), syn. toothed leaflets. Z4–8 H8–1.
vigorous than many taller cultivars. A. ‘Fire’, illus. p.232. Clump-forming A. ‘Straussenfeder’, syn. A. ‘Ostrich ATHEROSPERMA
Z3–8 H8–2. perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Conical Plume’, illus. p.232. Leafy perennial. H
A. ‘Bressingham Beauty’. Leafy, plumes of tiny, star-shaped, rich purplish- and S to 3ft (1m). Has divided leaves. ATHEROSPERMATACEAE/
clump-forming perennial. H and S to red flowers are borne in early summer Arching, feathery, tapering plumes of MONIMIACEAE
3ft (1m). In summer bears feathery, above oval, sharply divided, glossy, bright tiny, coral-pink flowers are produced in
tapering panicles of small, star-shaped, green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. summer; dry, brown flowers remain on Genus of evergreen trees, grown for
rich pink flowers on strong stems. Broad A. ‘Fire’. See A. ‘Feuer’. plant well into winter. Z3–8 H8–2. their foliage and flowers in summer.
leaves are divided into oblong to oval, A. glaberrima var. saxatilis. Mound- A. ‘Venus’, illus. p.234. Needs full light or partial shade and well-
toothed leaflets. Z3–8 H8–2. forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), A. ‘Willie Buchanan’ (simplicifolia drained soil. Water container specimens
A. ‘Bridal Veil’. See A. ‘Brautschleier’. S 6in (15cm). In summer produces tiny, hybrid). Clump-forming perennial. moderately, less in winter. Pruning is
A. ‘Bronce Elegans’ (simplicifolia star-shaped, white-tipped, mauve H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces tolerated if necessary. Propagate by
hybrid). Compact, clump-forming flowers in short spikes. Oval, sharply neat clumps of divided, red- or bronze- seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 10in (25cm). divided, glossy, deeply toothed, dark tinted, green leaves. Loose, conical sprays in summer.
Pyramidal, slightly drooping panicles of green leaves are tinted red underneath. of tiny, star-shaped, pale pink flowers, with A. moschatum (Australian sassafras,
tiny, star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers Thrives in consistently moist soil. white petals, are borne in mid- and late Tasmanian sassafras). Evergreen,
are borne in late summer on reddish Z3–8 H8–1. summer. Z4–8 H8–1. spreading tree, conical when young. H 50–
stems. Oval, sharply divided, dark green A. ‘Gnom’, syn. A. simplicifolia ‘Gnom’. 80ft (15–25m), S 15–30ft (5–10m). Has lance-
leaves slowly turn to reddish-purple. Arching, clump-forming, slender- ASTILBOIDES shaped, nutmeg-scented, glossy leaves,
Z4–8 H8–2. stemmed perennial. H 6in (15cm), slightly toothed and covered with white
A. ‘Bumalda’ (x arendsii hybrid). S 4in (10cm). Has oval, deeply lobed or SAXIFRAGACEAE down beneath. Produces small, saucer-
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 30in cut, crimped, reddish-green leaves in a shaped, creamy-white flowers in summer.
(75cm). Tiny, star-shaped, bright white basal rosette. Produces dense racemes Genus of one species of hardy perennial, Z9–11 H11–9.
flowers are borne in open panicles in of tiny, star-shaped, pink flowers in grown for its foliage, which turns reddish
mid-summer. Has more or less oval, summer. Is good for a shaded, moist rock in fall. Needs partial shade and moist but ATHROTAXIS
jaggedly toothed, red-tinted, bronze garden or peat bed. Self-seeds in damp well-drained soil. Propagate by division or
leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. places but will not come true. Z4–8 H8–2. seed in fall. Tasmanian cedar
A. chinensis var. pumila Clump- A. ‘Granat’, illus. p.232. Clump-forming, A. tabularis, syn. Rodgersia tabularis,
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), leafy perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S to 3ft (1m). illus. p.435. TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE
S 8in (20cm). Lower two-thirds of flower Produces pyramidal trusses of tiny, star-
stem bears deeply dissected, coarse, shaped, deep red flowers in summer above ASTRANTIA Genus of conifers with awl-shaped
toothed, hairy, dark green leaves. broad, bronze-flushed, rich green leaves, leaves that clasp stems. See also
Dense, fluffy spikes of tiny, star-shaped, which are divided into oblong to oval, Masterwort CONIFERS.
deep raspberry-red flowers appear in toothed leaflets. Z4–8 H8–2. A. selaginoides (King William pine).
summer. Is good for a shaded, moist A. ‘Irrlicht’, illus. p.232. Leafy UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE Irregularly conical conifer. H 50ft (15m)
rock garden. Z4–8 H8–2. var. taquetii perennial. H 11/2–2ft (45–60cm), S to 3ft or more, S 15ft (5m). Has tiny, thick-
‘Superba’, H and S 41/2ft (1.3m), is (1m). Bears tapering, feathery plumes of Genus of perennials, widely used in textured, loosely overlapping, dark
vigorous and has narrow, upright tiny, white flowers in summer. Foliage is flower arrangements. Requires sun or green leaves and insignificant, globular
spikes of vivid magenta-purple flowers. dark green and flowers remain on the semi-shade and well-drained soil. cones. Z8–9 H9–8.
‘Vision in Red’, H 28in (70cm), S 26in plant, dried and brown, well into winter. Propagate by division in spring or by
(65cm), has a vigorous, upright habit, very Z4–9 H8–2. seed when fresh, in late summer. ATHYRIUM
dark, slightly metallic green leaves and A. ‘Koln’ (japonica hybrid). Clump- A. major (Masterwort). Clump-forming
strong, dark purple stems and leaf stalks forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). ATHYRIACEAE/WOODSIACEAE
bearing purple flowers. (45cm). Panicles of tiny, star-shaped, Produces greenish-white, sometimes
A. x crispa ‘Perkeo’, syn. A. ‘Perkeo’, deep pink flowers are borne in mid- pink-tinged flower heads throughout Genus of deciduous or, occasionally,
illus. p.339. summer. Oval, sharply divided, dark summer–fall above a dense mass of semievergreen ferns. Needs shade
A. ‘Deutschland’ (japonica hybrid), illus. green leaves are tinted bronze or deep divided, mid-green leaves. Z4–7 H7–1. and rich, moist soil. Remove fading
p.232. Early-flowering, slow-spreading, red. Z4–8 H8–2. subsp. carinthiaca. See A. major fronds regularly. Propagate by spores
clump-forming, robust perennial. H 20in A. ‘Montgomery’, illus. p.232. Leafy subsp. involucrata ‘Hadspen Blood’ in late summer or by division in fall or
(50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, sharply perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S to 3ft (1m). has dark red bracts and flowers. winter.
divided, bright green leaves. Slightly Bears tapering, feathery plumes of tiny, subsp. involucrata, syn. A. major A. filix-femina (Lady fern). Deciduous
arching panicles of tiny, star-shaped, deep salmon-red flowers in summer. subsp. carinthiaca has pink-tinged fern. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 1–3ft (30cm–
white flowers are produced in late spring. Foliage is broad and divided into leaflets; flowerheads with long bracts through 1m). Dainty, lance-shaped, much-divided,
Z4–9 H8–2. flowers, brown when dried, remain on the summer. ‘Roma’, illus. p.278. ‘Ruby arching fronds are pale green. Has very
A. ‘Dusseldorf’ (japonica hybrid). plant well into winter. Z3–8 H8–2. Wedding’, illus. p.238. variable frond dissection. Z4–9 H9–1.
Tightly clump-forming perennial. A. ‘Ostrich Plume’. See A. A. maxima, illus. p.278. A. ‘Ghost’, illus. p.290.
H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces ‘Straussenfeder’. A. goeringianum. See A. niponicum.
neat, regular panicles of tiny, star-shaped, A. ‘Perkeo’. See A. x crispa ‘Perkeo’. ASTROPHYTUM A. niponicum, syn. A. goeringianum,
salmon-pink flowers in mid-summer A. ‘Professor van der Wielen’ A. nipponicum (Japanese painted fern).
above oval, sharply divided, slightly (thunbergii hybrid). Clump-forming CACTACEAE var. pictum ‘Burgundy Lace’
bronze- or deep-red tinted, dark green perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Arching illus. p.290.
leaves. Z4–8 H8–2. sprays of tiny, star-shaped, pure white Genus of slow-growing, perennial cacti, A. nipponicum. See A. niponicum.
A. ELIZABETH BLOOM (‘Eliblo’) (x arendsii flowers are borne in early summer above grown for their freely produced, flattish, A. otophorum. Semievergreen
hybrid). Vigorous, clump-forming oval, sharply divided, fresh green leaves. yellow flowers, some with red centers. fern. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). Z4–8 H8–2. Frost tender, min. 41°F (5°C). Prefers arching, broadly ovate, divided, mid-
sun and very well-drained, lime-rich green or purple-tinged fronds, 18–30in
soil. Allow to dry completely in winter. (45–75cm) long. Stalk and midrib are
Is prone to rot if wet. Propagate by seed deep wine-purple. Z5–8 H8–2.
sown in spring or summer.

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ATRIPLEX S 8ft (2.5m). Has sturdy, green shoots and reducing light in water beneath. Grows B
glossy, dark green leaves. Small, purplish in sun or shade. If not kept in check, may
CHENOPODIACEAE/AMARANTHACEAE flowers in mid-spring are followed on be invasive; reduce spread by removing BABIANA
female plants by rounded to egg-shaped, portions with a net. Propagate by
Genus of annuals, perennials and bright red berries. Z6–10 H11–6. redistributing clusters of plantlets Baboon flower
evergreen or semievergreen shrubs, ‘Crotonifolia’, H 6ft (2m), S 6ft (2m), has when they appear.
grown for their foliage. Grows well by leaves heavily mottled yellow. ‘Gold Dust’ A. caroliniana. See A. filiculoides. IRIDACEAE
the coast. Needs full sun and well-drained has gold-speckled, dark green leaves. A. filiculoides, syn. A. caroliniana
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in ‘Picturata’ the bright green leaves (male) (Fairy moss, Water fern). Deciduous, Genus of spring- and early summer-
summer or by seed in fall. each have a central, golden blotch. Some perennial, floating water fern. S flowering corms, grown for their brightly
A. halimus (Tree purslane). plants of ‘Crotonifolia’ and ‘Picturata’ are indefinite. Divided fronds vary from colored flowers, which are somewhat like
Semievergreen, bushy shrub. H 6ft (2m), known to be female and have produced red to purple in full sun and from pale freesias. Requires a position in sun and
S 10ft (3m). Oval leaves are silvery-gray. fruits. green to blue-green in shade. Z7–11 well-drained soil. Propagate in fall by seed
Produces flowers very rarely. Z7–9 H9–7. H11–1. or natural division of corms.
A. hortensis var. rubra (Red mountain AURINIA B. disticha. See B. fragrans.
spinach, Red orach). Fast-growing, AZORELLA B. fragrans, syn. B. disticha, B. plicata.
erect annual. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE Spring-flowering corm. H 4–8in (10–20cm),
Triangular, deep red leaves, to 6in (15cm) UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has a fan of lance-shaped,
long, are edible. Bears insignificant Genus of evergreen perennials, grown erect, basal leaves and short spikes of
flowers in summer. Z7–9 H9–7. for their gray-green foliage and showy Genus of evergreen, tufted or spreading funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers, 11/2–2in
flower sprays. Is suitable for rock gardens, perennials, grown for their flowers and (4–5cm) long, with yellow-patched petals.
AUBRIETA walls and banks. Needs sun and well- neat, rosetted foliage. Is useful as an Z13–15 H12–10.
drained soil. Propagate by softwood or alpine house plant. Thrives in full light B. plicata. See B. fragrans.
Aubretia greenwood cuttings in early summer or and well-drained soil. Propagate by B. rubrocyanea (Winecups), illus. p.418.
by seed in fall. division in spring. B. stricta. Spring-flowering corm.
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE A. saxatilis, syn. Alyssum saxatile, illus. A. nivalis. See A. trifurcata. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
p.335. ‘Citrina’ illus. p.335. ‘Dudley A. trifurcata, syn. A. nivalis, illus. p.376. Produces a fan of narrowly lance-shaped,
Genus of evergreen, trailing and mound- Nevill’ is an evergreen, clump-forming erect, basal leaves and short spikes of up
forming perennials. Is useful on dry perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm). AZORINA to 10 funnel-shaped, purple, blue, cream
banks, walls and in rock gardens. Has oval, hairy, gray-green leaves and, in or pale yellow flowers, 1–11/2in (2.5–4cm)
Thrives in a sunny position and in any late spring and early summer, produces CAMPANULACEAE long and sometimes red-centered. Z13–15
well-drained soil. To maintain a compact racemes of many small, 4-petaled, buff- H11–10.
shape, cut back hard after flowering. yellow flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Variegata’ Genus of one species of erect, evergreen
Propagate by greenwood cuttings in illus. p.335. shrub with bell-shaped flowers. Needs BACCHARIS B
summer or by semiripe cuttings in late full light and fertile, moist but well-
summer or fall. AUSTROCEDRUS drained soil. Propagate by seed in COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
A. ‘Carnival’. See A. ‘Hartswood Purple’. spring or by softwood or semiripe
A. ‘Cobalt Violet’. Evergreen, CUPRESSACEAE cuttings in summer. Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly
mound-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), A. vidalii, syn. Campanula vidalii, fall-flowering shrubs, grown for their
S 8in (20cm). Has small, soft green leaves. Genus of conifers with flattish sprays of illus. p.453. foliage and fruits. Is useful for exposed,
Single, blue-violet flowers are borne scalelike leaves. See also CONIFERS. coastal gardens and dry soil. Requires a
in short, terminal spikes in spring. A. chilensis, syn. Libocedrus chilensis, Azureocereus. See Browningia. position in full sun and well-drained soil.
Z5–7 H7–5. illus. p.100. Azureocereus hertlingianus. See Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer.
A. deltoidea ‘Argenteovariegata’, Browningia hertlingiana. B. halimifolia (Bush groundsel).
illus. p.354. Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica. Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub.
A. ‘Doctor Mules’. Vigorous, evergreen, See Opuntia cylindrica. H and S 12ft (4m). Has oval, sharply
mound-forming perennial. H 2–3in (5–8cm), Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii. toothed, gray-green leaves. Large clusters
S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, toothed, soft See Opuntia verschaffeltii. of tiny, white flower heads in mid-fall are
green leaves and, in spring, large, single, Avena candida. See Helictotrichon followed by fluffy, white heads of tiny
rich purple flowers on short spikes. sempervirens. fruits. Z3–7 H7–1.
Z5–7 H7–5. Avena sempervirens. See Helictotrichon
A. ‘Greencourt Purple’, illus. p.354. sempervirens. Bahia lanata. See Eriophyllum lanatum.
A. ‘Gurgedyke’. Evergreen, mound-
forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in AZARA BALDELLIA
(20cm). Bears rounded, toothed, soft green
leaves. Produces 4-petaled, deep purple FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE ALISMATACEAE
flowers in spring. Z5–7 H7–5.
A. ‘Hartswood Purple’, syn. A. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
‘Carnival’. Vigorous, evergreen, grown for their foliage and for their yellow perennial, bog plants and submerged
mound-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), flowers, which are composed of a mass of water plants, grown for their foliage.
S 12in (30cm). Has small, soft green stamens. Where marginally hardy, plants Prefers a position in sun, but tolerates
leaves and many short spikes of large, are best grown against a south- or west- shade. Remove fading foliage and excess
single, violet-purple flowers borne in facing wall for added protection. Grows growth as required. Propagate by division
spring. Z5–7 H7–5. in sun or shade and in fertile, well-drained in spring or summer.
A. ‘J.S. Baker’, illus. p.354. soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in B. ranunculoides, syn. Alisma
A. ‘Joy’, illus. p.353. summer. ranunculoides, Echinodorus ranunculoides.
A. ‘Purple Charm’, illus. p.355. A. lanceolata. Evergreen, bushy shrub Deciduous, perennial, bog plant or
or spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has submerged water plant. H 9in (23cm),
AUCUBA narrowly oval, sharply toothed, bright S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
green leaves. Has small, rounded clusters leaves and, in summer, umbels of small,
CORNACEAE/GARRYACEAE of pale yellow flowers in late spring or 3–parted, pink or white flowers with basal,
early summer. Z8–10 H11–10. yellow marks. Z5–8 H8–5.
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for A. microphylla, illus. p.118. ‘Variegata’
their foliage and fruits. To obtain fruits, illus. p.119. BALLOTA 517
grow both male and female plants. Makes A. serrata, illus. p.195.
good houseplants when kept in a cool, LABIATEA/LAMIACEAE
shaded position. Tolerates full sun AZOLLA
through to dense shade. Grow in any but Genus of perennials and evergreen or
waterlogged soil. To restrict growth, cut AZOLLACEAE deciduous subshrubs, grown for their
old shoots back hard in spring. Propagate foliage and flowers. Requires very well-
by semiripe cuttings taken in summer. Genus of deciduous, perennial, floating drained soil and full sun. Cut back in
A. japonica (Japanese aucuba). water ferns, grown for their foliage spring before growth starts. Propagate
Evergreen, dense, bushy shrub. H and and also to control algal growth by

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by semiripe cuttings in summer. but not very dry soil. Propagate by seed BAUERA BEGONIA
B. acetabulosa, illus. p.165. or division in spring. May be invasive in
B. pseudodictamnus (False dittany), parts of North America. CUNONIACEAE BEGONIACEAE
illus. p.347. B. vulgaris (Winter Cress, Yellow rocket).
Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Variegata’ is a rosette- Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown mainly Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
BAMBUSA forming perennial. H 10–18in (25–45cm), for their flowers. Needs full sun and rich, and small, treelike plants, perennials and
S to 9in (23cm). Has long, toothed, glossy well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water annuals, grown for their colorful flowers
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE leaves, blotched with cream. Produces container plants moderately, less when and/or ornamental leaves. Prefers slightly
heads of small, silvery-yellow flowers in not in full growth. Remove straggly stems acidic soil. Is susceptible to powdery
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES early summer. Z4–9 H9–1. after flowering. Propagate by seed in mildew and botrytis from late spring to
and SEDGES. spring or by semiripe cuttings in late early fall. Commonly cultivated begonias
B. glaucescens. See B. multiplex. BARLERIA summer. are divided into the following groupings,
B. multiplex, syn. B. glaucescens (Hedge B. rubioides. Evergreen, bushy, wiry- each with varying cultivation requirements.
bamboo). Evergreen, clump-forming ACANTHACEAE stemmed shrub, usually of spreading habit. See also feature panel p.317.
bamboo. H to 50ft (15m), S indefinite. Has H and S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Leaves each have
narrow leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Is Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials, 3 oval to lance-shaped, glossy leaflets. Cane-stemmed begonias
useful for a hedge or windbreak. Z8–11 grown for their flowers. Needs full light Bowl-shaped, pink or white flowers are Evergreen, woody perennials, many known
H11–1. or partial shade and fertile soil. Water borne in early spring and summer. Z13–15 as “Angelwings,” with usually erect, cane-
container plants well when in full growth, H11–1. like stems bearing regularly spaced,
BANKSIA moderately at other times. In the growing swollen nodes and flowers in large,
season, prune tips of young plants to BAUHINIA pendulous panicles. Encourage branching
PROTEACEAE encourage branching. For a more compact by pinching out growing tips. New growth
habit, shorten long stems after flowering. Orchid tree develops from base of plant. Grow under
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, May be propagated by seed in spring or by glass in good light but not direct sun (poor
grown for their flowers and foliage. greenwood or semiripe cuttings in summer. LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE light reduces quantity of flowers) and in
Requires full light and sharply drained, B. cristata (Philippine violet). Evergreen, free-draining, soil-based potting mix. Stake
sandy soil that contains little phosphate semierect shrub. H and S 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m). Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or tall plants. Propagate in spring by seed or
or nitrate. Water container plants Has elliptic, coarsely haired leaves. Tubular, deciduous trees, shrubs and scandent tip cuttings.
moderately when in full growth, light violet flowers, sometimes pale pink or climbers, grown for their flowers. Requires
sparingly at other times. Freely ventilate white, are produced from upper leaf axils full light and fertile, well-drained soil. Rex-cultorum begonias
plants grown under glass. Propagate in summer. Z10–11 H11–10. Water container specimens freely when Mostly evergreen, rhizomatous perennials
by seed in spring. B. obtusa. Evergreen, erect, spreading in full growth, less in winter. Thin out of variable habit derived from crosses of
B. baxteri. Evergreen, spreading, open shrub. H and S to 3ft (1m). Leaves are congested growth after flowering. B. rex and related species. They are grown
shrub. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Leathery, elliptic. Tubular, mauve flowers are Propagate by seed in spring. for their brilliantly colored, oval to lance-
mid-green leaves are strap-shaped, cut produced from upper leaf axils in winter– B. galpinii, syn. B. punctata (Red shaped leaves, 3–12in (8–30cm) long, that
from the midrib into triangular, sharply spring. Z9–12 H12–9. bauhinia). Semievergreen or evergreen, are sometimes spirally twisted. Prefer
pointed lobes. Produces dense, spherical spreading shrub, occasionally semi- 40–75% relative humidity. Grow under
heads of small, tubular, yellow flowers in Barosma pulchella. See Agathosma climbing. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2m). Has glass in cool climates, in partial shade
summer. Z10–11 H11–10. pulchella. 2-lobed leaves and, in summer, fragrant, and well-drained soil; water only sparingly.
B. coccinea, illus. p.456. bright brick-red flowers. Z13–15 H11–10. Do not allow water to remain on the leaves,
B. ericifolia (Heath banksia). Evergreen, BARTLETTINA B. punctata. See B. galpinii. otherwise they become susceptible to
B. variegata, illus. p.450. ‘Candida’ botrytis. Propagate in spring by seed,
B irregularly rounded, wiry, freely branching COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE is a deciduous tree, rounded when leaf cuttings or division of rhizomes.
shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Has small, young, spreading with age. H 8ft (2m),
needlelike leaves and dense, upright, Genus of perennials, subshrubs and S 10ft (3m). Has broadly oval, deeply Rhizomatous begonias
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4–6in (10–15cm) shrubs, many of which are evergreen, notched leaves and fragrant, pure Variable, mostly evergreen, rhizomatous
long, of small, tubular, bronze-red or grown mainly for their flowers, some also white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in perennials, grown for their foliage and
yellow flowers in late winter and spring. for their architectural foliage. Requires winter–spring or sometimes later. small, single flowers. Smooth, crested or
Z10–11 H11–10. full light or partial shade. Will grow in Z13–15 H11–10. puckered, green or brown leaves, 3–12in
B. serrata. Evergreen, bushy, upright any conditions, although most species (8–30cm) long, often marked silver, are
shrub or tree. H 10–30ft (3–10m), S 5–10ft prefer moist but well-drained soil. Water x Beallara Eurostar gx. See x Aliceara sometimes spirally twisted. Creeping
(1.5–3m). Oblong to lance-shaped, saw- container plants freely when in full Eurostar gx. cultivars are more freely branched than
toothed, leathery leaves are mid- to deep growth, moderately at other times. Prune erect ones and are useful for hanging
green. Small, tubular, reddish-budded, shrubs lightly after flowering or in spring. BEAUCARNEA baskets. Prefer 40–75% relative humidity.
cream flowers are borne in dense, upright, Propagate by seed in spring; shrubs and Grow under glass in cool climates, in
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4–6in (10–15cm) subshrubs may also be propagated by AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE partial shade and well-drained soil; water
long, from spring to late summer. Z10–11 softwood or greenwood cuttings in only sparingly. Do not allow water to
H11–10. summer, perennials by division in early Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, remain on the leaves, otherwise they
spring or fall. Red spider mite and whitefly grown mainly for their intriguing overall become susceptible to botrytis. Propagate
BAPTISIA may be troublesome. appearance. Needs full light and sharply in spring by seed, leaf cuttings or division
B. sordida, syn. Eupatorium ianthinum, drained, fertile soil; drought conditions are of rhizomes.
False indigo Eupatorium sordidum. Evergreen, rounded, tolerated. Water container specimens
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE robust stemmed shrub. H and S 3–6ft moderately; allow potting mix almost to Semperflorens begonias
(1–2m). Oval, serrated, deep green leaves dry out between waterings. Propagate by Evergreen, bushy perennials, derived from
Genus of summer-flowering perennials, are red haired. Produces fragrant, seed or suckers in spring or by stem-tip B. cucullata var. hookeri, B. schmidtiana and
grown for their flowers. Requires full sun pomponlike, violet-purple flower heads in cuttings in summer. other species, often grown as half-hardy
and deep, well-drained, preferably neutral flattened clusters, 4in (10cm) wide, mainly B. recurvata, syn. Nolina recurvata, bedding annuals. Stems are soft, succulent
to acidic soil. Is best not disturbed once in winter. Z13–15 H12–1. Nolina tuberculata, illus. p.451. and branch freely, bearing generally
planted. Propagate by division in early rounded, green, bronze or variegated
spring or by seed in fall. Bartonia aurea. See Mentzelia lindleyi. BEAUMONTIA leaves, 2in (5cm) long. Flowers are single
B. australis, illus. p.240. or double. Pinch out growing tips to
BASSIA APOCYNACEAE produce bushy plants. Needs sun or partial
Barbacenia elegans. See Vellozia shade and well-drained soil. Propagate in
elegans. SYN. KOCHIA Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, spring by seed or stem cuttings.
CHENOPODIACEAE twining climbers, grown for their large,
518 BARBAREA fragrant flowers and handsome leaves. Shrublike begonias
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown Requires fertile, well-drained soil and full Evergreen, multistemmed, bushy
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE for their habit, the feathery effect of their light. Water freely in growing season, perennials, usually freely branched with
leaves and their fall tints. Does best in sun sparingly at other times. Provide support. flexible, erect or pendent stems, often hairy.
Genus of summer-flowering perennials, and in fertile, well-drained soil. May require Thin out previous season’s growth after Leaves may be hairy or glabrous and up to
biennials and annuals. Most species are support in very windy areas. Propagate flowering. Propagate by semiripe cuttings 6in (15cm) across, 4–12in (10–30cm) long.
weeds or winter salad plants, but the by seed sown under glass in early to mid- in late summer. Single flowers are pink, cream or white.
variegated form of B. vulgaris is grown spring, or outdoors in late spring. B. grandiflora, illus. p.459. Prefer 55% relative humidity. Grow under
for decorative purposes. Grows in a sunny B. scoparia f. trichophylla, illus. p.316.
or shady position and in any well-drained

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glass in good light and moist but well- creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8–12in stems bear oval, slightly waxy, mid-green bronzed, mid-green leaves. Produces B
drained soil. Propagate in spring by seed (20–30cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Oval leaves leaves, 2–3in (5–7.5cm). Produces clusters clusters of single, pink and white flowers
or stem cuttings. are deeply cleft, 3–6in (8–15cm) long and of single, scarlet flowers from late summer in summer–fall. H11–1. 519
dark green with paler veins. Produces to fall. H11–1. B. Illumination Series. Double and
Tuberous begonias (including the single, pink flowers, above foliage, in B. dregei (Mapleleaf begonia), illus. p.317. semidouble Pendula begonia. H 24in
Tuberhybrida, Multiflora and Pendula winter and early spring. Z13–15 H11–1. Semi-tuberous begonia. H 30in (75cm), (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed,
begonias) B. ‘Bethlehem Star’. Evergreen, S 14in (35cm). Has small, maple-like, lobed, brightly veined, mid- to dark green leaves.
Mostly upright, bushy, tuberous, winter- creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8–12in purple-veined, bronze leaves, red beneath Bears prolific, double flowers, 3in (7.5cm)
dormant perennials grown for their foliage (20–30cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Oval, and at times silver-speckled when young. across, in red, pink, orange and yellow
and flowers. Tuberhybrida begonias, H and slightly indented, almost black leaves, less Profuse, pendent, single, white flowers are shades and white including bicolors.
S 30in (75cm), vary from pendent to erect, than 3in (8cm) long, each have a central, borne in summer. Needs winter rest. Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Illumination Salmon
with sparsely branched, succulent stems creamy-green star. Bears masses of single, H11–1. Pink’ (illus. p.317) is pale salmon-pink.
and oval, pointed, glossy, bright to dark pale pink flowers, with darker pink spots, B. ‘Duartei’. Rex-cultorum begonia. H11–1.
green leaves, 8in (20cm) long. Most are from late winter to early spring. Z13–15 H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). Has spirally B. imperialis. Rhizomatous begonia.
summer flowering and mainly double- H11–1. twisted, red-haired, very dark green leaves, H 5in (13cm), S 9in (23cm). Ovate, toothed,
flowered. Multiflora cultivars, H and S 12in B. ‘Billie Langdon’. Upright more than 6in (15cm) long, with silver-gray light green leaves, 4in (10cm) long, have
(30cm), are more bushy and have 3in (8cm) Tuberhybrida begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in streaks and almost black edges. Is difficult puckered edges and silver-green splashes
long leaves and single, semidouble or (45cm). In summer has masses of heavily to grow to maturity. Z13–15 H11–1. on the main veins. Has sprays of sparse
double flowers, each 11/2–2in (4–5cm) veined, double, white flowers, 7in (18cm) B. x erythrophylla. See B. white flowers, to 1/2in (1.5cm) wide, in
across, in summer; tolerates full sun. across, each with a perfect rose-bud center. ‘Erythrophylla’. winter. Z13–15 H11–1.
Pendula cultivars, H to 3ft (1m), have long, Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Erythrophylla’, syn. B. x B. ‘Ingramii’, illus. p.317. Evergreen,
thin, trailing stems; leaves are 21/2–3in B. ‘Bokit’. Evergreen, erect, rhizomatous erythrophylla, B. ‘Feastii’. Evergreen, shrublike begonia. H 28in (70cm), S 18in
(6–8cm) long. Masses of single or double begonia. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 10–14in creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8in (45cm). Produces elliptic, toothed, bright
flowers are borne in summer. Outdoors, (25–35cm). Has oval, spirally twisted, (20cm), S 9–12in (23–30cm). Thick, mid- green leaves, 3in (8cm) long, and,
grow in dappled shade and moist yellow-green leaves with brown tiger green leaves, 3–6in (8–15cm) long, are intermittently from spring to fall, masses of
conditions; under glass, plant in cool shade stripes. Bears masses of single, white almost rounded, with leaf stalks attached single, pink flowers on spreading branches.
with 65–70% relative humidity. Tubers are flowers, flecked with pink, in winter. to center of red undersides; slightly wavy H11–1.
dormant in winter. Start into growth in Z13–15 H11–1. margins have white hairs. Produces single, B. ‘Iron Cross’. See B. masoniana.
spring for mid-summer to early fall B. boliviensis ‘Bonfire’, illus. p.317. light pink flowers well above foliage, in B. ‘Krefeld’. Evergreen, winter-flowering,
flowering. Remove all flower buds until Semi-trailing begonia.H 30in (75cm), early spring. Z13–15 H11–1. Rieger begonia. H 10in (25cm), S 12in
stems show at least 3 pairs of leaves; with S 36in (100cm). Succulent stems bear lance- B. ‘Feastii’. See B. ‘Erythrophylla’. (30cm). Is semi-tuberous with succulent
large-flowered types allow only central shaped, slightly hairy leaves, 5in (12cm) B. ‘Flamboyant’. Upright Tuberhybrida stems, oval, mid-green leaves and masses
male bud to flower, so remove flanking long, with narrow, toothed, red edges. begonia. H 7in (17cm), S 6in (15cm). Leaves of single, vivid orange or bright crimson
buds. Plants may require staking. Produces abundant, pendulous, single, are slender and bright green. Has single, flowers. Is very susceptible to botrytis and
Propagate in spring by seed, stem or orange-red flowers from late spring to fall. scarlet flowers in profusion in summer. mildew at base of stems, so water by pot
basal cuttings or division of tubers. H11–1. Z13–15 H11–1. immersion. Z13–15 H11–1.
B. bowerae (Eyelash begonia), illus. p.317. B. foliosa. Evergreen, shrublike begonia. B. ‘Lucerna’, syn. B. ‘Corallina de
Winter-flowering begonias Evergreen, creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Lucerna’. Vigorous, evergreen, cane-
Evergreen, low-growing, very compact H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears erect, then arching stems and oval, stemmed begonia. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m),
perennials, with succulent, thin stems, Has oval, bright green leaves, 1in (2.5cm) toothed, dark green leaves, 1/2in (1cm) long. S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Has oval, silver-
that are often included in the tuberous long, with chocolate marks and bristles Has very small, single, white flowers in spotted, bronze-green leaves, 10–14in
group. Two main groups are recognized: around edges. Bears single, pink-tinted, spring and fall. Is susceptible to whitefly. (25–35cm) long, with tapered tips and, year-
the single-flowered, usually pink or white, white flowers freely in winter. H11–1. Z13–15 H11–1. var. miniata, syn. B. round, large panicles of single, deep pink
Lorraine, Cheimantha or Christmas B. ‘Can-can’. See B. ‘Herzog von Sagan’. fuchsiioides (Fuchsia begonia), H to 4ft flowers; male flowers remain almost closed.
begonias; and the single, semidouble B. ‘City of Ballarat’. Vigorous, upright (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm), has leaves 11/2in (4cm) Z13–15 H11–1.
or double, Elatior and Rieger begonias, Tuberhybrida begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in long and pendent, single, bright red B. ‘Mac’s Gold’. Evergreen, creeping,
which occur in a wide range of colors. (45cm). Leaves are rich dark green. flowers borne in winter. Z13–15 H11–1. rhizomatous begonia. H and S 8–10in
Leaves are green or bronze, 2in (5cm) long. Produces double, glowing orange flowers, B. fuchsiioides. See B. foliosa var. (20–25cm). Star-shaped, lobed, yellow
Flowers are borne mainly from late fall to 7in (18cm) across, with broad petals and miniata. leaves, 3–6in (8–15cm) long, have
mid-spring. Prefer 40% relative humidity. formal centers, in summer. Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Gloire de Lorraine’ (Christmas chocolate-brown marks. Has single, pink
Prefers indirect sun and moist soil. B. coccinea (Angelwing begonia). begonia, Lorraine begonia). Evergreen, flowers intermittently in spring–summer
Cut back old stems to 4in (10cm) after Evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H 4ft winter-flowering, Cheimantha begonia. but in moderate quantity. Z13–15 H11–1.
flowering. Propagate in spring by seed (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). Produces narrowly H 12in (30cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Is well- B. ‘Madame Richard Galle’. Upright
or stem cuttings. oval, glossy, green leaves, buff-colored branched with rounded, bright green Tuberhybrida begonia. H 10in (25cm), S 8in
beneath, and, in spring, many single, pink leaves and single, white to pale pink (20cm). Has masses of small, double, soft
B. albopicta, illus. p.317. Fast-growing, or coral-red flowers. Z13–15 H11–1. flowers. Male flowers are sterile, female apricot flowers in summer. Z13–15 H11–1.
evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H to 3ft B. ‘Cocktail Series’. Semperflorens ones highly infertile. Z13–15 H11–1. B. manicata. Evergreen, erect,
(1m), S 1ft (30cm). Freely branched, green begonia. H and S 8–12in (20–30cm). B. gracilis var. martiana, syn. B. rhizomatous begonia. H 24in (60cm),
stems turn brown-green when mature. Produces rounded, wavy, green-bronze martiana. Tuberous begonia. H 24–30in S 12–16in (30–40cm). Bears large, oval,
Narrowly oval to lance-shaped, wavy- leaves and pink, red or white flowers from (60–75cm), S 16in (40cm). Has small, oval brown-mottled, green leaves and, below
edged, green leaves are silver-spotted. Has summer until fall frosts. Z13–15 H11–1. to lance-shaped, lobed, pale green or each leaf base, a collar of stiff, red hairs
clusters of single, green-white flowers in B. compta. See B. angularis. brown-green leaves with tapering tips and around leaf stalk. Produces single, pale
summer–fall. H11–1. B. ‘Corallina de Lucerna’. See B. large, fragrant, single, pink flowers, 1in pink flowers in very early spring.
B. angularis, syn. B. compta, B. ‘Lucerna’. (2.5cm) across, in summer. Z13–15 H11–1. Propagate by plantlets during growing
stipulacea, B. zebrina. Evergreen, cane- B. ‘Curly Merry Christmas’. Rex- B. grandis subsp. evansiana, illus. season. Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Crispa’, syn. B.
stemmed begonia. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), cultorum begonia. H 10in (25cm), S 12in p.278. manicata ‘Cristata’ has deeper pink flowers
S 1ft (30cm). Bears well-branched, angular (30cm). Is a sport of B. ‘Merry Christmas’ B. haageana. See B. scharffii. and light green leaves with crested
stems and oval, wavy-edged, gray-green with spirally twisted leaves. Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Helen Lewis’. Rex-cultorum margins. ‘Cristata’. See B. manicata
leaves, 8in (20cm) long, with silver-gray B. dichroa. Evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). ‘Crispa’.
veins, pale green beneath. Single, white begonia. H 14in (35cm), S 10in (25cm). Oval, Has an erect rhizome and silky, deep B. martiana. See B. gracilis var. martiana.
flowers are produced in winter–spring. mid-green leaves are 5in (12cm) long; royal purple leaves, 6–8in (15–20cm) B. masoniana, syn. B. ‘Iron Cross’ (Iron
Z13–15 H11–1. occasionally new leaves bear silver spots. long, with silver bands. Slightly hairy, cross begonia), illus. p.317. Evergreen,
B. ‘Apricot Cascade’. Pendent Produces small, single, orange flowers, single, cream flowers are produced in creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 18–24in
Tuberhybrida begonia. H and S 2ft (60cm). each with a white ovary, in summer. early summer. Z13–15 H11–1. (45–60cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears oval,
Has emerald-green leaves and, from early Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Herzog von Sagan’, syn. B. ‘Can- toothed, rough, bright green leaves, 6in
summer to mid-fall, double, orange-apricot B. DRAGON WING RED (‘Bepared’) can’, illus. p.322. (15cm) long, with tapering tips and cross-
flowers. Other cascades are ‘Bridal (Dragon Wing Series), illus. p.317. B. ‘Ikon White Blush’, illus. p.317. shaped, black or dark brown centers. Has
Cascade’ (pink-edged, white petals), Vigorous, Semperflorens begonia. H and Semperflorens begonia. H and S to 6in single, pink-flushed, white flowers in
‘Crimson Cascade’, ‘Gold Cascade’, S 18in (45cm). Semi-trailing, succulent (15cm). Has broadly oval, pointed, slightly summer. H11–1.
‘Orange Cascade’. Z13–15 H11–1.
B. ‘Beatrice Haddrell’. Evergreen,

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B B. mazae. Evergreen, trailing, B. pustulata. Evergreen, creeping, B. ‘Tiger Paws’, illus. p.317. Evergreen, out in summer. Propagate by seed,
rhizomatous begonia. H to 9in (23cm), rhizomatous begonia. H 6–8in (15–20cm), creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 6in preferably in fall.
520 S indefinite. Bears rounded, red-veined, S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears oval, fine-haired, (15cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Small, B. hyacinthoides, syn. Strangweja
bronze-green leaves and, in early spring, dark green leaves, with small blisters or rounded, bright green leaves, with yellow spicata, illus. p.419.
fragrant, single, red-spotted, pink flowers. pustules, and single, rose-pink flowers in and brown splashes, have bristly, white B. paradoxa. See B. pycnantha.
Is good for a hanging basket. Z13–15 H11–1. summer. Prefers 70–75% relative humidity. hairs on margins. Many clusters of small, B. pycnantha, syn. B. paradoxa, Muscari
B. ‘Merry Christmas’, syn. B. ‘Ruhrtal’, Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Argentea’, syn. B. ‘Silver’ white flowers are borne well above foliage pycnantha. Spring-flowering bulb. H to
illus. p.317. Rex-cultorum begonia. H and has silver-splashed leaves and creamy- in spring. H11–1. 16in (40cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has strap-
S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has satiny, red leaves, white flowers. B. x tuberhybrida Mocha Series. shaped, semierect, basal, grayish-green
6–8in (15–20cm) long, each with an outer, B. ‘Red Ascot’. Semperflorens begonia. Bushy, dark-leaved, Tuberhybrida begonia. leaves. Tubular, deep dusky-blue flowers,
broad band of emerald-green and a deep H and S 6in (15cm). Has rounded, emerald- H and S 12in (30cm). Has green-veined, 1/4in (0.5cm) long and with yellow tips, are
velvet-red center, sometimes edged with green leaves and masses of crimson-red chocolate-brown leaves and, held tightly produced in a dense, conical spike. Z7–9
gray. H11–1. flowers in summer. Z13–15 H11–1. above the foliage, double flowers, 3–4in H9–7.
B. metallica (Metal-leaf begonia). B. rex. Rhizomatous begonia, the parent (7.5–10cm) across, in about 6 varied, B. romana, illus. p.399.
Evergreen, shrublike begonia. H 20in–4ft of the Rex-cultorum begonias. H 10in individual colors. Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Mocha
(50cm–1.2m), S 18in (45cm). Bears white- (25cm), S 12in (30cm). Has heart-shaped, Scarlet’ (illus. p.317) is deep red with very BELLIS
haired stems and oval, toothed, silver- deep green leaves, 8–10in (20–25cm) long, dark leaves. H11–1.
haired, bronze-green leaves, 7in (18cm) with a metallic sheen, zoned silvery-white B. x tuberhybrida Non Stop Series. Daisy
long, with dark green veins, red beneath. above. Produces pink flowers in winter. Bushy Tuberhybrida begonia. H and S 12in
Has single, pink flowers, with red bristles, Z13–15 H11–1. (30cm). Has double flowers, 3–4in (7.5– COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
in summer–fall. Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Roy Hartley’. Upright Tuberhybrida 10cm) across, in about 12 varied individual
B. ‘Oliver Twist’. Evergreen, creeping, begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). In colors and mixtures held close to heart- Genus of perennials, some grown as
rhizomatous begonia. H 18–24in (45–60cm), summer bears double, salmon-colored shaped, mid-green leaves. Z13–15 H11–1. biennials for spring bedding. Grow in
S 10–18in (25–45cm). Oval, pale to mid- flowers, with soft pink tinge. Color depth ‘Non Stop White’ (illus. p.317) has sun or semi-shade and in fertile, very
green leaves, to 12in (30cm) long, have depends on light intensity. Has few side creamy-centered, white flowers opening well-drained soil. Deadhead regularly.
heavily crested edges. Bears single, pink shoots. Z12–15 H11–1. from pink buds. H11–1. Propagate by seed in early summer or
flowers in early spring. Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Ruhrtal’. See B. ‘Merry Christmas’. B. versicolor. Evergreen, creeping, by division after flowering.
B. olsoniae. Evergreen, compact, shrub- B. scharffii, syn. B. haageana, illus. rhizomatous begonia. H 6in (15cm), B. perennis (Common daisy).
like begonia. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 12in p.317. Evergreen, shrublike begonia. S 6–12in (15–30cm). Produces broadly oval Stoloniferous, carpeting perennial.
(30cm). Rounded, satiny, bronze-green H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Stems or oblong, velvety leaves, 3in (8cm) long, in Cultivars are grown as biennials. H and
leaves have cream veins. Bears single, very are often covered with white hairs. Has shades of mahogany, apple-green and S 6–8in (15–20cm). All have inversely lance-
pale pink flowers, year-round, on arching oval, fine-haired, dark metallic-green maroon, and, in spring–summer, single, shaped to spoon-shaped, mid-green leaves
stems, 12in (30cm) long. Z13–15 H11–1. leaves, 11in (28cm) long, with tapered tips salmon-pink flowers. Provide 65–70% and semidouble to fully double flower
B. ‘Orange Rubra’, illus. p.317. Slow- and reddish-green undersides. Produces relative humidity. Z13–15 H11–1. heads in spring. Large-flowered
growing, evergreen, cane-stemmed single, pinkish-white flowers, each with a B. x weltoniensis. See B. ‘Weltoniensis’. (flower heads to 3in (8cm) wide) and
begonia. H 20in (50cm), S 18in (45cm). Oval pink beard, from fall to summer. H11–1. B. ‘Weltoniensis’, syn. B. x weltoniensis miniature-flowered (flower heads to
leaves are light green. Produces abundant B. ‘Scherzo’. Evergreen, creeping, (Mapleleaf begonia). Semi-tuberous 1in (21/2cm) wide) cultivars are available.
clusters of single, orange flowers year- rhizomatous begonia. H 10–12in (25–30cm), begonia with a shrublike habit. H 12–20in Habanera Series cultivars bear long-
round. H11–1. S 12–14in (30–35cm). Oval leaves are small, (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, oval, petaled, pink, white or red flower heads,
B. ‘Organdy’. Weather-resistant highly serrated and yellow with black long-pointed, toothed, dark green leaves. to 21/2in (6cm) across, in early summer.
Semperflorens begonia. H and S 6in (15cm). marks. Bears single, white flowers in early Heads of 5–8 single, pink or white flowers Pomponette Series cultivars bear
Has rounded, waxy, green-bronze leaves spring. Z13–15 H11–1. are produced from leaf axils in summer. double, pink, white or red flower heads,
and pink, red or white flowers throughout B. serratipetala, illus. p.317. Z13–15 H11–1. to 11_2in (4cm) across, with quilled petals.
summer until fall frosts. Z13–15 H11–1. Evergreen, trailing, shrublike begonia. B. xanthina. Evergreen, bushy, creeping, Roggli Series cultivars flower early and
B. ‘Orpha C. Fox’, illus. p.317. H and S 18in (45cm). Obliquely oval rhizomatous begonia. H 10–12in (25–30cm), prolifically, with semidouble, red, rose-
Evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H 3ft leaves are highly serrated and bronze- S 12–14in (30–35cm). Bears oval, dark green pink, salmon-pink or white flower heads,
(1m), S 1ft (30cm). Oval, silver-spotted, olive- green, with raised, deep pink spots. leaves, 6–9in (15–23cm) long, with yellow to 11/4in (3cm) across. Tasso Series
green leaves, 6in (15cm) long, are maroon Produces mostly female, single, deep veins, purple and hairy beneath. Pendent, cultivars have double, pink, white or red
beneath. Produces large clusters of single, pink flowers intermittently throughout single, orange-yellow flowers are borne in flower heads, to 21/2in (6cm) across, with
bright pink flowers year-round. H11–1. the year. Prefers 60% relative humidity, summer. Provide 75% relative humidity. quilled petals.
B. paulensis. Evergreen, creeping, but with fairly dry roots. H11–1. Z13–15 H11–1.
rhizomatous begonia. H and S 10–12in B. ‘Silver’. See B. pustulata ‘Argentea’. B. zebrina. See B. angularis. Beloperone guttata. See Justicia
(25–30cm). Erect stems produce rounded, B. ‘Silver Helen Teupel’. Rex-cultorum brandegeeana.
mid-green leaves, 6in (15cm) long, with begonia. H and S 12–14in (30–35cm). Has BELAMCANDA
“seersucker” surfaces crisscrossed with long, deeply cut, silver leaves, each with BERBERIDOPSIS
a spider web of veins. Produces single, a glowing pink center, giving a feathered IRIDACEAE
cream-white flowers, with wine-colored effect. Z13–15 H11–1. FLACOURTIACEAE/BERBERIDOPSIACEAE
hairs, in late spring. Z13–15 H11–1. B. stipulacea. See B. angularis. Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
B. ‘Président Carnot’. Vigorous, B. ‘Sugar Candy’. Tuberhybrida begonia. for their iris-like flowers. Requires sun and Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H to 7ft H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Leaves are well-drained, rich soil. Propagate by seed stemmed, twining climber. Dislikes strong
(2.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Erect stems bear mid-green. Produces double, clear pink in spring. winds and strong sun and is best grown
11in (28cm) long, “angelwing,” green flowers in summer. Z13–15 H11–1. B. chinensis, syn. Iris domestica in a north- or west-facing site. Needs moist
leaves, with lighter spots. Produces large B. sutherlandii, illus. p.317. Trailing, (Blackberry lily). Summer-flowering bulb. but well-drained, preferably lime-free soil.
panicles of single, pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) tuberous begonia. H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. H 11/2–3ft (45cm–1m), S 6–10in (15–25cm). Cut out dead growth in spring; train to
across, year-round. Z13–15 H11–1. Slender stems bear small, lance-shaped, Produces a fan of sword-shaped, semierect required shape. Propagate by seed in
B. ‘Princess of Hanover’. Rex-cultorum lobed, bright green leaves, with red veins, leaves. A loosely branched stem bears a spring or by stem cuttings or layering
begonia. H and S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has and, in summer, loose clusters of single, succession of flattish, orange-red flowers, in late summer or fall.
spirally twisted, deep green leaves, 8in orange flowers in profusion. In late fall, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with darker B. corallina, illus. p.202.
(20cm) long, with bands of silver edged leaves and stems collapse prior to winter blotches. Seeds are shiny and
with ruby-red; entire leaf surfaces are dormancy. Makes an excellent hanging- black. Z5–9 H9–5. BERBERIS
covered with fine, pink hairs. Z13–15 basket plant. Is particularly susceptible
H11–1. to mildew. H11–1. BELLEVALIA Barberry
B. prismatocarpa, illus. p.317. B. taliensis, illus. p.278.
Evergreen, creeping, rhizomatous begonia. B. ‘Thurstonii’. Evergreen, shrublike LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE BERBERIDACEAE
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). begonia. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has
Leaves are oval, lobed, light green and less rounded to oval, smooth, glossy, bronze- Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, similar Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
than 3in (8cm) long. Produces single, bright green leaves, with dark red veins, and, in to Muscari, but with longer, more tubular evergreen, spiny shrubs, grown mainly
yellow flowers year-round. Needs 60–65% summer, bears single, pink flowers. Z13–15 flowers. Some species have ornamental for their rounded to cup-shaped flowers,
relative humidity. H11–1. H11–1. value, but most are uninteresting with usually yellow sepals and petals, and
horticulturally. Needs an open, sunny for their fruits. The evergreens are also
position and well-drained soil that dries cultivated for their leaves, the deciduous
shrubs for their colorful fall foliage.
Requires sun or semi-shade and any but
waterlogged soil. Propagate species by
seed in fall, deciduous hybrids and cultivars

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by softwood or semiripe cuttings in B. x ottawensis f. purpurea or root cuttings in winter. May be invasive B. x schmidtii. Evergreen, clump-forming
summer, evergreen hybrids and cultivars ‘Superba’, syn. B. x ottawensis in parts of North America. perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).
by semiripe cuttings in summer. B. ‘Purpurea’. is a deciduous, arching shrub. B. racemosa ‘Variegata’. Deciduous, Oval, flat leaves have toothed margins.
thunbergii has escaped cultivation in H and S 8ft (2.5m). Produces rounded to twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Sprays of open cup-shaped, soft pink
oval, deep reddish-purple leaves. Bears Produces heart-shaped, green leaves, flowers are borne in early spring on short
northeastern North America. T All parts small, red-tinged, yellow flowers in late 11/4–3in (3–8cm) long and paler beneath, stems. Z4–8 H8–1.
spring, then egg-shaped, red fruits in that are variegated creamy-white. Small, B. ‘Silberlicht’, syn. B. ‘Silver Light’,
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested; fall. Z4–8 H8–3. ‘Purpurea’. See B. x bell-shaped, greenish-white flowers in illus. p.255.
contact with the spines may irritate skin. ottawensis f. purpurea ‘Superba’. summer are followed by rounded, green B. ‘Silver Light’. See B. ‘Silberlicht’.
B. aggregata. Deciduous, bushy shrub. B. ‘Park Jewel’. See B. ‘Parkjuweel’. fruits that turn red, then black. Z6–9 B. stracheyi. Evergreen, clump-forming
H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oblong to oval, mid- B. ‘Parkjuweel’, syn. B. ‘Park Jewel’. H9–6. perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
green leaves redden in fall. Dense clusters Semievergreen, bushy, rounded shrub. Small, rounded, flat leaves form neat
of pale yellow flowers, borne in late spring H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are oval, glossy BERGENIA rosettes, among which nestle heads of
or early summer, are followed by egg- and bright green; some turn red in fall. open cup-shaped, white or pink flowers
shaped, white-bloomed, red fruits. Z6–9 Flowers are of little value. Z6–9 H9–6. SYN. MEGASEA in spring. Z4–8 H8–1.
H9–6. B. polyantha. See B. prattii. Bergenia B. ‘Sunningdale’. Evergreen, clump-
B. buxifolia. Semievergreen or B. prattii, syn. B. polyantha. Deciduous, forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in
deciduous, arching shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Produces SAXIFRAGACEAE (30cm). Rounded, slightly crinkled, deep
S 10ft (3m). Has oblong to oval, spine- oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Large green leaves are mahogany beneath.
tipped, leathery, dark green leaves. Deep clusters of small, yellow flowers in late Genus of evergreen perennials with thick, Bears racemes of open cup-shaped, lilac-
orange-yellow flowers, borne from early summer are followed by a profusion of usually large, rounded to oval or spoon- carmine flowers on red stalks in spring.
to mid-spring, are followed by spherical, long-lasting, egg-shaped, coral-pink fruits. shaped, leathery leaves, with indented Z3–8 H8–1.
black fruits with a white bloom. Z6–9 H9–6. Z6–9 H9–6. veins, that make ideal groundcover.
B. calliantha. Evergreen, bushy shrub. B. x rubrostilla. See B. ‘Rubrostilla’. Tolerates sun or shade and any well- BERKHEYA
H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Has oblong, sharply B. ‘Rubrostilla’, syn. B. x rubrostilla, drained soil, but leaf color is best on poor
spiny, glossy, green leaves, white beneath, illus. p.162. soil and in full sun. Propagate by division COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
and large, pale yellow flowers in late B. sargentiana. Evergreen, bushy shrub. in spring after flowering.
spring, followed by egg-shaped, black H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are oblong, glossy, B. ‘Abendglut’, syn. B. ‘Evening Glow’. Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
fruits with a white bloom. Z7–9 H9–7. bright green. Yellow flowers produced Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 9in Where marginally hardy, grow most
B. candidula (Paleleaf barberry). in late spring and early summer are (23cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears rosettes of species against a south- or west-facing
Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub. H and succeeded by egg-shaped, blue-black fruits. oval, crinkled, short-stemmed, maroon wall. Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained
S 3ft (1m). Leaves are narrowly oblong, Z5–8 H8–5. leaves, from which arise racemes of open soil. Sow seed in fall or divide in spring.
glossy, dark green, white beneath. Has B. x stenophylla, illus. p.127. ‘Corallina cup-shaped, semidouble, deep magenta B. macrocephala, illus. p.243.
bright yellow flowers in late spring, then Compacta’ illus. p.336. flowers in spring. Z6–9 H9–6. B. purpurea, illus. p.269.
egg-shaped, blue-purple fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. B. thunbergii (Japanese barberry). B. ‘Ballawley’. Evergreen, clump-forming
B. x carminea. ‘Pirate King’ is a Deciduous, arching, dense shrub. H 6ft perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Large, BERTOLONIA B
deciduous, arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Broadly oval, pale to rounded to oval, flat, deep green leaves
(3m). Has oblong, dark green leaves. In late mid-green leaves turn brilliant orange- turn red in winter. Racemes of cup-shaped, MELASTOMATACEAE
spring and early summer produces clusters red in fall. Small, red-tinged, pale yellow bright crimson flowers are borne on red
of yellow flowers, followed by spherical, flowers are produced in mid-spring, stems in spring. Shelter from cold winds. Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
pale red fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Barbarossa’, followed by egg-shaped, bright red Z6–9 H9–6. for their foliage. Requires a fairly shaded
illus. p.141. fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. f. atropurpurea, illus. B. beesiana. See B. purpurascens. position and high humidity, although soil
B. ‘Chenault’. See B. ‘Chenaultii’. p.123. ‘Atropurpurea Nana’, B. ‘Beethoven’, illus. p.256. should not be waterlogged. Propagate by
B. ‘Chenaultii’, syn. B. ‘Chenault’. syn. B. thunbergii ‘Crimson Pygmy’, B. ciliata, illus. p.256. tip or leaf cuttings in spring or summer.
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), H and S 24in (60cm), bears reddish-purple B. cordifolia (Heartleaf bergenia). B. marmorata. Evergreen, rosette-
S 6ft (2m). Narrowly oblong, wavy-edged, foliage. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Aurea’, illus. p.160. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. forming perennial. H 6in (15cm) or more
glossy, dark green leaves set off golden- ‘Crimson Pygmy’. See B. thunbergii H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Leaves are in flower, S 18in (45cm). Broadly oval,
yellow flowers in late spring and early ‘Atropurpurea Nana’. ‘Erecta’ upright rounded, puckered and crinkle-edged. slightly fleshy leaves have heart-shaped
summer. Bears egg-shaped, blue-black branches spread with age. ‘Golden Produces racemes of open cup-shaped, bases, silvery midribs and puckered
fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. Ring’ has purple leaves narrowly light pink flowers in spring. Z3–8 H8–1. surfaces, and are reddish-purple below,
B. coxii. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. margined with golden-yellow, turning ‘Purpurea’, H and S 20in (50cm). Has velvety green above. Intermittently
H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Produces narrowly red in fall, and produces red fruit. large, rounded, purple-tinged, deep green produces spikes of saucer-shaped,
oval, glossy, dark green leaves with white Z5–8 H8–5. leaves. Clusters of bell-shaped, rose-pink pinkish-purple flowers. Z14–15 H11–10.
undersides and, in late spring, yellow ‘Rose Glow’, illus. p.137. flowers are borne on red stems from late
flowers. Egg-shaped, blue-black fruits B. valdiviana, illus. p.111. winter to early spring. BERZELIA
have a gray-blue bloom. Z6–9 H9–6. B. verruculosa (Warty barberry). Slow- B. crassifolia (Winter-blooming
B. darwinii (Darwin’s barberry), illus. growing, evergreen, bushy shrub. H and bergenia). Evergreen, clump-forming BRUNIACEAE
p.111. S 5ft (1.5m). Glossy, dark green leaves have perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Has
B. empetrifolia, illus. p.148. blue-white undersides. Clusters of small, oval- or spoon-shaped, fleshy, flat leaves Genus of evergreen, heather-like, summer-
B. gagnepainii var. lanceifolia, cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in late that turn mahogany in winter. Bears spikes flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers.
illus. p.127. spring and early summer are followed by of open cup-shaped, lavender-pink flowers Requires full sun and well-drained, neutral
B. jamesiana. Vigorous, deciduous, blue-black fruits. Z6–9 H9–4. in spring. Z3–8 H8–1. to acidic soil. Water container plants
arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Yellow B. wilsoniae. Deciduous or B. ‘Eric Smith’. Evergreen, groundcover moderately, less when not in full growth.
flowers in late spring are followed by semievergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m), perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm) or Plants may be cut back lightly after
pendent racemes of spherical, red berries. S 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly oblong, gray-green more. Has large, rounded, rather upright, flowering. Propagate by seed in spring
Oval, dark green leaves redden in fall. leaves turn bright orange-red in fall. In late leathery, mid-green leaves, which in winter or by semiripe cuttings in late summer.
Z7–9 H9–7. spring and early summer produces yellow are reddish tinted. Rich pink flowers are B. lanuginosa. Evergreen, erect shrub
B. julianae (Wintergreen barberry). flowers, then showy, spherical, coral-red borne on sturdy stalks in spring. Z4–8 with soft-haired, young shoots. H and S 
Dense, bushy, evergreen shrub. H 8ft fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. H8–1. to 3ft (1m). Has small, heather-like leaves.
(2.5m), S 10ft (3m). Has glossy, dark green B. ‘Evening Glow’. See B. ‘Abendglut’. Compact, spherical heads of tiny, creamy-
leaves, yellow flowers in late spring–early BERCHEMIA B. ‘Morgenröte’, syn. B. ‘Morning white flowers are borne in dense, terminal
summer, and egg-shaped, blue-black fruits Red’. Evergreen, clump-forming clusters in summer. Z14–15 H12–10.
in fall. Z6–9 H9–4. RHAMNACEAE perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
B. linearifolia ‘Orange King’, illus. Leaves are rounded, crinkled and deep BESCHORNERIA 521
p.127. Genus of deciduous, twining climbers, green. Spikes of open cup-shaped,
B. x lologensis. Vigorous, evergreen, grown for their leaves and fruit. Is useful deep carmine flowers in spring are AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
arching shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Has for covering walls, fences and tree stumps. often followed by a second crop in
broadly oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Grow in sun or shade, in any well-drained summer. Z4–9 H9–2. Genus of perennial succulents with narrowly
Profuse clusters of orange flowers are soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring, by B. ‘Morning Red’. See B. ‘Morgenröte’. lance-shaped leaves forming erect, almost
borne from mid- to late spring. Z6–9 H9–6. semiripe cuttings in summer or by layering B. purpurascens, syn. B. beesiana, illus. stemless, basal rosettes. Needs full sun and
‘Stapehill’, illus. p.127. p.280. very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
division in spring or summer.
B. yuccoides, illus. p.490.

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BESSERA becomes black and rugged at base of fertile, moist but well-drained soil. BLECHNUM
trunk with age. Yellow-brown catkins Propagate by seed in spring or divide
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE appear in spring. Oval, bright green leaves perennials in spring. Hard fern
turn yellow in fall. Unfortunately very B. atrosanguinea. See Cosmos BLECHNACEAE
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown susceptible to bronze birch borer, which atrosanguineus.
for their brightly colored flowers. Needs reduces the lifespan of this species. Z2–7 B. ‘Gold Star’, illus. p.319. Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
an open, sunny situation and well-drained H7–1. ‘Dalecarlica’ has a more upright ferns. Most species prefer semi-shade.
soil. Propagate by seed in spring. May be habit, with pendent, shorter shoots at the BIGNONIA Requires moist, neutral to acidic soil.
invasive in parts of North America. end of the branches, and has much more Remove fading fronds regularly. Propagate
B. elegans (Coral drops). Summer- deeply cut leaves. Z2–7 H7–1. ‘Laciniata’ Cross vine B. penna-marina by division in spring,
flowering bulb. H to 24in (60cm), S 3–4in develops a narrow crown. Z2–7 H7–1. BIGNONIACEAE other species by spores in late summer.
(8–10cm). Has long, narrow, erect, basal ‘Tristis’, illus. p.68. ‘Youngii’, illus. p.88. B. alpinum. See B. penna-marina.
leaves. Each leafless stem bears pendent, B. platyphylla var. szechuanica. See Genus of one species of evergreen, tendril B. chilense, syn. B. tabulare, illus. p.292.
bell-shaped, bright red flowers on long, B. szechuanica. climber. In colder areas may lose its leaves B. penna-marina, syn. B. alpinum, illus.
slender stalks. Z13–15 H11–10. B. szechuanica, syn. B. platyphylla var. in winter. Requires sun and fertile soil to p.290.
szechuanica (Szechuan birch). Vigorous, flower well. If necessary, prune in spring. B. spicant (Hard fern). Evergreen fern.
Betonica officinalis. See Stachys deciduous, open tree with stiff branches. Propagate by stem cuttings in summer or H 12–30in (30–75cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
officinalis. H 46ft (14m), S 8ft (2.5m). Bark is chalky- fall or by layering in winter. Bears narrowly lance-shaped, indented,
white when mature. Has triangular to oval, B. capensis. See Tecoma capensis. leathery, spreading, dark green fronds.
B BETULA serrated, leathery, deep green leaves that B. capreolata, syn. Doxantha capreolata Prefers shade and peaty or leafy soil.
turn brilliant gold in fall. Produces yellow- (Cross vine, Trumpet flower). Evergreen, Z10–11 H11–10.
522 Birch green catkins in spring. Z5–7 H7–5. tendril climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Each B. tabulare. See B. chilense.
B. utilis (Himalayan birch). Deciduous, leaf has 2 narrowly oblong leaflets and
BETULACEAE upright, open tree. H 60ft (18m), S 30ft a branched tendril. In summer, funnel- BLETILLA
(10m). Paper-thin, peeling bark varies from shaped, reddish-orange flowers are borne
Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, creamy-white to dark copper-brown. in clusters in leaf axils. Pea-pod-shaped ORCHIDACEAE
grown for their bark and fall color. Needs Yellow-brown catkins are borne in spring. fruits, to 6in (15cm) long, are produced
sun and moist but well-drained soil; some Oval, mid-green leaves, hairy beneath in fall. Z6–9 H9–5. See also ORCHIDS.
species prefer acidic soil. Transplant young when young, turn golden-yellow in fall. B. grandiflora. See Campsis grandiflora. B. hyacinthina. See B. striata.
trees in fall. Propagate by grafting in late Z5–7 H7–5. var. jacquemontii, syn. B. B. jasminoides. See Pandorea B. striata, syn. B. hyacinthina (Chinese
winter or by softwood cuttings in early jacquemontii has bright white bark and jasminoides. ground orchid), illus. p.466. Deciduous,
summer. oval, serrated, mid-green leaves that turn B. pandorana. See Pandorea pandorana. terrestrial orchid. H to 24in (60cm). In late
B. albosinensis (White Chinese birch), clear yellow in fall. var. jacquemontii B. radicans. See Campsis radicans. spring or early summer produces magenta
illus. p.78. Deciduous, open-branched tree. ‘Grayswood Ghost’, illus. p.78. has B. stans. See Tecoma stans. or white flowers, 11/4in (3cm) long, and
H 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m). Has oval to bright, white bark, slightly pendent B. unguis-cati. See Macfadyena unguis- broadly lance-shaped leaves, 20in (50cm)
lance-shaped, serrated, pale green leaves. branchlets and dark green leaves. var. cati. long. Needs shade in summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
Peeling bark is honey-colored or reddish- jacquemontii ‘Jermyns’, syn. B.
maroon with a gray bloom. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Jermyns’ (illus. p.78), H 50ft (15m), S 30ft Bilderdykia. See Fallopia. BLOOMERIA
B. alleghaniensis, syn. B. lutea (Yellow (10m), produces bright white bark and
birch). Deciduous, upright, open tree, often very long, elegant, yellow, male catkins. BILLARDIERA LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
multi-stemmed. H 40ft (12m) or more, S 10ft
(3m). Smooth, glossy, golden-brown bark BIARUM PITTOSPORACEAE Genus of onion-like, spring-flowering
peels in thin shreds. Oval, mid- to pale bulbs, with spherical flower heads on
green leaves rapidly turn gold in fall. Bears ARACEAE Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, leafless stems, which die down in summer.
yellow-green catkins in spring. Z4–7 H7–1. twining climbers, grown mainly for their Requires a sheltered, sunny situation and
B. ermanii (Erman birch), illus. p.78. Genus of mainly fall-flowering, tuberous fruits. Grow in any well-drained soil, in well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
Deciduous, open-branched tree. H 70ft perennials with tiny flowers carried on a a sheltered position and partial shade. fall or by division in late summer or fall.
(20m), S 40ft (12m). Oval, glossy, green pencil-shaped spadix, enclosed within Propagate by seed in spring or stem B. crocea. Late spring-flowering bulb.
leaves turn yellow in fall. Has peeling, a tubular spathe. Upper part of spathe cuttings in summer or fall. H to 12in (30cm), S to 4in (10cm). Long,
pinkish-white bark, distinctively marked is hooded or flattened out and showy. B. longiflora, illus. p.210. narrow, semierect, basal leaves die at
with large lenticels. Z5–8 H8–5. In winter protect in a cold frame or flowering time. Each leafless stem bears
B. jacquemontii. See B. utilis var. greenhouse. Needs a sunny position and BILLBERGIA a loose, spherical head, 4–6in (10–15cm)
jacquemontii. well-drained soil. Dry out tubers when across, of star-shaped, dark-striped, yellow
B. ‘Jermyns’. See B. utilis var. dormant in summer. Propagate in fall by BROMELIACEAE flowers. Z8–9 H9–8.
jacquemontii‘Jermyns’. seed or offsets.
B. lenta, illus. p.79. B. eximium. Early fall-flowering, tuberous Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming Bocconia cordata. See Macleaya
B. lutea. See B. alleghaniensis. perennial. H and S 3–4in (8–10cm). Lance- perennials, grown for their flowers and cordata.
B. maximowicziana (Monarch birch). shaped, semierect, basal leaves follow foliage. Requires semi-shade and well-
Fast-growing, deciduous, broad-headed stemless, tubular, velvety, blackish-maroon drained soil, ideally adding sphagnum BOENNINGHAUSENIA
tree with orange-brown or pink bark. spathe, up to 6in (15cm) long and often moss or plastic chips used for orchid
H 60ft (18m), S 10ft (3m). Has racemes of lying flat on ground. Upper part is flattened culture. Water moderately when in full RUTACEAE
yellowish catkins in spring. Large, oval, out. Spadix is upright and black. Z7–9 growth, sparingly at other times. Propagate
mid-green leaves turn bright butter-yellow H9–7. by division or offsets after flowering or Genus of one species of deciduous
in fall. Z6–8 H8–6. B. tenuifolium. Late summer- or fall- in late spring. subshrub, usually with soft, herbaceous
B. nana, illus. p.335. flowering tuberous perennial. H to 8in B. nutans (Queen’s tears). Evergreen, stems, grown for its foliage and flowers.
B. nigra (River birch), illus. p.78. (20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces clump-forming, tubular-rosetted perennial. Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained but
Deciduous, conical then spreading tree clusters of acrid, narrow, erect, basal H and S to 16in (40cm). Strap-shaped leaves not too dry soil. Propagate by softwood
with peeling, pink-orange bark, which leaves after which stemless, upright and are usually dark green. In spring, pendent cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
becomes fissured with age. H 50ft (15m), often twisted, blackish-purple spathes clusters of tubular, purple-blue-edged, B. albiflora. Deciduous, bushy subshrub.
S 30ft (10m). Diamond-shaped, glossy, mid- appear. Z7–9 H9–7. lime-green flowers emerge from pink H and S 3ft (1m). Has pungent, mid-green
green leaves turn golden-orange in fall. bracts. Z9–11 H11–1. leaves, divided into oval leaflets. Bears
Bears yellow, male catkins in spring. Can BIDENS B. rhodocyanea. See Aechmea fasciata. loose panicles of small, cup-shaped, white
be coppiced to encourage multiple, brightly B. x windii (Angel’s tears). Evergreen, flowers from mid-summer to early fall.
colored stems. Grows well in damp soil. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE clump-forming, tubular-rosetted perennial. Z6–10 H10–6.
Z4–9 H9–1. Many excellent cultivars are H and S to 16in (40cm). Is similar to
available, including ‘Heritage’, which has Genus of annuals and perennials, grown B. nutans, but produces broader, spreading, BOLAX
larger, glossier leaves. for their large, yellow flowers and finely gray-green leaves and larger bracts.
B. papyrifera, illus. p.67. dissected leaves. A few perennials, Flowers intermittently from spring to fall. UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE
B. pendula (Silver birch). Deciduous, usually treated as annuals, are grown as Z9–15 H12–10.
broadly columnar or conical tree. H 80ft creeping hanging basket and container Genus of evergreen, hummock- and
(25m) or more, S 30ft (10m). Has slender, plants. Grow in full sun and reasonably Biota orientalis. See Platycladus cushion-forming perennials, often included
drooping shoots and silver-white bark that orientalis. in Azorella. Is grown for its symmetrical
rosettes of small, thick, tough leaves.
Flowers only rarely in cultivation. Is

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suitable for gritty screes, troughs and BOUGAINVILLEA fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely pyramidal when young. H and S 50–70ft
alpine houses. Needs sun and rich, well- when in full growth, moderately at other (15–20m). Pointed or 3–5 lobed, glossy,
drained soil. Propagate by rooting rosettes Bougainvillea times. Cut back stems by half to three- deep green leaves are chartreuse when
in summer. quarters after flowering. Propagate young. In spring–summer has panicles of
B. gummifer, illus. p.376. NYCTAGINACEAE by softwood cuttings in spring or by saucer-shaped, cream or greenish-white
greenwood or semiripe cuttings in flowers with red, purple or yellow throats.
BOMAREA Genus of deciduous or evergreen, woody- summer. Whitefly and mealy bug may Z9–11 H11–10.
stemmed, scrambling climbers, grown for be troublesome.
ALSTROEMERIACEAE their showy, floral bracts. Grow in fertile, B. humboldtii. See B. longiflora. BRACHYGLOTTIS B
well-drained soil in full light. Water B. longiflora, syn. B. humboldtii.
Genus of herbaceous or evergreen, moderately in the growing season; keep Semievergreen, spreading shrub. H and COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
tuberous-rooted, scrambling and twining container plants almost dry when dormant. S 3ft (1m) or more. Has lance-shaped
climbers, grown for tubular or bell-shaped Tie to a support. Cut back previous leaves, and terminal clusters of fragrant, Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
flowers. Needs full light and well-drained season’s lateral growths in spring, leaving white flowers, with slender tubes and grown for their bold foliage and daisylike
soil. Water regularly in growth, sparingly 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long spurs. Propagate by 4 petal lobes, from summer to early winter. flower heads. Needs full light or partial
when dormant. Provide support. Some semiripe cuttings in summer or by Z13–15 H11–10. shade and well-drained soil. Water
species grow well out of doors planted hardwood cuttings when dormant. B. ternifolia, syn. B. triphylla (Scarlet container plants freely in summer,
beneath shrubs through which they can Whitefly and mealy bug may attack. trompetilla), illus. p.456. moderately at other times. Take semiripe
climb; mulch to protect tubers before B. x buttiana. Vigorous, evergreen, B. triphylla. See B. ternifolia. cuttings in late summer.
winter. Cut out old flowering stems at woody-stemmed, scrambling climber. B. compacta, syn. Senecio compactus.
ground level when leaves yellow. Propagate H 25–40ft (8–12m). Has ovate, mid-green BOWIEA Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft (1m),
by seed or division in early spring. leaves, to 3in (8cm) long, lighter below. S 6ft (2m). Feltlike, white hairs cover the
B. andimarcana, syn. B. pubigera. Bears large clusters of strongly waved, LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE shoots. Bears small, oval, white-edged,
Deciduous, scrambling climber with golden-yellow, purple or red floral bracts dark green leaves, white below, and
straight, slender stems. H 6–10ft (2–3m). from summer to fall. Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Enid Genus of summer-flowering, bulbous daisylike, bright yellow flowers in clustered
Has lance-shaped leaves, white and hairy Lancaster’, syn. B. x buttiana ‘California succulents with scrambling, branched, heads from mid- to late summer. Z9–10
beneath. Bears nodding, tubular, green- Gold’, B. x buttiana ‘Golden Glow’ floral green stems that produce no proper leaves. H10–9.
tipped, pale yellow flowers, suffused pink, bracts are orange-yellow. Z13–15 H11–1. Needs sun and well-drained soil; plant with B. Dunedin Group, syn. Senecio Dunedin
from early summer to fall. Z9–10 H10–9. ‘Miss Manila’, syn. B. ‘Miss Manila’, B. half of bulb above soil level. Support with Hybrids, Senecio greyi, Senecio laxifolius,
B. caldasii. See B. multiflora. ‘Tango’ has pink floral bracts. ‘Mrs. Butt’, sticks or canes. Propagate by seed, sown illus. p.161.
B. edulis, illus. p.201. syn. B. x buttiana ‘Crimson Lake’ has under glass in winter or spring. May B. laxifolia, syn. Senecio laxifolius.
B. hirsuta. Herbaceous, twining climber. crimson-magenta floral bracts; ‘Scarlet produce offsets. Evergreen, bushy, spreading shrub. H 3ft
H 3–6ft (1–2m). Has narrowly ovate, mid- Queen’ are scarlet. B. volubilis. Bulbous summer-flowering (1m), S 6ft (2m). Oval, gray-white leaves
green leaves, softly hairy beneath. Bears B. x buttiana ‘California Gold’. See B. x succulent. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 11/2–2ft become dark green. Has large clusters
tight clusters of pendent, bell-shaped, buttiana ‘Enid Lancaster’. (45–60cm). Has climbing, much-branched, of daisylike, golden-yellow flower heads
reddish-orange flowers, with yellow- B. x buttiana ‘Crimson Lake’. See B. x slender stems and no proper leaves. in summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
orange interiors, from mid-summer to buttiana ‘Mrs. Butt’. Produces small, star-shaped, green flowers B. monroi, syn. Senecio monroi, illus.
fall. Z9–11 H12–9. B. x buttiana ‘Golden Glow’. See B. x at tips of stems. Provide support. Z14–15 p.161.
B. kalbreyeri of gardens. See B. buttiana ‘Enid Lancaster’. H11–10. B. repanda (Pukapuka, Rangiora).
multiflora. B. ‘Dania’. Vigorous, mainly evergreen, Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree, upright
B. multiflora, syn. B. caldasii, woody-stemmed, scrambling climber. BOYKINIA when young. H 10ft (3m), S 10ft (3m) or
B. kalbreyeri of gardens, illus. p.207. H 15ft (to 5m). Has rounded-oval, mid- more. Has robust, downy, white stems
B. pubigera of gardens. See B. green leaves and bears clusters of deep SAXIFRAGACEAE and veined leaves that are white beneath.
andimarcana. pink floral bracts in summer. Z12–15 Produces fragrant, white flower heads
B. salsilla. Herbaceous, twining climber. H11–1. Genus of mound-forming perennials. in summer. Z12–15 H11–10.
H 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Ovate leaves are grayish- B. glabra, illus. p.462. ‘Sanderiana’ , Most species require shade and rich, B. rotundifolia, syn. Senecio reinholdii,
green. Produces open clusters of pendent, illus. p.462. ‘Snow White’, illus. p.460. moist but well-drained, acidic soil. Senecio rotundifolius. Evergreen, rounded,
bell-shaped, green-tipped, cerise flowers B. ‘Miss Manila’. See B. x buttiana ‘Miss Propagate by division in spring or by seed dense shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has
in summer. Z9–11 H12–9. Manila’. in fall. rounded, leathery, glossy leaves, dark
B. spectabilis. Strong-growing, mainly B. aconitifolia. Mound-forming green above, white-felted below, and tiny,
BORAGO evergreen, woody-stemmed, scrambling perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 6in (15cm). yellow flower heads from early to mid-
climber; stems usually have a few spines. Has rounded to kidney-shaped, lobed summer. Withstands salt winds in mild
Borage H to 22ft (7m). Has elliptic to oval leaves leaves. In summer, flower stems carry coastal areas. Z9–10 H10–9.
and, in summer, large trusses of red-purple very small, bell-shaped, white flowers.
BORAGINACEAE floral bracts. Z9–11 H11–1. Z5–9 H9–5. BRACHYSCOME
B. ‘Tango’. See B. x buttiana ‘Miss Manila’. B. jamesii. Mound-forming, rhizomatous
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown perennial. H and S 6in (15cm). Each woody COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
for culinary use as well as for their Boussingaultia baselloides of stem bears a rosette of kidney-shaped
flowers. Requires sun and fertile, well- gardens. See Anredera cordifolia. leaves with lacerated edges. In early Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
drained soil. For culinary use gather summer bears open bell-shaped, frilled, for their daisylike flower heads and very
only young leaves. Propagate by seed BOUTELOUA pink flowers with green centers. Z5–9 variable, often finely divided foliage.
sown outdoors in spring. Some species H9–6. Requires sun, a sheltered position and
will self-seed prolifically and may become Grama grass rich, well-drained soil. Pinch out growing
invasive. Brachychilum horsfieldii. See shoots of young plants to encourage a
B. officinalis (Borage), illus. p.315. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Hedychium horsfieldii. bushy habit. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in spring or outdoors in
BORONIA See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES BRACHYCHITON late spring.
and SEDGES. B. iberidifolia (Swan River daisy).
RUTACEAE B. gracilis, syn. B. oligostachya (Blue STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE Moderately fast-growing, thin-stemmed,
grama, Mosquito grass). Semievergreen, bushy annual. H and S to 18in (45cm).
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown mainly tuft-forming, narrow-leaved, perennial Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly Has deeply cut leaves and small, fragrant,
for their flowers. Requires full light and grass. H 20in (50cm), S 8in (20cm). In spring- and summer-flowering trees, daisylike flowers, usually blue but also
sandy, neutral to acidic soil. Water summer bears comblike flower spikes, grown for their flowers and overall pink, mauve, purple or white, in summer
container specimens moderately, less when 11/2in (4cm) long, held at right-angles to appearance. Needs full light and rich, and early fall. H11–1.
they are not in full growth. For a compact stems. Z5–9 H9–5. well-drained, preferably acidic soil. Water B. ‘Strawberry Mousse’, illus. p.300.
habit, shorten long stems after flowering. B. oligostachya. See B. gracilis. container plants moderately, much less
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe in winter. Prune if needed. Propagate by Bracteantha bracteata. See 523
cuttings in late summer. Red spider mite BOUVARDIA seed in spring at min. 75ºF (24ºC). Red Xerochrysum bracteatum.
may be a problem. spider mite may be a nuisance. Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis. See Opuntia
B. megastigma, illus. p.456. RUBIACEAE B. acerifolius, syn. Sterculia acerifolia brasiliensis.
(Illawarra flame tree), illus. p.450.
Borzicactus. See Cleistocactus. Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or B. populneus, syn. Sterculia diversifolia
evergreen shrubs and perennials, grown (Kurrajong). Evergreen, conical tree,
for their flowers. Prefers full light and

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BRASILIORCHIS soil. Water container plants freely when BRODIAEA sun or partial shade and in fertile, well-
in full growth, moderately at other times. drained soil that should not dry out
ORCHIDACEAE Large bushes should be cut back hard after LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE completely. Feed when flowering if
flowering. Propagate by greenwood or container-grown and pinch out young
See also ORCHIDS. semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly, Genus of mainly spring-flowering bulbs shoots to encourage bushiness.
B. picta, syn. Maxillaria picta. Evergreen, red spider mite and mealy bug may be with colorful flowers produced in loose Propagate by seed in spring; for winter
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. troublesome. heads on leafless stems. Needs a sheltered, flowers, sow in late summer.
H 9in (23cm). Fragrant, deep yellow to B. disticha, syn. B. nivosa, Phyllanthus sunny situation and light, well-drained soil. B. americana, syn. B. elata. Moderately
white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, marked nivosus (Snow bush). Evergreen, well- Dies down in summer. Propagate in fall by fast-growing, bushy perennial, usually
purple to dark reddish-brown outside, are branched shrub with slender stems. seed or in late summer and fall by freely grown as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in
produced singly beneath foliage in winter. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 24–39in (60–100cm). produced offsets. (15cm). Produces oval, mid-green leaves
Has narrowly oval leaves, 6–9in (15–23cm) Ovate, dark green leaves have white B. capitata. See Dichelostemma and, in summer, trumpet-shaped, blue
long. Requires partial shade in summer. marbling. Tiny, greenish flowers, borne pulchellum. flowers, 11/2in (4cm) wide. Z10–11 H8–1.
Z14–15 H12–6. intermittently, have no petals. Z14–15 B. congesta. See Dichelostemma B. elata. See B. americana.
B. porphyrostele, syn. Maxillaria H11–10. ‘Roseopicta’, H and S to 3ft congestum. B. speciosa, illus. p.472.
porphyrostele, illus. p.467. Evergreen, (1m), has green leaves variably B. coronaria, syn. B. grandiflora (Harvest
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. bordered and splashed with white brodiaea). Late spring- to early summer- BROWNINGIA
H 3in (8cm). White- and red-lipped, yellow and flushed pink. flowering bulb. H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 3–4in
flowers, 1/2in (1cm) across, are borne singly B. nivosa. See B. disticha. (8–10cm). Long, narrow, semierect, basal SYN. AZUREOCEREUS
in summer–fall. Narrowly oval leaves are leaves die down by flowering time. Leafless
3in (8cm) long. Needs good light in Bridgesia. See Ercilla. stems each carry a loose head of erect, CACTACEAE
summer. Z14–15 H12–10. funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers on long,
BRIGGSIA slender stalks. Z8–10 H10–8. Genus of slow-growing, eventually treelike,
Brassaia. See Schefflera. B. grandiflora. See B. coronaria. perennial cacti. Spiny, silvery- or green-
GESNERIACEAE B. hyacinthina. See Triteleia hyacinthina. blue stems, with up to 20 or more ribs,
BRASSAVOLA B. ida-maia. See Dichelostemma ida-maia. are crowned by stiff, erect, green-blue
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for B. ixioides. See Triteleia ixioides. branches. Requires full sun and very well-
ORCHIDACEAE their rosettes of hairy leaves. Needs shade B. lactea. See Triteleia hyacinthina. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
and peaty soil with plenty of moisture in B. laxa. See Triteleia laxa. ‘Queen or summer.
See also ORCHIDS. summer and good air circulation in winter. Fabiola’. See Triteleia laxa ‘Koningin B. hertlingiana, syn. Azureocereus
B. nodosa (Lady-of-the-night), illus. p.466. Protect against damp in winter. Propagate Fabiola’. hertlingianus, illus. p.488.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an by seed in spring. B. lutea. See Triteleia ixioides.
intermediate greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). B. muscicola. Evergreen, basal-rosetted B. peduncularis. See Triteleia Bruckenthalia spiculifolia. See Erica
Narrow-petaled, pale green flowers, 2in perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 9in (23cm). peduncularis. spiculifolia.
(5cm) across and each with a white lip, are Leaves are oval, silver-haired and pale B. pulchella. See Dichelostemma
produced, 1–3 to a stem, in spring; they are green. Arching flower stems bear loose pulchellum. BRUGMANSIA
fragrant at night. Leaves, 3–4in (8–10cm) clusters of tubular, pale yellow flowers,
long, are thick and cylindrical. Is best with protruding tips, in early summer. Is BROMELIA Angels’ trumpets
grown on a bark slab. Provide good light best grown in an alpine house. Z12–15
in summer. H11–10. H11–10. BROMELIACEAE SOLANACEAE

AB BRASSICA BRIMEURA Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
perennials, grown for their overall shrubs, trees and annuals, grown for
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE appearance. Needs full light and well- their flowers borne mainly in summer–
drained soil. Water moderately in summer, fall. Prefers full light and fertile, well-
Genus of annuals and evergreen biennials Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, similar sparingly at other times. Propagate by drained soil. Water container specimens
and perennials. Most are edible vegetables, to miniature bluebells, cultivated for their suckers in spring. freely in full growth, moderately at other
e.g. cabbages and kales, but forms of flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens and B. balansae, illus. p.470. times. May be pruned hard in early
B. oleracea are grown for ornamental shrub borders. Requires partial shade spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
foliage. Grow in sun and fertile, well- and prefers rich, well-drained soil. BROMUS by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
drained soil. Lime-rich soil is preferable, Propagate by seed in fall or by division early summer or later. Whitefly and red
though not essential. Propagate by seed in late summer. Brome
sown outdoors in spring or under glass in B. amethystina, syn. Hyacinthus GRAMINEAE/POACEAE spider mite may be troublesome. T All
early spring. Is susceptible to club root. amethystinus, illus. p.419.
B. Northern Lights Series, illus. p.306. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES parts are highly toxic if ingested.
B. oleracea forms (Ornamental cabbage). Brittonastrum mexicanum. See and SEDGES. B. arborea, syn. B. versicolor (Common
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen, Agastache mexicana. B. ramosus (Hairy brome grass). angels’ trumpet). Evergreen or
rounded biennial, grown as an annual. Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass. semievergreen, rounded, robust shrub.
H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has heads BRIZA H to 6ft (2m), S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green leaves H and S to 10ft (3m). Bears narrowly oval
of large, often crinkled leaves, in are lax and hairy. Produces long, arching leaves, 8in (20cm) or more long. Produces
combinations of red/green, white/pink, Quaking grass panicles of nodding, gray-green spikelets strongly fragrant, pendent, trumpet-
pink/green. Do not allow to flower. Z7–11 GRAMINEAE/POACEAE in summer. Prefers shade. H12–1. shaped, white flowers, 6–8in (16–20cm)
H6–1. long with a spathe-like calyx, in summer–
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES BROUSSONETIA fall. Z11 H11–10.
x Brassocattleya Mount Adams gx. and SEDGES. B. aurea. Evergreen, rounded shrub or
See x Rhyncholaeliocattleya Mount B. maxima (Greater quaking grass). MORACEAE tree. H and S 20–35ft (6–11m). Has oval
Adams gx. Robust, tuft-forming, annual grass. H to leaves, 6in (15cm) long. In summer–fall
x Brassolaeliocattleya Hetherington 20in (50cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Mid-green Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, produces pendent, trumpet-shaped, white
Horace gx ‘Coronation’. See leaves are mainly basal. Produces loose grown for their foliage and unusual or yellow flowers, 6–10in (15–25cm) long.
x Rhyncholaeliocattleya Hetherington panicles of up to 10 pendent, purplish- flowers. Male and female flowers are Z11 H11–10.
Horace gx ‘Coronation’. green spikelets, in early summer, that dry produced on different plants. Requires B. x candida. Semievergreen, rounded
x Brassolaeliocattleya St. Helier gx. particularly well for winter decoration. full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate shrub or small tree. H 10–15ft (3–5m),
See x Rhyncholaeliocattleya St. Helier gx. Self-seeds readily. H11–1. by softwood cuttings in summer or by S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Has oval, downy leaves
Bravoa geminiflora. See Polianthes B. media (Common quaking grass). seed in fall. and strongly scented, pendulous, white
geminiflora. Evergreen, tuft-forming, rhizomatous, B. papyrifera, illus. p.74. flowers, sometimes cream or pinkish, in
perennial grass. H 12–24in (30–60cm), summer–fall. Z11 H11–10. ‘Grand
524 BREYNIA S 3–4in (8–10cm). Mid-green leaves are BROWALLIA Marnier’, syn. B. ‘Grand Marnier’ illus.
mainly basal. In summer produces open p.319.
EUPHORBIACEAE/PHYLLANTHACEAE panicles of up to 30 pendent, purplish- Amethyst flower B. ‘Grand Marnier’. See B. x candida
brown spikelets that dry well for winter SOLANACEAE ‘Grand Marnier’.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, decoration. Z4–11 H11–1. B. rosei. See B. sanguinea.
grown for their foliage. Requires full light Genus of shrubby perennials, usually B. sanguinea, syn. B. rosei (Red angels’
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained grown as annuals, with showy, open trumpet). Semievergreen, erect to rounded
trumpet-shaped flowers. Grows best in shrub or small tree. H 10–15ft (3–5m),
S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has lobed, young leaves
and large, trumpet-shaped, yellow and

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orange-red flowers from late summer to well-drained soil. B. crispa, B. davidii, B. arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Long BUTIA BA
winter. Z11 H11–10. fallowiana, B. ‘Lochinch’ and B. x plumes of fragrant, tubular, lilac-blue
B. versicolor. See B. arborea. weyeriana should be cut back hard in flowers are borne above lance-shaped, Yatay palm
spring. Prune B. alternifolia by removing gray-green leaves in late summer and
BRUNFELSIA shoots that have flowered. Other species fall. Z6–9 H9–6. ARECACEAE/PALMAE
may be cut back lightly after flowering. B. madagascariensis, syn. Nicodemia
SOLANACEAE Propagate by semiripe cuttings in madagascariensis. Evergreen, arching Genus of evergreen palms, grown for
summer. shrub. H and S 12ft (4m) or more. Has their overall appearance. Grow in
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their B. agathosma. Deciduous, upright narrowly lance-shaped, dark green fertile, well-drained soil and in full light
flowers. Needs semi-shade and rich, well- shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Large, leaves, white beneath, and, in late or partial shade. Water regularly, less
drained soil. Water container plants triangular-shaped, feltlike, silvery-green winter and spring, long clusters of in winter. Red spider mite may be a
moderately, much less in low temperatures. leaves have wavy margins. Fragrant, tubular, orange-yellow flowers. Grow problem.
Remove stem tips to promote branching tubular, lilac flowers, with orange against a south- or west-facing wall. B. capitata, syn. Cocos capitata (Jelly
in growing season. Propagate by semiripe centers, are borne in late spring. Z12–15 H11–1. palm). Slow-growing, evergreen palm.
cuttings in summer. Mealy bug and Z5–7 H7–4. B. salviifolia (South African sage wood), H 12–20ft (4–6m), S 10–15ft (3–5m).
whitefly may be a problem. B. alternifolia (Fountain butterfly bush), illus. p.114. Semievergreen, arching shrub. Feather-shaped leaves, 6ft (2m) or more
B. calycina. See B. pauciflora. illus. p.114. Deciduous, arching shrub H 13ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Has sage-like, long and composed of many leathery
B. eximia. See B. pauciflora. that can be trained as a weeping tree. lance-shaped, wrinkled, blue-green leaves, leaflets, are strongly arching to recurved.
B. pauciflora, syn. B. calycina, B. eximia H and S 12ft (4m). Has slender, pendent covered in fine hairs. Fragrant, tubular, Z11 H11–10.
(Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow). shoots and narrow, gray-green leaves. white to pale lilac flowers are produced in
Evergreen, spreading shrub. H and S 2ft Neat clusters of fragrant, lilac-purple early summer. Z8–11 H11–8. BUTOMUS
(60cm) or more. Bears oblong to lance- flowers are borne in early summer. B. x weyeriana. Deciduous, arching
shaped, leathery, glossy leaves. Blue-purple Z6–9 H10–1. shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears lance- BUTOMACEAE
flowers, each with a tubular base and 5 B. asiatica. Evergreen, arching shrub. shaped, dark green leaves, and loose,
overlapping, wavy-edged petals, are H and S 10ft (3m). Long plumes of very rounded clusters of tubular, orange- Genus of one species of deciduous,
produced from winter to summer. Z12–15 fragrant, tubular, white flowers appear yellow flowers, often tinged purple, perennial, rushlike, marginal water plant,
H11–10. ‘Macrantha’, illus. p.457. amid long, narrow, dark green leaves in from mid-summer to fall. Z5–9 H9–2. grown for its fragrant, cup-shaped flowers.
late winter and early spring. Grow ‘Moonlight’ (illus. p.114) bears pale Requires an open, sunny situation in up to
BRUNNERA against a south- or west-facing wall. cream flowers with deep orange-yellow 10in (25cm) depth of water. Propagate by
Z8–9 H9–8. throats. ‘Sungold’ (illus. p.114) has division in spring or by seed in spring or
BORAGINACEAE B. colvilei. Deciduous, arching shrub, dense clusters of dark orange-yellow late summer.
often treelike with age. H and S 20ft (6m). flowers. B. umbellatus, illus. p.438.
Genus of spring-flowering perennials. Has lance-shaped, dark green foliage
Prefers light shade and moist soil. among which large, tubular, white- BULBOCODIUM BUXUS
Propagate by division in spring or fall throated, deep pink to purplish-red
or by seed in fall. flowers are borne in drooping racemes in LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE Boxwood, box
B. macrophylla (Siberian bugloss). early summer. Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Kewensis’
Clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), (illus. p.114), H and S 15ft (5m), has white- Genus of spring-flowering corms, related BUXACEAE
S 24in (60cm). Delicate sprays of small, throated, deep red flowers. Z8–9 H9–8. to Colchicum and with funnel-shaped
star-shaped, forget-me-not-like, bright B. crispa, illus. p.204. flowers. Is particularly suitable for rock Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
blue flowers in early spring are followed B. davidii (Butterfly bush). Variable, fast- gardens and cool greenhouses. Requires grown for their foliage and habit. Is
by heart-shaped, rough, long-stalked growing, deciduous shrub. H 10–16ft an open, sunny site and well-drained soil. excellent for edging, hedging and
leaves. Makes good groundcover. Z3–7 (3–5m), S to 16ft (5m). Long, arching Propagate by seed in fall or by division in topiary work. Flowers are insignificant.
H7–1. ‘Dawson’s White’ has delicate branches bear lance-shaped, pointed, late summer and early fall. Requires sun or semi-shade and any but
sprays of small, bright blue flowers in mid- to gray-green leaves, to 10in (25cm) B. vernum, illus. p.418. waterlogged soil. Trim hedges in summer.
spring. Shelter from wind to prevent long. Bears dense, semi-pendent panicles, Promote new growth by cutting back
leaf damage. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Jack Frost’ to 8in (20cm) or more, of small, very BULBOPHYLLUM stems to 12in (30cm) or less in late spring.
illus. p.261. fragrant, tubular, lilac to purple or white Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
flowers from mid-summer to fall. Is ORCHIDACEAE
x Brunsdonna parkeri. See x Amarygia tolerant of dry conditions. Z6–9 H9–1. summer. T Contact with boxwood sap
parkeri. ‘Black Knight’ (illus. p.114) has dark See also ORCHIDS.
green leaves with white-felted undersides B. careyanum. Evergreen, epiphytic may irritate skin.
BRUNSVIGIA and dark violet-purple flowers. orchid for an intermediate greenhouse. B. balearica (Balearic boxwood), illus.
‘Dartmoor’ (illus. p.114) has deeply cut H 3in (8cm). Oval leaves are 3–4in (8–10cm) p.145.
AMARYLLIDACEAE leaf margins and produces large, long. In spring produces tight sprays of B. microphylla (Small-leaved boxwood).
branched panicles of deep rich lilac- many slightly fragrant, brown flowers, Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m),
Genus of fall-flowering bulbs with heads purple flowers. ‘Empire Blue’ has rich 1⁄4in (0.5cm) across. Grows best in a S 5ft (1.5m). Forms a dense, rounded
of showy flowers. Requires sun and well- violet-blue flowers. ‘Harlequin’ has red- hanging basket. Needs partial shade mass of small, oblong, dark green
drained soil. Water in fall to encourage purple flowers. ‘Peace’ bears long in summer. Z13–15 H11–10. leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Green Pillow’,
bulbs into growth and continue watering plumes of white flowers. ‘Pink Delight’ illus. p.167.
until summer, when the leaves will die (illus. p.114) has panicles, 12in (30cm) BUPHTHALMUM B. sempervirens (Common boxwood).
away; dormant bulbs should be kept fairly long, of orange-eyed, bright pink flowers. Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree. H and
dry and warm. Propagate by seed sown ‘Pink Pearl’ produces pale lilac-pink COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE S 15ft (5m). Produces leaves that are
in fall or by offsets in late summer. flowers. ‘Royal Red’ has rich purple-red oblong, glossy and dark green. Is useful
B. josephinae (Josephine’s lily). Fall- flowers. ‘White Profusion’ (illus. p.114) Genus of summer-flowering perennials. for hedging and screening. Z6–8 H8–6.
flowering bulb. H to 18in (45cm), bears masses of snow-white flowers, Requires full sun; grows well in any but ‘Handsworthensis’, illus. p.144.
S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears a sturdy, each with a yellow eye. Z6–9 H9–1. rich soil. Propagate by seed in spring or ‘Suffruticosa’, illus. p.167.
leafless stem with a spherical head of B. fallowiana. Deciduous, arching fall or by division in fall. Needs frequent B. wallichiana (Himalayan boxwood).
20–30 funnel-shaped, red flowers, shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Shoots and division to curb invasiveness. Slow-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub
3–31/2in (7–9cm) long, with recurved lance-shaped leaves, when young, are B. salicifolium, illus. p.276. with open habit. H and S 6ft (2m). Produces
petal tips. Semierect, oblong leaves are covered with white hairs; foliage then B. speciosum. See Telekia speciosa. long, narrow, glossy, bright green leaves.
produced after flowering. Z12–15 H12–10. becomes dark gray-green. Has fragrant, Z9–10 H10–8.
tubular, lavender-purple flowers in late BUPLEURUM
Bryophyllum. See Kalanchoe. summer and early fall. Is often damaged 525
in very severe winters; grow against a UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE
BUDDLEJA wall in cold areas. Z6–9 H9–6. var. alba
has white flowers. Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs,
Butterfly bush B. globosa, illus. p.116. grown for their foliage and flowers. Grows
BUDDLEJACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE B. ‘Lochinch’, illus. p.114. Deciduous, well in coastal gardens. Needs full sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or cuttings in summer.
evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for B. fruticosum, illus. p.139.
their clusters of small, often fragrant
flowers. Requires full sun and fertile,

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C CALANTHE heads of small, rounded, pouch-shaped ‘Fiesta Gitana’ Fiesta Gitana Group
flowers in shades of yellow, orange or red (dwarf), syn. C. officinalis ‘Fiesta Gitana’
CABOMBA ORCHIDACEAE in summer. Z8–9 H6–1. illus. p.325. ‘Geisha Girl’ (tall) illus. p.326.
C. darwinii. See C. uniflora var. darwinii. Pacific Beauty Series ‘Lemon Queen’
CABOMBACEAE See also ORCHIDS. C. fothergillii. Evergreen, clump- (dwarf) illus. p.322. See C. officinalis Fiesta
C. sieboldii. See C. striata. forming, short-lived perennial. H and Gitana Group.
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, C. striata, syn. C. sieboldii, illus. p.275. S 5in (12cm). Has a rosette of rounded,
perennial, submerged water plants with C. vestita, illus. p.466. Deciduous, light green leaves with hairy edges and, CALIBRACHOA
finely divided foliage. Is suitable for terrestrial orchid. H 24in (60cm). In winter in summer, solitary pouch-shaped, sulfur-
aquariums. Prefers partial shade. Propagate bears sprays of many white flowers, 11/2in yellow flowers with crimson spots. Is good SOLANACEAE
by stem cuttings in spring or summer. (4cm) across, each with a large, red-marked for a sheltered rock ledge or trough or in
C. caroliniana (Fanwort, Fish grass, lip. Has broadly oval, ribbed, soft leaves, an alpine house. Needs gritty, rich, acidic Genus of shrubby perennials, once
Washington grass). Deciduous or 12in (30cm) long. In summer requires soil. Is prone to aphid attack. Z8–9 H6–1. included in Petunia, grown for their showy
semievergreen, perennial, submerged partial shade and regular feeding. H11–10. C. integrifolia. Evergreen, upright flowers. Is good as a hanging basket or
water plant. S indefinite. Forms dense, subshrub, usually grown as an annual. container plant. Needs full sun and well-
spreading hummocks of fan-shaped, CALATHEA H to 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
coarsely cut, bright green leaves. Is used bears crowded clusters of pouch-shaped, cuttings in summer or by seed in spring.
as an oxygenating plant in aquariums or MARANTACEAE yellow to red-brown flowers above C. Cabaret Series CABARET APRICOT
ponds. Z6–11 H11–6. oblong to elliptic, mid-green leaves, (‘Balcabapt’) Mound-forming and
Genus of frost-sensitive evergreen sometimes rust-colored beneath. Z8–9 trailing, prolific tender perennial, grown as
Cacalia. See Emilia. perennials, grown for their brightly H6–1. ‘Sunshine’, H and S 8in (20cm), is an annual. H 5in (13cm), S 18in (45cm). Has
colored and patterned leaves. Prefers compact and bushy with bright golden- twiggy stems with narrowly ovate, dark
CAESALPINIA a shaded, humid position, without yellow flowers in late spring and summer. green leaves. Trumpet-shaped flowers,
fluctuations of temperature, in rich, well- C. ‘John Innes’, illus. p.277. 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) across, flecked in apricot,
LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE drained soil. Water with rain- or filtered C. ‘Monarch’. Group of bushy annuals cream and yellow, are borne in summer–
water, sparingly in low temperatures, or biennials. H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval, fall. CABERET LIGHT PINK (‘Balcablitpi’)
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs, but do not allow to dry out completely. lightly hairy, mid-green leaves and, in illus. p.300.
trees and scrambling climbers, grown for Propagate by division in spring. spring-summer, bears heads of large, C. Million Bells Series MILLION BELLS
their foliage and flowers. Needs full sun C. lindeniana. Evergreen, clump-forming rounded, pouch-shaped flowers, 2in (5cm) CHERRY PINK (‘Sunbelrichipi’),
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Lance- long, in a wide range of colors. Z8–9 H6–1. illus. p.306.
by softwood cuttings in summer or by shaped, long-stalked, more or less upright C. pavonii. Robust, evergreen, scandent
seed in fall or spring. leaves, 1ft (30cm) or more long, are dark climber. H 6ft (2m) or more. Has oval, CALLA
C. gilliesii, syn. Poinciana gilliesii, illus. green, with paler green, feathered midribs serrated, soft-haired leaves with winged
p.116. above and marked reddish-purple below. stalks. Pouch-shaped, yellow flowers with ARACEAE
C. pulcherrima, syn. Poinciana Intermittently bears short, erect spikes of brown marks are produced in large trusses
pulcherrima (Barbados pride). Evergreen, 3-petaled, pale yellow flowers. Z14–15 from late summer to winter. Z8–9 H6–1. Genus of one species of deciduous or
erect to spreading shrub or tree. H and S 10– H11–10. C. polyrrhiza, syn. C. acutifolia. Evergreen, semievergreen, perennial, spreading,
20ft (3–6m). Has fernlike leaves composed of C. majestica ‘Roseolineata’, syn. prostrate perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S 6in marginal water plant, grown for its
C. ornata ‘Roseolineata’. Evergreen, clump- (15cm). Has rounded, hairy, mid-green foliage and showy spathes that surround
C many small, mid-green leaflets. In summer forming, stemless perennial. H to 6ft (2m), leaves along flower stem, which bears insignificant flower clusters. Requires a
bears cup-shaped, yellow flowers, 11/4in S to 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly oval, leathery pouch-shaped, purple-spotted, yellow sunny position, in mud or in shallow
(3cm) wide, with very long, red anthers, in leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long, are dark green, flowers in summer. Is good for a shady water to 10in (25cm) deep. Propagate
short, dense, erect racemes. Z9–11 H11–9. with close-set, fine, pink stripes along the rock garden. May also be propagated by by division in spring or by seed in late
lateral veins and reddish-purple below. division in fall or spring. Z8–9 H6–1.
CALADIUM Intermittently bears short, erect spikes of C. tenella, illus. p.371. summer. T Contact with the foliage
3-petaled, white to mauve flowers. Z14–15 C. uniflora var. darwinii, syn.
ARACEAE H11–1. ‘Sanderiana’. See C. sanderiana. C. darwinii. Evergreen, clump-forming, may aggravate skin allergies.
C. makoyana, illus. p.475. short-lived perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 4in C. palustris, illus. p.434.
Genus of perennials with tubers from C. oppenheimiana. See Ctenanthe (10cm). Bears rounded, wrinkled, glossy,
which arise long-stalked, ornamental oppenheimiana. dark green leaves. In late spring, flower CALLIANDRA
leaves. Requires partial shade and moist, C. ornata ‘Roseolineata’. See stems carry pendent, pouch-shaped, yellow
rich soil. After leaves have died down, C. majestica ‘Roseolineata’. flowers with dark brown spots on lower LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE
store tubers in a frost-free, dark place. C. sanderiana, syn. C. majestica lips and central, white bands. Is difficult
Propagate by separating small tubers ‘Sanderiana’, illus. p.472. to grow. Needs a sheltered, sunny site in Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
C. zebrina, illus. p.475. moist, gritty, rich acidic soil. Is prone to scandent semi-climbers, grown for their
when planting in spring. T Contact with attack by aphids. Z8–9 H6–1. flowers and overall appearance. Requires
CALCEOLARIA C. ‘Walter Shrimpton’, illus. p.372. full sun or partial shade and well-drained
all parts may irritate skin, and may cause soil. Water container plants freely when in
mild stomach upset if ingested. Pouch flower, Slipper flower CALENDULA full growth, much less when temperatures
C. bicolor (fancy-leaf caladium). Z15 are low. To restrict growth, cut back stems
H11–4. ‘Candidum’ is a tufted perennial. SCROPHULARIACEAE Marigold by one-half to two-thirds after flowering.
H and S to 36in (90cm). Triangular, green- Propagate by seed sown indoors in spring.
veined, white leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, Genus of annuals, biennials and evergreen COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Whiteflies and mealy bug may be
have arrow-shaped bases and long leaf perennials, subshrubs and scandent troublesome.
stalks. Intermittently bears white spathes; climbers, some of which are grown as Genus of annuals and evergreen shrubs. C. eriophylla, illus. p.453.
small flowers clustered on spadix annuals. Most prefer sun but some like a Grow in sun or partial shade and in any C. haematocephala (Red powder puff) is
sometimes produce whitish berries. ‘John shady, cool site and moist but well-drained well-drained soil. Dead-head regularly to an evergreen, spreading shrub. H 10–20ft
Peed’ has purple stems and waxy, green soil, incorporating sharp sand and prolong flowering. Propagate annuals by (3–6m), S 6–12ft (2–4m). Leaves have 16–24
leaves with metallic orange-red centers and compost, and dislike wet conditions in seed sown outdoors in spring or fall, shrubs leaflets. Flower heads comprising many
scarlet veins. ‘Pink Beauty’ illus. p.470. winter. Propagate by softwood cuttings by stem cuttings in summer. Annuals may white-stamened florets appear from late fall
‘Pink Cloud’ has large, dark green leaves in late spring or summer or by seed in fall. self-seed. Cucumber mosaic virus and to spring. illus. p.454. Z12–15 H11–10.
with mottled pink centers, and pink to C. acutifolia. See C. polyrrhiza. powdery mildew may cause problems.
white areas along the veins. C. Anytime Series. Compact, bushy C. officinalis (English marigold). Fast- CALLIANTHEMUM
annuals or biennials. H 8in (20cm), S 6in growing, bushy annual. Tall cultivars,
526 CALAMAGROSTIS (15cm). Has oval, slightly hairy, mid-green H and S 24in (60cm); dwarf forms, H and RANUNCULACEAE
leaves and, in spring–summer, heads of S 12in (30cm). All have lance-shaped,
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE rounded, pouch-shaped flowers, 2in (5cm) strongly aromatic, pale green leaves. Genus of perennials, grown for their
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES long, in red and yellow shades, including Daisylike, single or double flower heads in daisylike flowers and thick, dissected
and SEDGES. bicolors. Z8–9 H6–1. a wide range of yellow and orange shades leaves. Is excellent for rock gardens
C. brachytricha, illus. p.284. C. arachnoidea, illus. p.341. are produced from spring to fall. Z8–9 and alpine houses. Needs sun and moist
C. ‘Bright Bikinis’. Compact, bushy H6–1. ‘Daisy May’ (dwarf) illus. p.321. but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
Calandrinia megarhiza of gardens. annual or biennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has when fresh.
See Claytonia megarhiza. oval, slightly hairy, mid-green leaves, and C. coriandrifolium, syn. C. rutifolium.
Prostrate perennial with upright flower
stems. H 3in (8cm), S 8in (20cm). Leaves,

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forming open rosettes, are long-stalked, C. speciosus (Albany bottlebrush). and white flowers. ‘Beoley Gold’ (illus. H 10in (25cm), has golden foliage and white
very dissected and blue-green. In spring Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). p.166), S 20in (50cm), has golden foliage flowers. ‘Silver Knight’, H 12in (30cm), is
has short-stemmed, many-petaled, Produces long, narrow, gray-green leaves. and white flowers. ‘Beoley Silver’, of upright habit with gray leaves and
white flowers with yellow centers. Is Cylindrical clusters of bright red flowers H 16in (40cm), has silver foliage and mauve-pink flowers. ‘Silver Queen’,
susceptible to slugs. Z4–7 H7–1. are produced in late spring and early white flowers. ‘Blazeaway’, H 14in H 16in (40cm), S 22in (55cm), is a spreading
C. rutifolium. See C. coriandrifolium. summer. Z10–11 H11–10. (35cm), S 24in (60cm), has gold foliage cultivar with dark mauve-pink flowers. ‘Sir
C. subulatus, illus. p.203. in summer that turns orange, then fiery John Charrington’ has bright-colored
CALLICARPA C. viminalis (Weeping bottlebrush). red in winter. ‘Bonfire Brilliance’, foliage, varying from golden-yellow in
Evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft H 12in (30cm), has bright, flame-colored summer to orange and red in winter, and
Beautyberry (5m). Narrowly oblong, bronze, young foliage and mauve-pink flowers. dark mauve-pink flowers. ‘Sister Anne’,
leaves mature to dark green. Bears clusters ‘Boskoop’, H 12in (30cm), is compact H 6in (15cm), has gray leaves and pale
VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE of bright red flowers in summer. Z9–11 with golden foliage that turns deep orange mauve-pink flowers. ‘Snowball’. See
H11–10. in winter and lilac-pink flowers. ‘County C. vulgaris ‘My Dream’. ‘Spring Cream’
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering Wicklow’, H 12in (30cm), S 14in (35cm), has bright green leaves, which have cream
shrubs, grown for their small but striking, CALLISTEPHUS is compact with double, shell-pink flowers. tips in spring, and white flowers. ‘Spring
clustered fruits. Does best in full sun and ‘Dark Beauty’, H 8in (20cm), S 14in Torch’, H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm), has
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by China aster (35cm), is neat and compact, and bears mauve flowers with cream, orange and red
softwood cuttings in summer. bright, semidouble, crimson flowers. tips in spring. ‘Sunset’, H 10in (25cm), has
C. bodinieri (Bodinier beautyberry). COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ‘Darkness’, H 16in (40cm), S 14in (35cm), brightly colored foliage, changing from
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft is compact with crimson flowers. ‘Dark golden-yellow in spring to orange in
(2.5m). Has oval, dark green leaves. Tiny, Genus of one species of annual. Requires Star’ (illus. p.166), H 8in (20cm), S 14in summer and fiery red in winter; flowers are
star-shaped, lilac flowers in mid-summer sun, a sheltered position and fertile, well- (35cm), has short racemes of semidouble, mauve-pink. ‘Tib’ (illus. p.166), H 12in
are followed by dense clusters of spherical, drained soil. Tall cultivars need support; all deep crimson flowers. ‘Elsie Purnell’ is (30cm), S 16in (40cm), is the earliest
violet fruits. Z5–8 H8–3. var. giraldii illus. should be dead-headed. Propagate by seed a spreading cultivar with grayish-green flowering double cultivar, producing small,
p.141. sown in a cold frame in spring; seed may leaves and double, pale pink flowers. double, deep pink flowers in early summer.
also be sown outdoors in mid-spring. Wilt ‘Finale’ bears dark pink flowers from late ‘White Lawn’, H 4in (10cm), is a creeping
CALLISIA disease, viruses, root rot and aphids may fall to early winter. ‘Firefly’, H 20in (50cm), cultivar with bright green foliage and white
be a problem. with deep mauve flowers, has foliage that flowers on long stems; is suitable for a rock
COMMELINACEAE C. chinensis. Moderately fast-growing, is terra-cotta in summer, brick-red in garden. ‘Wickwar Flame’ (illus. p.166) is
erect, bushy annual. Tall cultivars, H 24in winter. ‘Foxii Nana’, H 6in (15cm), forms primarily a foliage plant with leaves in
Genus of evergreen, prostrate perennials, (60cm), S 18in (45cm); intermediate, H 18in low mounds of bright green foliage and shades of yellow, orange and flame that are
grown for their ornamental foliage and (45cm), S 12in (30cm); dwarf, H 10–12in produces a few mauve-pink flowers. ‘Fred particularly effective in winter; flowers are
trailing habit. Grow in full light, but out of (25–30cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm); very dwarf, J. Chapple’ has bright pink- and coral- mauve-pink.
direct sunlight, in fertile, well-drained soil. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). All have oval, tipped foliage in spring; mauve-pink
Propagate by tip cuttings in spring, either toothed, mid-green leaves and flower in flowers are borne on long stems. ‘Golden CALOCEDRUS C
annually or when plants become straggly. summer and early fall. Different forms are Feather’ has bright yellow foliage, turning
C. navicularis, syn. Tradescantia available in a wide color range, including orange in winter, and mauve-pink flowers. CUPRESSACEAE
navicularis. Evergreen, low-growing pink, red, blue and white. H9–1. Duchesse ‘Gold Haze’ has bright golden foliage and See also CONIFERS.
perennial with creeping, rooting shoots. Series (tall) has incurved, chrysanthemum- white flowers. ‘Hammondii Aureifolia’, C. decurrens, syn. Libocedrus decurrens,
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S indefinite. Has 2 rows like flower heads. Milady Super Series H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm), has white illus. p.101.
of oval, keeled leaves, 1in (2.5cm) long, (dwarf) has incurved, fully double flower flowers. Foliage is light green, tipped
sheathing the stem, and stalkless clusters heads available either in mixed or single yellow in spring and early summer. ‘H.E. Calocephalus brownii. See
of small, 3-petaled, pinkish-purple flowers colors, illus. p.304, p.312. Ostrich Plume Beale’, H 20in (50cm), is one of the best Leucophyta brownii.
in leaf axils in summer–fall. Z6–8 H8–6. Series (tall) illus. p.303. Pompon Series double-flowered heathers, with pale pink
C. repens. Evergreen, creeping (tall) has small, double flower heads. flowers on long stems. ‘J.H. Hamilton’, CALOCHONE
perennial with rooting stems. H 4in Princess Series (tall) has double flower H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm), is compact with
(10cm), S indefinite. Has densely packed heads with quilled petals. double, salmon-pink flowers. ‘Joy RUBIACEAE
leaves, sometimes white-banded and Vanstone’ has golden foliage, turning to
often purplish beneath. Rarely, has CALLUNA orange and bronze, and mauve-pink Genus of evergreen, scrambling climbers,
inconspicuous, white flowers in winter. flowers. ‘Kerstin’, H 12in (30cm), grown for their flowers. Needs full light
Z14–15 H11–10. ERICACEAE produces mauve flowers and has downy, and rich, well-drained soil. Water regularly,
deep lilac-gray foliage in winter, tipped less in cold weather. Needs tying to a
CALLISTEMON See also HEATHERS. pale yellow and red in spring. support. Thin out stems after flowering.
C. vulgaris. Evergreen, bushy shrub. ‘Kinlochruel’, H 12in (30cm), S 14in Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Bottlebrush H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Slightly (35cm), bears an abundance of large, C. redingii. Moderately vigorous,
fleshy, linear leaves, in opposite and double, white flowers. ‘Loch Turret’, evergreen, scrambling climber. H 10–15ft
MYRTACEAE overlapping pairs, may range in color from H 12in (30cm), has emerald-green foliage (3–5m). Has oval, pointed, hairy leaves,
bright green to many shades of gray, and produces white flowers in early 3–5in (7–12cm) long. Trusses of primrose-
Genus of evergreen shrubs, usually yellow, orange and red. Spikes of bell- to summer. ‘Mair’s Variety’, an old cultivar, shaped, red to orange-pink flowers are
with narrow, pointed leaves, grown for urn-shaped, single or double flowers are has white flowers on long spikes. produced in winter. Z14–15 H11–10.
their clustered flowers, which, with their produced from mid-summer to late fall. ‘Marleen’ is unusual in that its long-
profusion of long stamens, resemble Unlike Erica, most of the flower color lasting, dark mauve flower buds, borne CALOCHORTUS 527
bottlebrushes. Where marginally hardy, derives from the sepals. The following from early to late fall, do not open fully.
grow against a south- or west-facing wall cultivars are H 18in (45cm), have mid-green ‘Mullion’, H 10in (25cm), S 20in (50cm), is Cat’s ears, Fairy lanterns, Mariposa
or in a cool greenhouse. Requires full sun leaves and bear single flowers in late a spreading cultivar with rich mauve-pink lilies
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by summer and early fall, unless otherwise flowers. ‘Multicolor’, H 8in (20cm 8in), is
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in stated. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Alba Plena’, H 12–18in compact with foliage in shades of yellow, LILIACEAE
fall or spring. (30–45cm), bears double, white flowers. orange, red and green year-round; flowers
C. citrinus ‘Splendens’, illus. p.203. ‘Alexandra’, H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm), are mauve-pink. ‘My Dream’, syn. C. Genus of bulbs, grown for their spring and
C. pallidus, illus. p.139. has an upright habit, dark green foliage, vulgaris ‘Snowball’, H 20in (50cm), summer flowers. Needs a sheltered, sunny
C. paludosus. See C. sieberi. and deep crimson buds until early winter. produces double, white flowers that are site and well-drained soil. In cold, damp
C. pityoides. Evergreen, compact, upright ‘Alicia’, H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm), has borne on long, tapering stems. ‘Peter climates, cover or lift spring-flowering
shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Fully hardy. white buds until early winter, and a neat, Sparkes’ (illus. p.166), H 20in (50cm), species when dormant, or grow in cold
Is densely covered with sharply pointed compact habit. ‘Allegro’, H 24in (60cm), S 22in (55cm), bears double, deep pink frames or cool greenhouses. After flowering,
dark green leaves, and has short spikes of is compact in habit and produces purple- flowers. ‘Robert Chapman’ is a remove bulbils for propagation. Propagate
yellow flowers in mid- and late summer. red flowers. ‘Alportii’, H 24–36in (60– spreading cultivar and grown mainly for its by seed or bulbils: spring-flowering species
Z12–15 H11–10. 90cm), has purple-red flowers. ‘Anette’, foliage, which is golden-yellow in summer, in fall, summer-flowering species in spring.
C. rigidus, illus. p.137. H 14in (35cm), S 16in (40cm), has clear turning orange and brilliant red in winter; C. albus (Fairy lantern). Spring-flowering
C. sieberi, syn. C. paludosus. Evergreen, pink buds until early winter. ‘Annemarie’ flowers are mauve-pink. ‘Ruth Sparkes’, bulb. H 8–20in (20–50cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm).
bushy, dense shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). (illus. p.166), H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm), Has long, narrow, erect, gray-green leaves
Has short, narrowly lance-shaped, rigid, has double, rose-pink flowers, ideal for near the base of the loosely branched stem.
mid-green leaves and, from mid- to late cutting. ‘Anthony Davis’ has gray leaves Each branch bears a pendent, globose,
summer, small clusters of pale yellow white or pink flower. Z6–10 H10–6.
flowers. Z10–11 H11–10.

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C. barbatus, syn. Cyclobothra lutea, illus. sunny situation and well-drained soil. Lies CALYPSO In mid-spring has large, flame-red flowers,
p.412. dormant in winter. Propagate in early often semidouble, peony- and anemone-
C. luteus, illus. p.406. spring by seed or division before growth ORCHIDACEAE form on the same plant. Leaves are large,
C. monophyllus. Summer-flowering bulb. starts. oval and dark green. Z7–8 H8–7.
H 3–8in (8–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has an erect, C. neriniflorum, syn. Nothoscordum See also ORCHIDS. C. ‘Francie L.’. Vigorous shrub with long,
branched stem with 1–3 slender leaves and neriniflorum. Clump-forming bulb. C. bulbosa. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. fan-shaped branches. H 15ft (5m), S 20ft
1 long, narrow basal leaf. Bears cup- H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). H 2–8in (5–20cm). Cormlike stem produces (6m). Leaves are lance-shaped and dark
shaped, deep yellow flowers, often with a Threadlike, semierect, basal leaves die a single, oval, pleated leaf, 11/4–4in (3–10cm) green, 21/2–4in (6–10cm) long. Has large,
reddish mark on the claws. Petals are down at flowering time. Each leafless long. Purplish-pink flowers, 5/8–3/4in (1.5– semidouble, salmon-red to deep rose-red
fringed and densely bearded. Z7–10 H9–6. stem produces a loose head of 10–20 2cm) long, with hairy, purple-blotched, flowers from late winter to late spring.
C. splendens. Late spring-flowering bulb. small, funnel-shaped, pinkish-red white or pale pink lips, are produced singly Z7–8 H8–7.
H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Bears flowers in late summer. Z5–10 H10–5. in late spring or early summer. Requires a C. ‘Freedom Bell’, illus. p.121.
1 or 2 linear, erect leaves near base of damp, partially shaded position with a Evergreen, dense, rounded shrub. H and
branched stem and 1–4 upward-facing, CALOTHAMNUS mulch of leaf mold. Z6–9 H9–6. S 7ft (2.2m). Has masses of semidouble,
saucer-shaped, pale purple flowers, 2–3in bright red flowers, from late winter to early
(5–7cm) across, with a darker blotch at the MYRTACEAE CAMASSIA spring, and ovate, glossy, rich green leaves.
base of each of the 3 large petals. Z8–10 Z7–8 H8–7.
H9–6. Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering Camass C. granthamiana. Evergreen, open
C. superbus, illus. p.409. shrubs, grown for their flowers and overall shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Oval,
C. venustus, illus. p.399. appearance. Thrives in a dryish, airy LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE leathery leaves are crinkly and glossy, deep
C. vestae. Late spring-flowering bulb. environment. Requires full sun and well- green. In late fall bears large, saucer-
H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Is drained, sandy soil. Water container plants Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, suitable shaped, single, white flowers, to 7in (18cm)
similar to C. splendens, but flowers are moderately when in full growth, less at for borders and pond margins. Requires across, with up to 8 broad petals. Z7–8
white or purple, with a rust-brown mark other times. Propagate by seed or semiripe sun or partial shade and deep, moist soil. H8–7.
near the base of each of the 3 large petals. cuttings in summer. Plant bulbs in fall, 4in (10cm) deep. Lies C. hiemalis. Evergreen, upright, bushy
Z5–10 H10–5. C. quadrifidus (Common net bush). dormant in fall–winter. Propagate by seed shrub. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has
C. weedii. Summer-flowering bulb. Erect to spreading, evergreen shrub. in fall or by division in late summer. If seed small, lance-shaped leaves and fragrant,
H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Has H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 6–15ft (2–5m). Has is not required, cut off stems after single, cup-shaped, semi- or irregular
a linear, erect leaf near base of stem. linear, grayish to dark green or gray flowering. double, white, pink or red flowers borne in
Produces usually 2 upright, saucer-shaped, leaves. Irregular, axillary, one-sided C. esculenta. See C. quamash. late fall and winter. Is good for hedging.
orange-yellow flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) spikes of rich red, feathery flowers, 1in C. leichtlinii, illus. p.383. ‘Semiplena’ is Z7–8 H8–7.
across, with brown lines and flecks and (2.5cm) long, are produced from late a tuft-forming, summer-flowering bulb. C. hongkongensis. Evergreen, bushy
hairy inside. Z7–10 H9–6. spring to fall, often forming clusters, H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has shrub or tree. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
8in (20cm) or more across, around the long, narrow, erect, basal leaves. Each Lance-shaped leaves, 4in (10cm) long, are
CALODENDRUM stems. Z12–15 H11–10. leafless stem bears a dense spike of dark red when young, maturing to dark
narrow-petaled, double, creamy-white green. Bears cup-shaped, single, deep
RUTACEAE CALTHA flowers, 11/2–3in (4–8cm) across. crimson flowers, velvety beneath, in late
C. quamash, syn. C. esculenta, illus. p.411. spring. Z7–8 H8–7.
Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their RANUNCULACEAE C. ‘Innovation’. Evergreen, open,
flowers, which are produced mainly in CAMELLIA spreading shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal Has large, oval, leathery leaves and, in
C spring-summer. Needs full light and fertile, water plants, bog plants and rock garden THEACEAE spring, produces large, peony-form,
moist but well-drained soil. Water plants, grown for their flowers. Most prefer lavender-shaded, wine-red flowers with
container specimens freely when in full an open, sunny position. Smaller-growing Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, twisted petals. Z7–8 H8–7.
growth, less at other times. Tolerates some species are suitable for rock gardens, grown for their flowers and foliage. C. ‘Inspiration’, illus. p.121. Evergreen,
pruning. Propagate by seed in spring or by troughs and alpine houses and require Flowers are classified according to the upright shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m).
semiripe cuttings in summer. moist but well-drained soil; larger species following types: single, semidouble, Leaves are oval and leathery. Saucer-
C. capense (Cape chestnut). Fairly fast- are best in marginal conditions. Propagate anemone-form, peony-form, rose-form, shaped, semidouble, phlox-pink flowers are
growing, evergreen, rounded tree. H and species by seed in fall or by division in fall formal double and irregular double. See freely produced in spring. Z7–8 H8–7.
S to 50ft (15m) or more. Has oval leaves or early spring, selected forms by division feature panel pp.124–5 for illustrations and C. japonica (Japanese camellia).
patterned with translucent dots. Terminal in fall or early spring. descriptions. Grows well against walls and Evergreen shrub or small tree that is very
panicles of 5-petaled, light pink to deep C. leptosepala, illus. p.435. in containers. Most forms prefer a variable in habit, foliage and floral form.
mauve flowers are produced from spring C. palustris, illus. p.444. var. alba, syn. sheltered position and semi-shade. Well- H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Numerous
to early summer. Z12–15 H12–10. C. palustris ‘Alba’ is a compact, deciduous, drained, neutral to acidic soil is essential. cultivars are available; they are spring-
perennial, marginal water plant. H 9in Prune to shape after flowering. Propagate flowering unless otherwise stated. Z7–8
CALOMERIA (22cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, glossy, by semiripe or hardwood cuttings from H8–7. ‘Adolphe Audusson’ (illus. p.121)
dark green leaves, and bears solitary, white mid-summer to early winter or by grafting is a very reliable, old cultivar that is suitable
SYN. HUMEA flowers, with yellow stamens, in early in late winter or early spring. Aphids, for all areas and will withstand lower
spring, often before the foliage develops. thrips and scale insects may cause temperatures than most other variants.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ‘Alba’. See C. palustris var. alba. ‘Flore problems under glass. Produces large, saucer-shaped, semidouble,
Pleno’. See C. palustris ‘Plena’. ‘Plena’, C. ‘Black Lace’, illus. p.121. Slow- dark red flowers with prominent, yellow
Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs. syn. C. palustris ‘Flore Pleno’, illus. p.444. growing, dense, upright shrub. H 5–8ft stamens. Leaves are broadly lance-shaped
Only C. amaranthoides is cultivated, usually (1.5–2.5m), S 3–8ft (1–2.5m). Has ovate, dark and dark green. ‘Alba Plena’ (illus. p.120)
as a biennial. Needs sun and fertile, well- CALYCANTHUS green leaves, 3in (8cm) long, and large, has an erect habit with elliptic, mid-green
drained soil. Propagate by seed sown in a formal double, deep velvet-red flowers leaves and large, formal double, white
cold frame in mid-summer. CALYCANTHACEAE from early to late spring. Z7–8 H8–7. flowers. ‘Alba Simplex’ is bushy in habit
C. amaranthoides, syn. C. elegans C. chrysantha. See C. nitidissima. with broadly lance-shaped, mid-to yellow-
(Incense plant). Erect, branching biennial. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering C. ‘Cornish Snow’, illus. p.120. Fast- green leaves and cup-shaped, single, white
H to 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (90cm). Has lance- shrubs, grown for their purplish- or growing, evergreen, upright, bushy shrub. flowers in early spring. ‘Alexander
shaped leaves and heads of tiny, pink, brownish-red flowers with strap-shaped H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped Hunter’, an upright, compact shrub, has
brownish-red or crimson flowers, with a petals. Requires sun or light shade and leaves, bronze when young, maturing to flattish, single, deep crimson flowers, with
strong fragrance of incense, in summer– fertile, deep, moist but well-drained soil. dark green. In early spring bears a some petaloids, and lance-shaped, dark
fall. Z12–15 H11–10. Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer profusion of small, cup-shaped, single, green leaves. ‘Althaeiflora’ has a
C. elegans. See C. amaranthoides. or by seed in fall. white flowers. Z7–8 H8–7. vigorous, bushy habit, large, peony-form,
C. floridus (Allspice, Sweetshrub). C. cuspidata. Evergreen, upright shrub dark red flowers and broadly oval, very
Calonyction aculeatum. See Ipomoea Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). becoming bushy with age. H 10ft (3m), S 5ft dark green leaves. ‘Apollo’, syn. C.
alba. Has oval, aromatic, dark green leaves and, (1.5m). Has small, lance-shaped leaves, japonica ‘Paul’s Apollo’ is a vigorous,
from early to mid-summer, fragrant, bronze when young, maturing to purplish- branching shrub that produces semidouble,
528 CALOSCORDUM brown-red flowers with masses of green. Small, cup-shaped, single, pure red flowers sometimes blotched with white.
spreading petals. Z5–9 H9–1. white flowers are freely produced from leaf
LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE C. occidentalis, illus. p.137. axils in early spring. Z7–8 H8–7.
C. ‘Dr. Clifford Parks’. Evergreen,
Genus of one species of summer-flowering spreading shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m).
bulb, related and similar to Allium. Is
suitable for rock gardens. Needs an open,

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Leaves are glossy, dark green. ‘Berenice red flowers, often white-marbled. Has central petals. ‘Mandalay Queen’ has leaves. Large, peony-form, deep rose-pink C
Boddy’ is a vigorous shrub that bears lance-shaped, dark green leaves. large, semidouble, deep rose-pink flowers. blooms are freely produced in spring. Z7–9
semidouble, light pink flowers amid lance- ‘Mathotiana’ illus. p.137. ‘Mrs. D.W. ‘Robert Fortune’. See C. reticulata H9–7. ‘Bow Bells’, H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m),
shaped, dark green leaves. ‘Betty Davis’ is a dense, spreading cultivar that ‘Songzilin’. ‘Songzilin’, syn. C. reticulata has a spreading habit with small, mid-
Sheffield Supreme’ is upright in habit bears very large, pendulous, cup-shaped, ‘Robert Fortune’ is upright and has large, green leaves and, in early spring, masses
with lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. semidouble, delicate pink flowers that are formal double, deep red flowers. of cup-shaped, single, rose-pink flowers
Irregular double flowers have white petals backed by oval to lance-shaped, dark green C. rosiflora. Evergreen, spreading shrub. with deeper pink centers and veins.
bordered with shades of rose-pink. ‘Bob’s leaves. ‘Nobilissima’ (illus. p.120) has a H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are oval and dark ‘Brigadoon’ is a bushy shrub, bearing
Tinsie’ (illus. p.121) has a dense, upright semierect habit, elliptic, dark green leaves green. In spring bears small, saucer-shaped, semidouble, rose-pink flowers with broad,
habit, and bears miniature, anemone-form, and peony-form, lemon-tinted, white single, rose-pink flowers. Z7–8 H8–7. down-curving petals. ‘Debbie’ (illus. p.121)
brilliant red flowers from early to late flowers in late winter and early spring. C. saluenensis. Fast-growing, evergreen, bears large, peony-form, rose-pink flowers.
spring. ‘Brushfield’s Yellow’ (illus. p.121) ‘Paul’s Apollo’. See C. japonica ‘Apollo’. bushy shrub. H to 12ft (4m), S to 8ft (2.5m). Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Donation’ (illus. p.121) is a
has an erect, compact habit, elliptic, dark ‘R.L. Wheeler’ has robust, upright Has lance-shaped, stiff, dull green leaves. compact, upright plant that is very
green leaves and anemone-form, cream growth; large, broadly oval, leathery, very Cup-shaped, single, white to rose-red floriferous, with large, cup-shaped,
flowers, each with a pale yellow center. dark green leaves and very large, flattish, flowers are freely produced in early spring. semidouble, pink flowers. Z7–8 H8–7.
‘Coquettii’, syn. C. japonica ‘Glen 40’ is a anemone-form to semidouble, rose-pink Some forms may withstand lower ‘Dream Boat’ has a spreading habit, and
slow-growing, erect shrub. In early and flowers, with distinctive rings of golden temperatures. Z7–8 H8–7. bears medium, formal double, pale
mid-spring bears profuse, medium to large, stamens, often including some petaloids. C. sasanqua (Sasanqua camellia). Fast- purplish-pink flowers, with incurved petals,
deep red flowers, sometimes formal ‘Rubescens Major’ is an upright cultivar, growing, evergreen, dense, upright shrub. in mid-spring. ‘E.G. Waterhouse’ (illus.
double, sometimes peony-form. Z7–9 H9–7. becoming bushy with age, with oval to H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped, p.122) is an upright, free-flowering cultivar
‘Donckelaeri’. See C. japonica lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Bears glossy, bright green leaves. In fall bears a bearing formal double, pink flowers among
‘Masayoshi’. ‘Elegans’ has a spreading formal double, crimson-veined, rose-red profusion of fragrant, flattish to cup- pale green foliage. ‘Elizabeth de
habit and anemone-form, deep rose-pink flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Sieboldii’. See C. shaped, single, rarely semidouble, white Rothschild’ is vigorous and upright;
flowers with central petaloids often japonica ‘Tricolor’. ‘Tomorrow’s Dawn’ flowers; they may occasionally be pink or cup-shaped, semidouble, rose-pink flowers
variegated white. Leaves are broadly lance- is similar to ‘Tomorrow Park Hill’, but red. Does best in a hot, sunny site. Z7–8 are produced among glossy foliage. ‘Elsie
shaped and dark green. ‘Glen 40’. See produces pale pink flowers, each with a H8–7. ‘Hugh Evans’ is vigorous and has Jury’ has glossy, deep green leaves and
C. japonica ‘Coquettii’. ‘Gloire de Nantes’ white border and frequently red-streaked. an upright habit, so can be trained against large, full peony-form, clear pink flowers.
is an upright shrub, becoming bushy with ‘Tomorrow Park Hill’, one of the best of a wall, and bears single, pale pink flowers ‘Francis Hanger’ has an upright habit
age, that bears flattish to cup-shaped, many mutations of ‘Tomorrow’, is of in winter. ‘Jean May’ produces and bears single, white flowers with gold
semidouble, bright rose-pink flowers over vigorous, upright habit. Has lance-shaped, large,  peony-form to double, pale pink stamens. ‘George Blandford’ is
a long period. Has oval to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and bears irregular flowers, from winter to early spring. spreading and bears semidouble, bright
glossy, dark green leaves. ‘Guilio Nuccio’ double flowers with deep pink, outer petals ‘Narumigata’ has large, cup-shaped, crimson-pink flowers in early spring.
is an upright, free-flowering cultivar that gradually fading to soft pink centers that single, white flowers, sometimes pink- ‘Golden Spangles’ is a cup-shaped,
spreads with age. Produces large, cup- are often variegated with white. ‘Tricolor’, flushed. ‘Shishigashira’ has small, single, deep pink cultivar with unusual,
shaped, semidouble, rose-red flowers with syn. C. japonica ‘Sieboldii’ (illus. p.121) has semidouble to rose-form, double, pinkish- variegated foliage, yellowish in centers of
wavy petals and often a confused center of bright green, crinkled, holly-like leaves, red flowers. leaves with dark green margins. ‘J.C.
petaloids and golden stamens. Dark green and bears medium, single or semidouble, C. ‘Satan’s Robe’. Vigorous, erect shrub. Williams’ (illus. p.121) is of pendulous
leaves are lance-shaped and occasionally red flowers, striped pink and white, in early H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves habit when mature and bears cup-shaped,
have “fishtail” tips. ‘Hagoromo’, syn. spring. are broadly elliptic, glossy and dark green, single, pink flowers from early winter to
C. japonica ‘Magnoliiflora’ (illus. p.120) has C. ‘Leonard Messel’, illus. p.121. 5–6in (12–16cm) long. From early to late late spring. Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Joan Trehane’
a bushy habit and flattish to cup-shaped, Evergreen, open shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft spring produces large, semidouble, bright has strong, upright growth and large,
semidouble, blush-pink flowers. Twisted, (2.5m). Has large, oval, leathery, dark green carmine-red flowers, with yellow stamens. rose-form, double, rose-pink flowers.
light green leaves point downward. ‘Janet leaves. In spring bears a profusion of large, Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Jury’s Yellow’ (illus. p.121) is narrow
Waterhouse’ (illus. p.120) is strong- flattish to cup-shaped, semidouble, rose- C. ‘Shiro-wabisuke’. Slow-growing, and erect, bearing medium, anemone-
growing and has semidouble, white pink flowers. Z7–8 H8–7. compact shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). form, white flowers, with centers of yellow
flowers with golden anthers borne amid C. x maliflora. Evergreen, upright, bushy Has narrow, mid-green leaves. From mid- petaloids. Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Ruby Wedding’
dark green foliage. ‘Julia Drayton’ has an shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has small, winter to early spring produces small, produces anemone to peony-form, vivid
upright habit and large, crimson flowers lance-shaped, thin-textured, light green single, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z7–8 red flowers, which are sometimes specked
varying from formal double to rose-form. leaves and, in spring, produces flattish to H8–7. white in the center. ‘Saint Ewe’ has
Dark green leaves are oval to lance-shaped cup-shaped, semidouble, pale pink- or C. ‘Spring Festival’, illus. p.121. glossy, light green foliage and funnel-
and slightly twisted. ‘Jupiter’ is an upright white-centered flowers with rose-pink Evergreen, upright shrub. H 6–13ft (2–4m), shaped, single, deep pink flowers. ‘Water
shrub that bears lance-shaped, dark green margins. Z7–8 H8–7. S 2–6ft (0.6–2m). Has elliptic, dark green Lily’ (illus. p.121) is an upright, compact
leaves and large, saucer-shaped, single, C. nitidissima, syn. C. chrysantha. Fast- leaves. Miniature, formal double, pink cultivar with dark green leaves and bears
pinkish-red flowers with golden stamens. growing, evergreen, open shrub or tree. flowers, maturing to pale pink, are formal double, mid-pink flowers with
‘Kumasaka’, syn. C. japonica ‘Lady H 20ft (6m) or more, S 10ft (3m). Has large, produced in mid-spring. Z7–8 H8–7. incurving petals in mid- to late spring.
Marion’ has an upright habit with narrowly oval, leathery, veined leaves. Small, stalked, C. tsaii. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 12ft Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Wilber Foss’ is rounded
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Produces cup-shaped, single, clear yellow flowers are (4m), S 10ft (3m). Small, lance-shaped, light with dark green foliage and large, broad,
formal double, or occasionally peony-form, produced from leaf axils in spring. Z7–8 green leaves turn bronze with age. Small, peony-form, brilliant pink-red flowers.
deep rose-pink flowers. ‘Lady Marion’. H8–7. cup-shaped, single, white flowers are freely
See C. japonica ‘Kumasaka’. ‘Lady C. oleifera (Tea-oil camellia). Evergreen, produced in spring. Z7–8 H8–7. CAMPANULA 529
Vansittart’ is upright, with unusual, holly- bushy shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Leaves C. x vernalis. Fast-growing, evergreen,
like, twisted, mid-green foliage. Saucer- are oval and dull green. Has cup-shaped, upright shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bellflower
shaped, semidouble, white flowers are single, sometimes pinkish, white flowers in Has lance-shaped, bright green leaves and,
flushed rose-pink; flower color is variable early spring. Z6–9 H9–5. in late winter, fragrant, flattish to cup- CAMPANULACEAE
and often self-colored mutations appear. C. reticulata. Evergreen, open, treelike shaped, single, white, pink or red flowers.
‘Lavinia Maggi’ (illus. p.121) has an shrub. H 30ft (10m) or more, S 15ft (5m). Some forms produce irregular double Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
upright habit and formal double, white Has large, oval, leathery leaves; large, flowers. Z7–8 H8–7. annuals, biennials and perennials, some of
flowers striped with pink and carmine. saucer-shaped, single, rose-pink and C. ‘William Hertrich’. Strong-growing, which are evergreen. Grows in sun or
Sometimes sports red flowers. salmon-red flowers are borne in spring. evergreen, open shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft shade, but delicate flower colors are
‘Magnoliiflora’. See C. japonica Needs shelter. Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Arch of (3m). Is free-flowering with large, flattish to preserved best in shade. Most forms thrive
‘Hagoromo’. ‘Margaret Davis’ (illus. Triumph’ bears very large, loose peony- cup-shaped, semidouble blooms of a bright in moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
p.121) is a spreading cultivar, with oval to form, orange-tinted, crimson-pink flowers. cherry-red in spring. Petal formation is softwood or basal cuttings in summer or by
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Has ‘Butterfly Wings’. See C. reticulata very irregular, and petals often form a seed or division in fall or spring. Is prone
irregular double blooms with ruffled, ‘Houye Diechi’. ‘Captain Rawes’ (illus. confused center with only a few golden to slug attack, and rust may be a problem
creamy-white petals, often lined with pink. p.121) has a profusion of large, semidouble, stamens. Leaves are large, oval and deep in fall.
Edges of each petal are bright rose-red. carmine-rose blooms. ‘Houye Diechi’, green. Z7–8 H8–7. C. alliariifolia, illus. p.241. Mound-
‘Masayoshi’, syn. C. japonica syn. C. reticulata ‘Butterfly Wings’ C. x williamsii. ‘Anticipation’ Robust, forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in
‘Donckelaeri’ is slow-growing, bushy and produces very large, flattish to cup-shaped, evergreen, upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), (50cm). Has heart-shaped leaves, above
pendulous with saucer-shaped, semidouble, semidouble, rose-pink flowers with wavy, S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped, dark green which rise nodding, bell-shaped, creamy-
white flowers borne along arching, wiry
stems throughout summer. Z3–7 H7–1.

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C C. armena, syn. Symphyandra armena. C. ‘Kent Belle’. Sturdy, spreading but alkaline soil that is not too dry. Slugs may C. radicans, syn. Bignonia radicans.
Upright or spreading perennial. H 1–2ft clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), prove troublesome. Z5–7 H7–5. Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
530 (30–60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Produces panicles S 18in (45cm) or more. Has rounded, C. punctata (Spotted bellflower). Vigorous, root climber. H to 40ft (12m). Leaves of
of upright, bell-shaped, blue or white toothed, glossy, mid-green leaves. In clump-forming but spreading perennial. 7–11 oval, toothed leaflets are downy
flowers in summer. Leaves are oval, summer produces large, pendent, bell- H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm) or more. Has beneath. Small clusters of trumpet-shaped,
irregularly toothed, hairy and mid-green. shaped, violet-blue flowers. Z5–9 H9–5. heart-shaped, light green, basal leaves. In orange, scarlet or yellow flowers, 21/2–3in
Z7–9 H9–7. C. lactiflora (Milky bellflower). Upright, summer, tall flowering stems bear sprays (6–8cm) long, are borne in late summer and
C. barbata, illus. p.342. branching perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft of pendent, tubular, dusky-pink flushed, early fall. Z5–9 H9–3. ‘Flamenco’ illus.
C. betulifolia. Prostrate, slender-stemmed (60cm). In summer, slender stems bear creamy-white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Alina’s p.208. f. flava, syn. C. radicans ‘Yellow
perennial. H 3/4in (2cm), S 12in (30cm). In racemes of large, nodding, bell-shaped, Double’, H 12in (30cm), has large, hose-in- Trumpet’ illus. p.206. ‘Indian Summer’
summer, long, branching flower stems each blue, occasionally pink or white flowers. hose, double, rich pink flowers. ‘Cherry illus. p.193. ‘Yellow Trumpet’. See C.
bear a cluster of open bell-shaped, single, Leaves are narrowly oval. Needs staking Bells’ (illus. p.241), H 20in (50cm), bears radicans f. flava.
white to pink flowers, deep pink outside. on a windy site. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Loddon cream-tipped, rose-pink flowers. ‘Wine ’n’ C. x tagliabuana ‘Madame Galen’, illus.
Leaves are wedge-shaped. Z5–8 H8–5. Anna’ (illus. p.241) has soft dusty-pink Rubies’, H 12in (30cm), has dark green p.208.
C. ‘Birch Hybrid’, illus. p.368. flowers. ‘Prichard’s Variety’ (illus. p.241) leaves and bears large, rich purple-red
C. x burghaltii. See C. ‘Burghaltii’. has violet-blue flowers from early summer flowers, with heavily speckled interiors, CANARINA
C. ‘Burghaltii’, syn. C. x burghaltii. to late fall in mid-summer.
Mound-forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), C. latifolia (Great bellflower). ‘Amethyst’ C. ‘Purple Sensation’. Clump-forming CAMPANULACEAE
S 12in (30cm). Leaves are oval, soft and Clump-forming, spreading perennial. perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm) or
leathery. Produces long, pendent, funnel- H 36–39in (90–100cm), S 24in (60cm). more. Has oval, dark green leaves. Pendent, Genus of herbaceous, tuberous, scrambling
shaped, pale lavender flowers on erect, Strong stems are clothed with large, tubular, deep violet-black flowers are climbers, grown for their flowers. Grow in
wiry stems in summer. May need staking. open bell-shaped, pastel amethyst-blue produced in summer. Z5–9 H8–1. full light and in any fertile, well-drained
Z4–8 H8–1. flowers in summer. Oval, toothed leaves C. pusilla. See C. cochleariifolia. soil. Water moderately from early fall to
C. carpatica (Carpathian harebell). Clump- are rough-textured. ‘Brantwood’ has C. pyramidalis (Chimney bellflower). late spring, then keep dry. Needs tying to a
forming perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S to violet-purple flowers. Erect, branching biennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft support. Remove dead stems when
12in (30cm). Leafy, branching stems bear C. latiloba. Rosette-forming perennial. (60cm). Produces long racemes of star- dormant. Propagate by basal cuttings or
rounded to oval, toothed leaves and, in H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Leaves are oval. shaped, blue or white flowers in summer. seed sown in spring or fall.
summer, broadly bell-shaped, blue or white Widely cup-shaped flowers, in shades of Leaves are heart-shaped. Needs staking. C. campanula. See C. canariensis.
flowers. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Bressingham blue, occasionally white, are borne in Z6–8 H8–6. C. canariensis, syn. C. campanula, illus.
White’ illus. p.360. ‘Jewel’ illus. p.367. summer. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Hidcote Amethyst’ C. raineri. Perennial that spreads by p.464.
‘Turbinata’, syn. C. carpatica var. has large, vivid violet-blue flowers with underground runners. H 11/2in (4cm), S 3in
turbinata has pale lavender flowers. var. purple highlights. ‘Percy Piper’ has (8cm). Leaves are oval, toothed and gray- Candollea. See Hibbertia.
turbinata. See C. carpatica ‘Turbinata’. lavender flowers. green. Flower stems each bear a large,
C. cochleariifolia, syn. C. pusilla, illus. C. medium (Canterbury bell). Slow- upturned, bell-shaped, pale lavender flower CANNA
p.369. growing, evergreen, erect, clump-forming in summer. Is suitable for an alpine house or
C. ‘G.F. Wilson’, illus. p.368. biennial. Tall cultivars, H 3ft (1m), S 1ft trough that is protected from winter CANNACEAE
C. garganica. Spreading perennial. H 2in (30cm); dwarf, H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). moisture. Requires partial shade. Z5–7 H7–5.
(5cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, ivy-shaped All have lance-shaped, toothed, fresh green C. takesimana (Korean bellflower), illus. Genus of robust, showy, rhizomatous
leaves along stems. Bears clusters of star- leaves. Bell-shaped, single or double p.241. Vigorous, spreading perennial. perennials, grown for their striking flowers
shaped, single, pale lavender flowers from flowers, white or in shades of blue and H 30in (75cm), S 39in (100cm). Forms and ornamental foliage. Is generally used
leaf axils in summer. Makes an excellent pink, are produced in spring and early rosettes of heart-shaped, glossy, mid-green for summer-bedding displays and in
plant for a wall or slope. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘W.H. summer. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Bells of Holland’ leaves. In summer and fall, flowering stems containers. Requires a warm, sunny position
Paine’ has bright lavender-blue flowers, illus. p.313. bear pendent, tubular to bell-shaped, ivory- and rich, moist soil. If grown for summer
each with a white eye. C. morettiana. Tuft-forming perennial. white flowers with red speckled interiors. bedding, encourage into growth in spring at
C. glomerata ‘Superba’, illus. p.241. H 1in (2.5cm), S 3in (7cm). Leaves are ivy- Is best in sun. Z5–7 H7–5. 61°F (16°C) and store rhizomes in slightly
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. shaped with fine hairs. Arching flower C. trachelium (Nettle-leaved bellflower). damp soil in winter. Most cannas survive in
H 21/2ft (75cm), S 3ft (1m) or more. Has stems each bear a solitary, erect, bell- Upright perennial. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1ft the ground if mulched. Propagate in spring
dense, rounded heads of large, bell-shaped, shaped, violet-blue flower in late spring and (30cm). Has oval, pointed, rough, serrated, by division or in winter by seed sown at
purple flowers borne in summer. Bears early summer. Needs gritty, alkaline soil and basal leaves. Widely bell-shaped, blue or 68°F (20°C) or more.
oval leaves in basal rosettes and on flower a dry but not arid winter climate. Red spider purple-blue flowers are borne along erect C. ‘Ambassadour’, illus. p.394.
stems. Must be divided and replanted mite may be troublesome. Z5–7 H7–5. stems in summer. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Bernice’ Rhizomatous perennial. H to 6ft (2m),
regularly. Z3–8 H8–1. C. pendula, syn. Symphyandra pendula. (illus. p.241) has double purple-violet S 24–36in (60–90cm). Has broadly lance-
C. x haylodgensis. See C. x haylodgensis Arching perennial. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 1ft flowers. shaped, slightly glaucous, mid-green leaves.
‘Plena’. ‘Plena’, syn. C. x haylodgensis. is (30cm). Produces panicles of pendent, bell- C. vidalii. See Azorina vidalii. From mid-summer to fall produces large,
a spreading perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 8in shaped, cream flowers in summer. Has C. wanneri, syn. Symphyandra wanneri, creamy-white flowers flushed orange-yellow
(20cm). Has small, heart-shaped leaves and, oval, hairy, pale green leaves. Becomes illus. p.342. within at the bases. Z8–11 H11–1.
in summer, pomponlike, double, deep woody at base with age. Z5–8 H8–5. C. zoysii. Tuft-forming perennial. H 2in C. ‘Assault’. See C. ‘Assaut’.
lavender-blue flowers. Is suitable for a rock C. persicifolia (Peachleaf bellflower). (5cm), S 4in (10cm). Has tiny, rounded, C. ‘Assaut’, syn. C. ‘Assault’. Summer-
garden or wall. Z5–8 H8–5. Rosette-forming, spreading perennial. glossy green leaves. In summer, flower flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H to 4ft
C. isophylla (Italian bellflower). H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). In summer, stems each bear a bottle-shaped, lavender (1.2m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Has sturdy,
Evergreen, dwarf, trailing perennial. H 4in nodding, bell-shaped, papery, white or flower held horizontally. Needs gritty, leafy stems bearing wide, purple-green
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer, star- blue flowers are borne above narrowly alkaline soil. Is difficult to grow and leaves with a spike of scarlet flowers
shaped, blue or white flowers are borne lance-shaped, bright green leaves. Z3–8 encourage to flower, dislikes winter wet surrounded by purple bracts. Z8–11 H11–1.
above small, heart-shaped, toothed leaves. H8–1. ‘Chettle Charm’ (illus. p.241), H and is prone to slug attack. Z5–7 H7–5. C. ‘Bengal Tiger’. See C. ‘Striata’.
Is ideal for a hanging basket. Z13–15 H9–1. 60cm (2ft), bears large, white flowers with C. ‘Black Knight’. Rhizomatous
Kristal Hybrids ‘Stella Blue’, H 6–8in violet-blue margins. ‘Fleur de Neige’ CAMPSIS perennial. H 6ft (1.8m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm).
(15–20cm), S to 12in (30cm), is compact and has double, white flowers. ‘Pride of Sturdy stems bear broadly lance-shaped,
free-flowering; large, upright, saucer- Exmouth’ bears double, powder-blue Trumpet vine bronze-green leaves. From mid-summer to
shaped, pale blue flowers are produced in flowers. ‘Telham Beauty’ illus. p.242. early fall has large racemes of gladiolus-
mid-summer. C. portenschlagiana, illus. p.368. BIGNONIACEAE like, very dark red flowers, 3in (7cm)
C. ‘Joe Elliott’. Mound-forming C. poscharskyana, illus. p.367. across, with wavy petals. Z8–11 H11–1.
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 5in (12cm). In C. pulla. Often short-lived perennial Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, C. ‘Brillant’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to
summer, large, funnel-shaped, mid- that spreads by underground runners. root climbers, grown for their flowers. early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
lavender-blue flowers almost obscure H 1in (2.5cm), S 4in (10cm). Tiny, rounded Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). Produces iris-like,
small, heart-shaped, downy, gray-green leaves form rosettes, 1/2in (1cm) wide, each Water regularly in summer. Prune in bright red flowers and broadly lance-
leaves. Is good for an alpine house, trough bearing a flower stem with a solitary, spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in shaped, mid-green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1.
or rock garden. Needs well-drained, pendent, bell-shaped, deep violet flower summer or by layering in winter. C. ‘Durban’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer
alkaline soil. Protect from winter moisture. from late spring to early summer. Is good C. chinensis. See C. grandiflora. to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous
Is prone to slug attack. Z5–8 H8–5. for a scree or rock garden. Needs gritty, C. grandiflora, syn. C. chinensis, perennial. H 51/2ft (1.6m), S 20in (50cm).
Bignonia grandiflora, Tecoma grandiflora, Produces gladiolus-like, dark orange-red
illus. p.203. flowers above broadly elliptical, pink-veined,
purple leaves fading to orange. Z8–11 H11–1.

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C. x ehemanii, syn. C. iridiflora C. ‘Whithelm Pride’. Mid-summer to CARALLUMA CARDIOSPERMUM
‘Ehemanii’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft (50cm). Produces large, ASCLEPIADACEAE SAPINDACEAE
H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Broadly elliptical, gladiolus-like, pink flowers and ovate,
dark bluish-green leaves have red margins. bronze leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. Genus of perennial succulents with Genus of herbaceous or deciduous, shrubby
Produces trumpet-shaped, bright pinkish- C. ‘Wyoming’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer 4–6-ribbed, finger-like, blue-gray or climbers, grown mainly for their attractive
red flowers. Z8–11 H11–1. to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous blue-green to purple stems. Needs sun fruits. Is useful for covering bushes or
C. ‘Ermine’. Clump-forming, mid-summer perennial. H 6ft (1.8m), S 20in (50cm). and extremely well-drained soil. Water trellises. Grow in full light and any soil.
to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous Produces gladiolus-like, soft orange sparingly, only in the growing season. Propagate by seed in spring.
perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm). flowers and large, ovate, purple-bronze May be difficult to grow. Propagate by C. halicacabum (Balloon vine).
Has broadly lance-shaped, mid-green leaves, with darker purple veins. Z8–11 seed or stem cuttings in summer. Deciduous, shrubby, scandent, perennial
leaves. Very large, gladiolus-like, creamy- H11–1. C. europaea, syn. Stapelia europaea. climber, usually grown as an annual
white flowers are pale yellow flushed Clump-forming, perennial succulent. or biennial. H to 10ft (3m). Has toothed
toward the centers. Z8–11 H11–1. CANTUA H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (1m). Rough, 4-angled, leaves of 2 oblong leaflets. Inconspicuous,
C. ‘Gnom’. Mid-summer to early-fall- erect to procumbent, gray stems often whitish flowers are produced in summer,
flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 24in POLEMONIACEAE arch over and root. Has clusters of small, followed by downy, spherical, inflated,
(60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces gladiolus- star-shaped, yellow and brownish-purple 3-angled, straw-colored fruits containing
like, salmon-pink flowers, with overlapping Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers near stem crown from mid- to black seeds, each with a heart-shaped,
petals, and broadly elliptical, mid-green showy flowers in spring. Only one species late summer, then twin-horned, gray seed white spot. Z10–11 H11–1.
leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. is in general cultivation. Often benefits pods. Flowers smell faintly of rotten
C. iridiflora, illus. p.395. ‘Ehemanii’. See from being grown against a south- or west- meat. Is one of the easier species to CAREX C
C. x ehemanii. facing wall. Requires full sun and fertile, grow. Z13–15 H11–10.
C. ‘King Midas’. See C. ‘Richard Wallace’. well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe C. joannis, illus. p.494. Sedge
C. ‘Königin Charlotte’, syn. C. ‘Queen cuttings in summer.
Charlotte’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to C. buxifolia, syn. C. dependens, illus. p.146. CARDAMINE CYPERACEAE
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. C. dependens. See C. buxifolia.
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Has broadly Bitter cress See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. From mid- CAPSICUM and SEDGES.
summer to early fall produces velvety, CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE C. buchananii (Leatherleaf sedge).
blood-red flowers, with canary-yellow- SOLANACEAE Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.
margined petals. Z8–11 H11–1. Genus of spring-flowering annuals and H to 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Very narrow,
C. ‘Louis Cottin’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer Genus of evergreen shrubs, subshrubs and perennials. Some are weeds, but others copper-colored leaves turn red toward base.
to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous short-lived perennials, usually grown as are suitable for informal and woodland Solid, triangular stems bear insignificant,
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (50cm). annuals. Some species produce edible fruits gardens. Requires sun or semi-shade brown spikelets in summer. Z6–9 H9–5.
Produces trumpet-shaped, apricot flowers (e.g. sweet peppers), others small, and moist soil. Propagate by seed or C. elata, syn. C. stricta (Tufted sedge).
and broadly lance-shaped, dark blackish- ornamental ones. Needs sun and fertile, division in fall. Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.
green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. well-drained soil. Spray flowers with water C. enneaphyllos, syn. Dentaria H to 3ft (1m), S 6in (15cm). Leaves are
C. ‘Lucifer’, illus. p.394. Compact, mid- to encourage fruit to set. Propagate by seed enneaphyllos. Lax perennial spreading by somewhat glaucous. Solid, triangular
summer to early-fall-flowering, sown under glass in spring. Red spider fleshy, horizontal rootstocks. H 12–24in stems bear blackish-brown spikelets in
rhizomatous perennial. H 24in (60cm), mite may cause problems. (30–60cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). In spring, summer. Z5–9 H9–3. ‘Aurea’ illus. p.445.
S 20in (50cm). Produces relatively small, C. annuum (Ornamental pepper). Z9–11 nodding, pale yellow or white flowers are C. flagellifera, illus. p.289.
iris-like, red and yellow flowers and elliptic, H11–1. ‘Holiday Cheer’ is a moderately produced at the ends of shoots arising C. grayi (Gray’s sedge). Evergreen, tuft-
mid-green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. fast-growing, evergreen, bushy perennial, from deeply divided leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. forming, perennial sedge. H to 24in (60cm),
C. ‘Musifolia’. Mid-summer to early-fall- grown as an annual. H and S 8–12in C. latifolia. See C. raphanifolia. S 8in (20cm). Has bright green leaves.
flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 10ft (20–30cm). Has oval, mid-green leaves. C. pentaphyllos, syn. Dentaria Large, female spikelets, borne in summer,
(3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears small, iris-like, Bears small, star-shaped, white flowers in pentaphyllos, illus. p.260. mature to pointed, knobby, greenish-
orange flowers. Very long, oval, mid-green summer and, in fall–winter, spherical, C. pratensis, illus. p.438. ‘Flore Pleno’ brown fruits. Z3–8 H8–1.
leaves have dark margins and red-tinted green fruits maturing to red. is a neat, clump-forming perennial. H 18in C. hachijoensis ‘Evergold’. See C.
midribs. Z8–11 H11–1. (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears dense sheaves oshimensis ‘Evergold’.
C. ‘Picasso’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to CARAGANA of double, lilac flowers in spring. Mid- C. morrowii of gardens. See C.
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. green leaves are divided into rounded oshimensis.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Produces Peashrub leaflets. May also be propagated by leaf-tip C. oshimensis, syn. C. morrowii.
gladiolus-like, yellow flowers with orange cuttings in mid-summer. Prefers a moist or Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.
and red spots. Has large, broadly ovate, LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE wet site. H 8–20in (20–50cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm).
mid-green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. C. raphanifolia, syn. C. latifolia, illus. Has narrow, mid-green leaves. Solid,
C. ‘Pretoria’. See C. ‘Striata’. Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for p.438. triangular stems bear insignificant spikelets
C. ‘Queen Charlotte’. See C. ‘Königin their foliage and flowers. Requires full sun C. trifolia, illus. p.348. in summer. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Evergold’, syn.
Charlotte’. and fertile but not over-rich, well-drained C. hachijoensis ‘Evergold’ illus. p.288.
C. ‘Richard Wallace’, syn. C. ‘King soil. Propagate species by softwood CARDIOCRINUM C. pendula (Pendulous sedge). Evergreen,
Midas’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to early- cuttings in summer or by seed in fall, tuft-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft
fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 5ft cultivars by softwood or semiripe cuttings LILIACEAE (30cm). Has narrow, green leaves. Solid,
(1.5m), S 11/2ft (50cm). Produces gladiolus- or budding in summer or by grafting triangular stems freely produce pendent,
like, bright yellow flowers, with spotted during winter. Genus of summer-flowering, lily-like greenish-brown flower spikes in summer.
throats and frilly-edged petals, and C. arborescens (Siberian peashrub). Fast- bulbs, grown for their spectacular Z5–9 H9–5.
elliptical, apple-green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. growing, deciduous, upright shrub. H 20ft flowers. Needs partial shade and deep, C. riparia (Greater pond sedge).
C. ‘Striata’, syn. C. ‘Bengal Tiger’, C. (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has spine-tipped, dark rich, moist soil. Plant bulbs just below ‘Variegata’ is a vigorous, evergreen,
‘Pretoria’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to green leaves, each composed of 8–12 soil surface, in fall. Water well in summer perennial sedge. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m),
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. oblong leaflets. Produces clusters of and mulch with humus. Provide a deep S indefinite. Has broad, white-striped, mid-
H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft (50cm). Gladiolus-like, pealike, yellow flowers in late spring. mulch in winter. After flowering, main green leaves and solid, triangular stems
bright orange flowers are produced above Z2–8 H8–1. Arching ‘Lorbergii’, H 10ft bulb dies, but produces offsets. To that bear narrow, bristle-tipped, dark
ovate, light green to yellow-green leaves, (3m), S 8 ft (2.5m) has very narrow leaflets produce flowers in up to 5 years, brown spikelets in summer.
with bright yellow veins. Z8–11 H11–1. and smaller flowers and is often grown as propagate by offsets in fall; may also be C. stricta. See C. elata.
C. ‘Stuttgart’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to a tree by top-grafting. ‘Nana’ illus. p.148. propagated by seed in fall or winter and
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. ‘Walker’, H 1ft (30cm), S 6–10ft (2–3m), will then flower in 7 years. CARISSA 531
H 7ft (2.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces small, is prostrate but is usually top-grafted to C. giganteum, illus. p.385. var.
iris-like, pale apricot flowers, fading to form a weeping tree, H 6ft (2m), S 21/2ft yunnanense is a sturdy, leafy-stemmed APOCYNACEAE
pink. Broadly lance-shaped, white-and- (75cm). bulb. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 21/2–3ft (75cm–1m).
green leaves require some shade to prevent C. frutex ‘Globosa’. Slow-growing, Has bold, heart-shaped, bronze-green Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer-
burning. Z8–11 H11–1. deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 1ft leaves. Fragrant, pendent, trumpet-shaped, flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers
(30cm). Mid-green leaves each have cream flowers, 6in (15cm) long, with and overall appearance. Needs partial
4 oblong leaflets. Pealike, bright yellow purple-red streaks inside, are borne in long shade and well-drained soil. Water
flowers are borne only rarely in late spikes in summer and are followed by container specimens moderately, less when
spring. Z2–8 H8–1. decorative seed heads. temperatures are low. Propagate by seed

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when ripe or in spring or by semiripe CARPINUS CARTHAMUS growth, moderately to sparingly in winter.
Pruning is tolerated, severe if need be, but
cuttings in summer. T The seeds are Hornbeam COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE trees are best left to grow naturally.
Propagate by seed in spring.
poisonous. CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE Genus of annuals and herbaceous C. artemisioides. See Senna
C. grandiflora. See C. macrocarpa. perennials, grown for their flowers, foliage artemisioides.
C. macrocarpa, syn. C. grandiflora Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their and medicinal properties. Needs full sun C. corymbosa. See Senna corymbosa.
(Natal plum). Z9–11 H11–9. ‘Tuttlei’ illus. foliage, fall color and clusters of small, and light, well-drained soil. Propagate by var. plurijuga of gardens. See Senna
p.453. winged nuts. Needs sun or semi-shade and seed in spring. x floribunda. Z12–15 H12–10.
C. spectabilis. See Acokanthera fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species C. tinctorius, illus. p.323. C. didymobotrya. See Senna
oblongifolia. by seed in fall, cultivars by budding in late didymobotrya.
summer. CARYA C. fistula (Golden shower, Indian
CARLINA C. betulus (European hornbeam). laburnum, Pudding pipe-tree). Fast-
Deciduous, round-headed tree. H 80ft Hickory growing, almost deciduous, ovoid tree.
Carline thistle (25m), S 70ft (20m). Has a fluted trunk H 25–30ft (8–10m), S 12–20ft (4–6m). Leaves,
and oval, prominently veined, dark green JUGLANDACEAE each with 4–8 pairs of oval leaflets, are
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE leaves that turn yellow and orange in fall. coppery when young. In spring produces
Bears green catkins from late spring to Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their racemes of small, fragrant, 5-petaled, cup-
Genus of annuals, biennials and fall, when clusters of winged nuts stately habit, divided leaves, fall color and, shaped, bright yellow flowers. Cylindrical,
perennials, grown for their ornamental develop. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Fastigiata’, in some cases, edible nuts. Has insignificant dark brown pods, to 24in (60cm) long, yield
flower heads. Requires a sunny position syn. C. betulus ‘Pyramidalis’ illus. p.93. flowers in spring. Requires sun or semi- cassia pulp. Z11 H11–10.
and well-drained soil. Propagate by ‘Pyramidalis’. See C. betulus shade and deep, fertile soil. Plant young C. x floribunda. See Senna x floribunda.
seed: annuals in spring, perennials ‘Fastigiata’. seedlings in a permanent position during C. siamea. See Senna siamea.
in fall. C. caroliniana (American hornbeam). their first year since older plants resent
C. acaulis, illus. p.361. Deciduous, spreading tree with branches transplanting. Propagate by seed in fall. CASSINIA
that droop at tips. H and S 30ft (10m). C. cordiformis (Bitternut hickory, Swamp
CARMICHAELIA Has a fluted, gray trunk, green catkins hickory). Vigorous, deciduous, spreading COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
in spring and oval, bright green leaves tree. H 80ft (25m), S 50ft (15m). Bark is
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE that turn orange and red in fall, when smooth at first, later fissured. Bright yellow, Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
clusters of winged nuts develop. winter leaf buds develop into large, dark foliage and flowers. Needs full sun and
Genus of deciduous, usually leafless Z3–9 H9–1. green leaves, with usually 7 oval to oblong fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
shrubs, grown for their profusion of C. tschonoskii (Yeddo hornbeam). leaflets; these turn yellow in fall. Nuts are softwood cuttings in summer.
tiny flowers in summer. Flattened, green Deciduous, rounded tree with branches pear-shaped or rounded, 3/4–11/2in (2–4cm) C. fulvida. See C. leptophylla subsp.
shoots assume function of leaves. Needs drooping at tips. H and S 40ft (12m). Has long, each with a bitter kernel. Z4–9 H9–1. fulvida.
full sun and well-drained soil. Cut out oval, sharply toothed, glossy, dark green C. glabra (Pignut, Pignut hickory). C. leptophylla subsp. fulvida, syn.
dead wood in spring. Propagate by leaves. Green catkins are produced in Deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m), C. fulvida. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed spring and clusters of small, winged nuts S 70ft (20m). Dark green leaves, with S 6ft (2m). Has yellow shoots, small, oblong,
in fall or spring. develop in fall. Z6–9 H9–1. usually 5 narrowly oval leaflets, turn bright dark green leaves and, in mid-summer,
C. arborea. Deciduous, upright shrub. C. turczaninowii. Deciduous, spreading yellow and orange in fall. Pear-shaped or clustered heads of minute, white flowers.
H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Small clusters of tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). Green rounded nuts, 3/4–11/2in (2–4cm) long, each Z8–9 H9–8. subsp. vauvilliersii, syn.
pealike, pale lilac flowers are borne from catkins are borne in spring. Produces have a bitter kernel. Z5–8 H8–1. C. vauvilliersii illus. p.150.
early to mid-summer. May need staking clusters of small, winged nuts in fall, when C. ovata, illus. p.67. C. vauvilliersii. See C. leptophylla subsp.
when mature. Z9–10 H9–7. small, oval, glossy, deep green leaves turn vauvilliersii.
orange. Z6–9 H9–1. CARYOPTERIS
C C. carmichaeliae, syn. Notospartium CASSIOPE
carmichaeliae (Pink broom). Leafless, CARPOBROTUS Bluebeard
arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). ERICACEAE
Short, dense spikes of pealike, purple- Ice plant VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE
blotched, pink flowers are produced in Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering
mid-summer on slender, drooping, green AIZOACEAE Genus of deciduous subshrubs, grown for shrubs, suitable for peat beds and walls
shoots. Z8–10 H9–7. their foliage and small, but freely produced, and for rock gardens. Needs a sheltered,
C. enysii. Deciduous, mound-forming, Genus of mat-forming, perennial blue flowers. Prefers full sun and light, shaded or semi-shaded site and moist,
dense shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm). Shoots succulents with triangular, fleshy, dark well-drained soil. Cut back hard in spring. peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe or
are rigid. Pealike, violet flowers are borne green leaves and daisylike flowers. Propagate species by greenwood or greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in mid-summer. Is best grown in a rock Is excellent for binding sandy soils. semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in in fall or spring.
garden. Z9–10 H10–8. Needs full sun and well-drained soil. fall; increase cultivars by cuttings only, in C. ‘Edinburgh’. Evergreen, dwarf shrub.
C. stevensonii, syn. Chordospartium Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in summer. H and S 8in (20cm). Has tiny, dark green
stevensonii. Deciduous, almost leafless, spring or summer. C. x clandonensis (Blue mist shrub, leaves tightly pressed to upright stems. In
arching shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). C. edulis (Hottentot fig). Carpeting, Bluebeard). Z6–9 H9–1. ‘Arthur spring, many small, bell-shaped, white
Produces small, pealike, purplish-pink perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm), Simmonds’ illus. p.157. ‘Heavenly Blue’ flowers are borne singly in leaf axils. Z2–6
flowers in cylindrical racemes in mid- S indefinite. Prostrate, rooting branches is a deciduous, bushy subshrub. H and S 3ft H6–1.
summer. Z8–10 H10–7. bear leaves 5/8in (1.5cm) thick and 5in (1m). Forms an upright, compact mass of C. fastigiata. Evergreen, upright, loose
(12cm) long. Yellow, purple or pink flowers, lance-shaped, gray-green leaves. Dense shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). In
CARNEGIEA 5in (12cm) across, open in spring–summer clusters of tubular, blue to purplish-blue spring, bell-shaped, creamy-white flowers,
from about noon in sun. Bears edible, flowers, with prominent stamens, are resting in green or red calyces, are borne
CACTACEAE figlike, brownish fruits in late summer and borne from late summer to fall. on short stalks in leaf axils. Leaves are tiny
fall. Z12–14 H11–10. C. incana, syn. C. mastacanthus (Common and scalelike. Needs partial shade. Z2–6
Genus of one species of very slow-growing, bluebeard). Deciduous, bushy subshrub. H6–1.
perennial cactus with thick, 12–24-ribbed, CARRIEREA H and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears tubular, violet- C. lycopodioides, illus. p.349.
spiny stems. Is unlikely to flower or branch blue flowers, with prominent stamens, C. mertensiana, illus. p.349.
at less than 12ft (4m) high. Requires full sun FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE amid lance-shaped, gray-green leaves from C. ‘Muirhead’, illus. p.332.
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by late summer to early fall. Z6–9 H9–1. C. selaginoides. Evergreen, spreading
seed in spring or summer. Genus of deciduous trees. Only C. calycina, C. mastacanthus. See C. incana. shrub. H 10in (25cm), S 6in (15cm). Stem is
C. gigantea, illus. p.492. grown for its flowers, is in general hidden by dense, scalelike, mid-green
cultivation. Requires full sun and fertile, CASSIA leaves. Bears solitary, relatively large,
532 CARPENTERIA well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers in
cuttings in summer. Senna spring. Needs a shaded site. Z7–8 H8–7.
HYDRANGEACEAE C. calycina. Deciduous, spreading tree. C. tetragona, illus. p.332.
H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, glossy, mid- LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE C. wardii. Evergreen, upright to
Genus of one species of evergreen, green leaves set off upright clusters of cup- spreading, loose shrub. H 6in (15cm),
summer-flowering shrub, cultivated for its shaped, creamy-white or greenish-white Genus of annuals, perennials and S 8in (20cm). Semi-upright stems are
flowers and foliage. Grows well against a flowers borne in early summer. Z13–15 evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs,
south- or west-facing wall. Prefers full sun H12–10. grown for their flowers mainly produced
and fairly moist but well-drained soil. from winter to summer. Needs full light
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
or by seed in fall. container specimens freely when in full
C. californica, illus. p.197.

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densely clothed with scalelike, dark CATALPA H 18in (45cm). Large heads of fragrant, cuttings in early spring. T The berries may
green leaves that give them a squared pinkish-mauve flowers, 4in (10cm) across
appearance. Bell-shaped, white flowers, BIGNONIACEAE and each with a yellow-marked, deep pink cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
set close to stems, are produced in lip, are borne in early summer. Has oval, C. thomsonii, syn. Parthenocissus
spring. Needs shade in all but cool areas. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering stiff leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Avoid thomsonii, illus. p.209.
May also be propagated by division of trees and shrubs, extremely resistant to spraying from overhead. Z12–14 H11–6.
runners in spring. Z4–6 H6–1. urban pollution, grown for their foliage C. Trizac gx ‘Purple Emperor’, syn. x CEANOTHUS C
and bell- or trumpet-shaped flowers with Sophrolaeliocattleya Trizac gx ‘Purple
CASTANEA frilly lobes. Trees are best grown as isolated Emperor’. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for RHAMNACEAE 533
specimens. Prefers full sun and does best in an intermediate greenhouse. H 4in (10cm).
Chestnut hot summers. Needs deep, fertile, well- In spring bears crimson-lipped, pinkish- Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
drained but not too dry soil. Propagate purple flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, in small and small trees, grown for their small but
FAGACEAE species by seed in fall, cultivars by heads. Has oval, rigid leaves, 4in (10cm) densely clustered, mainly blue flowers. At
softwood cuttings in summer or by long. Provide full light in summer. Z12–14 the limits of hardiness, plant against a
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering budding in late summer. H11–6. south- or west-facing wall. Needs a
trees and shrubs, grown for their foliage, C. bignonioides, illus. p.73. ‘Aurea’ illus. sheltered site in full sun and light, well-
stately habit, flowers and edible fruits p.76. x CATTLIANTHE drained soil. Cut dead wood from
(chestnuts). Requires sun or semi-shade; C. x erubescens ‘Purpurea’. Deciduous, evergreens in spring and trim their
does particularly well in hot, dry areas. spreading tree. H and S 50ft (15m). Broadly ORCHIDACEAE sideshoots after flowering. Cut back shoots
Needs fertile, well-drained soil; grows oval or 3-lobed, very dark purple, young of deciduous species to basal framework in
poorly on shallow, chalky soil. Propagate leaves age to dark green. Fragrant, bell- See also ORCHIDS. early spring. Propagate by semiripe
species by seed in fall, cultivars by shaped, white flowers, marked with yellow x C. Hazel Boyd gx ‘Apricot Glow’, cuttings in summer.
budding in summer or by grafting and purple, are produced from mid- to late syn. x Sophrolaeliocattleya Hazel Boyd gx C. arboreus ‘Trewithen Blue’, illus.
in late winter. summer. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Apricot Glow’, illus. p.467. Evergreen, p.194.
C. dentata (American chestnut). C. fargesii f. duclouxii, illus. p.73. epiphytic orchid for an intermediate C. ‘Autumnal Blue’, illus. p.138.
Deciduous, spreading tree with rough C. ovata (Northern catalpa). Deciduous, greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). In spring and C. ‘Blue Mound’. Evergreen, bushy,
bark. H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Oblong, spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Bears early summer produces small heads of dense shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Forms
toothed, dull green leaves turn orange- 3-lobed, purplish leaves when young, apricot-orange flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, a mound of oblong, glossy, dark green
yellow in fall. Has catkins of greenish- maturing to pale green. Has large clusters with crimson marks on lips. Has oval, leaves, covered, in late spring, with
white flowers in summer, then typical of bell-shaped, white flowers, spotted with rigid leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Grow in rounded clusters of deep blue flowers.
spiny “chestnut” fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. red and yellow, from mid- to late summer. full light in summer. Z14–15 H12–10. Z9–10 H10–8.
C. sativa (Spanish chestnut, Sweet Z4–8 H8–1. x C. Rojo gx ‘Mont Millais’, syn. x C. ‘Burkwoodii’, illus. p.205.
chestnut). Deciduous, spreading tree. C. speciosa, illus. p.72. Laeliocattleya Rojo gx ‘Mont Millais’, illus. C. ‘Burtonensis’. Evergreen, bushy,
H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Bark becomes p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an spreading shrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 12ft
spirally ridged with age. Oblong, CATANANCHE intermediate greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). In (4m) Has small, rounded, almost spherical,
glossy, dark green leaves turn yellow in winter–spring bears arching heads of crinkled leaves that are lustrous and dark
fall. Produces spikes of small, creamy- Cupid’s dart slender, reddish-orange flowers, 3/4in (2cm) green. Small, deep blue flowers are
yellow flowers in summer, followed by across. Oval leaves are up to 6in (15cm) produced in clusters, 3/4in (2cm) wide, from
edible fruits in rounded, spiny husks. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE long. Provide full light in summer. Z14–15 mid- spring to early summer. Z9–10 H10–8.
Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Albomarginata’ illus. p.61. H12–6. C. ‘Cascade’. Vigorous, evergreen,
Genus of perennials with daisylike flower arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Leaves
CASTANOPSIS heads that may be successfully dried for CAULOKAEMPFERIA are narrowly oblong, glossy and dark
winter flower arrangements. Needs sun green. Large panicles of powder-blue
FAGACEAE and light, well-drained soil. Propagate by ZINGIBERACEAE flowers are borne in late spring and early
seed in spring or by root cuttings in winter. summer. Z9–11 H11–9.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, C. caerulea ‘Major’, illus. p.270. Genus of herbaceous, rhizomatous C. ‘Delight’. Fast-growing, evergreen,
grown for their habit and foliage. perennials, grown for their small but bushy shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Bears
Flowers are insignificant. Needs a CATHARANTHUS numerous, bright flowers, from late spring oblong, glossy, deep green leaves. Long
sheltered position in sun or semi-shade to fall, produced from the same stem as the clusters of rich blue flowers are borne in
and fertile, well-drained but not too APOCYNACEAE leaves. Requires a shady, sheltered position late spring. Z9–10 H10–9.
dry, acidic soil. Propagate by seed when and moist, rich soil. Propagate by division C. x delileanus ‘Glore de Versailles’.
ripe, in fall. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their or seed in early spring. See C. ‘Gloire de Versailles’.
C. cuspidata. Evergreen, bushy, flowers. C. roseus is often grown annually C. petelotii. Herbaceous, rhizomatous C. dentatus (Point Reyes ceanothus).
spreading shrub or tree with drooping from seed or cuttings and used as a perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has 6–8 Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 5ft
shoots. H and S 25ft (8m) or more. Bears summer bedding plant in cool climates. narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Produces small, oblong,
long, oval, slender-tipped, leathery leaves, Needs full light and well-drained soil. Clusters of broad-lipped, bright canary- glossy, dark green leaves and is covered, in
glossy, dark green above, bronze beneath. Water container specimens moderately, yellow flowers, surrounded by long, late spring, with rounded clusters of bright
Z9–11 H11–10. less when temperatures are low. Prune narrow, green bracts, are borne from blue flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
long or straggly stems in early spring to spring into fall. C. dentatus of gardens. See C. x lobbianus.
CASTANOSPERMUM promote a more bushy habit. Propagate by C. ‘Gloire de Versailles’, syn. C. x
seed in spring or by greenwood or CAUTLEYA delileanus ‘Glore de Versailles’, illus. p.157.
Black bean tree, Moreton Bay semiripe cuttings in summer. C. gloriosus. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
chestnut C. roseus, syn. Vinca rosea, illus. p.298. ZINGIBERACEAE H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Leaves are oval and
Boa Series ‘Boa Peach’ illus. p.300. dark green. Rounded clusters of deep blue
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Cobra Series ‘Cobra Burgundy’ illus. Genus of summer- and fall-flowering or purplish-blue flowers are produced from
p.306. perennials. Needs a sunny, sheltered mid- to late spring. May suffer from
Genus of one species of evergreen tree, position and deep, rich, moist but well- chlorosis on chalky soil. Z7–9 H9–7.
grown for its overall appearance and for CATTLEYA drained soil. Propagate by seed or division C. impressus, illus. p.138. ‘Puget Blue’.
shade. Requires full light and fertile, moist in spring. See C. ‘Puget Blue’.
but well-drained soil. Water container ORCHIDACEAE C. spicata, illus. p.279. C. incanus, illus. p.129.
specimens freely when in full growth, C. ‘Italian Skies’. Evergreen, bushy,
moderately at other times. Propagate by See also ORCHIDS. CAYRATIA spreading shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 10ft (3m).
seed in spring. C. bowringiana. See Guarianthe Has small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves.
C. australe. Strong-growing, evergreen, bowringiana. VITACEAE Produces dense, conical clusters of bright
rounded tree. H 50ft (15m) or more, C. cinnabarina, syn. Laelia cinnabarina. blue flowers in late spring. Z9–10 H10–9.
S 25ft (8m) or more. Leaves have Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, C. x lobbianus, syn. C. dentatus of
8–17 oval leaflets. Racemes of large, intermediate greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). tendril climbers, grown for their leaves and gardens. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub.
pealike, yellow flowers, that age to Produces sprays of slender, orange flowers, fall color. Tendril tips have sucker-like pads H and S 6ft (2m). Rounded clusters of
orange and red, are produced in fall, but 2in (5cm) or more across, usually in winter. that cling to supports. Insignificant bright, deep blue flowers are borne in late
only on mature trees, and are followed Has narrowly oval, rigid leaves, 3–4in greenish flowers appear in summer. Grow spring and early summer amid oval, dark
by cylindrical, reddish-brown pods, 10in (8–10cm) long. Needs full light in summer. in shade or semi-shade and well-drained green leaves. Z8–10 H10–7.
(25cm) long, containing large, chestnut-like Z14–15 H12–6. soil. Propagate by softwood or greenwood
seeds. Z11 H11–10. C. J.A. Carbone gx. Evergreen, epiphytic cuttings in summer or by hardwood
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse.

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C. ‘Marie Simon’. Deciduous, bushy but well-drained soil. Water container flower heads, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across. Is H 2ft (60cm), has carmine-lilac flowers.
shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has broadly oval, specimens freely while in full growth, less difficult to establish. C. hypoleuca ‘John Coutts’, illus. p.265.
mid-green leaves. Conical clusters of soft at other times. Pruning is tolerated if C. walkeri, syn. C. webbiana, illus. p.336. C. macrocephala (Mountain bluet).
pink flowers are produced in profusion from necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or C. webbiana. See C. walkeri. Robust, clump-forming perennial. H 3ft
mid-summer to early fall. Z8–10 H10–8. by semiripe cuttings in summer. (1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer, sturdy stems
C. papillosus. Evergreen, arching shrub. C. pentandra (Kapok, Silk cotton tree). CELOSIA bear large, yellow flower heads, within
H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Leaves are Fast-growing, semievergreen tree with a papery, silvery-brown bracts. Mid-green
narrowly oblong, glossy, dark green and spine-covered trunk. H and S 80ft (25m) or Cockscomb leaves are narrowly oval and deeply cut.
sticky. Produces dense racemes of blue or more. Hand-shaped leaves have 5–9 elliptic Z3–7 H7–1.
purplish-blue flowers in late spring. Z9–10 leaflets, red when young, becoming mid- AMARANTHACEAE C. montana, illus. p.269.
H10–9. green. Bears clusters of 5-petaled, white, C. moschata. See Amberboa moschata.
C. ‘Perle Rose’, illus. p.153. yellow or pink flowers in summer, followed Genus of erect perennials, grown as C. pulcherrima, illus. p.232.
C. ‘Puget Blue’, syn. C. impressus ‘Puget by woody, brownish seed pods containing annuals. Prefers a sunny, sheltered position
Blue’, illus. p.205. silky kapok fiber. Z13–15 H11–10. and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by CENTRADENIA
C. rigidus. See C. rigidus var. rigidus. var. C. speciosa. See Chorisia speciosa. seed sown under glass in spring.
rigidus, syn. C. rigidus (Monterey C. argentea. Moderately fast-growing, MELASTOMATACEAE
ceanothus). Evergreen, bushy shrub of CELASTRUS erect, bushy perennial, grown as an annual.
dense, spreading habit. H 4ft (1.2m), S 8ft H 12–24in (30–60cm), S to 18in (45cm). Has Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
(2.5m). Bears oblong to rounded, glossy, Bittersweet oval to lance-shaped, pale to mid-green grown for their flowers and foliage. Needs
dark green leaves and, from mid-spring to leaves and, in summer, pyramid-shaped, partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
early summer, produces rounded clusters of CELASTRACEAE feathery, silvery-white flower heads, to 4in Water container plants freely when in full
deep purplish-blue flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. (10cm) long. Cultivars are available in red, growth, moderately at other times. Tip
C. ‘Southmead’ (Santa Barbara Genus of deciduous shrubs and twining orange, yellow and cream. H9–2. Dwarf prune young plants to promote a bushy
ceanothus). Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. climbers, grown for their fruits. Most cultivars, H 12in (30cm), include ‘Fairy habit; old plants become straggly unless
H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has small, oblong, species bear male and female flowers on Fountains’, which has flower heads, to trimmed each spring. Propagate from early
glossy, dark green leaves. Deep blue flowers separate plants, so both sexes must be 6in (15cm) long, in a wide range of colors spring to early summer by seed or by
are produced in rounded clusters in late grown to obtain fruits; hermaphrodite in summer–fall, and Olympia Series softwood or greenwood cuttings. If grown
spring and early summer. Z9–10 H10–9. forms of C. orbiculatus are available. Grow (Yunnan hackberry), which has crested, as container plants, propagate annually.
C. thyrsiflorus (Blueblossom). Evergreen, in any soil and in full or partial shade. Likes coral-like heads of tightly clustered flower C. floribunda. Evergreen, loosely
bushy shrub or spreading tree. H and S 20ft regular feeding. Prune in spring to cut out heads, 3–5in (8–12cm) across, in colors such rounded, soft-stemmed shrub. H and S to
(6m). Has broadly oval, glossy, mid-green old wood and maintain shape. Propagate as golden-yellow, scarlet, light red, deep 24in (60cm). Lance-shaped leaves are
leaves and, in late spring and early summer, by seed in fall or spring or by semiripe cerise and purple. prominently veined, glossy, green above,
rounded clusters of pale blue flowers. Z7–11 cuttings in summer. bluish-green beneath. Large, terminal
H10–3. var. repens illus. p.159. C. articulatus. See C. orbiculatus. CELTIS clusters of 4-petaled, pink or white flowers
C. x veitchianus. Vigorous, evergreen, C. orbiculatus, syn. C. articulatus (Asian develop from pink buds in late winter and
bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Dense, bittersweet). Vigorous, deciduous, twining Hackberry spring. Z13–15 H11–10.
oblong clusters of deep blue flowers are climber. H to 46ft (14m). Has small,
borne in late spring and early summer rounded, toothed leaves. Clusters of 2–4 ULMACEAE/CANNABACEAE CENTRANTHUS
amid oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. small, green flowers are produced in
summer; tiny, long-lasting, spherical fruits Genus of deciduous trees, with VALERIANACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE
C Z9–10 H10–9. begin green, turn black in fall, and finally inconspicuous flowers in spring, grown for
split and show yellow insides and red their foliage and small fruits. Needs full sun Genus of late spring- to fall-flowering
Cedrela sinensis. See Toona sinensis. seeds. Tends to self-seed and is considered (doing best in hot summers) and fertile, perennials. Requires sun. Thrives in an
Cedronella mexicana. See Agastache invasive in some regions. Z4–8 H8–1. well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. exposed position and in poor, alkaline soil.
mexicana. ‘Diana’ illus. p.209. C. australis, illus. p.62. Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
C. scandens. Deciduous, twining climber. C. occidentalis (Common hackberry). C. ruber, illus. p.248.
CEDRUS H to 30ft (10m). Oval leaves are 2–4in Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 70ft
(5–10cm) long. Tiny, greenish flowers are (20m). Oval, sharply toothed, glossy, bright CENTROPOGON
Cedar borne in small clusters in leaf axils in green leaves turn yellow in fall, when they
summer. Long-lasting, spherical fruits are are accompanied by globose, yellowish- CAMPANULACEAE
PINACEAE produced in bunches, 2–3in (5–8cm) long; red, then red-purple fruits. Z2–9 H9–1.
each fruit splits to show an orange interior C. sinensis (Chinese hackberry). Genus of herbaceous or subshrubby,
See also CONIFERS. and scarlet seeds. Z3–8 H8–1. Deciduous, rounded tree. H and S 30ft upright, scrambling or climbing, deciduous
C. atlantica, syn. C. libani subsp. atlantica (10m). Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves, or evergreen perennials, grown for their
(Atlas cedar). Conifer that is conical when CELMISIA with fine teeth, and small, globose, orange tubular flowers and uppermost leaves,
young, broadening with age. H 50–80ft fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. which are sometimes patterned or
(15–25m), S 15–30ft (5–10m). Leaves are COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE variegated. Needs sun or partial shade and
spirally arranged, needlelike, dull green or CENTAUREA rich, moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
bright blue-gray. Has ovoid cones, males Genus of evergreen, late spring- and by seed in spring.
pale brown, females pale green, ripening summer-flowering perennials, grown for COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE C. ayavacensis, syn. C. willdenowianus.
to brown. Z6–9 H9–6. f. fastigiata, syn. their foliage and daisylike flower heads. Deciduous, trailing perennial. H and S 3ft
C. atlantica Fastigiata Group, S 12–15ft Is suitable for rock gardens and peat beds, Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for (1m). Flexuous, purple stems have rounded
(4–5m), has a narrower, more upright habit. but may be difficult to grow in hot, dry their flower heads that each have a thistle- to broadly elliptic, mid-green leaves, to 2in
Fastigiata Group. See C. atlantica climates. Needs a sheltered, sunny site and like center surrounded by a ring of slender (5cm) long. Bears tubular, cerise flowers,
f. fastigiata. f. glauca, syn. C. atlantica rich, moist but well-drained, sandy, acidic ray petals. Requires sun; grows in any well- 2–21/2in (5–6cm) long, with reflexed petals,
Glauca Group, illus. p.95. Glauca Group. soil. Propagate by division in early summer drained soil, even poor soil. Propagate by from early spring to summer. Needs a
See C. atlantica f. glauca. or by seed when fresh. seed or division in fall or spring. sunny position. Protect roots from frost.
C. deodara, illus. p.96. ‘Aurea’, illus. p.104. C. bellidioides. Evergreen, mat-forming C. cyanus, illus. p.315. Fast-growing, C. cordifolius. Herbaceous, weakly
C. libani, illus. p.97. subsp. atlantica. perennial. H 3/4in (2cm), S to 6in (15cm). Has upright, branching annual. H 1–3ft climbing or trailing perennial. H 11/2ft
See C. atlantica. ‘Comte de Dijon’, H 3–6ft rounded, leathery, dark green leaves. Bears (30cm–1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, (0.5m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Red stems have
(1–2m), S 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), is a dwarf almost stemless, white flower heads, 1/2in gray-green leaves and, in summer and heart-shaped, toothed, gray-green leaves,
form that grows only 2in (5cm) a year. (1cm) across, in early summer. Z8–9 H9–8. early fall, branching stems with usually to 3in (7.5cm) long, and bear flared, tubular,
‘Sargentii’, H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m), has C. coriacea of gardens. See C. double, daisylike flower heads in shades of cerise flowers, 11/2in (4cm) long, from late
horizontal, then weeping branches and semicordata. blue, pink, red, purple or white. Flowers spring to summer. Requires a sunny
makes a bush that is rounded in shape. C. ramulosa, illus. p.360. are excellent for cutting. Tall (blue, illus. position. Protect roots from frost.
C. semicordata, syn. C. coriacea, illus. p.315) and dwarf cultivars are available. C. ferrugineus. Herbaceous, trailing
534 CEIBA p.346. Baby Series (Persian cornflower) (dwarf), perennial. H 11/2–6ft (0.5–2m), S 3–6ft
C. traversii. Slow-growing, evergreen, H to 1ft (30cm), has blue, white or pink (1–2m). Long, wiry, pendent stems bear
BOMBACACEAE clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), flower heads. narrowly ovate, silver-marked, mid-green
S 8in (20cm). Sword-shaped, dark green C. dealbata. Erect perennial. H 3ft (1m), leaves, 21/2–5in (6–13cm) long, with
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen leaves have reddish-brown margins and S 2ft (60cm). Lilac-purple flower heads are narrowly toothed margins. Flared, tubular,
or deciduous trees, grown for their cream undersides. In summer bears white borne freely in summer, one or more to each bright pink flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) long,
overall appearance and for shade. Requires stem. Has narrowly oval, finely cut, light
full sun or partial shade and fertile, moist green leaves. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Steenbergii’,

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from summer into fall, are followed by bear solitary, star-shaped, white flowers, borne profusely in spring. Requires full Semievergreen, scrambling, succulent
spherical fruits. Is best in a container. 1/2in (1cm) wide, throughout summer. sun and deep, fertile, well-drained soil. subshrub. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Leaves
C. willdenowianus. See C. ayavacensis. Z3–7 H7–1. Plant out as young specimens. Resents are triangular to oval, fleshy and 3/4in (2cm)
C. tomentosum, illus. p.350. transplanting. Propagate species by seed long. In summer–fall has tubular, green
CEPHALARIA in fall, cultivars by budding in summer. flowers, 2in (5cm) long, with paler green to
CERATOPHYLLUM C. canadensis (Eastern redbud). white marks; the petals are flared widely at
DIPSACACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H and tips to form “parachutes”. Z12–14 H11–10.
CERATOPHYLLACEAE S 30ft (10m). Heart-shaped, dark green C. woodii. See C. linearis.
Genus of coarse, summer-flowering leaves turn yellow in fall. Pealike flowers
perennials, suitable for large borders and Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged are magenta in bud, opening to pale pink CESTRUM C
wild gardens. Prefers sun and well-drained water plants, grown for their foliage. in mid-spring before leaves emerge. Z4–9
soil. Propagate by division in spring or by Is suitable for ponds and cold-water H9–2. ‘Forest Pansy’ illus. p.84. SOLANACEAE
seed in fall. aquariums. Prefers an open, sunny C. siliquastrum, illus. p.83.
C. gigantea, syn. C. tatarica (Giant position, but tolerates shade better than Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
scabious, Yellow scabious). Robust, most submerged plants. Propagation CEREUS and semi-scrambling climbers, grown
branching perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft occurs naturally when scaly young shoots for their showy flowers. Foliage has an
(1.2m). In early summer, wiry stems bear or winter buds separate from main plants. CACTACEAE unpleasant scent. Requires a sheltered,
pincushionlike heads of primrose-yellow Take stem cuttings in growing season. sunny position and fertile, well-drained
flowers above lance-shaped, deeply cut, C. demersum (Hornwort). Deciduous, Genus of columnar, perennial cacti with soil. Water container specimens freely
dark green leaves. Z3–7 H7–1. perennial, spreading, submerged water spiny stems, most having 4–10 pronounced when in full growth, moderately at other
C. tatarica. See C. gigantea. plant that occasionally floats. S indefinite. ribs. Cup-shaped flowers usually open at times. Support is needed for scrambling
Has small, dark green leaves with 3 linear night. Needs full sun and very well-drained species. Propagate frost-hardy species
CEPHALOCEREUS lobes. Is best suited to a cool-water pool. soil. Propagate in spring by seed or, for by softwood cuttings in summer, tender
Z6–9 H9–6. branching species, by stem cuttings. species by seed in spring or by semiripe
CACTACEAE C. forbesii. See C. hankeanus. cuttings in summer.
CERATOPTERIS C. hankeanus, syn. C. forbesii, illus. p.488. C. aurantiacum (Red cestrum). Mainly
Genus of slow-growing, columnar, C. hildmannianus, syn. C. peruvianus, evergreen semi-scrambler that remains a
perennial cacti with 20–30-ribbed, PARKERIACEAE illus. p.488. ‘Monstrosus’ (Honeywort) is rounded shrub if cut back annually. H and
green stems. Prefers full sun and extremely a columnar, perennial cactus. H 15ft (5m), S to 6ft (2m). Deciduous at low
well-drained, lime-rich soil. Is prone Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, S 12ft (4m). Swollen, occasionally fan- temperatures. Bears oval,  bright green
to rot if overwatered. Propagate by perennial, floating water ferns, grown shaped, silvery-blue stems bear golden leaves. Tubular, bright orange flowers are
seed in spring or summer. for their foliage. Is suitable for aquariums. spines on 4–8 (or more) uneven ribs. Is borne in large, terminal trusses in summer
C. senilis, illus. p.479. Prefers a sunny position. Remove fading unlikely to flower in cultivation. Z11 H12–10. and may be followed by spherical, white
fronds regularly. Propagate in summer by C. peruvianus of gardens. See C. fruits. Prune annually, cutting out old stems
CEPHALOPHYLLUM division or by buds that develop on the hildmannianus. to near base after flowering. Z11 H11–10.
leaves. C. spachianus. See Echinopsis spachiana. C. elegans, syn. C. purpureum of gardens,
AIZOACEAE C. thalictroides (Water fern). illus. p.202.
Semievergreen, perennial, spreading, CERINTHE C. ‘Newellii’, illus. p.203.
Genus of clump-forming, bushy, perennial floating water fern that sometimes roots C. parqui. Deciduous, open shrub. H and
succulents with semicylindrical to and becomes submerged. S indefinite. BORAGINACEAE S 6ft (2m). Large clusters of tubular,
cylindrical, green leaves. Flowers are borne Lance-or heart-shaped, soft green fronds yellowish-green flowers, fragrant at night,
after 1 or 2 years. Needs sun and well- are wavy-edged. Z13–15 H11–10. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials are borne in profusion in summer amid
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring with somewhat fleshy stems and leaves. narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
or summer. CERATOSTIGMA Requires full sun, and dry to moist but well- Z8–11 H11–8.
C. alstonii (Red spike). Prostrate, drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or C. purpureum of gardens. See C. elegans.
perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 3ft PLUMBAGINACEAE spring.
(1m). Has cylindrical, gray-green leaves, to C. major ‘Purpurascens’, illus. p.312. Ceterach officinarum. See Asplenium
3in (7cm) long. Produces daisylike, dark red Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or ceterach.
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer. evergreen shrubs and perennials, grown for CEROPEGIA
Z12–14 H11–10. their blue flowers and fall color. Requires a CHAENOMELES 535
C. pillansii (Griffith’s leadwort). Clump- sunny position and well-drained soil. Cut ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE
forming, perennial succulent. H 3in (8cm), out dead wood from shrubs in spring. Flowering quince
S 24in (60cm). Leaves are cylindrical, 21/2in Propagate shrubs by softwood cuttings in Genus of semievergreen, succulent shrubs
(6cm) long, dark green and covered in summer, perennials by division in spring. and subshrubs, most with slender, climbing ROSACEAE
darker dots. Short flower stems produce C. griffithii (Leadwort). Evergreen or or pendent stems, grown for their unusual
daisylike, red-centered, yellow flowers, semievergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft flowers. Needs partial shade and very well- Genus of deciduous, usually thorny, spring-
21/2in (6cm) across, from spring to fall. (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Spoon-shaped, bristly, drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem flowering shrubs, grown for their showy
Z13–15 H12–10. purple-edged, dull green leaves redden in cuttings in spring or summer. C. linearis flowers and fragrant fruits, produced in fall
fall. Clusters of tubular, bright blue flowers, subsp. woodii is often used as grafting and used for preserves. Prefers sun and
CEPHALOTAXUS with spreading petal lobes, are borne in stock for difficult asclepiads. well-drained soil. On wall-trained shrubs
late summer and fall. Z7–10 H10–7. C. distincta subsp. haygarthii. See C. cut back sideshoots after flowering to 2 or
Plum yew C. plumbaginoides, illus. p.346. haygarthii. 3 buds and shorten shoots growing away
CEPHALOTAXACEAE/TAXACEAE C. willmottianum, illus. p.159. C. haygarthii, syn. C. distincta subsp. from wall during growing season.
haygarthii (Orange cestrum). Propagate species by softwood or
See also CONIFERS. CERCIDIPHYLLUM Semievergreen, climbing, succulent greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
C. harringtonii (Plum yew). Bushy, subshrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S indefinite. in fall, cultivars by cuttings only in summer.
spreading conifer. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). CERCIDIPHYLLACEAE Bears oval or rounded, dark green leaves, Fireblight and, on alkaline soil, chlorosis
Needlelike, flattened leaves are glossy, dark 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) long. In summer produces are common problems.
green, grayish beneath, radiating around Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their masses of small, white or pinkish-white C. cathayensis (Common flowering
erect shoots. Bears ovoid, fleshy, green foliage and often spectacular fall color. Late flowers, each with a pitcher-shaped tube, quince), illus. p.142. Deciduous, spreading,
fruits that ripen to brown. Z6–9 H9–3. frosts may damage young foliage, but do widening towards the top and then united open shrub with thorns. H and S 10ft (3m)
not usually cause lasting harm. Requires at the tip by purplish-spotted petals that or more. Produces long, narrow, pointed,
CERASTIUM sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but form a short stem ending in 5 “knobs” mid-green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, pink-
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. edged with fine hairs. The whole resembles flushed, white flowers are produced from
CAROPHYLLACEAE C. japonicum, illus. p.66. an insect hovering over a flower. Z12–15 early to mid-spring, followed by large, egg-
H12–10. shaped, yellow-green fruits. Z7–9 H9–7.
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown CERCIS C. linearis, syn. C. linearis subsp. woodii, C. japonica (Japanese flowering quince).
for their star-shaped flowers. Some species C. woodii, illus. p.490. subsp. woodii. See Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub with
are useful as groundcover. Needs sun Redbud C. linearis. thorns. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has oval, mid-
and well-drained soil. Propagate by LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE C. sandersoniae. See C. sandersonii. green leaves and, in spring, a profusion of
division in spring. C. sandersonii, syn. C. sandersoniae 5-petaled, red or orange-red flowers, then
C. alpinum (Alpine chickweed). Prostrate Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees with (Fountain flower, Parachute plant). spherical, yellow fruits. Z5–9 H9–1.
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 16in (40cm). Tiny, sometimes shrubby growth, grown for C. speciosa. Vigorous, deciduous, bushy
oval, gray leaves cover stems. Flower stems their foliage and small, pealike flowers,

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shrub with thorns. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m). dark blue and green cones that ripen to C. hirsutus var. demissus. See C. Chamaespartium sagittale. See
Leaves are oval, glossy and dark green. brown. Z4–7 H9–1. ‘Pendula’ has a gaunt demissus. Genista sagittalis.
Clustered, 5-petaled, red flowers are borne crown of arching, weeping foliage. C. purpureus, syn. Cytisus purpureus Chamaespartium sagittale subsp.
from early to mid-spring, and are followed C. obtusa (Hinoki false cypress). Conical (Purple broom). Deciduous, arching shrub. delphinense. See Genista delphinensis.
by spherical, greenish-yellow fruits. Z5–9 conifer. H 50–70ft (15–20m), S 15ft (5m). H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Semierect
H9–1. ‘Moerloosei’ illus. p.122. ‘Nivalis’ Has stringy, red-brown bark and scalelike, stems are clothed with leaves of 3-palmate, CHAMELAUCIUM
has pure white flowers. ‘Simonii’, H 3ft aromatic, dark green leaves with bright obovate leaflets. Clusters of 2–3 pale lilac to
(1m), S 6ft (2m), bears masses of semidouble, silver lines at sides and incurving tips. purple flowers are produced in early MYRTACEAE
deep red flowers. ‘Snow’ illus. p.146. Small, rounded cones ripen to yellow- summer on previous year’s wood. Is
C. x superba ‘Etna’. is a deciduous, brown. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Coralliformis’, suitable for a bank or sunny border. Z6–9 Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
bushy,  dense shrub with thorns. H 5ft H to 20in (50cm), S 3ft (1m), is dwarf, with H9–6. f. albus illus. p.337. flowers and overall appearance. Requires
(1.5m), S 10ft (3m). Has oval, glossy, dark threadlike shoots. ‘Crippsii’ illus. p.104. C. supinus, syn. Cytisus supinus. full sun and well-drained, sandy, neutral to
green leaves. Bears masses of 5-petaled, ‘Intermedia’, H to 12in (30cm), S 16in Deciduous, bushy, rounded shrub. H and acidic soil. Water container specimens
scarlet flowers, with conspicuous, golden- (40cm), is a globular, open, dwarf shrub S 3ft (1m). Dense, terminal heads of large, moderately when in growth, sparingly at
yellow anthers, in spring, followed by with downward-spreading, light green yellow flowers are borne from mid-summer other times. To maintain a more compact
round, yellow fruits. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Crimson foliage. ‘Kosteri’, H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 6–10ft to fall amid gray-green leaves with habit, cut back flowered stems by half
and Gold’ illus. p.193. ‘Knap Hill (2–3m), forms a sprawling bush with 3-palmate, oblong-elliptic leaflets. Z5–9 when the last bloom falls. Propagate by
Scarlet’ (Fernbush), H 5ft (1.5m), S 10ft twisted, lustrous foliage. Is extremely slow- H9–5. seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
(3m), produces large, brilliant red flowers. growing. ‘Nana’ eventual H 3ft (1m), summer.
‘Nicoline’ illus. p.147. ‘Rowallane’ illus. S 5–6ft (1.5–2m), makes a flat-topped bush. CHAMAEDAPHNE C. uncinatum [white], illus. p.453; [pink],
p.147. ‘Nana Aurea’, H and S 6ft (2m), has illus. p.454.
golden-yellow leaves. ‘Nana Gracilis’ ERICACEAE
CHAMAEBATIARIA (illus. p.105), H 6ft (2m), S 5–6ft (1.5–2m), CHASMANTHE
has glossy foliage. ‘Tetragona Aurea’, Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
ROSACEAE H 30ft (10m), S 6–10ft (2–3m), produces grown for its white flowers. Needs sun or IRIDACEAE
golden- or bronze-yellow leaves. partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.
Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, C. pisifera (Sawara false cypress). Conical Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. Genus of corms, grown for their showy
grown for its foliage and summer flowers. conifer with horizontal branches. H 50ft C. calyculata (Leatherleaf). Evergreen, flowers. Needs a site in full sun or partial
Needs a sheltered, sunny position and well- (15m), S 15ft (5m). Has ridged, peeling, red- arching, open shrub. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 3ft shade and well-drained soil, with plenty of
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe brown bark, scalelike, aromatic, fresh (1m). Leaves are small, oblong, leathery water in late winter and early spring.
cuttings in summer. green leaves, white at sides and beneath, and dark green. Leafy racemes of small, Reduce watering in summer–fall. Propagate
C. millefolium. Deciduous, upright, open and angular, yellow-brown cones. Z4–8 urn-shaped flowers are borne on slender by division in fall.
shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has finely divided, H8–1. ‘Boulevard’ has silver-blue foliage. branches in mid- to late spring. Z3–6 H6–1. C. aethiopica. Spring- and early
aromatic, gray-green leaves. Shallowly cup- ‘Filifera’ has whiplike, hanging shoots summer-flowering corm. H to 32in
shaped, white flowers, with yellow stamens, and dark green foliage. ‘Filifera Aurea’ CHAMAEDOREA (80cm), S 5–7in (12–18cm). Has narrowly
are borne in terminal, branching panicles (illus. p.105), H 40ft (12m), S 10–15ft (3–5m), sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves in a flat
from mid- to late summer. Z4–7 H7–4. also has whiplike shoots, but with golden- ARECACEAE/PALMAE fan. Produces a spike of scarlet flowers,
yellow leaves. ‘Filifera Nana’, H 2ft all facing one way, with yellow tubes, 2–
C Chamaecereus silvestrii. See (60cm), S 3ft (1m), is a dwarf form with Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their 21/2in (5–6cm) long, and hooded, upper
Echinopsis chamaecereus. whiplike branches. ‘Nana’, H and S 20in overall appearance. Needs full or partial lips. Z8–10 H10–8.
536 (50cm), is also dwarf, with dark bluish- shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water C. floribunda (Wild oats). Summer-
CHAMAECYPARIS green foliage. ‘Plumosa’ is broadly conical container plants moderately, less when flowering corm. H to 32in (80cm),
to columnar, with yellowish-gray-green temperatures are low. Propagate by seed in S 5–7in (12–18cm). Is similar to C.
False cypress leaves. ‘Plumosa Rogersii’, H 6ft (2m), spring at not less than 77°F (25°C). Red aethiopica, but the leaves are much wider,
S 3ft (1m), has yellow foliage. Slow- spider mite may be troublesome. and the longer, orange or scarlet
CUPRESSACEAE growing ‘Squarrosa’, H to 70ft (20m), has C. elegans, syn. Neanthe bella, illus. p.458. flowers do not all face the same way.
a broad crown and soft, blue-gray foliage. Z9–10 H10–9.
T Contact with the foliage may aggravate C. thyoides, illus. p.101. ‘Andelyensis’ CHAMAEMELUM
is a slow-growing, conical, dwarf conifer. CHASMANTHIUM
skin allergies. See also CONIFERS. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has wedge-shaped COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
C. lawsoniana (Lawson false cypress). tufts of scalelike, aromatic, blue-green GRAMINAE/POACEAE
Upright, columnar conifer with branches leaves. Globular cones are glaucous blue- Genus of evergreen perennials, suitable
drooping at tips. H 50–80ft (15–25m), gray. as groundcover or for a lawn. Flowers may See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
S 10–12ft (3–4m). Bears flattened sprays of be used to make tea. Needs sun and well- and SEDGES.
scalelike, aromatic, dark green leaves and CHAMAECYTISUS drained soil. Propagate by division in C. latifolium, illus. p.288.
globular cones, the males brick-red, the spring or by seed in fall.
females insignificant and green. Z5–9 H9–5. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE C. nobile, syn. Anthemis nobilis CHEILANTHES
‘Columnaris’ illus. p.103. ‘Ellwoodii’, (Chamomile). Evergreen, mat-forming,
H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m), is erect with Genus of evergreen and deciduous trees, invasive perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 18in ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE
incurved, blue-gray leaves. ‘Fletcheri’, shrubs and subshrubs, grown for pealike (45cm). Has finely divided, aromatic leaves
H 15–40ft (5–12m), S 6–10ft (2–3m), has gray flowers. Best in full sun and moderately and daisylike, white flower heads, with Genus of evergreen ferns. Needs full
leaves that are incurved. ‘Gnome’, H and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed yellow centers, borne in late spring or sun and rich, well-drained soil. Do not
S 20in (50cm), is a dwarf, bun-shaped form in fall or spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Treneague’ is a overwater container plants or splash
with blue foliage. ‘Green Pillar’ illus. summer. non-flowering, less invasive cultivar that, water on fronds. Remove fading foliage
p.102. ‘Intertexta’ illus. p.96. C. albus, syn. Cytisus albua, Cytisus requiring less mowing, is better for a lawn. regularly. Propagate by spores
‘Kilmacurragh’, H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 3ft leucanthus. Deciduous, spreading shrub. in summer.
(1m), has very bright green foliage. ‘Lanei H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Has oval leaves, Chamaenerion. See Epilobium. C. lanosa of gardens. See C. tomentosa.
Aurea’, illus. p.102. ‘Minima’, H and S 3ft each with 3 tiny leaflets and, from early to Chamaepericlymenum canadense. See C. tomentosa, syn. C. lanosa. Evergreen
(1m), is dwarf and globular, and has light mid-summer, creamy-white flowers borne Cornus canadensis. fern. H and S 6–9in (15–23cm). Leaves are
green foliage. ‘Pembury Blue’ illus. p.99. in dense clusters. Z6–9 H9–6. triangular or lance-shaped and have much
‘Tamariscifolia’, syn. C. lawsoniana C. demissus, syn. C. hirsutus var. CHAMAEROPS divided, soft green fronds on hairy, black
Tamariscifolia Group, H 10ft (3m), S 12ft demissus, Cytisus demissus. Slow-growing, stems. Z6–9 H9–6.
(4m), is a dwarf, spreading form. deciduous, prostrate shrub. H 3in (8cm), ARECACEAE/PALMAE
Tamariscifolia Group. See C. lawsoniana S 8–12in (20–30cm). Densely hairy stems Cheiranthus ‘Bowles’ Mauve’. See
‘Tamariscifolia’. ‘Triomf van Boskoop’, bear tiny, bright green leaves with Genus of evergreen palms, cultivated for Erysimum ‘Bowles’s Mauve’.
H 70ft (20m), is broadly columnar, with 3-palmate, obovate leaflets. Produces their overall appearance. Needs full sun Cheiranthus ‘Bredon’. See Erysimum
gray-blue foliage. ‘Wisselii’, H 50ft (15m), axillary clusters of 2–4 bright yellow and fertile, well-drained soil. Water ‘Bredon’.
S 6–10ft (2–3m), is fast-growing, with erect flowers, each with a brown keel, in early container plants moderately, less when not Cheiranthus cheiri. See Erysimum cheiri.
branches and blue-green leaves. summer. Is good for a rock garden or in full growth. Propagate by seed in spring Cheiranthus cheiri ‘Harpur Crewe’.
C. nootkatensis (Alaska cedar, Nootka trough. Z6–9 H9–6. at not less than 72°F (22°C) or by suckers in See Erysimum x kewense ‘Harpur Crewe’.
false cypress). Almost geometrically conical late spring. Red spider mite may be a Cheiranthus ‘Moonlight’. See Erysimum
conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 20ft (6m). Bears nuisance. ‘Moonlight’.
long, pendent sprays of scalelike, aromatic, C. humilis, illus. p.165.
gray-green leaves and globular, hooked,

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CHEIRIDOPSIS var. concolor. See C. praecox ‘Luteus’. and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by any time. Small rosettes of leaves may
‘Luteus’, syn. C. var. luteus, C. praecox division in late summer or fall. appear on flower stems, forming
AIZOACEAE var. concolor, C. praecox ‘Concolor’ has x C. allenii, illus. p.419. plantlets. Z13–15 H11–10.
pure yellow flowers. ‘Vittatum’ illus. p.465.
Genus of clump-forming, perennial CHIRITA
succulents with pairs of semicylindrical CHIMONOBAMBUSA CHOISYA
leaves. Needs sun and well-drained soil. GESNERIACEAE
Water in fall to encourage flowers. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE RUTACEAE
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in Genus of evergreen perennials or
spring or summer. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
C. candidissima. See C. denticulata. and SEDGES. Requires well-drained soil, a fairly humid foliage and flowers. Requires full sun and
C. denticulata, syn. C. candidissima. C. timidissinoda, illus. p.287. atmosphere and a light position out of fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
Clump-forming, perennial succulent. H 4in direct sunlight. Propagate by tip cuttings in semiripe cuttings in late summer.
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). Has semicylindrical, CHIONANTHUS summer or,  if available, seed in late winter C. ‘Aztec Pearl’, illus. p.122.
slender, fleshy, blue-gray leaves, each with or spring. C. ternata, illus. p.122. SUNDANCE (‘Lich’)
a flat top,  joined in pairs for almost half Fringetree C. lavandulacea, illus. p.473. illus. p.148.
their length. Bears daisylike, shiny, OLEACEAE C. sinensis. Evergreen, stemless,
white flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) across, rosetted perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S 10in Chordospartium stevensonii. See
in spring. Z9–11 H11–10. Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for (25cm) or more. Has oval, almost fleshy Carmichaelia stevensonii.
C. purpurata. See C. purpurea. their profuse, white flowers. Flowers leaves, the corrugated, hairy surfaces
C. purpurea, syn. C. purpurata. more freely in areas with hot summers. usually patterned with silver marks. CHORISIA
Carpeting, perennial succulent. H 4in Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained In spring–summer, clusters of tubular,
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has semicylindrical, but not too dry soil. Propagate by seed in lavender flowers are held above leaves. Floss silk tree
thick, short, glaucous green leaves, each fall. Z14–15 H11–10.
with a flat top. In early spring produces C. retusus (Chinese fringe tree). BOMBACACEAE/MALVACEAE
daisylike, purple-pink flowers, 11/2in Deciduous, often treelike, arching shrub. CHLIDANTHUS
(4cm) across. Z13–15 H11–10. H and S 10ft (3m). From early to mid- Genus of deciduous trees, usually with
summer, star-shaped, pure white flowers AMARYLLIDACEAE spine-covered trunks, grown mainly for
CHELIDONIUM are produced in large clusters amid oval, their flowers in fall and winter and their
bright green leaves. Z5–9 H9–3. Genus of one species of summer-flowering overall appearance. Needs full light and
Greater celandine C. virginicus, illus. p.112. bulb, grown for its showy, funnel-shaped well-drained soil. Water container
flowers. Needs a sunny site and well- specimens freely when in full growth, very
PAPAVERACEAE CHIONOCHLOA drained soil. Plant in the open in spring. little when leafless. Pruning is tolerated if
After flowering, if necessary, lift and dry necessary. Propagate by seed in spring.
Genus of one species of perennial that GRAMINEAE/POACEAE off for winter. Propagate by offsets in Red spider mite may be troublesome.
rapidly forms groundcover. Grows in sun spring. C. speciosa, syn. Ceiba speciosa, illus.
or shade and in any but very wet soil. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES C. fragrans, illus. p.424. p.450.
Propagate by seed or division in fall. and SEDGES.
C. conspicua (Hunangemoho grass). CHLOROGALUM CHORIZEMA C
T Contact with the sap may cause skin Evergreen, tussock-forming, perennial
grass. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Very LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
blisters. long, mid-green leaves are tinged reddish-
C. majus ‘Flore Pleno’, illus. p.227. brown. Has sturdy, arching stems with Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown Genus of evergreen subshrubs, shrubs and
long, loose, open panicles of cream more for botanical interest than for floral scandent climbers, grown mainly for their
CHELONE spikelets in summer. Z7–10 H10–7. display. Requires sun and well-drained soil. flowers. Requires full light and rich, well-
C. rubra, illus. p.285. Propagate by seed in fall or spring. drained, sandy soil, preferably neutral to
Turtlehead C. pomeridianum. Summer-flowering acidic. Water container plants moderately,
CHIONODOXA bulb. H to 8ft (2.5m), S 6–8in (15–20cm). less when not in full growth. Tie climbers to
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE Semierect, basal leaves are long, narrow supports, or grow in hanging baskets.
Glory-of-the-snow and gray-green, with wavy margins. Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE Produces a large, loosely branched head of cuttings in summer.
perennials. Needs partial shade and moist small, saucer-shaped, white flowers, with a C. ilicifolium, illus. p.454.
soil. Propagate by soft-tip cuttings in Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, related central, green or purple stripe on each
summer or by division or seed in fall or to Scilla. Is suitable for rock gardens petal, that open after midday. Chrysalidocarpus lutescens. See
spring. and for naturalizing under shrubs, in Dypsis lutescens.
C. barbata. See Penstemon barbatus. sun or partial shade. Requires well- CHLOROPHYTUM
C. obliqua, illus. p.438. drained soil, top-dressed with leaf mold CHRYSANTHEMUM 537
or mature garden compost in fall. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
CHIASTOPHYLLUM Propagate by seed in fall or by division COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
in late summer or fall. Genus of evergreen, stemless perennials
CRASSULACEAE C. forbesii, syn. C. luciliae, C. siehei, with short rhizomes, grown for their Genus of annuals, perennials, some of
C. tmolusii, illus. p.419. foliage. Grow in a light position, away from which are evergreen, and evergreen
Genus of one species of evergreen C. gigantea. See C. luciliae. direct sun, in fertile, well-drained soil. subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Each
perennial, grown for its succulent leaves C. luciliae, syn. C. gigantea, illus. p.420. Water freely in growing season but flower head is referred to horticulturally as
and sprays of small, yellow flowers. Thrives C. luciliae of gardens. See C. forbesii. sparingly at other times if container-grown. a flower, even though it does in fact
in rock crevices. Needs shade and well- C. ‘Pink Giant’, illus. p.416. Propagate by seed, division or plantlets comprise a large number of individual
drained soil that is not too dry. Propagate C. sardensis. Early spring-flowering (produced on flower stems of some species) flowers or florets; this horticultural usage
by sideshoot cuttings in early summer or bulb. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). at any time except winter. has been followed in the descriptions
by seed in fall. Has 2 narrowly lance-shaped, semierect, C. capense. Evergreen, tufted perennial. below. Leaves are usually deeply lobed or
C. oppositifolium, syn. Cotyledon basal leaves. Leafless stem has 4–15 flattish, H 12in (30cm), S indefinite. Forms cut, often feathery, oval to lance-shaped.
simplicifolia, illus. p.335. slightly pendent or outward-facing, deep rosettes of lance- or strap-shaped, bright Florists’ chrysanthemums (nowadays
rich blue flowers, 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) across green leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. Tiny, considered to belong to the genus
CHIMONANTHUS and with, or without an indistinct, white white flowers in racemes, to 24in (60cm) Dendranthema) comprise the vast majority
eye. Z3–9 H9–1. long, are borne in summer. Does not of chrysanthemums now cultivated and are
CALYCANTHACEAE C. siehei. See C. forbesii. produce plantlets. Z13–15 H11–10. perennials grown for garden decoration,
C. tmolusii. See C. forbesii. C. capense of gardens. See C. comosum. cutting and exhibition. Florists’
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, winter- C. comosum, syn. C. capense (Spider chrysanthemums (and the other
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers. x CHIONOSCILLA plant). Evergreen, tufted perennial. H 12in chrysanthemums treated here) generally
At limits of hardiness reduce susceptibility (30cm), S indefinite. Very narrow leaves, perform well in Z5–9 H9–5; for extra
of flowers to frost by training plants LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE to 18in (45cm) long, spread from a protection, crowns should be lifted and
against a south- or west-facing wall. Needs Hybrid genus (Chionodoxa x Scilla) of rosette. Racemes of many small, star- stored in a frost-free place over winter.
full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. spring-flowering bulbs, suitable for rock shaped, white flowers are produced on Needs a sunny site and reasonably fertile,
Propagate species by seed when ripe, in gardens. Needs full sun or partial shade thin stems, 24in (60cm) or more long, at well-drained soil. If grown for exhibition,
late spring and early summer, cultivars by requires regular feeding. Pinch out
softwood cuttings in summer. growing tips to encourage lateral growths
C. fragrans. See C. praecox. var. luteus.
See C. praecox ‘Luteus’.
C. praecox, syn. C. fragrans, illus. p.144.

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C on which flowers will be borne, and stake Connecticut in the 1930s and the prime (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Light bronze flowers, (30cm). Bears pink flowers, 10in (25cm)
tall plants with canes. Propagate annuals quality, which they all have in common, is 1in (2.5cm) across, with yellow centers, are wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
538 by seed sown in position in spring; thin their dependable hardiness: they can be left borne on small-leaved plants in mid-fall. C. ‘Emperor of China’, illus. p.252.
out, but do not transplant. Propagate hardy in the ground all winter without protection. C. ‘Bronze Fairie’. Pompon florists’ Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 4ft
perennials by division in fall, after They are ideal for general garden use, in chrysanthemum. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 2ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Double, silvery pink
flowering, or in early spring. Florists’ fact they require little special treatment (60cm). Has bronze flowers, 11/2in (4cm) flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with quilled
chrysanthemums should be propagated other than good winter drainage; their across, in early fall. petals, are borne in late fall above red-
from basal softwood cuttings in spring. hardiness can be compromised if grown in C. ‘Bronze Hedgerow’. Single florists’ tinted leaves.
Spray regularly to control aphids, capsids, poorly drained soil. Some are usefully late chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2–3ft C. ‘Enbee Wedding’, illus. p.252. Spray
froghoppers, earwigs, mildew and white in coming into flower; some need support (75cm–1m). Produces bronze flowers, 5in florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m),
rust. while others are short and bushy. The taller (12cm) across, in late fall. S 21/2ft (75cm). Has single, light pink
types make good cut flowers. C. ‘Bronze Yvonne Arnaud’. Reflexed flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in early fall.
Florists’ chrysanthemums Those most suitable for garden decoration florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), Is good for exhibition.
Florists’ chrysanthemums are grouped are sprays, pompoms and early reflexed S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Is a sport of C. ‘Yvonne C. ‘Fairweather’. Incurved florists’
according to their widely varying flower chrysanthemums. All are suitable for Arnaud’ with fully reflexed, bronze flowers chrysanthemum. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
forms, approximate flowering season cutting, except for charms. Late-flowering in early fall. (60cm). Bears pale purplish-pink flowers,
(early, mid- or late fall) and habit. They are chrysanthemums are suitable for growing C. ‘Buff Margaret’. Spray florists’ 51/2in (14cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for
divided into disbudded and non-disbudded only under glass as flowers need protection chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S to 21/2ft exhibition.
types. For descriptions and illustrations of from poor weather; they should be grown (75cm). Has reflexed, pale bronze flowers, C. ‘Fiona Lynn’. Reflexed florists’
flower forms, see feature panel pp.252–3. in pots and placed in a greenhouse in early to 31/2in (9cm) wide, in early fall. chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft
Disbudded types—single, anemone- fall, when the flower buds have developed. C. carinatum. See Ismelia carinata. (75cm). Fully reflexed, pink flowers, to
centered, incurved, intermediate and Intermediate cultivars are also less suitable C. ‘Carmine Blush’, illus. p.253. 7–8in (18–20cm) across, are produced in
reflexed—are so called because all buds, for garden decoration as florets may collect Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 24in early fall. Is ideal for exhibition.
except the one that is to flower, are and retain rain and thus become damaged. (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces single, C. frutescens. See Argyranthemum
removed from each stem. To produce Those cultivars suitable for exhibition are clear rose-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, frutescens.‘Jamaica Primrose’. See
exhibition flowers, incurved, intermediate noted below. Measurements of flowers each with a greenish-yellow center, from Argyranthemum ‘Jamaica Primrose’.
and reflexed chrysanthemums may be given are the greatest normally achieved mid-fall to early winter. ‘Mary Wootton’. See Argyranthemum
restricted to only 2 blooms per plant by and may vary considerably depending on C. ‘Chelsea Physic Garden’, illus. p.253. ‘Mary Wootton’.
removing all except the 2 most vigorous growing conditions. Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 45in C. ‘George Griffiths’, illus. p.253.
lateral growths. In gardens, allow 4 or 5 (115cm), S 36in (90cm). In late fall bears Reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4–41/2ft
blooms per plant to develop. Single and C. ‘Alison Kirk’. Incurved florists’ double, bronze flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, (1.2–1.35m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces fully
anemone-centered flowers should be chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1–2ft with yellow-petaled undersides. reflexed, deep red flowers, to 51/2in (14cm)
reduced to 4–8 blooms per plant for (30–60cm). Produces white flowers, to C. ‘Chesapeake’, illus. p.252. Spider-form wide, in early fall. Is excellent for
exhibition, according to their vigor, and 10 5–6in (12–15cm) across, in early fall. Is florists’ chrysanthemum. H 48in (1.2m), exhibition.
or more for garden decoration or cutting. more suitable for exhibition than for S 20in (50cm). Quill-shaped, white flowers, C. ‘Gigantic’. Tightly incurved or loosely
Non-disbudded types—charm, pompom garden use. to 8in (20cm) across, are borne in fall when reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum, its form
and spray chrysanthemums—have several C. alpinum. See Leucanthemopsis alpina. disbudded. depending on the amount of warmth
flowers per stem. C. ‘Amber Yvonne Arnaud’. C. ‘Chessington’. Intermediate florists’ provided. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 1ft (30cm). Has
Charm chrysanthemums are dwarf plants Reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft chrysanthemum. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m), S 21/2ft salmon-pink flowers, 10–11in (25–27cm)
that produce hundreds of star-shaped, (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Is a sport of (75cm). Produces fairly tightly incurving, wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
single flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, densely C. ‘Yvonne Arnaud’ with fully reflexed, white flowers, 7–8in (18–20cm) across, in C. ‘Ginger Nut’. Intermediate florists’
covering each plant to form a amber flowers in early fall. early fall. Is more suitable for exhibition chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft
hemispherical to almost spherical head. C. ‘Anastasia’, illus. p.253. Semi-pompom than for garden use. (60–75cm). Bears tightly incurving, light
For exhibition, finish growing in at least chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm), S 20in C. ‘Christina’. Intermediate florists’ bronze flowers, to 51/2in (14cm) across,
12in (30cm) pots. Plants for indoor (50cm). Has flat-topped, dark purplish-pink chrysanthemum. H 41/2–5ft (1.35–1.5m), occasionally closing at top to form a true
decoration are grown in smaller pots and flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across, with yellow S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Bears loosely incurved flower, in early fall. Is good for
have correspondingly smaller, though centers, in mid-fall. incurving, white flowers, to 51/2in (14cm) exhibition.
equally dense, heads of blooms. C. ‘Apollo’, illus. p.253. Korean Group wide, in early fall. Is suitable for exhibition. C. ‘Golden Chalice’, illus. p.253. Charm
Pompom chrysanthemums are also dwarf. chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm), S 30in C. ‘Claire Louise’. Reflexed florists’ florists’ chrysanthemum. H and S 3ft (1m).
Each plant has 50 or more dense, spherical (75cm). Single, bronze-red flowers, 2in chrysanthemum. H 4–41/2ft (1.2–1.35m), Bears single, yellow flowers, 1in (2.5cm)
or occasionally hemispherical, fully double (5cm) across, with petals of uneven length, S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces fully reflexed, wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
flowers that have tubular petals (for open from dark red buds in late fall. bronze flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, in C. ‘Golden Gigantic’. Tightly incurved
illustrations see p.252). They are excellent C. ‘Aunt Millicent’, illus. p.252. Korean early fall. Is ideal for exhibition. or loosely reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum.
for growing in borders. Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm), C. ‘Clara Curtis’, illus. p.247. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 1ft (30cm). Produces large,
Semi-pompom chrysanthemums, S 24in (60cm). Produces abundant, single, C. coccineum. See Tanacetum coccineum. gold flowers, 10–11in (25–27cm) wide, in
sometimes called Japanese pompom, have silvery-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, C. coronarium. See Xanthophthalmum late fall. Is good for exhibition.
similar flowers to those of the pompom but each with a pale zone around the yellow coronarium. C. ‘Golden Woolman’s Glory’. Single
as they mature the yellow centers are center, in mid-fall. Has rather large leaves. C. ‘Cottage Apricot’, illus. p.253. Korean florists’ chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft
revealed. C. ‘Autumn Days’. Intermediate florists’ Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm), (1m). Golden flowers, to 7in (18cm) across,
Spray chrysanthemums have a variety of chrysanthemum. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m), S 24in (60cm). Single, bright orange are borne in late fall. Is excellent for
flower forms: single, anemone-centered, S to 21/2ft (75cm). Bears loosely incurving, flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, each with a exhibition.
intermediate, reflexed, pompom, spoon- bronze flowers, 5in (12cm) across, in early narrow yellow ring around the yellow C. ‘Grandchild’, illus. p.253. Korean
shaped (in which each straight, tubular fall. center, are borne in mid-fall. Group chrysanthemum. H 18in (45cm),
floret opens out like a spoon at its tip), C. ‘Beacon’. Intermediate florists’ C. densum. See Tanacetum densum subsp. S 16in (40cm). Has double, bright mauve
quill-shaped and spider-form. Each plant chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). amani. flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in early fall.
should be allowed to develop 4 or 5 stems Bears red, sometimes bronze, flowers, to C. ‘Doctor Tom Parr’, illus. p.253. C. ‘Green Satin’. Intermediate florists’
with at least 5 flowers per stem. Grow l 7in (18cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for Semi-pompon chrysanthemum. H and chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
ate-flowering sprays on up to 3 stems exhibition. S 18in (45cm). Rather flat, rose-madder Produces loosely incurving, green flowers,
per plant. With controlled day length, to C. ‘Bill Wade’. Intermediate florists’ flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across, with gold to 5in (12cm) wide, in late fall.
regulate flowering dates for exhibition chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.35m), S 2ft flashes fading to beige, are produced in C. haradjanii. See Tanacetum haradjanii.
purposes, late sprays should be allowed (60cm). Loosely incurving, white flowers, mid-fall. Is a darker sport of C. ‘Anastasia’. C. hosmariense. See Rhodanthemum
to develop at least 12 flowers per stem; 7–8in (18–20cm) across, are borne in early C. ‘Duchess of Edinburgh’, illus. p.253. hosmariense.
without day length control, 6 or 7 flowers fall. Is more suitable for exhibition than for Korean Group chrysanthemum. H and C. ‘Idris’. Incurved florists’
per stem. garden use. S 24in (60cm). In early and mid-fall bears chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 11/2ft
C. ‘Brietner’. Reflexed florists’ semidouble, rich coppery-red flowers, 2in (45cm). Has salmon-pink flowers, 8–10in
Korean Group chrysanthemums chrysanthemum. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m), (5cm) across, with yellow centers, some (21–25cm) wide, in late fall.
Korean Group chrysanthemums have a S 21/2ft (75cm). Fully reflexed, pink flowers, with tufts of petals in the center. Z4–8 H8–4. C. ‘Innocence’, illus. p.252. Rubellum
variety of flower forms: anemone-centered, to 5in (12cm) wide, are borne in early fall. C. ‘Elsie Prosser’. Fully reflexed florists’ Group chrysanthemum. H 32in (80cm),
pompom, reflexed, single, intermediate, C. ‘Bronze Elegance’, illus. p.253. chrysanthemum. H 41/2–5ft (1.3–1.5m), S 1ft S 20in (50cm). Single, palest pink flowers,
spider, quill and spoon. All are derived Semi-pompon chrysanthemum. H 24in
from plants originally developed in

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21/2in (6cm) across, with several layers of C. ‘Nancye Furneaux’. Reflexed florists’ wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition. flowers, 3in (7cm) across, are borne in early C
petals and a narrow, white ring round the chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft C. ‘Primrose West Bromwich’. fall. Has dark green leaves.
green-centered, yellow disc, are produced (45cm). Has yellow flowers, 8–10in Reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum. H 7ft C. x superbum. See Leucanthemum x
in mid- and late fall over red-tinted leaves. (21–25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good (2.2m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Fully reflexed, superbum.
C. ‘John Wingfield’. Reflexed florists’ for exhibition. pale yellow flowers, to 7in (18cm) or more C. ‘Talbot Jo’. Spray florists’
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2–2ft C. ‘Nantyderry Sunshine’, illus. p.253. wide, are borne in mid-fall. Use only for chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 30in
(45–60cm). Produces white, often pink- Semi-pompom chrysanthemum. H and exhibition. (75cm). Bears single, yellow-centered, pink
flushed, flowers, 5in (12cm) wide, in late S 20in (50cm). Bright yellow flowers, 1in C. ‘Purleigh White’, illus. p.252. Semi- flower heads, 3in (8cm) across, in early fall.
fall. Is good for exhibition. (2.5cm) across, each with a small, yellow pompom chrysanthemum. H and S 20in Is good for exhibition.
C. ‘Keith Luxford’. Incurved florists’ center, are borne in mid- to late fall. May (50cm). In mid- and late fall bears white C. ‘Tapestry Rose’, illus. p.253. Korean
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft occasionally revert to the pink of C. ‘Mei- flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, slightly blushed Group chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm),
(45cm). Bears pink flowers, 8–10in kyo’. in pink, each with a small, yellow center. S 24in (60cm). Slightly messy, rich rose-
(21–25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good C. ‘Nell Gwynn’, illus. p.252. Korean Has small leaves. pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with
for exhibition. Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm), C. ‘Purple Pennine Wine’. Spray green-centered, yellow discs, are produced
C. ‘Lemon Rynoon’. Spray florists’ S 24in (60cm). Single, rose-pink flowers, florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), in mid-fall.
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 30–39in 23/4in (6.5cm) across, each with a primrose- S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Bears reflexed, C. tricolor. See Ismelia carinata.
(75–100cm). Has single, yellow-centered yellow ring around the yellow center, are purplish-red flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in C. ulignosum. See Leucanthemella
flower heads, 3in (8cm) across, in pale produced in late summer and early fall early fall. Is very good for exhibition. serotina.
lemon-yellow fading to white, in late fall. above broad, mid-green leaves. C. ‘Ringdove’. Charm florists’ C. ‘Venice’. Reflexed florists’
C. ‘Lundy’. Fully reflexed florists’ C. ‘Oracle’. Intermediate florists’ chrysanthemum. H and S 3ft (1m). Has chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60– masses of pink flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, (60–75cm). Reflexed, pink flowers, to 6in
(45cm). Bears white flowers, 8–10in 75cm). Produces loosely incurving, pale in late fall. Is excellent for exhibition. (15cm) wide, are produced in early fall. Is
(21–25cm) wide, often broader than they bronze flowers, to 5in (12cm) wide, in early C. ‘Robeam’. Spray florists’ good for exhibition.
are deep, in late fall. Is good for exhibition. fall. Is useful for exhibition. chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2–3ft C. ‘Wendy’. Spray florists’
C. ‘Madeleine’. Spray florists’ C. parthenium. See Tanacetum (75–100cm). Produces reflexed, yellow chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21/2ft parthenium. flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in late fall. Is (60–75cm). Produces reflexed, pale bronze
(75cm). Has reflexed, pink flowers, to 3in C. ‘Paul Boissier’, illus. p.253. Rubellum good for exhibition. flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in early fall. Is
(8cm) across, in early fall. Is good for Group chrysanthemum. H 39in (1m), S 30in C. ‘Rose Yvonne Arnaud’. Reflexed excellent for exhibition. Z4–9 H9–1.
exhibition. (75cm). Has semidouble, orange-bronze florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), C. weyrichii. Mat-forming, rhizomatous
C. ‘Majestic’. Fully reflexed florists’ flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with sharp- S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Is a sport of C. ‘Yvonne perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). In
chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 11/2ft pointed petals, in mid- to late fall. Arnaud’, producing fully reflexed, red fall bears single, yellow-centered, pink or
(45cm). Has light bronze flowers, 8–10in C. ‘Peach Brietner’. Reflexed florists’ flowers in early fall. Z4–9 H9–1. white flowers, 5cm (2in) across. Z5–9 H9–5.
(21–25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for chrysanthemum. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m), C. ‘Roy Coopland’. Intermediate to C. ‘Woking Rose’. Intermediate florists’
exhibition. S 21/2ft (75cm). Is a sport of C. ‘Brietner’ loosely incurved florists’ chrysanthemum. chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft
C. ‘Maria’. Pompom florists’ with fully reflexed, peach-colored flowers. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces (45cm). Has rose-pink flowers, to 8in (21cm)
chrysanthemum. H 11/2ft (45cm), S 1–2ft C. ‘Pennine Alfie’. Spray florists’ bronze flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, in late fall. wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
(30–60cm). Bears masses of pink flowers, chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft Is good for exhibition. C. ‘Yellow Brietner’. Reflexed florists’
to 11/2in (4cm) across, in early fall. (60–75cm). Spoon-shaped, pale bronze C. ‘Ruby Mound’, illus. p.253. Korean chrysanthemum. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m),
C. ‘Marian Gosling’. Reflexed florists’ flowers, to 21/2–3in (6–8cm) wide, are borne Group chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm), S 21/2ft (75cm). Is a sport of C. ‘Brietner’ with
chrysanthemum. H 4–41/2ft (1.2–1.35m), in early fall. Is suitable for exhibition. Z4–9 S 32in (80cm). Prolific, fully double, rich fully reflexed, yellow flowers in early fall.
S 2ft (60cm). Fully reflexed, pale pink H9–1. deep maroon flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, C. ‘Yellow John Hughes’, illus. p.253.
flowers, to 51/2in (14cm) wide, are produced C. ‘Pennine Flute’. Quill-shaped florists’ are borne in mid- and late fall. Incurved florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft
in early fall. Is good for exhibition. chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft C. ‘Rumpelstilzchen’, illus. p.253. Korean (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Yellow flowers,
C. ‘Marion’. Spray florists’ (60–75cm). Is similar to C. ‘Pennine Alfie’, Group chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm), to 5–51/2in (12–14cm) wide, are produced in
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21/2ft but has pink flowers. S 20in (50cm). Single, rich red flowers, late fall. Is excellent for exhibition.
(75cm). Produces reflexed, pale yellow C. ‘Pennine Oriel’, illus. p.252. 11/2in (4cm) across, with several layers of C. ‘Yvonne Arnaud’. Reflexed florists’
flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, from late Spray florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft petals and a narrow, yellow ring around chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft
summer. (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Anemone- the yellow center, are produced in early fall. (60–75cm). Fully reflexed, purple flowers, to
C. ‘Mary Stoker’, illus. p.253. Rubellum centered, white flowers, to 9cm (3½in) Dislikes wet soil in winter. 5in (12cm) wide, are produced in early fall.
Group chrysanthemum. H 39in (100cm), across, are produced in early fall. Is very C. ‘Rytorch’. Spray florists’
S 36in (90cm). Bears slightly ragged- good for exhibition. chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 30–39in CHRYSOGONUM
looking, single, creamy-apricot flowers, 2in C. ‘Perry’s Peach’, illus. p.253. Korean (75–100cm). Produces single, light bronze,
(5cm) across, each with a domed, yellow Group chrysanthemum. H 20in (50cm), yellow-centered flower heads, to 3in (8cm) COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
center, in mid-fall. Tends to run at the roots. S 16in (40cm). Single, peach-pink flowers, across, in late fall.
Z4–8 H8–4. 2in (5cm) across, each with a narrow, C. ‘Salmon Fairie’. Pompom florists’ Genus of one species of summer- to fall-
C. ‘Mason’s Bronze’. Single florists’ cream band round the golden-yellow chrysanthemum. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 2ft flowering perennial. Is suitable for rock
chrysanthemum. H 41/2–5ft (1.35–1.5m), S to center, are produced in mid-fall over red- (60cm). Is similar to C. ‘Bronze Fairie’, but gardens. Needs partial shade and moist but
3ft (1m). Has bronze flowers, to 5in (12cm) tinted leaves. has salmon flowers. well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate
wide, in late fall. Is excellent for exhibition. C. ‘Peterkin’. Semi-pompom C. ‘Salmon Margaret’. Spray florists’ by division in spring or by seed when
C. maximum of gardens. See chrysanthemum. H and S 20in (50cm). In chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S to 21/2ft fresh.
Leucanthemum x superbum. mid- and late fall bears golden-yellow (75cm). Is similar to C. ‘Buff Margaret’, but C. virginianum, illus. p.344.
C. ‘Mei-kyo’. Semi-pompom flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, with each petal has salmon flowers.
chrysanthemum. H and S 20in (50cm). In tipped in rusty-orange, becoming paler C. ‘Sea Urchin’, illus. p.253. Korean CHRYSOSPLENIUM
mid- and late fall produces pale mauve with age, and with a small, yellow center. Group chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm),
flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, each with a Has small leaves. S 20in (50cm). Produces spider-form, fully SAXIFRAGACEAE
small, yellow center and with new petals in C. ‘Peter Rowe’. Incurved florists’ double, lemon-yellow flowers, 3in (7cm)
the center a darker shade. Has small leaves. chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.35m), S 2–21/2ft across, in early and mid-fall. Dislikes winter Genus of creeping hardy perennials, grown
C. ‘Mrs. Jessie Cooper’, illus. p.253. (60–75cm). Produces yellow flowers, to wet. for their foliage and early spring flowers.
Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 36in 51/2in (14cm) across, in early fall. Is ideal for C. segetum. See Xanthophthalmum Requires a shady position and moist, poor
(90cm), S 24in (60cm). Single, vivid cerise- exhibition. segetum. to moderately fertile, rich soil. Propagate
pink, flowers, 2in (5cm) across, each with C. ‘Primrose Fairweather’. Incurved C. ‘Senkyo Emiaki’. Spider-form florists’ by division or soft-tip cuttings in spring or
a slender, white ring around the domed, florists’ chrysanthemum. H 3–31/2ft chrysanthemum. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S to 2ft by seed in fall.
yellow center, are borne in mid- and late (1–1.1m), S to 21/2ft (75cm). Produces pale (60cm). Bears light pink flowers, 6in (15cm) C. macrophyllum, illus. p.256.
fall above broad, dark green leaves. yellow flowers, to 51/2–6in (14–15cm) wide, wide, in early fall. Is good for exhibition.
C. ‘Myss Saffron’. Spray in late fall. Is good for exhibition. C. serotinum. See Leucanthemella CHUSQUEA 539
chrysanthemum. H 34in (85cm), S 30in C. ‘Primrose John Hughes’. Perfectly serotina.
(75cm). In late summer and early fall bears incurved florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft C. ‘Spartan Seagull’, illus. p.252. Korean GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
erect sprays of double, yellow flowers, (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Bears Group chrysanthemum. H 28in (70cm),
21/2in (6cm) across, fading to cream. primrose-yellow flowers, 5–51/2in (12–14cm) S 20in (50cm). Slightly ruffled, single, white See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.
C. culeou, illus. p.288.

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CICERBITA CINNAMOMUM C. hypoglauca. Evergreen, woody- set off large, saucer-shaped, clear pink
stemmed, scrambling climber. H 6–10ft flowers, each with conspicuous, yellow
SYN. MULGEDIUM LAURACEAE (2–3m). Leaves are divided into 4 or 5 oval stamens, from early to mid-summer.
leaflets that are pale green above and blue- Z8–10 H10–8.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their gray beneath. Z13–15 H11–10. C. x lusitanicus of gardens. See C. x
foliage and to provide shade. Requires full C. juttae. See Cyphostemma juttae. dansereaui.
Genus of perennials, grown for their flower light or partial shade and fertile, moist but C. rhombifolia, syn. Rhoicissus C. monspeliensis. Evergreen, bushy
heads. Needs shade and damp but well- well-drained soil. Water container rhombifolia, Rhoicissus rhomboidea (Grape shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has narrow,
drained soil. Propagate by division in specimens freely when in full growth, less ivy). Moderately vigorous, evergreen, wrinkled, dark green leaves and small,
spring or by seed in fall. Some species may at other times. May be pruned if necessary. woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 10ft white flowers freely borne from early to
be invasive. Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe (3m) or more. Has lustrous leaves divided mid-summer. Z8–11 H11–8.
C. alpina, syn. Lactuca alpina (Mountain cuttings in summer. into 3 coarsely toothed leaflets. Z12–14 C. parviflorus (Sageleaf rockrose).
sow thistle). Branching, upright perennial. C. camphora. Moderately fast-growing, H11–10. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H and
H to 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Mid-green leaves evergreen, rounded tree. H and S 40ft (12m) C. striata, syn. Ampelopsis sempervirens, S 3ft (1m). Small, saucer-shaped, pale
are lobed, with a large, terminal lobe. Bears or more. Oval, lustrous, rich green leaves, Parthenocissus striata, Vitis striata (Ivy of pink flowers are produced among oval,
elongated panicles of thistle-like, pale blue tinted blue-gray beneath, reddish or Uruguay, Miniature grape ivy). Fast- gray-green leaves in early summer.
flower heads in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. coppery when young, are camphor-scented growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, Z8–10 H10–8.
C. bourgaei, syn. Lactuca bourgaei. when bruised. Produces insignificant tendril climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Has C. x purpureus. Evergreen, bushy,
Rampant, erect perennial. H to 6ft (2m), flowers in spring. Z8–10 H10–8. leaves of 3–5 oval, serrated, lustrous, green rounded shrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are oblong to lance- leaflets. Mature plants may produce pea- Produces saucer-shaped, deep purplish-
shaped, toothed and light green. Many- CIONURA shaped, glossy, black fruits in fall. Z12–14 pink flowers, each blotched with deep
branched panicles of thistle-like, H11–10. red, from early to mid-summer. Leaves
mauve-blue or purplish-blue flower heads ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE C. voinieriana. See Tetrastigma are narrowly lance-shaped and gray-
appear in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. voinierianum. green. Z9–10 H10–8.
Genus of one species of deciduous, twining C. revolii of gardens. See Halimiocistus
CICHORIUM climber, grown for its flowers. Grow in any Cistanthe tweedyi. See Lewisia sahucii.
soil and in full sun. Prune after flowering. tweedyi. C. salviifolius, illus. p.150.
Chicory Propagate by seed in spring or by stem C. ‘Silver Pink’. See C. x lenis ‘Graysword
cuttings in late summer or early fall. CISTUS Pink’.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE C. x skanbergii, illus. p.152.
T Contact with the latex exuded by cut Rock rose
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, x CITROFORTUNELLA
grown mainly in herb or kitchen gardens leaves and stems may irritate skin or cause CISTACEAE
(C. intybus has edible leaves). Needs full blisters, and may cause severe discomfort if RUTACEAE
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by ingested. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
C. erecta, syn. Marsdenia erecta. their succession of freely borne, short- Hybrid genus (Citrus x Fortunella) of
seed in fall or spring. T Contact with all Deciduous, twining climber. H 10ft (3m) or lived, showy flowers. Is good in coastal evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
more. Heart-shaped, grayish-green leaves areas, withstanding sea winds well. their flowers, fruits and overall appearance.
parts of the plants may irritate skin or are 11/4–21/4in (3–6cm) long. In summer, Prefers full sun and light, well-drained Needs full light and fertile, well-drained but
aggravate skin allergies. clusters of fragrant, white flowers, with 5 soil. Resents being transplanted. Cut out not dry soil. Water container specimens
C. intybus, illus. p.242. spreading petals, are borne in leaf axils, any dead wood in spring, but do not freely when in full growth, moderately at
followed by fruits, 3in (7cm) long, prune hard. Propagate species by other times. Propagate by seed when ripe
CIMICIFUGA containing many silky seeds, in fall. Z9–10 softwood or greenwood cuttings in or by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
H11–10. summer or by seed in fall, hybrids and summer. Whitefly, red spider mite, mealy
Black cohosh, Bugbane cultivars by cuttings only in summer. bug, lime-induced and magnesium-
CIRSIUM C. x aguilarii ‘Maculatus’, illus. p.150. deficiency chlorosis may be troublesome.
C RANUNCULACEAE C. albidus (Crimson-spot rockrose). x C. microcarpa, syn. x C. mitis, Citrus
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). mitis, illus. p.458.
Genus of perennials, grown for their Leaves are oblong and white-felted. x C. mitis. See x C. microcarpa.
flowers, which have an unusual, slightly Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials. Saucer-shaped, pale rose-pink flowers,
unpleasant smell. Requires partial shade Most species are not cultivated—indeed, each with a central, yellow blotch, are Citrus mitis. See Citrofortunella
and moist soil. Needs staking. Propagate by some are pernicious weeds—but C. rivulare produced in early summer. Z8–10 H10–8. microcarpa.
seed when fresh or by division in spring. has decorative flower heads. Tolerates sun C. algarvensis. See Halimium ocymoides.
Sometimes included in the closely related or shade and any but wet soil. Propagate C. x argenteus ‘Peggy Sammons’, CLADANTHUS
genus Actaea, which has fleshy, berry-like by division in spring or by seed in fall. illus. p.153.
fruits, whereas the pods of Cimicifuga are C. rivulare ‘Atropurpureum’. Erect C. x corbariensis. See C. x hybridus. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
dry and not fleshy. perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Heads C. creticus, syn. C. incanus subsp.
C. cordifolia, syn. C. racemosa var. of pincushionlike, deep crimson flowers are creticus, illus. p.154. Genus of one species of annual, grown for
cordifolia, C. rubifolia (Black snakeroot). borne on erect stems in summer. Leaves C. x cyprius, illus. p.150. its fragrant foliage and daisylike flower
Clump-forming perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft are narrowly oval to oblong or lance- C. x dansereaui, syn. C. x lusitanicus of heads. Grow in sun and in reasonably
(60cm). Feathery plumes of star-shaped, shaped and deeply cut, with weakly spiny gardens. Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub. fertile, very well-drained soil. Dead-head to
creamy-white flowers are produced in mid- margins. Z4–8 H8–1. H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are narrowly prolong flowering. Propagate by seed
summer above broadly oval to lance-shaped, oblong and dark green. Saucer-shaped, sown outdoors in mid-spring.
dissected, light green leaves. Z6–8 H8–5. CISSUS white flowers, each with a central, deep red C. arabicus, illus. p.321.
C. racemosa, syn. Actaea racemosa blotch, are borne from early to mid-
(Kamchatka bugbane). Clump-forming VITACEAE summer. Z8–10 H10–8. Cladastris lutea. See Cladrastis
perennial. H 1–5ft (30–150cm), S 2ft (60cm). C. x hybridus, syn. C. x corbariensis, illus. kentukea.
Spikes of bottlebrush-like, pure white flowers Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, p.150.
are borne in mid-summer above broadly mainly tendril climbers, grown for their C. incanus subsp. creticus. See C. CLADRASTIS
oval, divided, fresh green leaves. Z3–8 H9–1. foliage. Bears insignificant, greenish creticus.
var. cordifolia. See C. cordifolia. flowers, mainly in summer. Needs fertile, C. ladanifer, syn. C. ladaniferus, illus. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
C. rubifolia. See C. cordifolia. well-drained soil, and partial shade in p.150.
C. simplex, syn. Actaea simplex, illus. summer. Water regularly, less in cold C. ladaniferus. See C. ladanifer. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
p.220. ‘Elstead’ is an upright perennial. weather. Needs tying to supports. Thin out C. laurifolius. Evergreen, bushy, trees, grown for their pendent, wisteria-
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Purple stems bear crowded stems in spring. Propagate by dense shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has oval, like flower clusters and fall foliage.
arching racemes of fragrant, bottlebrush- semiripe cuttings in summer. aromatic, dark green leaves and, in Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
like, white flowers in fall. Has broadly oval C. antarctica, illus. p.463. summer, saucer-shaped, white flowers, soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by root
to lance-shaped, divided, glossy leaves. C. bainesii. See Cyphostemma bainesii. each with a central, yellow blotch. Z8–10 cuttings in late winter. The wood is
Z4–8 H9–1. ‘Prichard’s Giant’ (Camphor C. discolor (Rex begonia vine). H10–8. brittle: old trees are prone to damage
tree), H 7ft (2.2m), has large, much-divided Moderately vigorous, evergreen, tendril C. x lenis ‘Graysword Pink’, syn. C. by strong winds.
leaves and produces white flowers on climber with slender, woody stems. H to ‘Silver Pink’. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 2ft C. kentukea, syn. Cladastris lutea, illus.
arching panicles. Z4–8 H9–1. 10ft (3m). Oval, pointed leaves, 4–6in (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Oval, dark green leaves p.79.
(10–15cm) long, are deep green with
540 Cineraria cruentus of gardens. See silver bands above, maroon beneath.
Pericallis x hybrida. Z11 H11–10.
Cineraria x hybridus. See Pericallis x
hybrida.

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CLARKIA Is similar to C. baumannii, but has straight, Group 2 across, with a satin sheen when young, C
tubular flowers with green-tipped petals. Early- to mid-season, large-flowered with deep ridges on the reverse and
SYN. GODETIA Z13–15 H11–10. cultivars bearing mostly saucer-shaped, crumpled edges; the petal tips recurve and 541
C. strausii, illus. p.479. single, semidouble or fully double flowers, twist as they age.
ONAGRACEAE C. trollii. See Oreocereus trollii. 4–8in (10–20cm) across, that are borne on C. alpina. Alpina clematis (group 1).
the previous season’s ripened shoots, in H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lantern-
Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers, CLEMATIS late spring and early summer, and on new shaped, single, blue flowers, 11/2–3in
which are good for cutting. Needs sun and shoots in mid- and late summer. Generally (4–7cm) long, in spring and, occasionally,
reasonably fertile, well-drained soil. Avoid RANUNCULACEAE the second flush of flowers on semidouble summer. Forms fluffy, silvery seed heads in
rich soil as this encourages vegetative and double forms produces single flowers. summer. Is ideal for a north-facing or very
growth at the expense of flowers. Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly Deciduous, pale to mid-green leaves are exposed site. Z4–9 H9–6. ‘Columbine’. See
Propagate by seed sown outdoors in twining climbers and herbaceous usually 4–6in (10–15cm) long and divided C. ‘Columbine’. ‘Constance’. See C.
spring, or in early fall in mild areas. perennials, cultivated for their mass of into 3 ovate or lance-shaped leaflets, or are ‘Constance’. ‘Frances Rivis’. See C.
Botrytis may be troublesome. flowers, often followed by decorative seed simple and ovate, and to 4in (10cm) long. ‘Frances Rivis’. ‘Frankie’. See C. ‘Frankie’.
C. amoena. Fast-growing annual with heads, and grown on walls and trellises C. ‘Andromeda’, illus. p.198. Early, large-
upright, thin stems. H to 24in (60cm), S 12in and together with trees, shrubs and other Prune before new growth starts, in early flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green host plants. Only early-flowering species spring. Remove any dead or damaged (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Semidouble, white
leaves. Spikes of 5-petaled, single or double are evergreen, although some later- stems and cut back all remaining shoots flowers, with bright pink stripes in the
flowers, in shades of lilac to pink, are flowering species are semievergreen. Most to where strong buds are visible. These center of each sepal, are produced in
produced in summer. Tall forms, H 24in species have nodding, bell-shaped flowers, buds provide a framework of second-year spring and again later in the year when
(60cm), have double flowers in shades of with 4 petals (botanically known as shoots which, in turn, produce sideshoots they are single.
pink or red. H7–1. Grace Series perianth segments), or flattish flowers, that flower in late spring and early summer. C. ANGELIQUE (‘Evipo017’). Compact,
(intermediate), H to 20in (50cm), has single, each usually with 4–6 generally pointed The flowers may then be removed. Young mid- to late season clematis (group 2).
lavender-pink, red, salmon-pink or pink petals. Large-flowered cultivars also bear shoots bear more flowers later in the H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Produces
flowers with contrasting centers. Princess flattish flowers, but with 4–10 petals. summer. an abundance of lilac-blue, brown-
Series (dwarf), H 12in (30cm), has frilled Flower color may vary according to anthered flowers, 4in (10cm) across, from
flowers in shades of pink. Satin Series climatic conditions: in general, the warmer Group 3 early summer to late fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
(dwarf), H to 8in (20cm), has single flowers the climate, the darker the flower color. Late, large-flowered cultivars C. ANNA LOUISE (‘Evithree’), illus. p.200.
in various colors, many with white margins May be grown in partial shade or full sun, producing outward-facing, usually saucer- Compact, early, large-flowered clematis
or contrasting centers. ‘Sybil Sherwood’ but prefers rich, well-drained soil with shaped, single flowers, 3–6in (7–15cm) (group 2). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
illus. p.305. roots shaded. Propagate cultivars in early across, borne on new shoots in summer or Freely produces single flowers with violet
C. ‘Brilliant’, illus. p.305. summer by softwood or semiripe cuttings early fall. Leaves are deciduous and similar petals with a red-purple central bar, and
or layering, species from seed in fall. to those of early cultivars (group 2), striking brown anthers, in late spring to
CLAYTONIA Aphids, mildew and clematis wilt may described above. early summer, and again in late summer to
cause problems. Late-flowering species and small- early fall. Z4–9 H9–1.
PORTULACACEAE flowered cultivars that bear small, single C. ARCTIC QUEEN (‘Evitwo’), illus. p.198.
Clematis may be divided into groups or double flowers on the current season’s Early, large-flowered clematis (group 2).
Genus of mainly evergreen perennials with according to their flowering seasons, habit shoots in summer–fall. Flowers vary in H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). From early summer
succulent leaves; is related to Lewisia. and pruning needs. See also feature panel shape and may be star-shaped, tubular, to early fall freely produces double, clear
Grows best in alpine houses. Fully hardy. pp.198–200. bell-shaped, flattish or resembling nodding creamy-white flowers, 4–7in (10–18cm)
Tolerates sun or shade and prefers well- lanterns; they vary in size from 1/2in (1cm) across, with yellow anthers. Z7–9 H9–7.
drained soil. Propagate by seed or division Group 1 to 4in (10cm) across. Have generally C. armandii (Evergreen clematis), illus.
in fall. May be difficult to grow. Early-flowering species prefers a deciduous, pale to dark green or gray- p.198. Strong-growing, evergreen, early-
C. megarhiza, syn. Calandrinia sheltered, sunny site with well-drained green leaves divided into 3 lance-shaped to flowering clematis (group 1). H 10–15ft
megarhiza. Evergreen, basal-rosetted soil. Small, single flowers, either bell- broadly oval leaflets, each 1/2in (1cm) long, (3–5m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Bears scented,
perennial with a long taproot. H 1⁄2in (1cm), shaped or open-bell-shaped, 1/2–2in or hairy and/or toothed leaves divided into flattish, single, white flowers, 11/2in (4cm)
S 3in (8cm). Leaves are spoon-shaped and (2–5cm) long, or saucer-shaped, 11/4–2in 5 or more lance-shaped to broadly oval across, in early spring. Needs a sheltered,
fleshy. Bears small heads of tiny, bowl- (4–5cm) across, are borne on the previous leaflets, each 1/2–4in (1–10cm) long. south- or south-west-facing site. Z7–11
shaped, white flowers in spring. Prefers season’s ripened shoots in spring or, Herbaceous species and cultivars H9–7.
sun and gritty soil. Is prone to aphid attack. occasionally, in late winter. Leaves are producing single flowers that are either C. ‘Ascotiensis’. Vigorous, late, large-
Z5–7 H7–5. var. nivalis illus. p.351. evergreen and glossy, or deciduous, and saucer-shaped, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) wide, or flowered clematis (group 3). H 10–12ft
C. virginica (Spring beauty). Clump- usually divided into 3 lance-shaped, bell-shaped or tubular, 1/2–11/2in (1–4cm) (3–4m), S 3ft (1m). Single, bright violet-blue
forming perennial with flat, black tubers. 5in (12cm) long leaflets or into 3 fernlike, long, and are produced on the current flowers, 31/2–5in (9–12cm) across, with
H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. 2in (5cm) long leaflets. season’s shoots in summer. Mid- to dark pointed petals and brownish-green
Narrowly spoon-shaped leaves, reddish C. alpina, C. macropetala and their green or gray-green leaves are simple and anthers, are produced in summer. Z4–11
when young, later turn green and glossy. cultivars tolerate cold, exposed positions. lance-shaped to elliptic, 1–6in (2.5–15cm) H9–1.
Branched stems bear cup-shaped, white or Small, bell-shaped to open bell-shaped, long, or are divided into 3–5 lance-shaped C. AVANT-GARDE (‘Evipo033’), illus. p.200.
pink flowers, striped deep pink, in early single, semidouble or double flowers, to ovate, serrated leaflets, each 4–6in Vigorous, mid-season clematis (group 3).
spring. Needs shade. Z4–9 H6–1. 2in (5cm) across, are borne on the previous (10–15cm) long with a pointed tip. Prune H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Freely produces
season’s ripened shoots in spring, all group 3 clematis before new growth deep red flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, with
CLEISTOCACTUS occasionally also on the current season’s begins, in early spring. Cut back all the central pompoms of pink, petaloid stamens,
shoots in summer. Deciduous, pale to previous season’s stems to a pair of strong from mid-summer to fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
SYN. BORZICACTUS mid-green leaves are divided into 3–5 buds, 6–8in (15–20cm) above soil level. C. ‘Barbara Dibley’, illus. p.199. Early,
lance-shaped to broadly oblong, toothed large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft
CACTACEAE leaflets, 11/4in (3cm) long. C. ‘Abundance’, syn. C. viticella, illus. (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In late spring produces
C. montana and its cultivars are p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3). single, petunia-red flowers, to 9in (23cm)
Genus of columnar, perennial cacti with vigorous, deciduous climbers, suitable for H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces across, with carmine-red to red-purple
branched, cylindrical, much-ribbed stems growing over large buildings and trees. flattish, deep purplish-red flowers, 2in stripes along each sepal and red-purple
with spines. Is one of the faster-growing Small, flat to saucer-shaped, usually single (5cm) across, with cream anthers, in stamens.
cacti, some reaching 6ft (2m) in 5 years or flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, are borne on summer. Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘Barbara Jackman’, illus. p.199. Early,
less. Tubular flowers contain plenty of the previous season’s ripened shoots in late C. ALABAST (‘Poulala’) (Alpine clematis). large-flowered clematis (group 2). H to 10ft
nectar and are pollinated by spring. Leaves are mid- to purplish-green Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group (3m), S 3ft (1m). In early summer produces
hummingbirds. Needs full sun and very and divided into 3 lance-shaped to broadly 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Freely produces single, bluish-mauve flowers, with crimson
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or oval, serrated leaflets, 3in (8cm) long with large, rounded, creamy-green flowers, stripes and creamy-white stamens,
stem cuttings in spring or summer. pointed tips. 5–6in (12–15cm) across, with creamy-yellow followed in late summer by a further flush.
C. baumannii. Erect, then prostrate, anthers, in late spring and again from mid- Grow in partial shade as flowers fade in full
perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 15ft Prune all group 1 clematis after flowering to late summer. sun. Z4–11 H9–1.
(5m). Thick stems produce long, uneven, to allow new growth to be produced and C. ‘Alionushka’, illus. p.199. Semi- C. ‘Bees Jubilee’. Compact, early, large-
variable-colored spines. Has S-shaped, ripened for the following season. Remove herbaceous, non-clinging clematis (group flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m),
tubular, bright orange-red flowers in dead or damaged stems and cut back other 3). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In mid-
spring–summer. Z13–15 H12–10. shoots that have outgrown their allotted summer to early fall produces single, rich
C. celsianus. See Oreocereus celsianus. space. This will encourage new growth to mauvish-pink flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm)
C. smaragdiflorus. Erect, then prostrate, bear flowers in the following season.
perennial cactus. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20ft (6m).

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C S 3ft (1m). In early summer bears a at the base. ‘Joe’ (illus. p.198), H to 6ft (2m), mauve-pink flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, (group 1). H 30–40ft (10–12m), S 6–10ft
profusion of single, deep pink flowers, has 3-parted, toothed leaves; procumbent with yellow anthers. Z4–11 H9–1. (2–3m). Has scented, single, soft pink
542 4–5in (10–12cm) across, with brown anthers stems can be trained upward. C. CONFETTI (‘Evipo036’). Vigorous, flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, with
and a central, rose-madder stripe on each C. CASSIS (‘Evipo020’). Vigorous, late, small-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft widely spaced petals, in late spring.
petal. Prefers partial shade. Z4–11 H9–1. large-flowered clematis (group 3). H and (3m), S 3ft (1m). Nodding, open bell-shaped, Z6–9 H9–6.
C. ‘Bella’, illus. p.198. Early, large- S 6–10ft (2–3m). Freely produces rosetted, pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are C. ‘Elsa Spath’. Early, large-flowered
flowered clematis (group 2). H to 3m (10ft), fully double, plum-red flowers, 3in (8cm) produced freely from mid-summer to fall. clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft
S 1m (3ft). Single, white flowers, with white across, from early summer to early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. (1m). Bears masses of single, rich mauve-
anthers and purple-red filaments, are Z5–9 H9–5. C. ‘Constance’, syn. C. alpina ‘Constance’ blue flowers, 5in (12cm) wide, with
produced in spring and again in late C. CEZANNE (‘Evipo023’). Compact, (Atragene Group) (Atragene Group). overlapping petals and red anthers,
summer. Z6–11 H9–6. large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 3–4ft Deciduous, early-flowering clematis (group throughout summer. Z4–11 H9–1.
C. ‘Betty Corning’, illus. p.200. Late, (90cm–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Freely produces 1). H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 3ft (1m). Nodding, C. ‘Ernest Markham’, illus. p.200.
small-flowered clematis (group 3). H to 13ft sky-blue flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with bell-shaped, semidouble, rich purple-pink Vigorous, late, large-flowered clematis
(4m), S 3ft (1m). Slightly scented, bell- broad overlapping sepals and yellow or reddish-pink flowers, 1–21/2in (2.5–6cm) (group 3). H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 3ft (1m). In
shaped, lilac to pinkish-mauve flowers, anthers, from early summer to late fall. across, with purple or creamy-white summer bears single, vivid magenta
11/2– 21/2in (4–6cm) across, are borne from Z5–9 H9–5. staminodes, are produced from early to flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with blunt-tipped
early summer to early fall. Z4–11 H9–1. C. CHANTILLY (‘Evipo021’), illus. p.199. mid-spring and occasionally again in petals and chocolate anthers. Thrives in full
C. ‘Bill MacKenzie’. Vigorous, late- Compact, early, large-flowered clematis summer. Z4–9 H9–6. sun. Z4–11 H9–1.
flowering clematis (group 3). H 22ft (7m), (group 2). H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). C. ‘Corona’, illus. p.199. Moderately C. ‘Etoile Violette’, syn. C. viticella ‘Etoile
S 10–12ft (3–4m). Has dark green leaves. Freely produces single, occasionally vigorous, early, large-flowered clematis Violette’, illus. p.200. Vigorous, late-
From mid-summer to late fall produces semidouble, pale pink flowers, to 4in (group 2). H to 111/2ft (3.5m), S 3ft (1m). flowering clematis (group 3). H 10–15ft
open bell-shaped, yellow flowers, 21/2–3in (10cm) across, the sepals with a Bears numerous single, rich velvety- (3–5m), S 5ft (1.5m). Produces masses of
(6–7cm) across. Is best pruned with shears. pronounced, deeper pink central bar, from crimson flowers, 6in (15cm) across, with flattish, single, violet-purple flowers,
Z6–11 H9–6. early summer to late fall. Z5–9 H9–5. red and white stamens, in late spring and 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) wide, with yellow
C. ‘Black Prince’, illus. p.200. Late, small- C. ‘Charissima’, illus. p.199. Free- early summer, followed in late summer by anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1.
flowered clematis (group 3). H to 13ft (4m), flowering, early, large-flowered clematis a further flush of slightly smaller, paler C. ‘Evifour’. See C. ROYAL VELVET.
S 3ft (1m). In mid-summer produces bell- (group 2). H 8–10ft (2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). In flowers. Z4–11 H9–1. C. Evijohill. See C. ‘JOSEPHINE’.
shaped, semi-nodding, very dark blackish- late spring to early summer produces C. CRYSTAL FOUNTAIN (‘Evipo038’). C. ‘Evione’. See C. SUGAR CANDY.
claret-red flowers, to 31/2in (9cm) across, single flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) across, with Compact, large-flowered clematis (group C. ‘Evipo001’. See C. WISLEY.
with maroon stamens. pointed, cerise-pink petals, a deeper pink 2). H 4–6ft (1.5–2m), S 3ft (1m). Produces C. ‘Evipo002’. See C. ROSEMOOR.
C. BLUE MOON (‘Evirin’), illus. p.199. bar and veins throughout the flower, and an abundance of double, deep lilac-blue C. ‘Evipo003’. See C. ICE BLUE.
Compact, free-flowering, early, large- dark maroon anthers. Z7–9 H9–7. flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, with a central C. ‘Evipo004’. See C. HARLOW CARR.
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8–10ft C. CHINOOK (‘Evipo013’). Scandent, non- boss of narrow staminodes, from late C. ‘Evipo005’. See C. PEPPERMINT.
(2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). In late spring to early clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m), S 2ft spring to early summer and again in early C. ‘Evipo006. See C. VIENETTA.
summer bears single, white flowers, 6–7in (60cm). Produces numerous, nodding, mid- fall. Z5–9 H9–5. C. ‘Evipo007’. See C. VICTOR HUGO.
(15–18cm) across, suffused with pale lilac violet-blue flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with C. ‘Daniel Deronda’. Vigorous, C. ‘Evipo008’. See C. FRANZISKA MARIA.
becoming darker at the wavy petal edges. twisted sepals, each with a prominent, early,  large-flowered clematis (group 2). C. ‘Evipo009’. See C. HYDE HALL.
In late summer to early fall, flowers are central boss of yellow stamens, from mid- H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has double and C. ‘Evipo012’. See C. PARISIENNE.
slightly smaller and darker. Z7–9 H9–7. summer to early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. semidouble, deep purple- blue flowers, C. ‘Evipo013’. See C. CHINOOK.
C. BONANZA (‘Evipo031’). Vigorous, mid- C. cirrhosa, syn. C. calycina, illus. p.199. 4–51/2in (10–14cm) across, with cream C. ‘Evipo014’. See C. GAZELLE.
season clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft Evergreen, early-flowering clematis (group anthers, then single flowers in late summer. C. ‘Evipo015’. See C. SAVANNAH.
(1m). Freely produces blue-purple flowers, 1). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Produces Z7–9 H9–7. C. ‘Evipo017’. See C. AVANT-GARDE.
to 3in (7cm) across, with pale yellow bell-shaped, cream flowers, 11/4in (3cm) C. ‘Doctor Ruppel’. Early, large-flowered C. ‘Evipo018’. See C. BOURBON.
anthers, from mid-summer to fall. Z5–9 across and spotted red inside, in late winter clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). C. ‘Evipo019’. See C. MEDLEY.
H9–5. and early spring during frost-free weather. Single flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, C. ‘Evipo020’. See C. CASSIS.
C. BOURBON (‘Evipo018’), illus. p.200. Z7–11 H9–7. var. balearica has fragrant, with deep rose-pink petals with darker C. ‘Evipo021’. See C. CHANTILLY.
Compact, mid-season clematis (group 2). pale cream flowers, speckled reddish- central bands and light chocolate anthers, C. ‘Evipo023’. See C. CEZANNE.
H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 3ft (1m). Produces an brown. Z7–11 H10–7. var. purpurascens are freely produced throughout summer. C. ‘Evipo031’. See C. BONANZA.
abundance of vibrant, yellow-centered, red ‘Freckles’ (illus. p.200) has creamy-pink Z4–11 H8–1. C. ‘Evipo032’. See C. GALORE.
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, from early to flowers, H 2–3in (5–8cm) across, heavily C. ‘Duchess of Albany’. Vigorous, C. ‘Evipo033’. See C. ANGELIQUE.
mid-summer. Z5–9 H9–5. speckled red within. small-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft C. ‘Evipo036’. See C. CONFETTI.
C. ‘Broughton Star’, syn. C. montana C. CLAIR DE LUNE (‘Evirin’). Vigorous, (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In summer and early fall C. ‘Evipo038’. See C. CRYSTAL FOUNTAIN.
‘Broughton Star’. Vigorous Montana large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8–10ft has masses of small, tulip-like, single, soft C. ‘Evirida’. See C. FLORIDA PISTACHIO.
clematis (group 1). H 12–15ft (4–5m), (2.5–3m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Produces an pink flowers, 21/2in (6cm) long, with brown C. ‘Evirin’. See C. CLAIR DE LUNE.
S 6–13ft (2–4m). Bears semidouble to fully abundance of large, blue-purple flowers, to anthers and a deeper pink stripe inside C. ‘Evirin’. See C. BLUE MOON.
double, cup-shaped, dusty pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with paler central bands each petal. Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘Evisix’. See C. PETIT FAUCON.
with slightly darker veins, from spring to on the sepals and dark anthers, from late C. ‘Duchess of Edinburgh’. Early, large- C. ‘Evithree’. See C. ANNA LOUISE.
early summer. spring to early summer and again from late flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft C. ‘Evitwo’. See C. ARCTIC QUEEN.
C. calycina. See C. cirrhosa. summer to early fall. (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer produces C. fasciculiflora, illus. p.198. Evergreen,
C. ‘Carnaby’. Compact, early, large- C. ‘Columbine’, syn. C. alpina double, white flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) early-flowering species (group 1). H and
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), ‘Columbine’ (Atragene Group) (Atragene across, with yellow anthers and green, S 20ft (6m) or more. Dark green leaves have
S 3ft (1m). In early summer has a profusion Group). Deciduous, early-flowering outer petals. May be weak-growing. Z4–11 silver midribs. From late winter to mid-
of single, deep pink flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) clematis (group 1). H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 3ft H9–1. spring produces solitary or clustered,
across, with a darker stripe on each petal (1m). In early and mid-spring produces C. x durandii. Semi-herbaceous, late- fragrant, bell-shaped, nodding, creamy-
and red anthers. Prefers partial shade. nodding, bell-shaped, soft lavender-blue flowering clematis (group 3). H 3–6ft (1–2m), white to yellowish-white flowers, 1/2–3/4in
Z4–11 H9–5. flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with S 11/2–5ft (45cm–1.5m). In summer has (1.5–2cm) across. Needs a warm, sunny
C. x cartmanii (C. marmorata x C. creamy-white or green staminodes; flattish, single, deep blue flowers, 21/2–3in position. Z7–9 H9–6.
paniculata). Evergreen, clump-forming, sometimes blooms again in summer. (6–8cm) across, with 4 petals and yellow C. ‘Fireworks’, illus. p.199. Early, large-
bushy shrub (group 1) with some C. ‘Columella’ (Atragene Group), illus. anthers. Leaves are elliptic. Z5–11 H9–5. flowered clematis (group 2). H 13ft (4m),
procumbent stems. H 8–10in (20–25cm), p.200. Deciduous, early-flowering clematis C. ‘Early Sensation’ (Forsteri Group), S 3ft (1m). In late spring and early summer
S 20in (50cm). Has dissected, leathery, (group 1). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). From mid- illus. p.198. Evergreen, late-flowering produces single, blue-mauve flowers, 4–6in
shiny, dark green leaves varying in shape. to late spring produces strongly scented, clematis (group 1). H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). (10–15cm) across, with wine-red and white
Leafy panicles of shallowly cup-shaped, pendent, broadly bell-shaped, purplish- Dark green leaves are bronzed when stamens and a central, bright cerise-purple
pure white flowers, 3/4–11/2in (2–4cm) violet to deep rosy-pink flowers, to 23/4in young. From early to mid-spring bears stripe on each sepal. Late summer flowers
across, with white anthers, are freely (6.5cm) across, with yellow staminodes. scented, bell- to cup-shaped, white flowers, are slightly smaller.
produced in early spring. Z7–9 H9–6. C. ‘Comtesse de Bouchaud’. Strong- 2–3in (5–7.5cm) across, with yellow anthers C. flammula, illus. p.200. Vigorous, late-
‘Avalanche’ (illus. p.198), H and S 10–16ft growing, late, large-flowered clematis often tinged purple. flowering clematis; may be semievergreen
(3–5m), has roughly ovate, deeply toothed (group 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In C. ‘Elizabeth’, syn. C. montana (group 3). H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6ft (2m).
leaves and white flowers flushed pale green summer has masses of single, bright ‘Elizabeth’. Vigorous Montana clematis Produces masses of almond-scented,

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flattish, single, white flowers, 3/4in (2cm) smaller and creamy white in late summer. illus. p.199. Deciduous, early-flowering H 8–11ft (2.5–3.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has flattish, C
across, in summer and early fall. Z4–11 Fades in full sun. Z5–9 H9–5. clematis (group 1). H to 13ft (4m), S 3ft (1m). single, wine-red flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm)
H9–7. C. ‘Hagley Hybrid’. Vigorous, late, large- In spring produces pendent, bell-shaped, wide, with twisted petals, in summer. Z4–11 543
C. florida. ‘Bicolor’. See C. florida var. flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft (2.5m), purple-mauve flowers, 11/2–3in (4–8cm) H9–1.
sieboldiana. PISTACHIO (‘Evirida’), illus. S 3ft (1m). Produces single, rose-mauve across, with purple, outer stamens and C. ‘Madame Le Coultre’. See C. ‘Marie
p.199. is a vigorous, small-flowered flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with red shorter, white, inner staminodes. Z4–9 Boisselot’.
clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). anthers, in summer. Prefers partial shade. H9–3. C. ‘Marie Boisselot’, syn. C. ‘Madame Le
From early summer to late fall produces an Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘John Huxtable’. Late, large-flowered Coultre’. Vigorous, early, large-flowered
abundance of rounded, creamy-white C. HARLOW CARR (‘Evipo004’). Scandent, clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m).
flowers, 21⁄2–31⁄2in (6–9cm) across, each with herbaceous clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft (1m). Bears masses of single, white flowers, Bears single, white flowers, 5in (12cm)
a central cluster of pinkish-gray anthers (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). From early to late 3in (8cm) wide, with cream anthers, in mid- across, with overlapping petals and cream
and green styles. Z7–11 H10–6. var. summer produces semi-pendent, dark summer. Z7–9 H9–1. anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1.
sieboldiana, syn. C. florida ‘Bicolor’, violet-blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) across, C. JOSEPHINE (‘Evijohill’). Early, large- C. MEDLEY (‘Evipo019’). Scandent, non-
C. florida ‘Sieboldii’, illus. p.199. H 6–10ft each with 4 twisted petals, dark brown flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m),
(2–3m), is weaker growing and produces anthers and white filaments. Z5–9 H9–5. S 3ft (1m). From early summer to early fall S 2ft (60cm). From mid-summer to fall
creamy-white flowers each with a domed C. ‘Henryi’, illus. p.199. Vigorous, early, bears double flowers, 5in (12cm) across, produces slightly scented, nodding, light
boss of petal-like, rich purple stamens; large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 10ft with almost bronze, green-tinged petals pink flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with
needs a sheltered site. Z7–11 H10–6. (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has single, white flowers, with a darker central bar; the petals twisted sepals that open to reveal a boss of
‘Sieboldii’. See C. florida var. sieboldiana. 5in (12cm) wide, with dark chocolate become lilac in mid-summer, with a pink yellow stamens in the center. Z5–9 H9–5.
C. ‘Frances Rivis’, syn. C. alpina ‘Frances anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1. bar. Colors best in sun. Z4–9 H9–1. C. ‘Miss Bateman’. Compact, early,
Rivis’ (Atragene Group), illus. p.200. C. heracleifolia var. davidiana. See C. C. x jouiniana (Spider flower). Sprawling, large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft
Deciduous, early-flowering clematis (group tubulosa. subshrubby, late-flowering clematis (group (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Masses of single, white
1). H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 3ft (1m). In early and C. heracleifolia of gardens. See C. 3). H 3ft (1m), S 10ft (3m). Has coarse flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, with red
mid-spring produces an abundance of tubulosa. foliage and, in summer, masses of tubular, anthers, are produced in summer. Is good
nodding, bell-shaped, deep blue flowers, C. ‘H.F. Young’. Compact, early, large- single, soft lavender or off-white flowers, for a container or patio garden. Z4–11
2–3in (5–8cm) across, with white flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), 3/4in (2cm) wide, with reflexed petal tips. Is H9–1.
staminodes. Z4–9 H9–6. S 3ft (1m). Bears single, violet-tinged, blue non-clinging. H3–8 H8–1. ‘Praecox’. See C. montana (Anemone clematis), illus.
C. ‘Frankie’, syn. C. alpina ‘Frankie’ flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with cream C. ‘Praecox’. p.198. Vigorous, Montana clematis (group
(Atragene Group), illus. p.200. Deciduous, anthers, in summer. Is ideal for a container C. ‘Kakio’, syn. C. PINK CHAMPAGNE, illus. 1). H 22–40ft (7–12m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). In
early-flowering clematis (group 1). H 7–12ft or patio garden. Z4–11 H9–1. p.199. Early, large-flowered clematis (group late spring bears masses of single, white
(2.2–4m), S 3ft (1m). In early and mid-spring C. ‘Huldine’, illus. p.199. Very vigorous, 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). In late spring and flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with
produces nodding, bell-shaped, mid-blue to late, large-flowered clematis (group 3). early summer produces single, vivid yellow anthers. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Broughton
deep mauve-blue flowers, 1–21/2in (2.5–6cm) H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 6ft (2m). In summer has purple-red to deep pink flowers, with Star’. See C. ‘Broughton Star’.‘Elizabeth’.
across, with blue-tipped, creamy-white single, white flowers, 21/2in (6cm) wide, central, white stripes on each petal. Z4–11 See C. ‘Elizabeth’. var. rubens, illus.
staminodes. mauve beneath and with cream anthers. H9–1. p.199. var. rubens ‘Tetrarose’ (illus.
C. FRANZISKA MARIA (‘Evipo008’). Is ideal for an archway or pergola. Z4–11 C. ‘Kardynal Wyszyñski’, illus. p.200. p.199), H 22–25ft (7–8m), has coarse leaflets,
Compact, early, large-flowered clematis H9–1. Early, large-flowered clematis (group 2). 3in (8cm) long, and deep satin pink flowers,
(group 2). H 5–10ft (1.5–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). C. HYDE HALL (‘Evipo009’). Vigorous, H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces single, 21⁄2-–3in (6–7cm) across.
Produces masses of fully double, deep large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–8ft bright crimson flowers, with pale violet C. ‘Mrs. Cholmondeley’. Early, large-
blue-purple flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Flowers prolifically filaments and dark brown anthers, from flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft
across, with yellow anthers, from early from early to mid-summer producing early to late summer. (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer has single,
summer to early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. single, creamy-white flowers, 5–7in C. ‘Kathleen Wheeler’. Early, large- light bluish-lavender flowers, 4–5in
C. GALORE (‘Evipo032’). Vigorous, mid- (12–18cm) across, sometimes tinged pink flowered clematis (group 2). H 8–10ft (10–12cm) across, with widely spaced
season, small-flowered clematis (group 3). or green, with chocolate-brown anthers. (2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). Has single, plum- petals and light chocolate anthers.
H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). From mid-summer Z5–9 H9–5. mauve flowers, 5–51/2in (12–14cm) across Z4–9 H9–1.
to fall has numerous, deep purple flowers, C. ICE BLUE (‘Evipo003’). Early, large- with yellow anthers, in early summer. C. ‘Mrs. George Jackman’. Early,
to 3in (7cm) across, with yellow anthers. flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–8ft Z4–9 H9–1. large-flowered clematis (group 2).
Z5–9 H9–5. (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In late spring and early C. ‘Lasurstern’. Vigorous, early, large- H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Bears
C. GAZELLE (‘Evipo014’). Scandent, summer produces an abundance of single, flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft semidouble, creamy-white flowers,
non-clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m), ice-blue flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) across, (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer bears single, 4in (10cm) wide, with light brown
S 2ft (60cm). Produces numerous slightly repeat-flowering during late summer and blue flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) across, with anthers, in early summer. Z4–9 H9–1.
scented, nodding, white flowers, to 21/2in early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. overlapping, wavy-edged petals and cream C. ‘Mrs. N. Thompson’. Compact,
(6cm) across, with twisted sepals and C. integrifolia. Herbaceous clematis anthers. Z4–9 H9–1. early, large-flowered clematis (group 2).
yellow stamens, from mid-summer to early (group 3). H and S 30in (75cm). Leaves are C. ‘Lincoln Star’, illus. p.199. Early, H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In summer
fall. Z5–9 H9–5. narrowly lance-shaped. In summer bears large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft produces masses of single, magenta
C. ‘Général Sikorski’. Early, large- bell-shaped, single, deep blue flowers, (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Has single, raspberry- flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with a
flowered clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), 11/4in (3cm) long, with cream anthers, pink flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) wide, with central, slightly darker stripe on each
S 3ft (1m). Has numerous single, blue followed by gray-brown seed heads. Z4–11 red anthers, in early summer. Early flowers bluish-purple-edged petal and red
flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with large, H7–1. are darker than late ones, which have very anthers. Is good for a container or
overlapping petals and cream anthers, in C. ‘Jackmanii’, illus. p.200. Vigorous, late, pale pink petal edges. Prefers partial shade. patio garden. Z4–11 H9–1.
summer. Z4–11 H9–1. large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘Nelly Moser’, illus. p.199. Early,
C. ‘Gipsy Queen’. Vigorous, late, large- (3m), S 3ft (1m). Bears masses of velvety, C. macropetala (Downy clematis). large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 11ft
flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), single, dark purple flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) Macropetala clematis (group 1). H 10ft (3m), (3.5m), S 3ft (1m). In early summer has
S 3ft (1m). Bears single, velvety, violet- across, fading to violet, with light brown S 5ft (1.5m). In late spring and summer single, rose-mauve flowers, 5–61/2in
purple flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with red anthers, in mid-summer. Z4–11 H9–1. has masses of semidouble, mauve-blue (12–16cm) wide, with reddish-purple
anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘Jackmanii Superba’. Vigorous, late, flowers, 2in (5cm) long, lightening in color anthers and, on each petal, a carmine
C. ‘Gravetye Beauty’, illus. p.200. large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft toward the center, then fluffy, silvery seed stripe that fades in strong sun. Prefers a
Vigorous, small-flowered clematis (group (3m), S 3ft (1m). Is similar to C. ‘Jackmanii’, heads. Z4–9 H9–3. ‘Markham’s Pink’ has shaded, east-, west- or north-facing site.
3). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In summer and but has more rounded, darker flowers. pink flowers. Z4–11 H9–1.
early fall has masses of small, tulip-like, Z4–9 H9–1. C. ‘Madame Edouard André’. Late, C. ‘Niobe’. Early, large-flowered clematis
single, bright red flowers, 21/2in (6cm) long, C. ‘Jacqueline du Pré’ (Atragene large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft (group 2). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m).
with brown anthers. Is similar to C. Group), illus. p.199. Deciduous, early- (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Freely produces single, Throughout summer produces masses of
‘Duchess of Albany’, but flowers are more flowering clematis (group 1). H 8–13ft deep red flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, single, rich deep red flowers, 4–51/2in
open. Z4–11 H9–5. (2.5–4m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has nodding, bell- with silver undersides, pointed petals and (10–14cm) across, with yellow anthers.
C. ‘Guernsey Cream’, illus. p.198. Early, shaped, rosy-mauve flowers, 2–21 ⁄ 2 in yellow anthers, in mid-summer. Z4–11 Z4–11 H9–1.
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (5–6cm) across, with silvery-pink petal H9–1. C. orientalis. Late-flowering clematis
(2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Bears single flowers, 5in margins and pink-flushed, white C. ‘Madame Julia Correvon’, syn. (group 3). H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 5ft (1.5m).
(12cm) across, with creamy yellow petals staminodes, in spring. C. viticella ‘Madame Julia Correvon’, illus. Leaves are gray- to dark green. In summer,
and anthers, in early summer. Flowers are C. ‘Jan Lindmark’ (Atragene Group), p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3). lantern-shaped, single, greenish-yellow

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C flowers, 11/4in (3cm) wide, with recurved bears single, sapphire-blue flowers, 4–5in clematis (group 3). H 15–20ft (5–6m), C. ‘White Columbine’ (Atragene Group),
petal tips, are followed by feathery seed (10–13cm) across, with splayed, creamy- S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has lantern-shaped, single, illus. p.198. Deciduous, early-flowering
544 heads. Z6–9 H9–6. yellow anthers. Color deepens with age. yellow flowers, 11/2in (4cm) long, clematis (group 1). H and S 6–10ft (2–3m).
C. PARISIENNE (‘Evipo012’). Compact, Z4–9 H9–1. throughout summer and early fall; these In spring produces purple-tinted buds
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 3–4ft C. ‘Richard Pennell’. Early, large- are followed by fluffy, silvery seed heads. that open into nodding, bell-shaped,
(90–120cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces an flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft Z5–11 H9–6. single, creamy-white flowers, 11/2–2in
abundance of single, pale violet flowers, (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces single, rich C. ‘The President’. Early, large-flowered (4–5cm) across, maturing to pure white,
3–4in (7–10cm) across, with wavy-edged purple-blue flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) wide, clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft with petal-like, greenish-white staminodes.
sepals and red anthers, from early summer with golden-yellow anthers, in summer. (1m). In early summer bears masses of C. ‘William Kennett’. Early, large-
to late fall. Z5–9 H9–5. Z4–11 H9–1. single, rich purple flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft
C. PEPPERMINT (‘Evipo005’). Vigorous, C. ROSEMOOR (‘Evipo002’), illus. p.200. silver beneath, with red anthers. Z4–11 H9–1. (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer has masses
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group C. tubulosa, syn. C. heracleifolia var. of single, lavender-blue flowers, 4–5in
(2–3m), S 3ft (1m). From early summer to 2). H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). From early davidiana, C. heracleifolia. Herbaceous (10–12cm) across, with red anthers and
late fall has numerous rosetted, creamy- summer to fall, single, deep red flowers, clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft tough petals, each bearing a central, darker
white flowers, 3–4in (7–10cm) across, with 5–6in (12–15cm) across, with yellow (75cm). In summer, thick stems bear stripe that fades as the flower matures.
6 large, outer sepals, which drop as the anthers, are produced in abundance. axillary clusters of scented, tubular, single, Z4–11 H9–1.
tight, inner rosette of smaller sepals Z5–9 H9–5. pale blue flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, C. WISLEY (‘Evipo001’). Strong-growing,
expand. The late season’s flowers are C. ‘Rosy O’Grady’ (Atragene Group), with reflexed petal tips. Z4–8 H8–3. large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8–10ft
greenish-white. Z5–9 H9–5. illus. p.200. Deciduous, early-flowering ‘Wyevale’ has strongly scented, dark blue (2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). From mid-summer
C. ‘Perle d’Azur’, illus. p.200. Late, clematis (group 1). H 10–13ft (3–4m), S 3ft flowers. to early fall produces numerous, slightly
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft (1m). Open bell-shaped, semidouble, deep C. VICTOR HUGO (‘Evipo007’). Vigorous, nodding, violet-blue flowers, 4–5in
(3m), S 3ft (1m). Single, azure-blue flowers, pink to mauve-pink flowers, 21/2–5in scandent, non-clinging clematis (group 3). (10–12cm) across, with yellow anthers.
3in (8cm) across, with recurved petal tips (6–12cm) across, with creamy-white H 8–10ft (2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces an Z5–9 H9–5.
and creamy-green anthers, are borne in staminodes, are produced from late spring abundance of red-violet flowers, 3in (8cm)
summer. Z4–11 H9–1. to early summer and again in fall. Z4–9 across, with dark, violet-tipped stamens, CLEOME
C. PETIT FAUCON (‘Evisix’). Vigorous, H9–3. from early summer to fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
scandent, non-clinging clematis (group 3). C. ‘Rouge Cardinal’. Early, large- C. VIENNETTA (‘Evipo006’), illus. p.199. Spider flower
H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). From flowered clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group
summer to early fall produces nodding to (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer has single, 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). From early CAPPARACEAE/CLEOMACEAE
semi-pendent, broadly bell-shaped, deep velvety, crimson flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) summer to fall produces passion-flower-
blue-violet flowers, 2–3in (5–8cm) across, across, with red anthers. Z4–11 H9–1. like, creamy-white flowers, with purple, Genus of annuals and a few evergreen
with violet filaments and orange-yellow C. ROYAL VELVET (‘Evifour’). Early, modified stamens and a dark center. In fall, shrubs, grown for their unusual, spidery
anthers. Z4–9 H9–1. large-flowered clematis (group 2). the outer petals develop a greenish hue. flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained
C. PINK CHAMPAGNE. See C. ‘Kakio’. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In early and Z5–9 H9–5. soil. Remove dead flowers. Propagate by
C. ‘Polish Spirit’, illus. p.200. Strong- mid-summer bears single, bluish, rich C. ‘Ville de Lyon’. Late, large-flowered seed sown outdoors in late spring. Aphids
growing, late, large-flowered clematis velvet-purple flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft may be a problem.
(group 3). H to 13ft (4m), S 3ft (1m). Single, wide, with darker central bands on petals, (1m). In mid-summer has single, bright C. hassleriana, syn. C. spinosa. Fast-
velvety, deep purple flowers, with dark and red anthers. Z4–9 H9–1. carmine-red flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, growing, bushy annual. H to 4ft (1.2m),
purple-red and greenish-white stamens, C. SAVANNAH (‘Evipo015’). Scandent, with darker petal edges and yellow anthers. S 11/2ft (45cm). Has hairy, spiny stems and
are produced from early summer to early non-clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m), Lower foliage tends to become scorched by mid-green leaves divided into lance-shaped
fall. Z4–11 H9–5. S 2ft (60cm). From mid-summer to fall late summer. Z4–11 H9–1. leaflets. Large, rounded heads of narrow-
C. ‘Praecox’, syn. C. x jouiniana ‘Praecox’. produces nodding, single, dark pink C. VINO (‘Poulvo’) illus. p.200. (Italian petaled, pink-flushed, white flowers, with
Sprawling, subshrubby, non-clinging, flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) across, with twisted clematis), Vigorous,  early, large-flowered long, protruding stamens, are produced in
late-flowering clematis (group 3). H 3ft sepals that open to reveal clusters of yellow clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). summer. Z11 H11–1. ‘Colour Fountain’
(1m), S 10ft (3m). Has coarse foliage and, stamens in the center. Z5–9 H9–5. Produces numerous, single, deep petunia- illus. p.304. ‘Rose Queen’ (Cashmere
in summer, masses of tubular, single, soft C. ‘Silver Moon’, illus. p.200. Early, red flowers, 4–7in (10–18cm) across, with bouquet) has rose-pink flowers.
lavender or off-white flowers, 3/4in (2cm) large-flowered clematis (group 2). H to white to cream filaments and yellow C. spinosa of gardens. See C. hassleriana.
wide, with reflexed petal tips. 13ft (4m), S 3ft (1m). Produces single, anthers, in late spring and again in late
C. ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’, syn. silvery-mauve flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) summer and early fall. Z4–11 H9–1. CLERODENDRUM
C. viticella ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’, illus. across, from late spring to early fall. C. viticella. Late-flowering clematis
p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3). Z4–11 H9–1. (group 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Glorybower
H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Bears abundant, C. ‘Souvenir du Capitaine Thuilleaux’. Produces nodding, open bell-shaped,
double, purplish-mauve flowers, 11/2in Compact, early, large-flowered clematis single, purple-mauve flowers, 11/2in VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE
(3.5cm) long, occasionally with green outer (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In early (3.5cm) long, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1.
petals, and no anthers, from mid-summer summer bears single, deep pink-striped, See C. ‘Abundance’. ‘Etoile Violette’. Genus of evergreen or deciduous, small
to late fall. Z4–11 H9–1. cream-pink flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, See C. ‘Etoile Violette’. ‘Madame Julia trees, shrubs, subshrubs and woody-
C. ‘Ramona’. Early, large-flowered with red anthers. Is ideal for a container or Correvon’. See C. ‘Madame Julia stemmed, twining climbers, grown for
clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). patio garden. Z4–9 H9–1. Correvon’. ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’. their showy flowers. Needs rich, well-
Has coarse, dark green leaves offset, in C. ‘Star of India’. Vigorous, late, large- See C. ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’. drained soil and full sun, with partial shade
summer, by single, pale blue flowers, 4–5in flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), C. ‘Vyvyan Pennell’. Early, large- in summer. Water freely in growing season,
(10–12cm) across, with red anthers. Prefers S 3ft (1m). Bears masses of single, deep flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft less at other times. Stems require support.
a south-or south-west-facing position. purple-blue flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Has double, lilac Thin out crowded growth in spring.
Z4–11 H9–1. with light brown anthers, in mid-summer; flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) wide, with a Propagate by seed in spring, by softwood
C. recta. Clump-forming, herbaceous each petal has a deep carmine-red stripe. central, lavender-blue rosette of petals cuttings in late spring or by semiripe
clematis (group 3). H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 20in Z4–11 H9–1. and golden-yellow anthers, in early cuttings in summer. Whitefly, red spider
(50cm). Leaves are dark or gray-green. C. SUGAR CANDY (‘Evione’) (Golden summer, then single, blue-mauve mite and mealy bug may be a problem.
Bears masses of sweetly scented, flattish, clematis). Vigorous, early, large-flowered flowers. Z4–11 H9–1. C. bungei, illus. p.141.
single, white flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, in clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). C. ‘W.E. Gladstone’. Vigorous, early, C. chinense var. chinense, syn.
mid-summer. Z4–11 H7–1. Has masses of pinkish-mauve to light large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 10–12ft C. chinense ‘Pleniflorum’, C. fragrans
C. rehderiana, illus. p.200. Vigorous, purple flowers, 4–6in (10–18cm) across, (3–4m), S 3ft (1m). Produces single, ‘Pleniflorum’, C. philippinum. Evergreen
late-flowering clematis (group 3). H 20–22ft with darker, central bars on the petals and lavender flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with red or deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S to 8ft
(6–7m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Bears loose clusters yellow anthers. Z5–9 H9–5. anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1. (2.5m). Leaves are broadly oval, coarsely
of fragrant, tubular, single, yellow flowers, C. ‘Sunrise’, illus. p.199. Vigorous, C. ‘Westerplatte’, illus. p.200. Early, and shallowly toothed and downy.
1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) long, in late summer and Montana clematis (group 1). H and large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft Fragrant, double, pink or white flowers are
early fall. Leaves are coarse-textured. Z6–9 S 25–30ft (8–10m). Leaves are reddish- (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). From late spring to early borne in domed, terminal clusters in
H9–6. purple when young. Slightly scented, summer, and again from late summer to summer. Z11 H11–1.
C. ‘Rhapsody’. Compact, early, large- semidouble or double, deep pink flowers, early fall, produces single, dark velvet-red C. fallax. See C. speciosissimum.
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), 2in (5cm) across, are borne in spring. flowers, with white filaments and deep red C. fragrans ‘Pleniflorum’. See
S 3ft (1m). From early summer to early fall C. tangutica. Vigorous, late-flowering anthers. Z4–11 H9–1. C. chinense var. chinense.
C. philippinum. See C. chinense var.
chinense.
C. speciosissimum, syn. C. fallax.
Evergreen, erect to spreading, sparingly

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branched shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Bears give a bushier habit and cut out any dead CLUSIA scramble through other, larger plants.
broadly heart-shaped, wavy-edged leaves, wood. Propagate by seed in spring or by Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
to 1ft (30cm) across, on long stalks and, stem cuttings in late summer. CLUSIACEAE C. clematidea. Herbaceous, twining
from late spring to fall, tubular, scarlet C. puniceus, illus. p.193. f. albus, illus. climber. H to 5ft (1.5m). Has small, oval,
flowers, with spreading petal lobes, in p.192. Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- mid-green leaves. In summer produces
terminal clusters 1ft (30cm) long. Makes a flowering climbers, shrubs and trees, grown nodding, bell-shaped, blue-tinged, white
good container plant. Z12–14 H11–10. CLINTONIA for their foliage and flowers. Needs partial flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, marked inside
C. splendens (Bleeding heart shade and well-drained soil. Water container with darker veining and 2 purple rings.
glorybower). Vigorous, evergreen, woody- LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE specimens moderately, very little when Z7–9 H9–7.
stemmed, twining climber. H 10ft (3m) or temperatures are low. Pruning is tolerated if C. convolvulacea, illus. p.205.
more. Has oval to elliptic, rich green leaves. Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering, necessary. Propagate by layering in spring C. ovata. Upright perennial with scarcely
Clusters of 5-petaled, tubular, scarlet rhizomatous perennials. Prefers shade and or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly twining stems. H and S to 12in (30cm). Has
flowers, 1in (2.5cm) wide, are produced in moist but well-drained, peaty, neutral to and red spider mite may be a problem. small, oval leaves and, in summer, small,
summer. Z11 H11–10. acidic soil. Propagate by division in spring C. major. See C. rosea. bell-shaped, pale blue flowers, often with
C. thomsoniae, illus. p.460. or by seed in fall. C. rosea, syn. C. major (Autograph tree, darker veins. Z7–9 H9–7.
C. trichotomum (Japanese clethra), illus. C. andrewsiana (Bluebead). Clump- Copey, Fat pork tree, Pitch apple). Slow-
p.142. Deciduous, upright, bushy-headed, forming, rhizomatous perennial. H 24in growing, evergreen, rounded tree or shrub. COELOGYNE C
treelike shrub. H and S 15–20ft (5–6m). (60cm), S 12in (30cm). In early summer H and S to 50ft (15m). Bears oval, lustrous,
Clusters of deep pink and greenish-white produces clusters of small, bell-shaped, deep green leaves. Cup-shaped, pink ORCHIDACEAE
buds open to fragrant, white flowers above pinkish-purple flowers at tops of stems, flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are produced in
large leaves from late summer to mid-fall, above sparse, broadly oval, glossy, rich summer, followed by globose, greenish See also ORCHIDS.
followed by blue fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. green leaves. Bears globose, blue fruits fruits that yield a sticky resin. Z14–15 C. cristata, illus. p.465.
in fall. Z8–9 H9–1. H12–10. C. flaccida, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
CLETHRA C. borealis. Clump-forming, rhizomatous epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). In early CLYTOSTOMA H 6in (15cm). In spring bears drooping
CLETHRACEAE summer produces small, nodding, bell- spikes of fragrant, star-shaped, light buff
shaped, yellowish-green flowers, followed BIGNONIACEAE flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with yellow
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs by small, globose, blackish fruits. Has and brown marks on each lip. Has
and trees, grown for their fragrant, white sparse, broadly oval, glossy, rich green Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, narrowly oval, semi-rigid leaves, 3–4in
flowers. Needs partial shade and moist, leaves. Z2–7 H8–1. tendril climbers, grown for their flowers. (8–10cm) long. Needs partial shade in
peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by softwood C. uniflora (Bride’s bonnet). Spreading, Grow in well-drained soil, with partial summer. H11–6.
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. rhizomatous perennial. H 6in (15cm), shade in summer. Water freely in summer, C. nitida, syn. C. ochracea, illus. p.466.
C. alnifolia (Summersweet, Sweet pepper- S 12in (30cm). Has oval, glossy, green less at other times. Provide support for Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
bush). Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and leaves. Slender stems bear solitary star- stems. Thin out congested growth after greenhouse. H 5in (12cm). In spring
S 8ft (2.5m). Has oval, toothed, mid-green shaped, white flowers in late spring, then flowering or in spring. Propagate by produces sprays of very fragrant, white
leaves and, in late summer and early fall, large, globose, blue-black fruits. Z4–8 H8–1. semiripe cuttings in summer. flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across and with a
slender spires of small, bell-shaped C. callistegioides, syn. Pandorea yellow mark on each lip. Narrowly oval,
flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. CLITORIA lindleyana, illus. p.461. semi-rigid leaves are 3–4in (8–10cm) long.
C. arborea (Lily-of-the-valley tree). Requires partial shade in summer. H11–6.
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub or tree. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE COBAEA C. ochracea. See C. nitida.
H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Bears long, C. speciosa. Vigorous, evergreen,
nodding clusters of small, strongly Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs COBAEACEAE/POLEMONIACEAE epiphytic orchid for an intermediate
fragrant, bell-shaped, white flowers among and twining climbers, grown for their greenhouse. H 10in (25cm). In summer
oval, toothed, rich green leaves from late large, pealike flowers. Grow in full light Genus of evergreen or deciduous, woody- produces pendent, light green flowers,
summer to mid-fall. Z8–9 H9–8. and in any fertile, well-drained soil. Water stemmed, tendril climbers. Only one 21/2in (6cm) across, with brown- and white-
C. barbinervis, illus. p.129. moderately, less when not in full growth. species, C. scandens, is generally cultivated. marked lips, that open in succession along
C. delavayi, illus. p.113. Provide support for stems. Thin out Grow outdoors in warm areas in full stems. Has broadly oval leaves, 9–10in
crowded stems in spring. Propagate by sun and well-drained soil. In cool regions (23–25cm) long. Needs full light in summer.
CLEYERA seed in spring or by softwood cuttings in may be grown under glass or treated as an Z14–15 H11–6.
summer. Whitefly and red spider mite may annual. Propagate by seed in spring.
THEACEAE/PENTAPHYLACEAE be a problem. C. scandens, illus. p.204. f. alba (Asian COIX
C. ternatea. Evergreen, twining climber bellflower) is an evergreen, woody-
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering with slender stems. H 10–15ft (3–5m). stemmed, tendril climber. H 12–15ft (4–5m). GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
shrubs and trees, grown for their foliage Leaves are divided into 3 or 5 oval leaflets. Has long-stalked, bell-shaped, green, then
and flowers. Requires a sheltered position Clear bright blue flowers, 3–5in (7–12cm) white flowers from late summer until first See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
in sun or partial shade and moist, acidic wide, are borne in summer. Z11 H11–10. frosts. Leaves have 4 or 6 oval leaflets. and SEDGES.
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in Z11–13 H12–10. C. lacryma-jobi (Job’s tears). Tuft-
summer. CLIVIA forming, annual grass. H 18–36in
C. fortunei ‘Variegata’. See C. japonica Cocos capitata. See Butia capitata. (45–90cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has broad
‘Fortunei’ AMARYLLIDACEAE leaves and insignificant spikelets followed
C. japonica. Evergreen, bushy shrub. CODIAEUM by hard, beadlike, green fruits turning
H and S 10ft (3m). Small, fragrant, bowl- Genus of robust, evergreen, rhizomatous shiny, grayish-mauve in fall. Z7–11 H11–1.
shaped, creamy-white flowers are borne perennials, grown for their funnel-shaped EUPHORBIACEAE
in summer amid narrowly oblong to flowers. Is suitable for borders and large COLCHICUM 545
oval-oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. containers. Needs partial shade and well- Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
Occasionally has small, spherical, red drained soil. Water well in summer, less in their foliage. Prefers partial shade and Autumn crocus, Meadow saffron
fruits, ripening to black. Z8–11 H11–7. winter. Propagate by seed in winter or fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Remove
‘Fortunei’, syn. C. fortunei ‘Variegata’, spring or by division in spring or summer tips from young plants to promote a LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE
Eurya japonica ‘Variegata’, H and S 6ft after flowering. Mealy bugs may cause branched habit. Propagate by greenwood
(2m), produces pink-flushed, young leaves, cuttings from firm stem tips in spring or Genus of spring- and fall-flowering corms,
later green edged with creamy-white. problems. T All parts of C. miniata may summer. Mealy bug and soft scale may be grown for their mainly goblet-shaped
blooms, up to 8in (20cm) long, most of
CLIANTHUS cause mild stomach upset if ingested, and a nuisance. T Contact with the foliage may which emerge before leaves. Each corm
the sap may irritate skin. bears 2–7 narrowly strap-shaped to
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE C. miniata, illus. p.476. aggravate skin allergies. broadly elliptic, basal leaves. Needs an
C. nobilis (Violet trumpet vine). C. variegatum var. pictum, illus. p.459. open, sunny situation and well-drained soil.
Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, Evergreen, spring- or summer-flowering,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climbers, rhizomatous perennial. H 12–16in CODONOPSIS Propagate by seed or division in fall. T All
grown for their flowers. Grow outdoors (30–40cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has strap-
in warm areas in well-drained soil and full shaped, semierect, basal leaves, 16–24in CAMPANULACEAE parts are highly toxic if ingested and, if in
sun. In cooler areas needs to be under (40–60cm) long. Each leafless stem bears a contact with skin, may cause irritation.
glass. In spring, prune out growing tips to dense, semi-pendent head of more than 20 Genus of perennials and mostly C. agrippinum, illus. p.425.
narrowly funnel-shaped, red flowers, with herbaceous, twining climbers, grown C. autumnale, illus. p.426. ‘Alboplenum’
green tips and yellow margins to petals. for their bell- or saucer-shaped flowers. is an fall-flowering corm. H and S 4–6in
Z12–14 H11–10. Needs partial shade and light, well-drained (10–15cm). In spring has 3–5 large,
soil. Train over supports or leave to

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semierect, basal, glossy, green leaves. C. armata. See C. hystrix. tubular, scarlet flowers, to 3in (8cm) long, edges. In mid-summer, each flower stem
Produces a bunch of up to 8 long-tubed, C. cruciata. See C. paradoxa. with yellow throats, are produced in bears 5–25 tubular flowers, usually lilac, but
rounded, double, white flowers with 15–30 C. hystrix, syn. C. armata, illus. p.130. winter–spring. Z14–15 H11–10. ‘Variegata’, white, purple or pink forms also occur.
narrow petals. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Rosea’ is a deciduous, sturdily branched illus. p.475. Z7–8 H8–7.
C. ‘Beaconsfield’. Robust, fall-flowering shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m). Shoots have
corm. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears large, rigid, gray-green spines. Bears fragrant, COLUTEA CONIFERS
goblet-shaped, rich pinkish-purple flowers, tubular, pink flowers in late summer and
faintly checkered and white in centers. early fall. Z7–11 H12–7. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Group of trees and shrubs, distinguished
Large, semierect, basal leaves are borne C. paradoxa, syn. C. cruciata, illus. p.131. botanically from others by producing seeds
in spring. Z4–9 H9–1. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering exposed or uncovered on the scales of
C. bivonae, syn. C. bowlesianum, COLLINSIA shrubs, grown for their foliage, pealike fruits. Most conifers are evergreen, have
C. sibthorpii, illus. p.425. flowers and bladder-shaped seed pods. needlelike leaves and bear woody fruits
C. bowlesianum. See C. bivonae. SCROPHULARIACEAE Grow in full sun and any but waterlogged (cones). All genera in the Cupressaceae
C. x byzantinum, illus. p.426. soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in family, however, have needlelike juvenile
C. cilicicum, illus. p.425. Genus of spring- to summer-flowering leaves and, excepting many junipers and
C. ‘Lilac Wonder’. Vigorous, fall- annuals. Needs partial shade and fertile, summer or by seed in fall. T The seeds some other selected forms, scalelike adult
flowering corm. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). well-drained soil. Support with thin sticks. leaves. Conifers described in this book are
Has goblet-shaped, deep lilac-pink flowers, Propagate by seed sown outdoors in spring may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. evergreen unless otherwise stated.
6–8in (15–20cm) long. Broad, semierect, or early fall. C. arborescens, illus. p.139.
basal leaves are produced in spring. Z4–9 C. grandiflora, illus. p.312. C. x media, illus. p.140. Conifers are excellent garden plants.
H9–1. C. orientalis. Deciduous, bushy shrub. Most provide year-round foliage, which
C. luteum, illus. p.421. COLOCASIA H and S 6ft (2m). Has blue-gray leaves may be green, blue, gray, bronze, gold or
C. sibthorpii. See C. bivonae. consisting of 7 or 9 oval leaflets. Clusters silver. They range in height from trees 130ft
C. speciosum. Vigorous, fall-flowering ARACEAE of yellow-marked, coppery-red flowers (40m) or more tall to dwarf shrubs that
corm. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears produced in summer are followed by grow less than 2in (5cm) every 10 years.
goblet-shaped, pale to deep pinkish-purple Genus of deciduous or evergreen, inflated, green, then pale brown seed Tall conifers may be planted as specimen
flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, often with perennial, marginal water plants, grown pods. Z6–9 H9–6. trees or to provide shelter, screening or
white throats. Large, semierect, basal for their foliage. Has edible tubers, known hedging. Dwarf conifers make good
leaves develop in winter or spring. Z4–9 as “taros,” for which it is widely cultivated. Comarostaphylis diversifolia. See features in their own right as well as in
H9–1. ‘Album’, illus. p.424. Is suitable for the edges of frost-free ponds; Arctostaphylos diversifolia. groups; they also associate well with
C. ‘The Giant’. Robust, fall-flowering may also be grown in wet soil in pots. heathers, add variety to rock gardens and
corm. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Produces Grows in sun or light shade and in mud COMBRETUM provide excellent groundcover. They may
up to 5 funnel-shaped, deep mauve-pink or shallow water. Propagate by division also be grown in containers.
flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, fading to COMBRETACEAE
white in the center. Broad, semierect, basal in spring. T All parts may cause mild Position and soil
leaves are produced in winter or spring. Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and Cupressus, x Cuprocyparis, Larix and
Z4–9 H9–1. stomach upset if ingested without cooking, scandent to twining climbers, grown for Pinus need full sun. Cedrus, Juniperus
C. variegatum. Fall-flowering corm. and contact with the sap may irritate the their small, showy flowers. Provide rich, and Pseudolarix do not tolerate shade. All
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Bears skin. well-drained soil, with partial shade in other conifers will thrive in sun or shade,
C. antiquorum. See C. esculenta. summer. Water freely in summer, less at and most Abies and all Cephalotaxus,
C widely funnel-shaped, reddish-purple C. esculenta, syn. C. antiquorum. other times. Support for stems is necessary. Podocarpus, Taxus, Thuja, Torreya and
flowers with strong checkered patterns. ‘Fontanesii’ is a deciduous, perennial, Thin out and spur back congested growth Tsuga will grow in deep shade once
More or less horizontal, basal leaves with marginal water plant. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft after flowering. Propagate by semiripe established. Wollemia prefers a sheltered
wavy margins are produced in spring. (60cm). Has large, bold, oval, mid-green cuttings in summer. Red spider mite may location out of full sun.
Needs a hot, sunny site. Z4–9 H9–1. leaves with dark green veins and margins be a problem.
C. ‘Waterlily’, illus. p.425. and blackish-violet leaf stalks and spathe C. grandiflorum. Moderately vigorous, Conifers grow well on most soils, but
tubes. Z9–11 H12–8. ‘Illustris’ has evergreen, scandent to twining climber. certain genera and species will not do well
COLEONEMA brownish-purple leaf stalks and dark green H to 20ft (6m). Has oblong to elliptic, on soils over chalk or limestone. In this
leaf blades with purple spots. pointed leaves, 4–8in (10–20cm) long. book, such conifers are: Abies, Pseudolarix,
RUTACEAE Tubular, bright red flowers with long Pseudotsuga and Tsuga; also Picea, except
COLQUHOUNIA stamens are borne in summer in one-sided P. likiangensis, P. omorika and P. pungens;
Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs, spikes, 4–5in (10–13cm) long. Z11 H11–10. and Pinus, except P. aristata, P. armandii,
grown for their flowers and overall LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE C. indicum. See Quisqualis indica. P. cembroides, P. halepensis, P. heldreichii,
appearance. Requires full sun and well- P. nigra, P. peuce and P. wallichiana.
drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water Genus of evergreen or semievergreen COMMELINA Certain conifers tolerate extreme
container plants moderately when in full shrubs, grown for their flowers in late conditions. Abies alba, A. homolepis,
growth, sparingly at other times. For a summer and fall. Needs a sheltered, sunny Day flower A. nordmanniana, Cryptomeria,
more compact habit, clip after flowering. position and well-drained soil. Propagate COMMELINACEAE Cunninghamia, Metasequoia, Pinus coulteri,
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe by softwood cuttings in summer. P. peuce, P. ponderosa, Sciadopitys,
cuttings in late summer. C. coccinea, illus. p.141. Genus of perennials, usually grown as Sequoia, Sequoiadendron and Taxodium
C. pulchrum. Evergreen, spreading to annuals. Needs a sunny, sheltered position will grow on heavy clay soils. Picea
domed shrub with wiry stems. H 2–4ft COLUMNEA and fertile, well-drained soil. Crowns omorika, P. sitchensis, Pinus contorta,
(60cm–1.2m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Has soft, should be lifted before the frosts and Sciadopitys verticillata and Thuja plicata are
needlelike, bright green leaves. Produces GESNERIACEAE overwintered in slightly moist, frost-free all happy on wet soil, and Metasequoia and
5-petaled, pale pink to red flowers in conditions. Propagate by seed sown under Taxodium thrive in waterlogged conditions.
spring–summer. Z8–11 H11–8. Genus of evergreen, creeping or trailing glass or by division of the crown in spring. Cupressus, Juniperus and Pinus grow well
perennials or subshrubs, grown for their C. coelestis, syn. C. tuberosa Coelestis on dry, sandy soil.
Coleus blumei var. verschaffeltii. showy flowers. Trailing species are useful Group, illus. p.315.
See Solenostemon scutellarioides. for hanging baskets. Needs bright but C. tuberosa Coelestis Group. See C. Pruning
Coleus thyrsoideus. See Plectranthus indirect light, a fairly humid atmosphere coelestis. If a conifer produces more than one leader,
thyrsoideus. and moist soil, except in winter. Propagate remove all but one. Bear in mind when
by tip cuttings after flowering. CONANDRON trimming hedges that most conifers will not
546 COLLETIA C. x banksii, illus. p.470. make new growth when cut back into old
C. crassifolia, illus. p.470. GESNERIACEAE wood or from branches that have turned
RHAMNACEAE C. gloriosa (Goldfish plant). Evergreen, brown. This does not, however, apply to
trailing perennial with more or less Genus of one species of tuberous perennial, Cephalotaxus, Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia,
Genus of deciduous, usually leafless unbranched stems. H and S to 3ft (90cm). grown for its fleshy leaves and drooping Sequoia, Taxus, Torreya and Wollemia, and
shrubs, grown for their curious, spiny Oval leaves have reddish hairs. Has tubular, flower clusters. Grow in alpine houses. these conifers may be kept to a reasonable
shoots and profuse, small flowers. Shoots hooded, scarlet flowers, to 3in (8cm) long, Needs shade and rich, well-drained soil. size in the garden by cutting back the main
assume function of leaves. Requires a with yellow throats, in winter–spring. Keep container plants moist in summer, dry stem, which will later coppice (make new
sheltered, sunny site and well-drained soil. Z13–15 H11–10. when dormant in winter. Propagate by growth). Young specimens of Araucaria,
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late C. microphylla. Evergreen perennial, division or seed in spring. Ginkgo, Metasequoia and Taxodium will
summer. sparsely branched on each trailing stem. C. ramondoides. Hummock-forming, sometimes do the same.
H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Has small, tuberous perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 8in
rounded leaves with brown hairs. Hooded, (20cm). Produces broadly oval, fleshy,
wrinkled, mid-green leaves with toothed

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Propagation CONSOLIDA COPIAPOA C. australis, syn. Dracaena australis (New
Seed is the easiest method of Zealand cabbage palm). Slow-growing,
propagation, but forms selected for leaf Larkspur CACTACEAE evergreen, sparsely branched tree. H 50ft
color (other than blue in some species) (15m) or more, S 15ft (5m) or more. Each
do not come true. Sow in fall or spring. RANUNCULACEAE Genus of slow-growing, perennial cacti stem is crowned by a rosette of strap-
All genera apart from Abies, Cedrus, with funnel-shaped, yellow flowers. Many shaped leaves, 1–3ft (30cm–1m) long. Has
Picea (except young plants or dwarf Genus of annuals, providing excellent cut species have large taproots. Needs partial small, scented, white flowers in large, open
forms), Pinus, Pseudolarix, Pseudotsuga flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained shade and very well-drained soil. panicles in summer and, in fall, globose,
and Tsuga (except young plants or dwarf soil. Support stems of tall-growing plants Propagate by seed or grafting in spring or white fruits. Z10–11 H11–10.
forms) may be raised fairly easily from with sticks. Propagate by seed sown summer. ‘Atropurpurea’, illus. p.451. Long,
cuttings: current growth from fall to outdoors in spring, or in early fall in mild C. cinerea, illus. p.489. sword-shaped leaves of ‘Veitchii’ have red
spring for evergreens, softwood cuttings areas. Protect young plants from slugs and C. coquimbana. Clump-forming, bases and midribs.
in summer for deciduous conifers. Tall- spherical, then columnar, perennial cactus. C. fruticosa, syn. C. terminalis (Ti plant).
growing forms of Pinaceae (Abies, snails. T The seeds are poisonous. H to 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Dark gray-green Slow-growing, evergreen, upright shrub,
Cedrus, Picea, Pinus, Pseudolarix, stem has 10–17 ribs. Areoles each bear sparingly branched and suckering. H 6–12ft
Pseudotsuga and Tsuga) are usually C. ajacis, syn. C. ambigua, Delphinium 8–10 dark brown radial spines and 1 or 2 (2–4m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Broadly lance-
propagated by grafting in late summer, consolida. Fast-growing, upright, sturdier central spines. Yellow flowers, shaped, glossy, deep green leaves are 1–2ft
winter or early spring. Layering may be branching annual. Giant forms, H to 4ft 11/4in (3cm) across, are borne in summer. (30–60cm) long. Produces branched
possible for some dwarf conifers. It is (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm); dwarf, H and S 1ft Is slow to form clumps. Z13–15 H12–10. panicles of small, white, purplish or reddish
illegal to propagate Wollemia nobilis. (30cm). All have feathery, mid-green leaves C. echinoides. Flattened spherical, flowers in summer. Z11 H11–7. Foliage of
and, throughout summer, spikes of perennial cactus, ribbed like a sea urchin. ‘Baptistii’ is deep green with pink and
Pests and diseases rounded, spurred flowers. H9–1. Dwarf H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Solitary gray- yellow stripes and spots. ‘Imperialis’ has
Honey fungus attacks many conifers, Hyacinth Series has spikes of tubular green stem bears dark brown spines, 11/4in red- or pink-marked, deep green leaves.
especially young plants. Most resistant to flowers in shades of pink, mauve, blue or (3cm) long, which soon fade to gray. In C. indivisa, syn. Dracaena indivisa. Slow-
the disease are Abies, Calocedrus, Larix, white. Giant Imperial Series (Giant summer produces pale yellow flowers, growing, evergreen, erect tree or shrub.
Pseudotsuga and Taxus. Green spruce larkspur) has spikes of rounded, spurred, 11/2in (4cm) across. Z13–15 H12–10. H 10ft (3m) or more, S 6ft (2m). Bears lance-
aphid may be a problem on Picea, and double flowers in pink, blue or white. C. marginata. Clump-forming, perennial shaped, green leaves, 2–6ft (60cm–2m) long,
conifer spinning mite may defoliate Abies, C. ambigua. See C. ajacis. cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Gray- orange-brown veined above, blue-gray
Picea and some Pinus. green stem bears very close-set areoles tinted beneath. In summer, tiny, star-
CONVALLARIA with dark-tipped, pale brown spines, to shaped, white flowers in dense clusters, 2ft
Conifers are illustrated on pp.95–105, 11/4in (3cm) long. Has yellow flowers, (60cm) or more long, are followed by tiny,
dwarf forms on pp.105. See also Abies, Lily-of-the-valley 3/4–2in (2–5cm) across, in spring–summer. spherical, blue-purple fruits. Z9–10 H11–10.
Araucaria, Athrotaxis, Austrocedrus, Z13–15 H12–10. C. terminalis. See C. fruticosa.
Calocedrus, Cedrus, Cephalotaxus, LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
Chamaecyparis, Cryptomeria, COPROSMA COREOPSIS C
Cunninghamia, Cupressus, x Cuprocyparis, Genus of spring-flowering, rhizomatous
Fitzroya, Ginkgo, Juniperus, Larix, perennials. Prefers partial shade and rich, RUBIACEAE Tickseed 547
Metasequoia, Microbiota, Phyllocladus, moist soil. Propagate by division after
Picea, Pinus, Platycladus, Podocarpus, Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Prumnopitys, Pseudolarix, Pseudotsuga, flowering or in fall. T The seeds of C. grown for their foliage and fruits.
Saxegothaea, Sciadopitys, Sequoia, Separate male and female plants are Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
Sequoiadendron, Taxodium, Taxus, majalis may cause mild stomach upset if needed to obtain fruits. Prefers full for their daisylike flower heads. Needs full
Thuja, Thujopsis, Torreya, Tsuga ingested. light and well-drained soil. Water sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
and Wollemia. C. majalis, illus. p.255. Z2–7 H7–1. ‘Flore container specimens freely in summer, annuals by seed in spring; C. lanceolata by
Pleno’ is a low-growing, rhizomatous moderately at other times. Propagate seed or division in spring; C. auriculata
CONOPHYTUM perennial. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S indefinite. by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings ‘Superba’ and C. grandiflora ‘Badengold’
Sprays of small, very fragrant, pendent, bell- in late summer. by softwood cuttings or division in spring
AIZOACEAE shaped flowers that are double and white C. baueriana. See C. repens. or summer; and C. verticillata by division in
are produced in spring. Narrowly oval C. baueri of gardens. See C. repens. spring.
Genus of slow-growing, clump-forming, leaves are mid- to dark green. ‘Fortin’s C. x kirkii. Evergreen, prostrate, then C. auriculata ‘Superba’ (Tickseed).
perennial succulents with spherical or Giant’, H 18in (45cm), has larger flowers semierect, densely branched shrub. H to 3ft Bushy perennial. H and S 18in (45cm).
2-eared leaves that grow for only 2 months and leaves that appear a little earlier. (1m), S 4–6ft (1.2–2m). Narrowly oblong to Daisylike, rich yellow flower heads, with
each year, after flowering. In early summer, lance-shaped, leathery, glossy leaves are central, purple blotches, are borne in
old leaves gradually shrivel to papery CONVOLVULUS borne singly or in small clusters. In late summer. Oval to lance-shaped leaves are
sheaths from which new leaves and flowers spring has insignificant flowers, followed lobed and light green. Some plants grown
emerge in late summer. Needs full sun and CONVOLVULACEAE on female plants by tiny, egg-shaped, as C. auriculata are the closely related
well-drained soil. Keep dry in winter. translucent, white fruits with red speckles. annual C. basalis. Z4–9 H9–1.
Propagate by seed from spring to fall or by Genus of dwarf, bushy and climbing Z8–10 H10–8. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.152. C. Coloropsis Series ‘Jive’. Bushy, well-
division in late summer. annuals, perennials and evergreen shrubs C. repens, syn. C. baueriana, C. baueri. branched, prolific perennial grown as an
C. bilobum, illus. p.494. and subshrubs. Grow in sun and in poor to Evergreen, spreading, then erect shrub. annual. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18–24in
C. concordans, syn. Ophthalmophyllum fertile, well-drained soil. Deadhead to H and S to 6ft (2m). Has broadly oval, (45–60cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
villetii, illus. p.484. prolong flowering. Propagate by seed leathery, lustrous, rich green leaves. dark green leaves. Daisylike, deep crimson
C. frutescens, syn. C. notabile, illus. p.496. sown outdoors in mid-spring for hardy Produces insignificant flowers in late flower heads, 2in (5cm) across, margined in
C. longum, syn. Ophthalmophyllum plants or under glass in spring for tender spring, followed on female plants by pure white, are borne in summer–fall.
herri, Ophthalmophyllum longum. plants; increase perennials and subshrubs egg-shaped, orange-red fruits from late C. ‘Goldfink’. See C. lanceolata ‘Goldfink’.
Clump-forming, perennial succulent. by softwood cuttings in late spring or summer to fall. Z8–10 H10–8. Leaves of C. grandiflora. Z4–9 H11–1. ‘Badengold’
H 11/4in (3cm), S 5/8in (1.5cm). Has 2 summer. ‘Picturata’ each have a central, cream Short-lived, erect perennial with lax stems.
almost united, erect, cylindrical, very C. althaeoides, illus. p.362. blotch. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Bears large,
fleshy, gray-green to brown leaves. C. cneorum, illus. p.149. daisylike, rich buttercup-yellow flower
In late summer bears daisylike, white C. mauritanicus. See C. sabatius. CORDYLINE heads in summer and broadly lance-
to pink flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across. C. minor. See C. tricolor. shaped, divided, bright green leaves.
Z12–14 H11–10. C. purpureus. See Ipomoea purpurea. AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ‘Sunray’, syn. C. ‘Sunray’ illus. p.321.
C. notabile. See C. frutescens. C. sabatius, syn. C. mauritanicus, illus. C. lanceolata, illus. p.276. ‘Goldfink’,
C. truncatum (Larkspur). Slow-growing, p.342. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, syn. C. ‘Goldfink’ is a short-lived, dwarf,
clump-forming, perennial succulent. C. tricolor, syn. C. minor. Moderately grown mainly for their foliage, although bushy perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
H 5/8in (1.5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has pea- fast-growing, upright, bushy or climbing some also have decorative flowers. Provide Sprays of daisylike, deep yellow flower
shaped, dark-spotted, blue-green annual. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 8in (20cm). fertile, well-drained soil and full light or heads are held in summer above narrowly
leaves, each with a sunken fissure at Has oval to lance-shaped, mid-green partial shade. Water container plants oval, deep green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1.
the tip. Produces daisylike, cream leaves. In summer bears saucer-shaped, moderately, less in winter. Propagate by C. ‘Limerock Ruby’, illus. p.268.
flowers, 5/8in (1.5cm) across, in fall. blue or white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) wide, seed or suckers in spring or by stem C. rosea ‘American Dream’. Upright
Z12–15 H11–10. with yellowish-white throats. Tall, climbing cuttings in summer. Red spider mite may perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
forms, H to 10ft (3m), are half-hardy and be a nuisance.
have flowers to 4in (10cm) wide. Z9–11
H11–10. ‘Blue Flash’ (bushy) illus. p.314.
‘Flying Saucers’ (climber) has blue-and-
white-striped flowers.

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small, lance-shaped, dark green leaves. capitata, C. florida and C. kousa by seed in purple-red in fall. f. rubra bears pink or early summer, are followed by ovoid,
Produces masses of daisylike, yellow- fall or by softwood cuttings in summer; C. red bracts. ‘Spring Song’ has pink bracts. creamy-white fruits. ‘Kelseyi’ (illus. p.126),
centered, pink flower heads, borne on nuttallii by seed in fall; all others described ‘Welchii’, illus. p.89. ‘White Cloud’ has H 21/2ft (75cm), S 5ft (1.5m), is compact and
self-supporting, branched stems, in mid- here by softwood cuttings in summer. large white bracts. has yellow-green winter stems tipped with
summer. Z4–8 H8–1. C. kousa, illus. p.85. var. chinensis (illus. orange-red. ‘White Gold’, syn. C. sericea
C. ‘Rum Punch’, illus. p.326. T  The fruits of some species may cause p.87) has larger flower heads and more ‘White Spot’ (illus. p.126) has mid-green
C. ‘Sunray’. See C. grandiflora ‘Sunray’. narrowly pointed bracts. var. chinensis leaves margined and mottled with white.
C. tinctoria, illus. p.321. ‘Golden Crown’ mild stomach upset if ingested; contact ‘China Girl’ (Bigleaf dogwood) (illus. p.87) ‘White Spot’. See C. sericea ‘White Gold’.
(Threadleaf coreopsis) is a fast-growing, with the leaf hairs may irritate skin. bears creamy-white bracts and mid-green C. stolonifera. See C. sericea.
upright, bushy annual. H 24in (60cm), C. alba (Tatarian dogwood). Vigorous, leaves turning orange-red in fall. ‘Miss
S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, deep green deciduous, upright, then spreading shrub. Satomi’ (illus. p.87) has deep pink bracts COROKIA
leaves and, in summer and early fall, large, H and S 10ft (3m). Young shoots are bright and bright green leaves turning orange
daisylike, deep yellow flower heads with red in winter. Has oval, dark green leaves, and red in fall. ‘National’ (illus. p.87) is ESCALLONIACEAE/ARGOPHYLLACEAE
brown centers. Z4–9 H12–1. often red or orange in fall. Bears flattened vigorous, has bright green leaves turning
C. verticillata, illus. p.276. heads of star-shaped, creamy-white flowers to orange and red in fall, and bears large, Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
in late spring and early summer, followed white bracts that mature to pink. habit, foliage, flowers and fruits. Is good in
CORIARIA by spherical, sometimes blue-tinted, white C. macrophylla. Deciduous, spreading mild, coastal areas, where it is very wind-
fruits. Z2–8 H8–1. ‘Aurea’ (illus. p.126) has tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft (8m). Glossy, tolerant. Protect from strong winds at
CORIARIACEAE pale greenish-yellow leaves in summer. bright green leaves are large, pointed and limits of hardiness. Needs full sun and
‘Elegantissima’ (illus. p.126) has white- oval. Clusters of small, creamy-white fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
Genus of deciduous, spring- or summer- edged, gray-green leaves. ‘Gouchaultii’ flowers are produced in summer. Z7–8 softwood cuttings in summer.
flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown has pink-flushed leaves broadly edged with H8–7. C. buddlejoides. Evergreen, upright
for their habit, foliage and fruits. Needs full yellow. ‘Kesselringii’ (illus. p.126) has C. mas (Cornelian cherry), illus. p.87. shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has slender,
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate dark green leaves flushed reddish-purple in Deciduous, spreading, open shrub or tree. gray shoots and narrowly oblong, glossy,
by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed fall. ‘Sibirica’ illus. p.143. ‘Sibirica H and S 15ft (5m). Oval, dark green leaves dark green leaves. Bears panicles of star-
Variegata’ (illus. p.142) has gray-green change to reddish-purple in fall. Produces shaped, yellow flowers in late spring,
in fall. T The leaves and fruits of some leaves with creamy-white margins. small, star-shaped, yellow flowers on bare followed by spherical, blackish-red
‘Spaethii’ (Pagoda dogwood) (illus. p.126) shoots in late winter and early spring, then fruits. Z9–10 H10–9.
species may cause severe stomach upset if has bright green leaves with yellow edges. edible, oblong, bright red fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. C. cotoneaster, illus. p.144.
ingested; in other species, the fruits are C. alternifolia, illus. p.87. Deciduous, ‘Aureoelegantissima’, syn. C. mas C. x virgata. Evergreen, upright, dense
edible, although the seeds are thought to spreading tree or bushy shrub, with tiered ‘Elegantissima’ (illus. p.87), H 6ft (2m), shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves are oblong
be poisonous. branches. H and S 20ft (6m). Oval, bright S 10ft (3m), has pink-tinged leaves edged and glossy, dark green above, white
C. terminalis. Deciduous, arching green leaves, which each taper to a point, with yellow. ‘Elegantissima’. See C. mas beneath. Produces star-shaped, yellow
subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Broadly often turn red in fall. Clusters of tiny, star- ‘Aureoelegantissima’. ‘Variegata’ is bushy flowers in mid-spring, then egg-shaped,
lance-shaped, fernlike, mid-green leaves shaped, creamy-white flowers in early and dense and produces white-edged, dark bright orange fruits. Makes a good hedge,
turn red in fall. Minute, green flowers in summer are followed by small, rounded, green leaves. especially in coastal areas. Z8–10 H10–8.
late spring are followed by small, spherical, blue-black fruits. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Argentea’ C. ‘Norman Hadden’. Deciduous,
black fruits. Z9–11 H11–1. var. (Giant dogwood), illus. p.87 has narrowly spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Creamy- CORONILLA
xanthocarpa, illus. p.161. oval, white-variegated leaves. white bracts around tiny flowers turn to
C. canadensis, syn. Chamaepericlymenum deep pink in summer. These are often LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
CORNUKAEMPFERIA canadense, illus. p.360. followed by strawberry-like fruits in fall.
C. capitata, syn. Dendrobenthamia Z5–8 H8–5. Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
C ZINGIBERACEAE capitata (Evergreen dogwood), illus. p.87. C. nuttallii (Western dogwood). and perennials, grown for their foliage and
Evergreen or semievergreen, spreading Deciduous, conical tree. H 40ft (12m), flowers. Requires full sun and light, well-
Genus of one species of herbaceous tree. H and S to 40ft (12m). Pale yellow S 25ft (8m). Has oval, dark green leaves drained soil. Propagate by softwood
perennial with underground rhizomes, bracts, surrounding insignificant flowers, and large, white bracts, surrounding tiny cuttings in summer.
grown for its large, colorful leaves and are produced in early summer, followed by flowers, borne in late spring. Z7–8 H8–7. C. glauca. See C. valentina subsp. glauca.
flowers. Grow in moist but well-drained large, strawberry-like, red fruits. Has oval, ‘Monarch’ (illus. p.87) is a vigorous, C. valentina subsp. glauca, syn. C.
soil in partial or full shade. Keep dry when gray-green leaves. Is good for a mild spreading tree with rounded, white bracts glauca, illus. p.195.
dormant. Propagate by division in spring coastal area. Z8–9 H9–8. in mid-spring and purple-blushed shoots
or by seed in spring. C. controversa (Flowering dogwood), bearing mid-green leaves. CORREA
C. aurantiflora. Herbaceous, rhizomatous illus. p.87. Deciduous tree with layered C. ‘Porlock’ (Kousa dogwood), illus. p.87.
perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm). Has branches. H and S 50ft (15m). Leaves are Deciduous, spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), RUTACEAE
ovate, ribbed, dark green and silver leaves, oval, pointed and bright green, turning S 15ft (5m). Creamy-white bracts around
to 10in (25cm) long, with purple purple in fall. Clusters of small, star- tiny flowers turn to deep pink in summer. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
undersides, borne close to the ground. shaped, white flowers are borne in These are often followed by heavy crops of flowers. Prefers full light or partial shade
Tubular, orange flowers, 2in (5cm) long, are summer. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Variegata’ (Giant strawberry-like fruits in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. and fertile, well-drained, neutral to acidic
borne, in summer, from short stalks in the dogwood), H and S 25ft (8m), leaves are C. sanguinea (Bloodtwig dogwood), illus. soil. Water container specimens
leaf axils. Requires full shade. ‘Jungle bright green with broad, creamy-white p.142. Deciduous, upright shrub. H to 10ft moderately, less when not in flower.
Gold’ (illus. p.477) has largely silver leaves margins and turn yellow in fall. (3m), S 3ft (1m). Reddish-green, sometimes Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
and deep orange-red buds that open into C. ‘Eddie’s White Wonder’, illus. p.87. entirely green, winter shoots are a deep red cuttings in late summer.
orange-gold flowers, with red lines. Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H 20ft color when young. Ovate, mid-green leaves C. backhouseana. Evergreen, rounded,
(6m), S 15ft (5m). Large, white bracts, turn reddish-purple in fall. Flattened heads well-branched shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
548 CORNUS surrounding insignificant flowers, are of star-shaped, white flowers, in late Leaves are oval to elliptic and dark green,
produced in late spring. Oval leaves are spring, are followed by egg-shaped, blue- with dense, pale buff down beneath.
Dogwood mid-green, turning red and purple in fall. black fruits. Thrives in damp soil. Z4–7 Tubular, pale yellow-green to white flowers
Z5–8 H8–5. H7–1. ‘Midwinter Fire’ (illus. p.126) are produced in spring and intermittently
CORNACEAE C. florida (Flowering dogwood). produces flame-colored stems—yellow at until fall. Z9–10 H10–8.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 20ft (6m), the bases rising to scarlet-red on younger C. x harrisii. See C. ‘Mannii’.
Genus of deciduous shrubs and deciduous S 25ft (8m). In late spring bears white or growth. ‘Winter Beauty’ (illus. p.126) has C. ‘Mannii’, syn. C. x harrisii, C. ‘Harrisii’.
or evergreen trees, grown for their flowers, pinkish-white bracts surrounding tiny, orange-yellow winter stems, tipped with Evergreen, bushy, slender-stemmed
foliage or brightly colored winter stems. insignificant flowers. Oval, pointed, dark crimson, and yellow-red fall leaf color. shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has narrowly
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well- green leaves turn red and purple in fall. C. sericea, syn. C. stolonifera (Red osier oval leaves with short hairs beneath.
drained soil. Those grown for winter stem Z5–8 H8–3. ‘Apple Blossom’ has pale dogwood). Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Flaviramea’ (illus. Tubular, scarlet flowers are borne in
color do best in full sun. C. florida, C. kousa pink bracts. ‘Cherokee Chief’ (illus. p.87) p.126) is a vigorous, deciduous shrub. H 6ft summer–fall, sometimes in other seasons.
and C. nuttallii dislike shallow, chalky soil. bears pink-red bracts, fading to white close (2m), S 13ft (4m). Has olive-green to yellow, Z9–10 H10–9.
C. canadensis prefers acidic soil. Plants to each flower. ‘Cherokee Princess’ young shoots in winter and ovate, mid- C. pulchella, illus. p.164.
grown for their stems should be cut back (illus. p.87) has bronze-colored leaves that green leaves. Flattened heads of small, star- C. reflexa, syn. C. speciosa. Evergreen,
almost to ground level each year in early mature to dark green. ‘Rainbow’ (illus. shaped cream flowers, in late spring and bushy, slender-stemmed shrub. H and S to
spring. Propagate C. alba and C. sericea p.87) has a compact, erect habit, white 6ft (2m). Oval leaves have thick down
‘Flaviramea’ by softwood cuttings in bracts and yellow-edged leaves turning beneath. Bears tubular, greenish-yellow to
summer or by hardwood cuttings in fall or crimson or rose flowers, with greenish-
winter; variegated forms of C. alternifolia
and C. controversa by grafting in winter; C.
canadensis by division in spring or fall; C.